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Journal articles on the topic 'Abyssal Circulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Cessi, Paola. "The Global Overturning Circulation." Annual Review of Marine Science 11, no. 1 (2019): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095241.

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In this article, I use the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean version 4 (ECCO4) reanalysis to estimate the residual meridional overturning circulation, zonally averaged, over the separate Atlantic and Indo-Pacific sectors. The abyssal component of this estimate differs quantitatively from previously published estimates that use comparable observations, indicating that this component is still undersampled. I also review recent conceptual models of the oceanic meridional overturning circulation and of the mid-depth and abyssal stratification. These theories show that dynamics in

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2

Spence, Paul, Erik van Sebille, Oleg A. Saenko, and Matthew H. England. "Using Eulerian and Lagrangian Approaches to Investigate Wind-Driven Changes in the Southern Ocean Abyssal Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 2 (2013): 662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0108.1.

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Abstract This study uses a global ocean eddy-permitting climate model to explore the export of abyssal water from the Southern Ocean and its sensitivity to projected twenty-first-century poleward-intensifying Southern Ocean wind stress. The abyssal flow pathways and transport are investigated using a combination of Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques. In an Eulerian format, the equator- and poleward flows within similar abyssal density classes are increased by the wind stress changes, making it difficult to explicitly diagnose changes in the abyssal export in a meridional overturning circulatio

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3

Ruan, Xiaozhou, and Jörn Callies. "Mixing-Driven Mean Flows and Submesoscale Eddies over Mid-Ocean Ridge Flanks and Fracture Zone Canyons." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 1 (2020): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0174.1.

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AbstractTo close the abyssal overturning circulation, dense bottom water has to become lighter by mixing with lighter water above. This diapycnal mixing is strongly enhanced over rough topography in abyssal mixing layers, which span the bottom few hundred meters of the water column. In particular, mixing rates are enhanced over mid-ocean ridge systems, which extend for thousands of kilometers in the global ocean and are thought to be key contributors to the required abyssal water mass transformation. To examine how stratification and thus diabatic transformation is maintained in such abyssal m

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4

Emile-Geay, J., and G. Madec. "Geothermal heating, diapycnal mixing and the abyssal circulation." Ocean Science Discussions 5, no. 3 (2008): 281–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-281-2008.

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Abstract. The dynamical role of geothermal heating in abyssal circulation is reconsidered using three independent methods. First, we show that a uniform geothermal heat flux close to the observed average (86.4 mW m−2) supplies as much heat to the abyss as diapycnal mixing with a rate of ~1 cm2 s−1. A simple scaling law, based upon a purely advective balance, indicates that such a heat flux is able to generate a deep circulation of order 5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) associated with the Antarctic Bottom Water mass (AABW). Its intensity is inversely proportional to the strength of deep temperature gr

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5

Dengler, M., D. Quadfasel, F. Schott, and J. Fischer. "Abyssal circulation in the Somali Basin." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, no. 7-8 (2002): 1297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00167-9.

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6

Smythe-Wright, Denise, and Stephen Boswell. "Abyssal circulation in the Argentine Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 103, no. C8 (1998): 15845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jc00142.

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7

Whitehead, J. A., G. K. Korotaev, and S. N. Bulgakov. "Convective circulation in mesoscale abyssal basins." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 89, no. 3-4 (1998): 169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929808203685.

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8

Zhai, Fangguo, and Yanzhen Gu. "Abyssal Circulation in the Philippine Sea." Journal of Ocean University of China 19, no. 2 (2020): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4241-7.

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9

Quan, Qi, and Huijie Xue. "Influence of Abyssal Mixing on the Multilayer Circulation in the South China Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 12 (2019): 3045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0020.1.

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AbstractBy parameterizing the abyssal mixing as the exchange velocity (entrainment/detrainment) between the middle and deep layers of the South China Sea (SCS), its effects on the multilayer circulation are examined. Results indicate that the cyclonic circulation in the deep SCS appears only when the mixing induces an entrainment of at least 0.72 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) from the deep to the middle layer, which is equivalent to a diapycnal diffusivity of 0.65 × 10−3 m2 s−1 or a net input rate of gravitational potential energy (GPE) of 6.89 GW, respectively. It is also found that tidal mixing in

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10

Jansen, Malte F., and Louis-Philippe Nadeau. "The Effect of Southern Ocean Surface Buoyancy Loss on the Deep-Ocean Circulation and Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 11 (2016): 3455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0084.1.

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AbstractThe deep-ocean circulation and stratification have likely undergone major changes during past climates, which may have played an important role in the modulation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The mechanisms by which the deep-ocean circulation changed, however, are still poorly understood and represent a major challenge to the understanding of past and future climates. This study highlights the importance of the integrated buoyancy loss rate around Antarctica in modulating the abyssal circulation and stratification. Theoretical arguments and idealized numerical simulations suggest

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11

Pedlosky, Joseph. "The Baroclinic Structure of the Abyssal Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 22, no. 6 (1992): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0652:tbsota>2.0.co;2.

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12

Kubota, Masahisa, and Koji Ono. "Abyssal circulation model of the Philippine Sea." Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 39, no. 9 (1992): 1439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90041-q.

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13

Newsom, Emily R., Cecilia M. Bitz, Frank O. Bryan, Ryan Abernathey, and Peter R. Gent. "Southern Ocean Deep Circulation and Heat Uptake in a High-Resolution Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 7 (2016): 2597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0513.1.

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Abstract The dynamics of the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Southern Ocean are compared in two versions of a global climate model: one with high-resolution (0.1°) ocean and sea ice and the other a lower-resolution (1.0°) counterpart. In the high-resolution version, the lower cell circulation is stronger and extends farther northward into the abyssal ocean. Using the water-mass-transformation framework, it is shown that the differences in the lower cell circulation between resolutions are explained by greater rates of surface water-mass transformation within t

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14

Emile-Geay, J., and G. Madec. "Geothermal heating, diapycnal mixing and the abyssal circulation." Ocean Science 5, no. 2 (2009): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-203-2009.

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Abstract. The dynamical role of geothermal heating in abyssal circulation is reconsidered using three independent arguments. First, we show that a uniform geothermal heat flux close to the observed average (86.4 mW m−2) supplies as much heat to near-bottom water as a diapycnal mixing rate of ~10−4 m2 s−1 – the canonical value thought to be responsible for the magnitude of the present-day abyssal circulation. This parity raises the possibility that geothermal heating could have a dynamical impact of the same order. Second, we estimate the magnitude of geothermally-induced circulation with the d

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15

Pratt, Larry J., Gunnar Voet, Astrid Pacini, et al. "Pacific Abyssal Transport and Mixing: Through the Samoan Passage versus around the Manihiki Plateau." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 6 (2019): 1577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0124.1.

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AbstractThe main source feeding the abyssal circulation of the North Pacific is the deep, northward flow of 5–6 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) through the Samoan Passage. A recent field campaign has shown that this flow is hydraulically controlled and that it experiences hydraulic jumps accompanied by strong mixing and dissipation concentrated near several deep sills. By our estimates, the diapycnal density flux associated with this mixing is considerably larger than the diapycnal flux across a typical isopycnal surface extending over the abyssal North Pacific. According to historical hydro

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16

Stanley, Geoff J., and Oleg A. Saenko. "Bottom-Enhanced Diapycnal Mixing Driven by Mesoscale Eddies: Sensitivity to Wind Energy Supply." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 1 (2014): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0116.1.

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Abstract It has been estimated that much of the wind energy input to the ocean general circulation is removed by mesoscale eddies via baroclinic instability. While the fate of this energy remains a subject of research, arguments have been presented suggesting that a fraction of it may get transferred to lee waves that, upon breaking, result in bottom-enhanced diapycnal mixing. Here the authors propose several parameterizations of this process and explore their impact in a low-resolution ocean–climate model, focusing on their impact on the abyssal meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of Ant

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17

Marchal, Olivier, and William B. Curry. "On the Abyssal Circulation in the Glacial Atlantic." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 9 (2008): 2014–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3895.1.

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Abstract An inverse method is used to evaluate the information contained in sediment data for the Atlantic basin during the Last Glacial Maximum (defined here as the time interval 18–21 kyr before present). The data being considered are an updated compilation of the isotopic ratios 18O/16O (δ18O) and 13C/12C (δ13C) of fossil shells of benthic foraminifera (bottom-dwelling organisms). First, an estimate of the abyssal circulation in the modern Atlantic is obtained, which is consistent with (i) climatologies of temperature and salinity of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, (ii) observationa

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18

Straub, David N., and Peter B. Rhines. "Effects of large-scale topography on abyssal circulation." Journal of Marine Research 48, no. 2 (1990): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224090784988782.

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19

Wright, Daniel G., and Andrew J. Willmott. "Buoyancy-driven Abyssal Circulation in a Circumpolar Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 22, no. 2 (1992): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<0139:bdacia>2.0.co;2.

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20

Condie, Scott A. "A circulation model of the abyssal Tasman Sea." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 41, no. 1 (1994): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90024-8.

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21

Shakespeare, Callum J., and Andrew McC. Hogg. "An Analytical Model of the Response of the Meridional Overturning Circulation to Changes in Wind and Buoyancy Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 8 (2012): 1270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0198.1.

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Abstract An analytical model of the full-depth ocean stratification and meridional overturning circulation for an idealized Atlantic basin with a circumpolar channel is presented. The model explicitly describes the ocean response to both Southern Ocean winds and the global pattern and strength of prescribed surface buoyancy fluxes. The construction of three layers, defined by the two isopycnals of overturning extrema, allows the description of circulation and stratification in both the upper and abyssal ocean. The system is fully solved in the adiabatic limit to yield scales for the surface la

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22

Drake, Henri F., Raffaele Ferrari, and Jörn Callies. "Abyssal Circulation Driven by Near-Boundary Mixing: Water Mass Transformations and Interior Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 8 (2020): 2203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0313.1.

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AbstractThe emerging view of the abyssal circulation is that it is associated with bottom-enhanced mixing, which results in downwelling in the stratified ocean interior and upwelling in a bottom boundary layer along the insulating and sloping seafloor. In the limit of slowly varying vertical stratification and topography, however, boundary layer theory predicts that these upslope and downslope flows largely compensate, such that net water mass transformations along the slope are vanishingly small. Using a planetary geostrophic circulation model that resolves both the boundary layer dynamics an

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23

Katsman, Caroline A. "Impacts of Localized Mixing and Topography on the Stationary Abyssal Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 8 (2006): 1660–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2925.1.

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Abstract Stommel and coworkers calculated the stationary, geostrophic circulation in the abyssal ocean driven by prescribed sources (representing convective downwelling sites) and sinks (slow, widespread upwelling through the thermocline). The applied basin geometries were highly idealized with nearly uniform upwelling and gradual bottom slopes. In this paper, the classical Stommel–Arons theory for the abyssal circulation is extended by introducing pronounced bathymetry in the form of a midocean ridge and strongly enhanced upwelling in the vicinity of this ridge, modeled after direct observati

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24

Ferrari, Raffaele, Louis-Philippe Nadeau, David P. Marshall, Lesley C. Allison, and Helen L. Johnson. "A Model of the Ocean Overturning Circulation with Two Closed Basins and a Reentrant Channel." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 12 (2017): 2887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0223.1.

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AbstractZonally averaged models of the ocean overturning circulation miss important zonal exchanges of waters between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. A two-layer, two-basin model that accounts for these exchanges is introduced and suggests that in the present-day climate the overturning circulation is best described as the combination of three circulations: an adiabatic overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean associated with transformation of intermediate to deep waters in the north, a diabatic overturning circulation in the Indo-Pacific Ocean associated with transformation of abys

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25

Rousselet, Louise, Paola Cessi, and Gael Forget. "Coupling of the mid-depth and abyssal components of the global overturning circulation according to a state estimate." Science Advances 7, no. 21 (2021): eabf5478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf5478.

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Using velocities from a state estimate, Lagrangian analysis maps the global routes of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) exiting the Atlantic and reentering the upper branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Virtual particle trajectories followed for 8100 years highlight an upper route (32%) and a lower route (68%). The latter samples σ2 > 37.07 and is further divided into subpolar (20%) and abyssal cells (48%). Particles in the abyssal cell detour into the abyssal North Pacific before upwelling in the Southern Ocean. NADW preferentially upwells north of 33°S (67%). T

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26

Ferrari, Raffaele, Ali Mashayek, Trevor J. McDougall, Maxim Nikurashin, and Jean-Michael Campin. "Turning Ocean Mixing Upside Down." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 7 (2016): 2239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0244.1.

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AbstractIt is generally understood that small-scale mixing, such as is caused by breaking internal waves, drives upwelling of the densest ocean waters that sink to the ocean bottom at high latitudes. However, the observational evidence that the strong turbulent fluxes generated by small-scale mixing in the stratified ocean interior are more vigorous close to the ocean bottom boundary than above implies that small-scale mixing converts light waters into denser ones, thus driving a net sinking of abyssal waters. Using a combination of theoretical ideas and numerical models, it is argued that aby

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27

Amrhein, Daniel E., Carl Wunsch, Olivier Marchal, and Gael Forget. "A Global Glacial Ocean State Estimate Constrained by Upper-Ocean Temperature Proxies." Journal of Climate 31, no. 19 (2018): 8059–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0769.1.

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We use the method of least squares with Lagrange multipliers to fit an ocean general circulation model to the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) estimate of near sea surface temperature (NSST) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; circa 23–19 thousand years ago). Compared to a modern simulation, the resulting global, last-glacial ocean state estimate, which fits the MARGO data within uncertainties in a free-running coupled ocean–sea ice simulation, has global-mean NSSTs that are 2°C lower and greater sea ice extent in all seasons in both the Northern an

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28

Vreugdenhil, Catherine A., Andrew McC Hogg, Ross W. Griffiths, and Graham O. Hughes. "Adjustment of the Meridional Overturning Circulation and Its Dependence on Depth of Mixing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 3 (2016): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0050.1.

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AbstractThe relative roles of advective processes and mixing on the temporal adjustment of the meridional overturning circulation are examined, in particular the effects of mixing in either the abyssal or upper ocean. Laboratory experiments with convectively driven overturning and imposed stirring rates show that the circulation adjusts toward an equilibrium state on time scales governed by mixing in the upper boundary layer region but independent of the mixing rate in the bulk of the interior. The equilibrium state of the stratification is dependent only on the rate of mixing in the boundary

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29

Swaters, Gordon E. "The Meridional Flow of Source-Driven Abyssal Currents in a Stratified Basin with Topography. Part II: Numerical Simulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2868.1.

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Abstract A numerical simulation is described for source-driven abyssal currents in a 3660 km × 3660 km stratified Northern Hemisphere basin with zonally varying topography. The model is the two-layer quasigeostrophic equations, describing the overlying ocean, coupled to the finite-amplitude planetary geostrophic equations, describing the abyssal layer, on a midlatitude β plane. The source region is a fixed 75 km × 150 km area located in the northwestern sector of the basin with a steady downward volume transport of about 5.6 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) corresponding to an average downwelling velocity

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30

Mashayek, A., H. Salehipour, D. Bouffard, et al. "Efficiency of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean circulation." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 12 (2017): 6296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072452.

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31

Rubino, Angelo, Manuel Bensi, Dagmar Hainbucher, et al. "Biogeochemical, Isotopic and Bacterial Distributions Trace Oceanic Abyssal Circulation." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (2016): e0145299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145299.

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32

Willmott, Andrew J., and Roger H. J. Grimshaw. "A simple model for unsteady buoyancy-driven abyssal circulation." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 81, no. 3-4 (1995): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929508229061.

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33

Holmes, Ryan M., Casimir de Lavergne, and Trevor J. McDougall. "Ridges, Seamounts, Troughs, and Bowls: Topographic Control of the Dianeutral Circulation in the Abyssal Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 4 (2018): 861–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0141.1.

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AbstractIn situ observations obtained over the last several decades have shown that the intensity of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean is enhanced toward the seafloor. Consequently, a new paradigm has emerged whereby dianeutral downwelling dominates in the ocean interior and dianeutral upwelling only occurs within thin bottom boundary layers. This study shows that when mixing is bottom intensified the net abyssal dianeutral transports and the stratification can depend on subtle features of the seafloor geometry. Under an assumption of depth-independent net dianeutral upwelling, small chang

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34

Callies, Jörn. "Restratification of Abyssal Mixing Layers by Submesoscale Baroclinic Eddies." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 9 (2018): 1995–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0082.1.

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AbstractFor small-scale turbulence to achieve water mass transformation and thus affect the large-scale overturning circulation, it must occur in stratified water. Observations show that abyssal turbulence is strongly enhanced in the bottom few hundred meters in regions with rough topography, and it is thought that these abyssal mixing layers are crucial for closing and shaping the overturning circulation. If it were left unopposed, however, bottom-intensified turbulence would mix away the observed mixing-layer stratification over the course of a few years. It is proposed here that the homogen

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35

Jones, C. S., and Ryan P. Abernathey. "Modeling Water-Mass Distributions in the Modern and LGM Ocean: Circulation Change and Isopycnal and Diapycnal Mixing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 5 (2021): 1523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0204.1.

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AbstractPaleoproxy observations suggest that deep-ocean water-mass distributions were different at the Last Glacial Maximum than they are today. However, even modern deep-ocean water-mass distributions are not completely explained by observations of the modern ocean circulation. This paper investigates two processes that influence deep-ocean water-mass distributions: 1) interior downwelling caused by vertical mixing that increases in the downward direction and 2) isopycnal mixing. Passive tracers are used to assess how changes in the circulation and in the isopycnal-mixing coefficient impact d

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36

Ballarotta, M., S. Falahat, L. Brodeau, and K. Döös. "On the glacial and interglacial thermohaline circulation and the associated transports of heat and freshwater." Ocean Science 10, no. 6 (2014): 907–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-907-2014.

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Abstract. The thermohaline circulation (THC) and the oceanic heat and freshwater transports are essential for understanding the global climate system. Streamfunctions are widely used in oceanography to represent the THC and estimate the transport of heat and freshwater. In the present study, the regional and global changes of the THC, the transports of heat and freshwater and the timescale of the circulation between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ≈ 21 kyr ago) and the present-day climate are explored using an Ocean General Circulation Model and streamfunctions projected in various coordinate s

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37

Nikurashin, Maxim, and Geoffrey Vallis. "A Theory of the Interhemispheric Meridional Overturning Circulation and Associated Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 10 (2012): 1652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0189.1.

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Abstract A quantitative theoretical model of the meridional overturning circulation and associated deep stratification in an interhemispheric, single-basin ocean with a circumpolar channel is presented. The theory includes the effects of wind, eddies, and diapycnal mixing and predicts the deep stratification and overturning streamfunction in terms of the surface forcing and other parameters of the problem. It relies on a matching among three regions: the circumpolar channel at high southern latitudes, a region of isopycnal outcrop at high northern latitudes, and the ocean basin between. The th

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38

Carter, Lionel, and John Wilkin. "Abyssal circulation around New Zealand—a comparison between observations and a global circulation model." Marine Geology 159, no. 1-4 (1999): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(98)00205-9.

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39

Morrison, Adele K., Matthew H. England, and Andrew McC Hogg. "Response of Southern Ocean Convection and Abyssal Overturning to Surface Buoyancy Perturbations." Journal of Climate 28, no. 10 (2015): 4263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00110.1.

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Abstract This study explores how buoyancy-driven modulations in the abyssal overturning circulation affect Southern Ocean temperature and salinity in an eddy-permitting ocean model. Consistent with previous studies, the modeled surface ocean south of 50°S cools and freshens in response to enhanced surface freshwater fluxes. Paradoxically, upper-ocean cooling also occurs for small increases in the surface relaxation temperature. In both cases, the surface cooling and freshening trends are linked to reduced convection and a slowing of the abyssal overturning circulation, with associated changes

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40

Holmes, R. M., Casimir de Lavergne, and Trevor J. McDougall. "Tracer Transport within Abyssal Mixing Layers." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 10 (2019): 2669–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0006.1.

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AbstractMixing layers near sloped topography in the abyss are thought to play a critical role in the global overturning circulation. Yet the behavior of passive tracers within sloping boundary layer systems has received little attention, despite the extensive use of tracer observations to understand abyssal circulation. Here, we investigate the behavior of a passive tracer released near a sloping boundary within a flow governed by one-dimensional boundary layer theory. The spreading rate of the tracer across isopycnals is influenced by factors such as the bottom-intensification of mixing, the

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41

Hautala, Susan L. "The abyssal and deep circulation of the Northeast Pacific Basin." Progress in Oceanography 160 (January 2018): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.11.011.

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42

Patara, Lavinia, and Claus W. Böning. "Abyssal ocean warming around Antarctica strengthens the Atlantic overturning circulation." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 11 (2014): 3972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059923.

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43

Wang, Liping, and Rui Xin Huang. "A Simple Model of Abyssal Circulation in a Circumpolar Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 24, no. 5 (1994): 1040–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<1040:asmoac>2.0.co;2.

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44

De-hai, Luo, and Huang Fei. "A study on the baroclinic structure of the abyssal circulation." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 19, no. 1 (2001): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842784.

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Downes, Stephanie M., Andrew McC Hogg, Stephen M. Griffies, and Bonita L. Samuels. "The Transient Response of Southern Ocean Circulation to Geothermal Heating in a Global Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 16 (2016): 5689–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0458.1.

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Abstract Model and observational studies have concluded that geothermal heating significantly alters the global overturning circulation and the properties of the widely distributed Antarctic Bottom Water. Here two distinct geothermal heat flux datasets are tested under different experimental designs in a fully coupled model that mimics the control run of a typical Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) climate model. The regional analysis herein reveals that bottom temperature and transport changes, due to the inclusion of geothermal heating, are propagated throughout the water column, m

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Jayne, Steven R. "The Impact of Abyssal Mixing Parameterizations in an Ocean General Circulation Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 7 (2009): 1756–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4085.1.

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Abstract A parameterization of vertical diffusivity in ocean general circulation models has been implemented in the ocean model component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The parameterization represents the dynamics of the mixing in the abyssal ocean arising from the breaking of internal waves generated by the tides forcing stratified flow over rough topography. This parameterization is explored over a range of parameters and compared to the more traditional ad hoc specification of the vertical diffusivity. Diapycnal mixing in the ocean is thought to be one of the primary controls

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Callies, Jörn, and Raffaele Ferrari. "Dynamics of an Abyssal Circulation Driven by Bottom-Intensified Mixing on Slopes." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 6 (2018): 1257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0125.1.

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AbstractThe large-scale circulation of the abyssal ocean is enabled by small-scale diapycnal mixing, which observations suggest is strongly enhanced toward the ocean bottom, where the breaking of internal tides and lee waves is most vigorous. As discussed recently, bottom-intensified mixing induces a pattern of near-bottom up- and downwelling that is quite different from the traditionally assumed widespread upwelling. Here the consequences of bottom-intensified mixing for the horizontal circulation of the abyssal ocean are explored by considering planetary geostrophic dynamics in an idealized

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Saenko, O. A., and W. J. Merryfield. "On the Effect of Topographically Enhanced Mixing on the Global Ocean Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 5 (2005): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2722.1.

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Abstract The strong influence of enhanced diapycnal mixing over rough topography on bottom-water circulation is illustrated using results from two global ocean model experiments. In the first, diapycnal diffusivity is set to the observed background level of 10−5 m2 s−1 in regions not subject to shear instability, convection, or surface-driven mixing. In the second experiment, mixing is enhanced above rough bottom topography to represent the dissipation of internal tides. Three important results are obtained. First, without the enhanced mixing in the abyssal ocean, the deep North Pacific Ocean

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Ballarotta, M., S. Falahat, L. Brodeau, and K. Döös. "On the glacial and inter-glacial thermohaline circulation and the associated transports of heat and freshwater." Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 2 (2014): 979–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-979-2014.

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Abstract. The change of the thermohaline circulation (THC) between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, &amp;approx; 21 kyr ago) and the present day climate are explored using an Ocean General Circulation Model and stream functions projected in various coordinates. Compared to the present day period, the LGM circulation is reorganised in the Atlantic Ocean, in the Southern Ocean and particularly in the abyssal ocean, mainly due to the different haline stratification. Due to stronger wind stress, the LGM tropical circulation is more vigorous than under modern conditions. Consequently, the maximum

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Kersalé, M., C. S. Meinen, R. C. Perez, et al. "Highly variable upper and abyssal overturning cells in the South Atlantic." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (2020): eaba7573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7573.

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The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is a primary mechanism driving oceanic heat redistribution on Earth, thereby affecting Earth’s climate and weather. However, the full-depth structure and variability of the MOC are still poorly understood, particularly in the South Atlantic. This study presents unique multiyear records of the oceanic volume transport of both the upper (<~3100 meters) and abyssal (>~3100 meters) overturning cells based on daily moored measurements in the South Atlantic at 34.5°S. The vertical structure of the time-mean flows is consistent with the limited histo

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