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1
Alain, Bois Yve, Grosz E. A, and New Museum of Contemporary Art (New York, N.Y.), eds. Cadences: Icon and abstraction in context. New York: New Museum of Contemporary Art, 1991.
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Sangster, Gary. Cadences: Icon and Abstractions in Context. New Museum of Contemporary Art, 1991.
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3
Devetak, Richard. International Relations before Critical Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823568.003.0002.
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The chapter elaborates the post-war disciplinary context from which critical international theory emerged. While most accounts start with the so-called ‘third debate’, this chapter situates its emergence in the longer story of the rise in theory’s prestige in the social sciences. It tells the story of a series of disputes over method (Methodenstreit) that paved the way not just for higher levels of theoretical abstraction, and a never vanquished humanist challenge to the scientific outlook. It was during the 1950s that the persona of the theorist was first established in international relations. In the following decades, personae of the international relations theorist evolved through academic institutionalization of certain epistemic practices and technical capabilities modelled on behaviouralist and philosophy-of-science standards. The stage was thus set for a rival, namely, critical intellectual persona to emerge in opposition to both the humanist and scientific outlooks, but in continuity with the ever-higher orders of abstraction.
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Chakravartty, Anjan. Saving the Scientific Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0003.
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To a great extent, the recent renaissance in the metaphysics of science has been spurred by an interest in the nature of causal powers (dispositions, capacities, tendencies, etc.). In particular, a number of authors have made realism about powers a cornerstone of their interpretations of scientific knowledge (for example, in developing accounts of scientific realism, inter alia). Against the backdrop of an admiration for the explanatory power of powers in this domain, this paper strikes a cautionary note. Is the existence of irreducible powers a commitment that is entailed by taking scientific practice seriously? I consider two approaches to this question: the first concerning the putative requirement of dispositional properties in the context of scientific explanation; the second concerning the putative requirement of these properties in the context of scientific abstraction. Neither, I contend, entails an ontological commitment to powers. This negative, interim conclusion suggests that inferences to the existence of causal powers in scientific contexts are ultimately independent of the science adduced; rather; they are a function of substantive philosophical commitments regarding time-honored disputes between realists and empiricists more generally, about issues such as how trade-offs between ontological commitment and explanatory capacity are properly made. In the philosophical domain, however, the realist has an advantage. For realism about powers better accords with an arguably scientistic consideration of the identities of scientific properties. Thus, interim conclusion notwithstanding, it would seem that powers can do something important for the philosopher of science after all.
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Birtwistle, Andy. Meaning and Musicality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0009.
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The chapter critically reappraises the work of the British experimental filmmaker John Smith, drawing on analyses of key films and interview material to explore his use of sound, music and voice. Smith’s films often engage self-reflexively with how sound creates or accepts meaning within an audiovisual context. Influenced by structural film practice of the 1960s and 1970s, and underpinned by a Brechtian concern with the politics of representation, Smith’s often humorous work both foregrounds and deconstructs the sound-image relations at work in dominant modes of cinematic representation. This analysis of Smith’s work identifies the political dynamic of the filmmaker’s use of sound, and addresses what is at stake—for both Smith and his audience—in the self-reflexive concern with audiovisual modes of representation. Examined within this context are Smith’s creative focus on the production of meaning and how this relates to aspects of musicality and abstraction in his work.
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Henricks, Thomas S. The Social Life of Play. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039072.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the social life of play. As the patterning of human relationships, social context shapes play by offering behavioral formats or directives that both support and restrict our actions. Such directives are manifested in countless situations and at different levels of abstraction; they constitute the social reality of our lives. In that context, the chapter examines play as a “social construction of reality”—that is, a process of reality construction and maintenance. It discusses three levels of social reality: self-identity, social relationships, and social structure. It also considers George Herbert Mead's play and game stages of development, play as performance and presentation, Georg Simmel's play form of association, Erving Goffman's theory of frame utilization, social functions of play, and play's relationship to power and privilege. The chapter concludes by revisiting Pierre Bourdieu's argument that similarly situated groups of people develop their own tastes and style of life that afford them personal satisfaction and easeful interaction.
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Kockelman, Paul. Computation, Interpretation, and Mediation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.003.0006.
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The chapter shows the fundamental importance of ideas from computer science to the concerns of linguistic anthropology (and to the concerns of culture-rich and context-sensitive approaches to communication more generally). It reviews some of the key concepts and claims of computer science (language, recognition, automaton, Universal Turing Machine, and so forth). It argues that the sieve, as both a physical device and an analytic concept, is of fundamental importance not just to anthropology, but also to linguistics, biology, philosophy, and critical theory. And it argues that computers, as both engineered and imagined, are essentially text-generated and text-generating sieves. In relating computer science to linguistic anthropology, this chapter also attempts to build bridges between long-standing rivals: face to face interaction and mathematical abstraction, linguistic relativity and universal grammar, mediators and intermediaries.
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Scott, Charlotte. The Child in Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828556.001.0001.
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This book examines the child on Shakespeare’s stage. As a life force, an impassioned plea for justice, a legacy, history, memory, or image of love or violence, children are everywhere in Shakespeare’s plays. Focusing on Shakespeare’s unique interest in the young body, the life stage, the parental and social dynamic, this book offers the first sustained account of the role and representation of the child in Shakespeare’s dramatic imagination. Drawing on a vast range of contemporary texts, including parenting manuals, household and pedagogic texts, as well as books on nursing and maternity, childbirth and child rearing, Shakespeare’s Children explores the contexts in which the idea of the child is mobilized as a body and image on the early modern stage. Understanding the child, not only as a specific life stage, but also as a role and an abstraction of feeling, this book examines why Shakespeare, who showed little interest in writing for children in the playing companies, wrote so powerfully about them on his stage.
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King, Marcus Dubois, ed. Water and Conflict in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197552636.001.0001.
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This volume provides and understanding of water’s role in the Middle East’s current economic, political and environmental transformations which are set to continue in the near future in various geographical settings. In addition to examining water conflict from within the domestic contexts of Iraq, Yemen and Syria—all experiencing high levels of instability today—the contributors shed further light on how changing hydropolitics involving transboundary waters, including river basins, surface and groundwater, and strategic waterways will reconstruct the regional security architecture. Some chapters interrogate how competition over these water resources and vulnerabilities accelerated by factors such as poor governance, building of new water infrastructure, and excessive abstraction impact fragile states and societies in the Middle East and may precipitate or affect conflict. Ultimately, a common theme is the authors’ call for the urgent enactment of policies that can improve water governance in response to these resource challenges and forestall conflict over water and its attendant consequences.
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Stevenson, Jane. Chinese Wallpaper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808770.003.0009.
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In England modern taste was more often expressed by decorators than by architects. Thus interior decoration is the context in which new trends in art are absorbed and understood. A difficult concept which is visually expressed (this includes cubism, abstraction, and surrealism) can be and, if it is genuinely expressive of the moment, will be, reinterpreted as fashion and decor. The interface between interior decoration and fine art is further complicated between the wars by the number of artists who worked as designers. Women who needed to earn money tended to practise the applied and decorative arts, out of genuine affinity, or realism, or a combination of both. Undiluted modernism was very rare in England. Smart style was eclectic: baroque elements (e.g. Venetian mirrors, blackamoor torchères) were put together with eighteenth-century furniture and modern pictures.
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Henderson, Andrea. Invariant Forms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809982.003.0006.
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In the later nineteenth century formal regularity was regarded as the hallmark of mathematical and scientific inquiry as well as the burgeoning “social sciences” and the arts—all presumed to be governed by formal “laws.” But insofar as formal regularity was seen to characterize natural and civil law, it allowed for an equivocation between them, such that formal laws might be understood to be not an abstraction from but an imposition on content. Thus conceived, form and content could actually be at odds, and this would have important implications for the arts. In the context of linguistic and literary study, the structures of languages and literatures were often allied with formal law while individual words were perceived as rich in meaning but wayward. Max Müller’s philology, Coventry Patmore’s prosody and poetry, and Christina Rossetti’s poetry all present form and content as being in tension, locked in a struggle for domination.
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Greengrass, Mark. Montaigne and the Wars of Religion. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.9.
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Using examples of moments in the Essays where Montaigne says that he has “seen” something this article problematizes the relationship between the events of the Wars of Religion, those in Montaigne’s life, and his reflections in the Essays. The questions Montaigne chooses to reflect on, and how he does so, is more important than the abstraction of the references in the text, which can be construed as referring to incidents or phenomena during the period of the wars. The plasticity of his allusions (“civil wars,” “troubles,” etc.) furnishes the context for demonstrating why Montaigne’s view of religion meant that he could not regard the period as, in any simple way, “wars of religion.” His attitudes to attempts to bring about a pacification of the troubles through royal edict are analyzed. The article concludes with a brief examination of Montaigne’s public engagements as mayor of Bordeaux and in the wars of the Catholic League.
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Percy, Carol. Researching World Englishes in HEL Courses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611040.003.0021.
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This chapter describes assignments used to teach the History of the English Language (HEL) and its contemporary counterpart the English Language in the World. In both of these courses, linguistic concepts can be linked to literary analysis, which helps students learn how to analyze code-switching and/or style-shifting in the context of a literary argument. For discovering and interpreting issues about the status and use of English around the world, students have a number of options. For example, after reading specific articles about slang generally and analyzing examples chosen in class, some students choose to write a final essay on slang or jargon used within online newspapers or films that represent different World Englishes (e.g., in Nigerian “Nollywood” films). Thus, World Englishes become realer for students rather than exotic abstractions or curious variants of English or American English.
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Jones, James W. Living Religion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927387.001.0001.
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The modern tendency to separate theory and practice, reflection and contemplation, has done inestimable mischief to the life of religion in the modern world. Religion’s claims about God or the world or the nature and destiny of the human spirit have been ripped from their context in religious practice and treated as discrete doctrinal abstractions to be justified or refuted in isolation from the living religious life that is their natural home. Many of the dilemmas faced by those who think seriously about religion today arise from or are intensified by this separation of theory and practice. Trends in contemporary psychology, especially an emphasis on embodiment and relationality, can help the thoughtful religious person of any tradition by returning theory to practice and thereby opening up new avenues of religious knowing and new ways of justifying the commitment to a religiously lived life. This text moves between psychology (especially neuropsychology) and various forms of religious thought in order to demonstrate the validity of living the religiously informed life. This book argues that it is meaningful and reasonable to speak of a “spiritual sense” by discussing ways we can “sense” or “perceive” the reality of God and what that might mean for the religiously concerned person and how it might be understood psychologically and neurologically.
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Lorenzón, Emilio Eugenio. Sistemas y Organizaciones. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/99629.
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El objetivo de este libro es brindar al lector una herramienta para comprender mejor el funcionamiento del mundo complejo de las Organizaciones y de los sistemas, de diferentes naturalezas, que se encuentran inmersos en las mismas. Desarrollar un paradigma utilizando el concepto abstracto de sistema, en base a los principios que aporta la teoría general de sistemas (TGS), para la solución de los problemas que genera el cambio de la realidad en el funcionamiento dinámico de las Organizaciones. El libro se encuentra dividido en dos partes: La primera, “Teoría general de sistemas aplicada”, donde se fijan los fundamentos de la TGS, como el instrumento de entendimiento y solución a los efectos generados por las perturbaciones de contexto y la segunda, “Las Organizaciones su funcionamiento como Sistema”, donde se pone en práctica el enfoque sistémico, para poder comprender el funcionamiento dinámico del todo, la capacidad de adaptación para mantener el objetivo y la importancia que estos puntos tienen para mejorar los sistemas existentes o el diseño de los nuevos.
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Brazil, Kevin. Art, History, and Postwar Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824459.001.0001.
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Art, History, and Postwar Fiction explores the ways in which novelists responded to the visual arts from the aftermath of the Second World War up to the present day. If art had long served as a foil to enable novelists to reflect on their craft, this book argues that in the postwar period, novelists turned to the visual arts to develop new ways of conceptualizing the relationship between literature and history. The sense that the novel was becalmed in the end of history was pervasive in the postwar decades. In seeming to bring modernism to a climax whilst repeating its foundational gestures, visual art also raised questions about the relationship between continuity and change in the development of art. In chapters on Samuel Beckett, William Gaddis, John Berger, and W. G. Sebald, and shorter discussions of writers like Doris Lessing, Kathy Acker, and Teju Cole, this book shows that writing about art was often a means of commenting on historical developments of the period: the Cold War, the New Left, the legacy of the Holocaust. Furthermore, it argues that forms of postwar visual art, from abstraction to the readymade, offered novelists ways of thinking about the relationship between form and history that went beyond models of reflection or determination. By doing so, this book also argues that attention to interactions between literature and art can provide critics with new ways to think about the relationship between literature and history beyond reductive oppositions between formalism and historicism, autonomy and context.
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Boggs, Colleen Glenney. Patriotism by Proxy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863670.001.0001.
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Patriotism by Proxy develops a new understanding of the connections between American literature and American lives by focusing on a historic moment when the military transformed both. At the height of the Civil War in 1863, the Union instated the first-ever federal draft. Paired with the Emancipation Proclamation, the draft inaugurated new relationships between the nation and its citizens. A massive bureaucratic undertaking, the draft redefined the American people as a population. Equitable as the system was in theory, the draft laid bare social divisions, as wealthy draftees could hire substitutes to serve in their stead. A unique feature of the Civil War draft, substitutes reflect the transformation of how the state governed American life: the draft is the context in which American politics met and also transformed into a new kind of biopolitics. Replicating the core assumption of representative democracy that enables one person to stand in as a political proxy for another, the substitute took the place of the draftee and stood in uneasy relationship to the volunteer. Censorship and the suspension of habeas corpus prohibited free discussions over the draft’s significance, making literary devices and genres the primary means for deliberating over the changing meanings of political representation and citizenship. Assembling an extensive textual and visual archive, Patriotism by Proxy examines the draft as a cultural formation that operated at the nexus of political abstraction and embodied specificity, where the definition of national subjectivity was negotiated in the interstices of what it means to be a citizen-soldier.
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Barnes, SJ, Michael. Waiting on Grace. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842194.001.0001.
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Whereas much theology of religions regards ‘the other’ as a problem to be solved, this book begins with a Church called to witness to its faith in a multicultural world by practising a generous yet risky hospitality. A theology of dialogue takes its rise from the Christian experience of being-in-dialogue. Taking its rise from the biblical narrative of encounter, call, and response, such a theology cannot be fully understood without reference to the matrix of faith that Christians share in complex ways with the Jewish people. The contemporary experience of the Shoah, the dominating religious event of the twentieth century, has complexified that relationship and left an indelible mark on the religious sensibility of both Jews and Christians. Engaging with a range of thinkers, from Heschel, Levinas, and Edith Stein who were all deeply affected by the Shoah, to Metz, Panikkar, and Rowan Williams, who are always pressing the limits of what can and cannot be said with integrity about the self-revealing Word of God, this book shows how Judaism is a necessary, if not sufficient, source of Christian self-understanding. What is commended by this foundational engagement is a hope-filled ‘waiting on grace’ made possible by virtues of empathy and patience. A theology of dialogue focuses not on metaphysical abstractions but on biblical forms of thought about God’s presence to human beings which Christians share with Jews and, under the continuing guidance of the Spirit of Christ, learn to adapt to a whole range of contested cultural and political contexts.
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Hyman, Wendy Beth. Impossible Desire and the Limits of Knowledge in Renaissance Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837510.001.0001.
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Impossible Desire and the Limits of Knowledge in Renaissance Poetry examines the limits of embodiment, knowledge, and representation at disregarded nexus: the erotic carpe diem poem in early modern England. These macabre seductions offer no compliments or promises, but instead focus on the lovers’ anticipated decline, and—quite stunningly given the Reformation context—humanity’s relegation not to a Christian afterlife but to a Marvellian “desert of vast Eternity.” In this way, a poetic trope whose classical form was an expression of pragmatic Epicureanism became, during the religious upheaval of the Reformation, an unlikely but effective vehicle for articulating religious doubt. Its ambitions were thus largely philosophical, and came to incorporate investigations into the nature of matter, time, and poetic representation. Renaissance seduction poetry invited their auditors to participate in a dangerous intellectual game, one whose primary interest was expanding the limits of knowledge. The book theorizes how Renaissance lyric’s own fragile relationship to materiality and time, and its self-conscious relationship to making, made it uniquely situated to conceptualize such “impossible” metaphysical and representational problems. Although attentive to poetics, Impossible Desire also challenges the commonplace view that the erotic invitation is exclusively a lyric mode. Carpe diem’s revival in post-Reformation Europe portends its radicalization, as debates between man and maid are dramatized in disputes between abstractions like chastity and material facts like death. Offered here is thus a theoretical reconsideration of the generic parameters and aspirations of the carpe diem trope, wherein questions about embodiment and knowledge are also investigations into the potentialities of literary form.
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Mora Forero, Cira Inés, ed. Diseño, pensamiento y creación: encuentros reflexivos. Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/9789587252996.
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Este libro es el resultado de reflexiones académicas que han caracterizado a la Escuela de Diseño de Producto y son espejo de su sistema democrático de organización y gestión en torno a los campos de estudio declarados, los cuales son objeto de nuestro enfoque en los asuntos de formación, investigación e investigación-creación, proyectos que inciden sobre el desarrollo social y comunidades locales e internacionales con las cuales apalancamos nuestro pensamiento y perspectiva del y sobre el diseño. La Escuela y sus diversidades consagradas en los perfiles de profesoras y profesores resultan en temáticas sobre las cuales profundizamos. Igualmente, ponen en evidencia las sensibilidades sociales, culturales y políticas que resaltan nuestra apuesta educativa, la cual consideramos amplifica el pensamiento de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, más específicamente al construido en la Facultad de Artes y Diseño, pensamiento que como mecanismo discursivo genera una identidad y contexto propicio para las diferentes conexiones que desarrollamos con las realidades del país y nuestro compromiso con su abordaje. En este libro, los lectores podrán hacer un viaje por teorías, prácticas y laboratorios que, desde el punto de vista abstracto, se convierten en experiencias pedagógicas particulares, que finalmente se consolidan en dispositivos de formación que integran comunidades distintas y que proyectan a través de lo curricular, modos y formas de acción directa. Por lo anterior, con este texto nos complace ampliar el panorama académico del diseño con los acentos propuestos en él; para que nuestra huella permita ser camino, opción y discusión en las cuestiones propias del diseño en un tiempo en el que reconocemos la permeabilidad de las fronteras disciplinares, profesionales, de creación e investigación que nos permiten andar apoyados por territorios más complejos de pensamiento, emoción y formación.