Academic literature on the topic 'Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances'
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Journal articles on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Tatiana, Roshchupkina. "Cognitive violations of persons with alcoholic encephalopathy and paroxismal states." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 6(33) (November 29, 2019): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2019.185782.
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The article addresses the issues of cognitive impairment among persons with alcohol dependence, aggravated by alcoholic encephalopathy and paroxysmal conditions. The <strong>aim</strong> of the study was to identify the levels of impaired short-term memory, to identify cognitive impairment of patients with alcohol addiction with alcoholic encephalopathy and paroxysmal conditions. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> 132 people from the contingent of alcohol addicts (AА) and from the contingent of healthy and 4 comparison groups have been identified and examined over the two years on the basis of KNP CHOR «Regional Clinical Narcological Hospital No. 3». The following techniques were used to assess psychosocial and cognitive impairment: “Jacobson Short-Term Memory Measurement Technique”; "The methodology for determining the index of short-term memory proposed by L. S. Muchnik and V. M. Smirnov (1968)". <strong>Result.</strong> According to the results of the researches, the cognitive and mnemonic sphere of persons with AА, AE and PS were expressed in the form of significant reduction of short-term memory and cognitive impairment. The presence of significantly "deeper" and "gross" degenerative-organic lesions of the central nervous system in chronic alcoholic lesions with the development of alcoholic encephalopathy and paroxysmal states of alcoholic genesis has been proved. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>Thus, the obtained research results only confirm the data of numerous world sources on the development of cognitive decline in individuals with alcohol dependence
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Kempińska, Urszula, and Mykola Rudenko. "Alcohol in the lives of students in Poland and Ukraine - research report." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 4, no. 1 (2017): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4987.
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Alcoholism is a disease that attacks regardless of age, religion, nationality, sex, level of education, mental health, family situation, socio-economic status or character. Research on students' attitudes towards alcohol was carried out in Poland and Ukraine, in the countries where there is widespread positive feedback on its effects. In wide social circles put to the survey, alcohol consumption is a tradition taking place during different celebrations or almost every meeting. In addition, the use of alcohol means a quick drink up of large quantities of strong alcoholic drinks. This way of drinking does not function as a symbol of the meeting or its background, but becomes the center and the main reason. Alcohol used by teens generally does not cause surprise or concern. Many communities treat alcohol drunk in childhood, as natural and inevitable. It sometimes happens that young people and even children receive the first can of beer or a glass of champagne from the hands of their own parents. Until recently, public awareness of the phenomenon of using psychoactive substances has related to the margin of society, people from the so-called pathological and criminal environments. A little later there were reports that the alcohol and other drugs are in the range of interests of adolescents, coming from "good homes" and having good future prospects. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian students towards alcohol. The main problem of the research focused on the question: Is there a difference in the attitudes of young people towards alcohol because of the country of origin? Research shows that among the students there is a problem of alcohol abuse. We must therefore start to implement effectively, not just "on paper", alcohol prevention programs already in primary schools.
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Abramov, S., V. Nazymok, and V. Golubeva. "THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ADDICTION AMONG UKRAINIAN STUDENTS." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(192) (May 24, 2025): 186–89. https://doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2025.05(192).41.
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Youth drug addiction and alcoholism are still a pressing problem today, despite the work being done with students to prevent drug abuse and suppress illegal trafficking, as well as alcohol consumption. Recently, there has been a high increase in the incidence of alcoholism among young people. The number of young people suffering from alcoholism is 20.7% per 100 thousand of the population. It is believed that alcoholism and drug addiction, caused in some cases by the use of low-alcohol drinks, as well as modern psychotropic substances - spice, are more common in adolescence and young age than in adulthood. This is due to the fact that this category is more vulnerable, immature, their body is more sensitive and therefore the risk of becoming an alcoholic or drug addict increases. Modern scientists develop in great detail the explanation of the emergence of alcohol and drug addiction and identify three main groups of drug addiction factors: sociological, biological and psychological. The problem of drug addiction has reached its peak in Ukraine. This is confirmed by the data provided in the National Strategy of Ukraine on Drugs for the period until 2020): the ratio of the number of drug addicts in Ukraine remains 33 people per 10 thousand population, which significantly exceeds the level in most civilized countries of the world. The low effectiveness of preventive work, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts remains a serious problem. Of particular danger is the drug trafficking of heroin and cocaine through the territory of Ukraine to the countries of the European Union, the growth of drug trafficking and corruption, the growth of illegal trafficking of synthetic drugs, and the rejuvenation of drug users. This problem also greatly affects such a segment of the population as students, starting from the first and ending with the last years.
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Putra, La Ode Muhammad Ricard Zeldi, Mashendra Mashendra, Agusalim Agusalim, Ernawati Ernawati, and Nasrin Nasrin. "SOSIALISASI DAMPAK MINUMAN BERALKOHOL KEPADA PELAJAR SMA NEGERI 6 PASARWAJO KABUPATEN BUTON." SWARNA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2023): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/swarna.v2i1.282.
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Alcoholic drinks are drinks that contain ethanol. Ethanol is a psychoactive substance and its consumption causes loss of consciousness. According to WHO, alcohol is a psychotropic substance that is often abused. The abuse of alcohol in liquor in society is no longer the first incident to occur but has become a growing problem, especially among adolescents and tends to increase from year to year. Alcohol abuse also results in several forms of social problems such as fights, juvenile delinquency, immoral acts and even teenagers who then increasingly have no norms and tend to find it difficult to control their emotions. For example, for students of SMA Negeri 6 Pasarwajo, Buton Regency, the importance of socialization in terms of controlling and eradicating alcoholic beverages among students, especially at SMA Negeri 6 Pasarwajo, Buton Regency, in this study used the socialization method, namely counseling or giving explanations to students of SMA Negeri 6 Pasarwajo about impact of consuming liquor for students.
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Matelong, Elijah Kibiego Cherus, Emily Choge, and Stephen Njure. "Assessing teachings of the Roman Catholic Church in addressing the 'second generation' alcohol abuse in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya." Journal of Technology & Socio-Economic Development 11, no. 1 (2023): 218–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8302816.
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This paper examines the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church in addressing the “second generation” alcohol abuse in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The emerging phenomenon of SGA and its abuse by some RCC believers in Uasin Gishu County necessitated this study. Structural Functional Theory by Emile Durkheim and Symbolic Interaction Theory by George Herbert Mead were used to guide the study. The study targeted the Roman Catholic believers, especially clergy, brewers, addicts, and reformed addicts, rehabilitation counselors and Alcoholic Drinks Control Board members. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 11 informants. Interview Guide and Observation Schedule were used to collect data, which were eventually cleaned and organized. Data was analyzed by discussing information within the context of the study. The following were the key findings of the study: RCC through Pioneer Total Abstinence to Alcohol (PTAA) movement advocates abstinence on all forms of alcohol but some of their teachings and world views of alcohol consumption moderation contradicts in each other. This study concludes that there is a gap, where little is known of SGA (Busaa and Chang’aa) to inform their teachings as comparable to other licit alcohol and therefore recommends the following: the teachings of abstinence by PTAA should be embraced and taught from RCC pulpit; the RCC should have debating engagement with other religious organizations on SGA to inform their teachings; at the policy level, NACADA and county governments should partner with religious organizations among other stakeholders to foster understanding on emerging SGA and substance abuse through National and Regional conferences to build their capacities.
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M, Vishnupriya, Anita Sharma, and Sasmita Tripathy. "PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION THROUGH AYURVEDA – A REVIEW ARTICLE." November 2020 08, no. 11 (2020): 5111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2308112020.
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Addiction is the repeated involvement with a substance or activity, despite the substantial harm it now causes, because that involvement was pleasurable and or valuable. Alcohol is commonly abused due to easy access and the lack of stigma around binge drinking. According to WHO, globally 3.3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol. Over the past 30-40 years, increasing percentages of young people have started to drink alcoholic beverages, their alcohol consumption has increased in quantity and frequency and the age at which drinking starts has declined. Alcoholism is considered as a disease and al-cohol a disease agent, which causes intoxication, cirrhosis, gastritis, pancreatitis etc. It is also an important aetiologic factor in suicide, accidents and injuries. Beyond health consequences, the harmful use of alcohol brings significant social and economic losses to individuals, society at large. Alcoholism prevention is a proactive approach to avoid the adverse effects of alcohol abuse. Prevention should be directed towards developing a healthier lifestyles and mental stability. Ayurveda laid its basement over prevention and main-taining health through right-diet, lifestyles and thinking. It gives emphasis for both body and mind and ex-plained Aahara, Sadvritta, Achara Rasayana, Yoga etc through which one can attain stability of both body and mind. From an early stage of life, if one follows these, can master their minds, guide his life and never be a victim of any kind of Addiction.
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Bhatta, Shishir, Manish Raj Sapkota, Sujita Shrestha, and Rabindra Man Shrestha. "Substance Abuse among Students in a Dental School." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 214 (2018): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3900.
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Introduction: Substance abuse has become a burning issue among the medical and dental students. Dental students, who later transform into dentists, have a significant role in substance abuse cessation. Thus the study was undertaken to quantify substance abuse among dental students of Kantipur Dental College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire among undergraduate and post graduate students of Kantipur Dental College. Convenience sampling was done and sample size was calculated.Results: Study revealed 166 (74.10%) as never smokers, 3 (1.30%) as former smokers and 55 (24.60%) as current smokers. Similarly 97 (43.3%) students never used alcoholic drink, 95 (42.41%) consumed alcohol monthly, 29 (12.95%) consumed alcohol 2-4 times a month and 3 (1.34%) consumed alcohol 2-3 times a week. A total of 78 (35%) students used cannabis.Conclusions: Substantial numbers of students were indulged in deleterious habits of smoking, tobacco and cannabis intake. Students need to be properly counseled to discourage substance abuse and create a healthy society.
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Осинцева, Аліна. "Організаційно-правове вивчення стану формування, розвитку та розповсюдження полінаркоманії у світі та в Україні". SSP Modern Pharmacy and Medicine 1, № 2 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53933/sspmpm.v1i2.26.
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Over the past decade, the dynamics of the prevalence of substance abuse with various classification and legal groups, the growth of illegal circulation of psychoactive substances, falsification of psychoactive alcoholic beverages, alcohol, delinquency and polydrug abuse have become almost epidemic, with combined abuse of psychoactive substances registered mainly among young people. The goal or the study was to review scientific sources on the current state of the problem of formation, development and spread of polydrug abuse in the world and in Ukraine on the principles of medical and pharmaceutical law. To achieve this goal, the methods of regulatory, documentary, comparative, graphical and tabular analysis were used. A review of scientific observations of scientists from around the world and Ukraine found that in the initial stages of polydrug addiction begins with the simultaneous use of psychoactive substances such as alcohol (ethyl alcohol), psychoactive alcohol-containing liquids, beer, psychoactive drugs, tobacco. Explained that the simultaneous (combined, consistent) use of psychoactive substances of different classification and legal groups and psychoactive alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, beer, psychoactive drugs are widespread among different contingents in the early stages of formation and development of polydrug addiction. Established that the most common alcoholic beverage is beer, which contains a combination of several psychoactive substances, so beer addiction is actually a polydrug addiction, it forms and develops faster, and its pharmaceutical correction is more difficult.
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Pabst, Alexander, Ludwig Kraus, Daniela Piontek, and Stefanie Mueller. "Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Time Trends in Alcohol Consumption in the German Adult Population." SUCHT 56, no. 5 (2010): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000046.
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Aims: To estimate independent age, period, and cohort effects on time trends in alcohol volume and episodic heavy drinking in Germany. Method: Data from six waves of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) between 1995 and 2009 were used. The analytical sample comprised n = 34,542 individuals aged 18 to 64 years with at least one drinking occasion in the last 30 days. Alcohol volume was derived from beverage-specific quantity frequency questions. Episodic heavy drinking was specified as the number of days with five or more alcoholic drinks at a single occasion. Results: On average across age and cohort groups, alcohol consumption has considerably declined over the last 15 years. Cohort effects indicate a decline in alcohol volume from the 1940s to the 1970s birth cohort groups and a steep increase in younger cohorts. Moreover, cohorts born after 1980 were found to drink more often to intoxication than older cohorts. Age variations in trends were rather small compared to period and cohort effects. Conclusions: Despite the steady declining trend in alcohol consumption in the German general population, there is a tendency toward riskier drinking patterns among the youngest cohorts. This underlines the need for alcohol policy measures.
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Gururajan, Mohan. "A Study on Drinking Motives Among College Students in Chennai City A Cross Sectional Exploratory Survey." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 1 (2018): 442–56. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18999.
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A STUDY ON DRINKING MOTIVES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN CHENNAI CITY A CROSS SECTIONAL EXPLORATORY SURVEYAuthor Gururajan Mohan, MPHIL SOCIOLOGY ,PUDUCHERRYEmail murse4u.guru@gmail.comAbstractPurposeIn India, drinking seems to be a male habit and considered to be a major public health issue. Drinking among college students continues to be a considerable problem College students often face novel social situations in a context of heightened accessibility to alcohol and frequent promotion of excessive drinking Ham and Hope, 2003 .Excessive drinking among college students is associated with damaged property, poor class attendance, hangovers, trouble with authorities, and injuries Wechsler et al., 2000 Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, andCastillo, 1994 . Alcohol consumption is prevalent among college students, and there are many reasons for its use and abuse Luhtanen and Crocker, 2005 . However, for successful efforts to limit premature and excessive drinking among adolescents it is necessary to understand the antecedents and etiology of drinking behavior.In this regard, the motivation for engaging in drinking is one importantaspect.ObjectivesThe study carries following objectives To identify the drinking motives among the male college students in the Metro politan City To identify academic performance among male college students in Metro politan city To compare the level of drinking motive with demographic variable MethodologyA cross sectional exploratory descriptive design was used in this study. In this present study, data were collected from 74 students studying in three colleges in Chennai. Students from each college were chosen on purposive sampling from three colleges were included in this study. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised DMQ-R Cooper,1994 was used to assess principal reasons for alcohol use. This 20 item, four factor measure assesses enhancement e.g., "because it gives you a pleasant feeling" , social e.g., "to celebrate a special occasion with friends" ,conformity e.g., "to fit in with a group you like" , and coping e.g., "to forget about your problems" motives for drinking. Participants indicate on a 5 point scale ranging from 1 almost never never to 5 almost always always the frequency with which they drink for each reason. Subscale scores are thencomputed by averaging the ratings across each of the five items related to each factor. The DMQ-R evidences good internal consistency e.g., s .91, 91, .79, .81 for enhancement, social, conformity, and coping, respectively in the present sample , and validity, and has been successfully utilized in priorresearch with adolescents Comeau, Stewart, and Loba, 2001 Dixon, Leen Feldner, Ham, Feldner, and Lewis, 2009 Kuntsche et al., 2008 .Results MAJOR FINDINGS 18 20 age group n=47 had more drinking problems compared to other age groups 43.2 percent students who drinks alcohol belongs to 701 900 marks category39.2 percent of samples who drinks belong to first order of birthMajority of students 91.9 percent lived with parent during data collection Social motive and coping motive were the top motives for the alcohol consumption followed by enhancement and confirmatory drinkNone of the demographic variable had association with the drinking motivesConclusion Our findings strongly support motivational approaches to understanding problem drinking among college students and are consistent with previous research in showing drinking motives to be a crucial determinant of college student drinking. Enhancement, coping and confirmatory motive seemed to bethe most important factor in Chennai students drinking behavior.These findings have several implications for public health research and interventions. There is need for a continued focus on individual Enhancement, coping and confirmatory motive reasons for drinking in adolescents and young adults in substance use prevention programs. Alcohol motives are likely to havebeen shaped by other indirect and distal forces such as availability and the media. For example, television scenes that glamorize its use or incorporate strong symbolic meaning, such as rebellion against prejudice, while featuring alcohol may cause young people to initiate and continue drinking. Research that offers a better understanding of psycho social and environmental factors associated with alcohol use behavior among the younger population in Chennai is urgently needed. Gururajan Mohan "A Study on Drinking Motives Among College Students in Chennai City-A Cross Sectional Exploratory Survey" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18999.pdf
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Weafer, Jessica Jane. "ATTENTIONAL BIAS AND ALCOHOL ABUSE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/6.
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Selective attention towards alcohol-related cues (i.e., “attentional bias”) is thought to reflect increased incentive motivational value of alcohol and alcohol cues acquired through a history of heavy alcohol use, and as such attentional bias is considered to be a clinically relevant factor contributing to alcohol use disorders. This dissertation consists of two studies that investigated specific mechanisms through which attentional bias might serve to promote alcohol abuse. Study 1 compared magnitude of attentional bias in heavy (n = 20) and light (n = 20) drinkers following placebo and two doses of alcohol (0.45 g/kg and 0.65 g/kg). Heavy drinkers displayed significantly greater attentional bias than did moderate drinkers following placebo. However, heavy drinkers displayed a dose-dependent decrease in response to alcohol. Individual differences in attentional bias under placebo were associated with both self-reported and laboratory alcohol consumption, yet bias following alcohol administration did not predict either measure of consumption. These findings suggest that attentional bias is strongest before a drinking episode begins, and as such might be most influential in terms of initiation of alcohol consumption. Study 2 addressed theoretical accounts regarding potential reciprocal interactions between attentional bias and inhibitory control that might promote excessive alcohol consumption. Fifty drinkers performed a measure of attentional bias and a novel task that measures the degree to which alcohol-related stimuli can increase behavioral activation and reduce the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses. As hypothesized, inhibitory failures were significantly greater following alcohol images compared to neutral images. Further, heightened attentional bias was associated with greater response activation following alcohol images. These findings suggest that alcohol stimuli serve to disrupt mechanisms of behavioral control, and that heightened attentional bias is associated with greater disruption of control mechanisms following alcohol images. Taken together, these studies provide strong evidence of an association between attentional bias in sober individuals and alcohol consumption, suggesting a pronounced role of attentional bias in initiation of consumption. Further, findings show that attention to alcohol cues can serve to disrupt mechanisms of inhibitory control that might be necessary to regulate drinking behavior, suggesting a potential means through which attentional bias might promote consumption.
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Mhlongo, Mpumelelo Marcel. "African university students, the five factor model, and parental bonding : prediction of alcohol use." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/322.
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Thesis (M.Ed.) (Clinical Psychology) --University of Limpopo, 2008.<br>There is a considerable literature linking aspects of personality, parenting, and risk behaviors such as alcohol abuse. Three hundred African university students participated in a study of the relationship between personality, assessed with the NEO PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and alcohol use. Personality traits did not predict alcohol use among the students. It was also predicted that the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) would mediate the relationship between personality and alcohol use. Results of the current study revealed no significant relationship between parenting and alcohol use. The results are discussed with regards the use of the NEO PI-R’s validity in the population used.
Keyword: Five Factor Model; Parental bonding; Abstainers; Moderate drinkers; Heavy drinkers.<br>N/A
Books on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Drink: The Intimate Relationship Between Women and Alcohol. HarperCollins Publishers, 2013.
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Johnston, Ann Dowsett. Drink: The Intimate Relationship Between Women and Alcohol. HarperCollins Publishers, 2013.
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Drink: The Intimate Relationship Between Women and Alcohol. HarperCollins Publishers, 2014.
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Johnston, Ann Dowsett. Drink: The Intimate Relationship Between Women and Alcohol. HarperCollins Publishers, 2014.
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McKinney, Christy, and Raul Caetano. Substance Use and Race and Ethnicity. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.011.
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Patterns of alcohol and drug use vary across race/ethnicity and according to type of alcohol or drug use. Notable differences across race/ethnicity exist for estimates of current drinking, level of drinking, binge drinking, alcohol abuse and/or dependence, beverage preference, driving while under the influence of alcohol, illicit drug use, alcohol or drug treatment, and alcohol-related adverse outcomes. Across race/ethnicity, substance use varies over sex, age, time, and level of acculturation. Although this variation is often similar across race/ethnicity (e.g., men drink more than women, the young more than the old), the magnitude of these differences is greater among some race/ethnicity groups. Race/ethnicity also plays a key role in substance use-related outcomes; some groups experience a disproportionate burden of alcohol-related ailments such as certain cancers, comorbid psychiatric conditions, or violence.
Book chapters on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Cunradi, Carol B. "Substance Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence." In Intimate Partner Violence. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179323.003.0013.
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Abstract Alcohol and substance abuse are very prevalent in society, especially among males and young adults. In 2003, approximately half of all Americans 12 years of age or older were current drinkers, and nearly one in 10 were current drug users. The etiologic role of alcohol in the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) has not yet been established. However, high rates of hazardous drinking have been noted among perpetrators and victims of IPV; high rates of IPV perpetration and victimization have been found in individuals who drink at hazardous levels. Studies have shown that alcohol and drug use are associated with the level of severity of IPV and injury.
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Harris, James C., and Joseph T. Coyle. "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder." In Harris' Developmental Neuropsychiatry: The Interface with Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, 2nd ed., edited by James C. Harris and Joseph T. Coyle. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199928118.003.0019.
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Abstract Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often goes undiagnosed. Importantly, alcohol exposure during the prenatal period is preventable. The recommended prevention guideline is that there is no safe amount of alcohol to drink in any trimester of pregnancy. The manifestations of gestational substance abuse with alcohol are highly correlated with extent of alcohol use, maternal health, postnatal adversity, and genetic factors. The most debilitating consequence of prenatal exposure to alcohol is injury to the central nervous system. It is manifest in intellectual, neurological, and behavioral abnormalities. This chapter describes the history, epidemiology, diagnosis and classification, clinical features, natural history, etiology (genetics), neuroimaging, associated mental and behavioral disorders, and treatment of FASD.
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Winger, Gail, James H. Woods, and Frederick G. Hofmann. "Introduction." In A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172782.003.0001.
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Abstract The terms are widely used: drug abuse, drug addiction, drug dependence. The images are sometimes stark and sad, but distant: groups of young men, hanging out on the corner in poorer sections of the city, selling bags of cocaine or heroin to all comers, rich and poor, brown, black, and white, male and female, most young but some not so young. Or the unkempt man of indeterminate age who panhandles to buy cheap alcohol and then sleeps off the effects huddled in a doorway off the street. Other images may come closer to home: youngsters who gather for all-night parties, dancing, taking drugs, and getting high with their friends; high school students who smoke marijuana every day before gym class; the popular, hard-working neighbor who drinks a six-pack of beer every night, or two martinis and three glasses of wine, and goes to bed as drunk as the homeless man on the street. Or the friend, brother, or spouse who has tried for years to stop smoking but has consistently failed. What these people have in common is that, to a greater or lesser extent, their behavior is controlled by a chemical substance.
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Griep, Mark A., and Marjorie L. Mikasen. "A Master/Slave Narrative: Drug Addiction and Psychoactives." In ReAction! Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195326925.003.0009.
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All addictive chemicals are psychoactive, but not all psychoactive compounds are addictive although they can be abused. Notable non-addictive psychoactive compounds are hallucinogens and the many mood-altering drugs marketed for depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and so forth. This chapter’s movies were chosen for the variety of psychoactive substances used by characters. They all show either drug abuse or addiction. The first few times that someone chooses to take a potentially addictive drug, they experience a rapid-onset pleasurable response followed by a slower onset, longer lasting dark side called withdrawal (Koob and Le Moal 2006; Grens 2007). Chronic use and bingeing lead to “tolerance” such that the euphoric effects are diminished even as the dose is increased. A person is said to be addicted to a drug when he or she seeks out the drug to avoid the dark side more than to induce its bright side. The bright and dark emotional and biochemical responses of euphoria, tolerance, and withdrawal are associated with a set of nerves called the “reward system” that lie at the top of the brainstem, buried deep within the human brain. We inherited these neurons from our earliest vertebrate ancestors. They are normally stimulated when we quench our thirst, stave off hunger, engage in sexual behavior, or participate in a host or other pleasurable activities. Repeated use of addictive drugs triggers the synthesis of proteins in the brain that cause anxiety or depression. Therefore, one promising line of research is to lessen the effects of withdrawal by finding other small molecules (therapeutic drugs) that bind to the receptors for the anxiety-producing or depression-inducing compounds. The “big three” legally addictive substances are nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine. About three-quarters (76%) of Americans over the age of 12 have smoked at least one cigarette in their lifetime, and 19% of Americans over the age of 12 smoke every day. From this we can calculate that 25% of users are addicted (=19%/76%), the highest addiction rate for any substance. With regard to alcohol, 51% of Americans are regular, moderate drinkers, 23% are binge drinkers, and 7% are heavy drinkers.
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Fentiman, Linda C. "Drug Use by Pregnant Women." In Blaming Mothers. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814724828.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the use of drugs—both legal and illegal–by pregnant women, noting increased medical and legal supervision of pregnancy and women’s substance use and abuse. Many states require health care professionals to report pregnant women who admit to, or are suspected of, using alcohol or other drugs. The result can be involuntary detention commitment for “treatment.” Women have been prosecuted for homicide after they suffer a stillbirth despite weak evidence that the stillbirth was caused by drug use. Prosecution of these women is counterproductive, because it drives pregnant drug users underground, away from both prenatal care and drug treatment.
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"opportunities. Yet, statistics suggest that adolescent girls have ironi-cally found a way of achieving parity with their male counterparts. It is through their entry to the use and abuse of chemicals. It could be stated that drugs have become an artificial means of achieving em-powerment. • Since 1991, there is little difference in the rate of alcohol and il-licit drug use among eighth grade girls and boys. For some drugs, eighth grade girls have even higher rates of usage (e.g., inhalants and stimulants. (1995 Monitoring the Future Survey) (MTFS). • Heavy drinking has increased significantly among young, employed women over the last 40 years in the United States. As many as 16% of these women may be consuming three to five drinks per day (CASA, 1996; US Dept. of Health & Human Ser-vices, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1991). • In 1995, nearly one-tenth of eighth grade girls were current smokers, the same rate for eighth grade boys (CASA, 1995). • Young women between the ages of 16 and 22 are more likely to smoke cigarettes than their male counterparts (US Dept. of Health & Human Services, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1991). • From 1991 to 1995, the rate of past-month marijuana use among eighth grade girls has risen slightly faster than the rate among boys during the same period, (MTFS, 1995). • Today's daughters are 15 times likelier than their mothers to be-gin using illegal drugs by the age of 15 (CASA, 1996, p. 2). The rise in the statistics for females is compelling in relation to the prevention dollars that have been spent in the last 20 years. Drug Use as a Metaphor of Independence and Dependence However, to view use of a substance as a solution to a problem casts a different shadow upon our understanding of the motivating forces to use and abuse chemicals in our society. This in turn presents a whole new interpretation of risk and prevention. In a profound twist, sub-stance abuse can be seen as a symptom that is "socially useful" or functional in our society. The symptom is a metaphorical expression of and response to cultural ailments. Addiction is an attempt at its remedy (Barrett, 1992). It can be best understood as an adaptation to one's environment (Peele, 1989), albeit a poor one. In this framework,." In Family Systems/Family Therapy. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203725184-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Darie, Cristina, Mihai Terpan, Alexia Balta, et al. "DUAL DIAGNOSIS. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE SPECTRUM DISORDERS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.20.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: According to the studies, a quarter of people who drink alcohol suffer at least one depressive episode in their lifetime. It has also been found that one-third of people who suffer from depression, abusively consume psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, as a form of self-healing. Aim: In this retrospective study, we propose to statistically quantify the relationship between alcohol-related mental and behavioural illnesses and depression spectrum disorders. Method: The retrospective study was conducted on a group of hospitalized patients, between January 1st and June 30th, 2018, at "Elisabeta Doamna" Psychiatric Hospital, in Galati, Romania. For diagnosis we used the ICD-10 (The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. (Clinical description, diagnostic guidelines and psychometric tests, such as HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Patients were selected among those who had a combination of mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol and depressive spectrum disorders. Results: Between January 1st and June 30th, 2018, a quarter of total 6316 hospitalized patients, or 24.79% (1566 patients) were diagnosed with alcohol-related disorders, and 5.4% (341 cases) had a dual diagnosis, with alcohol-related disorders associated with depressive elements. During this 6-month period, of all cases of alcohol-related disorders, it was found that approximately 22% had a dual diagnosis, respectively, the combination of alcohol-related disorders with depressive spectrum disorders or depressive elements. Conclusions: Unfortunately, it is estimated that depression will become a secondary cause of disability worldwide after cardiovascular disease. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), this disease affects more than 320 million people worldwide, and its combination with alcohol abuse is alarming. Therefore, patients with dual diagnosis require a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach to reduce or even neutralize the adverse consequences that may occur in the psycho-social, medical, family, economic, or behavioural context.
Reports on the topic "Abuse of alcoholic drinks and alcohol-containing substances"
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Schulz, Florian, Jörg Wolstein, and Henriette Engelhardt-Wölfler. The choice of indicators influences conclusions about the educational gradient of sex-specific alcohol consumption. OPUS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-55267.
Full textAbstract:
There has been considerable public interest in reports on harmful alcohol consumption of higher educated females. This study assesses the robustness of this finding with representative German data using ten different indicators of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse from 2012. 4,225 females and 3,239 males represent the German population aged 18–64. It presents ten indicators of alcohol consumption by sex and education and provides group specific means and 95 %-confidence intervals. The main results are: (1) Higher educated males and females are drinking alcohol more frequently than lower educated males and females. (2) When drinking, higher educated males and females tend to drink less alcohol than lower educated males and females. (3) Only when using an indicator for hazardous alcohol consumption with different thresholds for males and females, the results indicate a pattern that significantly exposes hazardous alcohol consumption in the group of higher educated females. Concerning the choice of indicators, this study shows that sex-specific threshold-based indicators of alcohol consumption may lead to different conclusions as the majority of other indicators.