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Journal articles on the topic 'Acacia senegal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 February 2023

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1

Emmanuel, Jovine, and Joseph Buchweishaija. "Temperature Effects on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Acacia senegal Gum with Halide Ions." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 1588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.9.

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The effects of temperature on the inhibitive effect of naturally occurring Acacia senegal gum exudate on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid was studied between 35 and 70 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Findings showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate decreases the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiency declined with raising temperature above 35 °C. The increase in the corrosion rate with increasing temperature was observed for both uninhibited and inhibited systems. Addition of halide ions to the Acacia senegal gum exudate solution enhanced the corrosion inhibition efficiency because of synergistic effects, achieving higher performance with iodide ions as compared to bromide ions. However, the synergistic effects declined above 35 °C up to 70 °C due to temperature effects. It has been observed that increasing temperature adversely affected inhibition efficiencies of both Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergy between Acacia senegal gum exudate and halide ions. Corrosion rates of mild steel, inhibition efficiencies of Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergistic effects of halide ions from polarization and impedance measurements were consistent. Keywords: temperature, corrosion, mild steel, synergistic effects, Acacia senegal, gum exudate.

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2

Ahallil, H., M. Y. Maskat, A. Abdullah, and S. R. Sarbini. "The effect of Acacia senegal as potential prebiotic on obese gut microbiota." Food Research 4, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).350.

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Gut microbiota is able to affect body weight by fermenting dried fibers and generating short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Acacia senegal is an edible dried which might have potential prebiotic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Acacia senegal as potential prebiotic on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of obese healthy subjects. In order to identify a potential prebiotic effect of Acacia senegal on obese individuals, anaerobic, pH-controlled batch cultures system was applied. The growth of different microbes and the concentration of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids were studied at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hrs using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and HPLC respectively. The results showed that Acacia senegal was able to simulate the microbiota population since it significantly increased (P>0.05) the population of Bifidobacterium and decreased the population of Clostridium. Moreover, the supplement of Acacia senegal to the models significantly modulate short-chain fatty acid concentration. These findings clearly identified Acacia senegal as an additional contributing factor to the gut microbiota of obese subject and suggest that Acacia senegal could be an interesting supplement for obese human which might help to control obesity.

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3

Emmanuel, Jovine, and Joseph Buchweishaija. "Synergistic effects of halide ions and Acacia senegal gum on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i2.24.

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The synergistic effects of halide ions, Br– and I– and Acacia senegal gum exudates on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate moderately reduces the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiencies on mild steel electrodes increased with increase in gum exudate concentrations up to 300 ppm, corresponding to the inhibition efficiency of about 43% and its inhibition efficiency increased up to 81.6% with addition of halide ions due to synergistic effects. The enhancement effect of the halide ions was higher with iodide than with bromide ions. The synergism parameter, S1, evaluated was greater than unity, consistent with synergistic effect. The adsorption of Acacia senegal gum on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The results obtained, i.e., corrosion rates of mild steel, inhibition efficiencies of Acacia senegal gum exudates and the synergistic effects of Acacia senegal gum exudates and halides from polarization and impedance measurements were in good agreement. Keywords: corrosion, inhibition, mild steel, synergistic effect, Acacia senegal, gum exudate

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4

Salma Farah Abdelhay Ahmed, Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed Abutaba, and Seif Adin Dawina Abdullah Fragallah. "Effect of levels salinity water on seedling growth of Acacia senegal at the Nursery, North Kordofan state, Sudan." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.14.1.0350.

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This study was conducted in Shikan nursery, Elobied, North Kordofan, from three sources of Acacia senegal seeds (Al-Rahad, Al-Aabasia and Um- Keradem) at January 2022. This study aims to determent the effect of saline water levels on growth of Acacia senegal seedlings. Different salt water levels were used to irrigate seedlings. The response to salt water stress at general level was good with appearance of significant differences at beginning of experiment and these differences disappeared at end of experiment. This indicates that Acacia senegal seedlings were more tolerant of salt water stress to the level of 2898 ms/cm total dissolved salts (T.D.S), can be used for irrigation, especially for Acacia senegal seedlings with a ph between (7.1-8.4). To reduce seedling death, low salinity levels can be relied upon.

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5

Cui, Steve W., Glyn O. Phillips, Barbara Blackwell, and John Nikiforuk. "Characterisation and properties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. senegal with enhanced properties (Acacia (sen) SUPERGUM™): Part 4. Spectroscopic characterisation of Acacia senegal var. senegal and Acacia (sen) SUPERGUM™ arabic." Food Hydrocolloids 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.05.009.

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6

SANTRA, A., and S. A. KARIM. "Nutritional evaluation of some Indian tree pods for livestock feeding." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 11 (April 7, 2021): 1535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i11.111567.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate promising tree pods for feeding to the livestock particularly for the small ruminants. Out of eight tested tree pods, seven tree pods, i.e. White siris (Albizia procera), Siris (Albizia lebbeck), White kheri (Acacia senegal), Babul (Acacia arabica), Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), Vilayati babul (Prosopis juliflora) and Sajna (Moringa oleifera) were collected from semiarid region of Rajasthan while one tree pods e.g., Jungle jalebi (Enterolobium timoba) was collected from Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India. Most of the tree pods were rich in CP content. On an average, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and cellulose content of these tree pods were found to be 91.1, 16.7, 2.5, 43.3, 34.7 and 25.4% on DM basis, respectively. Rumen protozoal number decreased due to inclusion of Enterolobium timoba tree pods in the incubation media. The TVFA and propionate production were higher for Acacia Senegal, Acacia arabica tree pods followed by Moringa oleifera tree pods while ammonia nitrogen concentration was lower due to inclusion of Enterolobium timoba tree pods in the incubation media. All the tested tree pods had no effect on xylanase, Î²-glucosidase and amylase enzyme activity. However, specific activity of carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme reduced due to addition of Enterolobium timoba tree pods in the incubation medium. Highest IVDMD was observed for Acacia arabica tree pods followed by Acacia senegal and Moringa oleifera tree pods. The results indicated that Acacia arabica, Acacia senegal and Moringa oleifera are good tree pods for feeding to the animals.

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7

Mbayngone, Elisée, Serge Mélom, Ali Brahim Béchir, and Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem. "Structure et productivité en gomme des peuplements à Acacia senegal (L) Willd. et Acacia seyal Del. de Massenya au Tchad." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 20 (December 20, 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.20.49.

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La connaissance du potentiel et de la productivité d'une ressource est une donnée nécessaire à l'élaboration d'une bonne politique de sa gestion. La structure et la productivité des peuplements à Acacia seyal Del. et à Acacia senegal (L) Willd.ont été étudiées dans les formations naturelles de Massenya au Tchad. Sur la base de 32 placeaux de 900 m2, le diameter et la hauteur de tous les individus d’espèces ligneuses ont été mesurés. Pour des espèces adultes à port arbustif, le diameter est mesuré à 50 cm du sol. Les individus juvéniles sont simplement comptés et ranges en classe de hauteur. L’étude de la structure des peuplements et de deux espèces d’Acacia a été réalisée à travers le nombre de tiges à l’hectare et les classes de diamètre. L’Indice de Valeur d’Importance (IVI) a été utilisée pour apprécier la prédominance des espèces sur le site. La productivité des peuplements en gomme a été évaluée en fonction de la production moyenne d’un arbre qui était de 250 g. Les peuplements à Acacia de Massenya sont très denses (619 ± 269 tiges/ha), mais à surface terrière faible (7,10 ± 1,20 m²/ha) due à un grand nombre d’individus de petit diamètre (11,1 ± 2,2 cm). Ce sont des peuplements généralement arbustif (hauteur de 5,2 ± 0,9 m) avec un bon potentiel de juvéniles (408 ± 267 tiges/ha) pouvant se régénérer naturellement. Toutefois, Acacia seyal semble plus apte à coloniser d’autres milieux qu’Acacia senegal. Sur les sept espèces qui prédominent sur le site, Acacia seyal et Acacia senegal réalisent des IVI plus élevés (respectivement 79 et 54). Les espèces à bon potentiel de régénération sont Acacia seyal (65 ± 8 juv./ha), Acacia senegal (58 ± 10 juv./ha) et Guiera senegalensis (51 ± 8 juv./ha). La production annuelle de gomme est estimée à 56 ± 6 kg/ha de gomme friable (à Acacia seyal) et 41 ± 5 kg/ha de gomme dure (à A. senegal).

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8

Elgailani, Isam Eldin Hussein, and Christina Yacoub Ishak. "Determination of Tannins of Three Common Acacia Species of Sudan." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (September 17, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/192708.

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The objective of this study is to analyze and compare tannins of three common Acacia species of Sudan, since vegetable tannins are important in leather industry. Acacia nilotica and Acacia seyal samples were collected from Sunt Forest in Khartoum State, while Acacia senegal samples were collected from the Debabat Forest in South Kordofan State. Bark samples from bulk collections of the three Acacia species were extracted with boiled deionized water. The amount of tannins present in these bulk samples was determined by Folin-Denis method for total phenolic materials, followed by precipitation with hide-powder. The difference between the amount of phenolic materials present before and after addition of hide-powder represents the amount of tannins present. The percentage of tannins in the leaves, bark, and mature and immature fruits of collections of individuals of Acacia species was estimated; mature and immature fruits of Acacia nilotica contain tannins (22.15% and 22.10%, resp.). The leaves of Acacia nilotica and Acacia seyal contain tannins (11.80% and 6.30%, resp.). The barks of Acacia seyal, Acacia nilotica, and Acacia senegal contain tannins (12.15%, 10.47%, and 3.49%, resp.).

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9

Omondi, Stephen F., O. G. Dangasuk, D. W. Odee, S. Cavers, and D. P. Khasa. "Cross-amplification and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers From Acacia (Senegalia) mellifera and Acacia brevispica to Acacia senegal (L.) Willd." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2010): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0040.

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Abstract Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated from Acacia brevispica and Acacia mellifera were successfully cross-amplified in Acacia senegal. The loci were surveyed for polymorphism using 30 samples. Allelic diversity ranged from 4 (Ame02, Ab06 and Ab18) to 13 (Ab26) per locus. The expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.543 (Ame02) to 0.868 (Ab26) while observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.516 (Ame05) to 0.800 (Ame03). Cross-amplification of these loci represents a potential source of co-dominant markers and will be useful in the study of genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and breeding systems of this important Acacia species.

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10

Halidou, Djabri Hassimiou, Maman Manssour Abdou, and Zoubeirou Alzouma Mayaki. "Caractérisation du sol du site dégradé de Sakey koira Tegui au Niger pour un meilleur reboisement avecAcacia senegal." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.24.

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La dégradation des sols résultants des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques constitue l’un des problèmes majeurs de l’agriculture au Niger. En réponse à ce phénomène, les agroécosystèmes s’adaptent à travers la mise en oeuvre des techniques de gestion intégrée des eaux et des sols dont notamment le reboisement des terres dégradées. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été menée avec pour objectif de caractériser le sol dégradé du site de Sakey koira Tegui en vue d’un meilleur reboisement avec Acacia senegal. A cet effet, des profils pédologiques ont été ouverts et décrits suivant la topo-séquence du site. Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés au niveau de chaque profil et analysés au laboratoire. Les résultats ont montré que la texture de sols est de type sableuse (72,32%) et limoneuse (45%). Quant aux caractéristiques chimiques des sols, le pH est acide variant de 5,1 à 5,53 sur l’ensemble des horizons avec une conductivité électrique de l’ordre de 13, 00 à 33, 00 μs/cm. Ces résultats montrent que ce sol de faible fertilité chimique, avec une prédominance sableuse pourrait être récupéré et reboisé avec Acacia senegal, sol de prédilection de cette espèce. Mots clés : caractéristiques chimiques, textures, terres dégradées, Acacia senegal, Niger. English Title: Soil characterization of the degraded site of Sakey koira Tegui in Niger for better reforestation with Acacia senegalSoil degradation resulting from climatic and anthropogenic factors is one of the major problems of agriculture in Niger. In response to this phenomenon, agro-ecosystems are adapting through the implementation of integrated water and soil management techniques, including reforestation of degraded land. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective of characterizing the degraded soil of the Sakey koira Tegui site for better reforestation with Acacia senegal. To this end, soil profiles were opened and described according to the topo-sequence of the site. Soil samples were taken from each profile and analysed in the laboratory. The results showed that the soil texture is sandy (72.32%) and silty (45%). As for the chemical characteristics of the soils, the pH is acidic ranging from 5.1 to 5.53 over all horizons with an electrical conductivity of 13.00 to 33.00 μs/cm. These results show that this soil of low chemical fertility, with a sandy predominance, could be recovered and reforested with Acacia senegal, the soil of predilection of this species.Keywords: Chemical characteristics, textures, degraded soils, Acacia senegal, Niger.

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11

El oumari, Fatima Ezzahra, Dalila Bousta, Hamada Imtara, Anissa Lahrichi, Radouane Elhabbani, Ghita El mouhri, Omkulthom M. Al kamaly, et al. "Chemical Composition and Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Extracts from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels Press-Cake and Acacia senegal (L.) Willd." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27133973.

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Ethnobotanical studies have reported the traditional medicinal uses of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. and Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels against kidney stone formation and other chronic kidney diseases. The present work is undertaken to study the litholytic activity and the inhibiting activity of calcium oxalate crystallization by bioactive compounds identified in Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels press-cake (residue of Argan oil) and in Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. The litholytic activity was studied in vitro on cystine and uric acid stones using a porous bag and an Erlenmeyer glass. The study of the inhibiting activity of calcium oxalate crystallization, was based on temporal measurements of the optical density, registered at a 620 nm wavelength for 30 min using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. The silylation method was performed to identify phytochemicals, followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) analysis. The results show significant litholytic activity of Argania Spinosa press-cake hydro-ethanolic extract on uric acid and cystine stones, respectively, with dissolution rates (DR) of 86.38% and 60.42% versus 3.23% and 9.48% for the hydro-ethanolic extract of Acacia senegal exudate. Furthermore, the percentages of nucleation inhibition are 83.78% and 43.77% (p ˂ 0.05) for Argania spinosa and Acacia senegal, respectively. The results point to the detection of 17 phytochemicals in Argania spinosa press-cake extract, the majority of which are phenolic acids and have potent anti-urolithiatic action.

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12

Omondi, Stephen F., David W. Odee, George O. Ongamo, James I. Kanya, and Damase P. Khasa. "Mating patterns of the gum arabic tree (Acacia senegal synonym Senegalia senegal) in two different habitats." New Forests 49, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9604-6.

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13

Soloviev, Pierre, Guibien Cléophas Zerbo, Djingdia Lompo, Lucien Bakré Yoda, and Dominique Jacques. "Acacia senegal au Burkina Faso : état de la ressource et potentiel productif." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 300, no. 300 (June 1, 2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.300.a20411.

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Acacia senegal est une espèce largement répandue dans les zones sèches d¿Afrique. Elle constitue la principale source de production de gomme arabique, un hydrocolloïde utilisé localement ainsi que pour de nombreuses applications industrielles alimentaires ou non. Un inventaire réalisé en 1997 au Burkina Faso a établi une superficie en peuplements naturels de 286 000 ha. Des travaux ultérieurs ont démontré la présence dans ces peuplements d¿espèces apparentées, du sous-genre Aculeiferum (Acacia dudgeoni, Acacia gourmaensis et Acacia laeta). Une actualisation de l¿état des peuplements naturels et artificiels est apparue nécessaire dans le cadre de l¿adaptation de la stratégie de développement de la filière de la gomme arabique. La méthodologie mise en oeuvre a comporté deux phases, la première consistant à identifier les peuplements naturels et artificiels, la seconde à réaliser un inventaire par placettes d¿échantillonnage en vue de caractériser la composition spécifique et la densité des peuplements naturels. L¿étude a abouti à identifier des superficies fort limitées en peuplements naturels et artificiels de A. senegal, ainsi qu¿à constater l¿importance des peuplements naturels de A. laeta et des peuplements mélangés des espèces du sous-genre Aculeiferum. L¿aire naturelle de distribution de A. senegal au Burkina Faso a été précisée et les stations ont été caractérisées. Le potentiel de production de gomme arabique issue de A. senegal s¿établit à environ 25 tonnes/an. En conclusion, l¿accroissement de la production de gomme arabique de A. senegal au Burkina Faso implique l¿établissement de gommeraies artificielles. Un potentiel de production de gommes issues de A. seyal et A. laeta existe. (Résumé d'auteur)

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14

Anderson, D. M. W., and Wang Weiping. "Acacia gum exudates from somalia and tanzania: the Acacia senegal complex." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18, no. 6 (October 1990): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(90)90086-u.

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15

Castellani, Oscar, Dominique Guibert, Saphwan Al-Assaf, Monique Axelos, Glyn O. Phillips, and Marc Anton. "Hydrocolloids with emulsifying capacity. Part 1 – Emulsifying properties and interfacial characteristics of conventional (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. senegal) and matured (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™) Acacia senegal." Food Hydrocolloids 24, no. 2-3 (March 2010): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.09.005.

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16

Aoki, Hiromitsu, Tsuyoshi Katayama, Takeshi Ogasawara, Yasushi Sasaki, Saphwan Al-Assaf, and Glyn O. Phillips. "Characterization and properties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. Senegal with enhanced properties (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™): Part 5. Factors affecting the emulsification of Acacia senegal and Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™." Food Hydrocolloids 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.04.014.

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17

Jangid, Dheeraj, and Ashok Purohit. "ACACIA SENEGAL BARK EXTRACT IN REGULATION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.28709.

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the thyroid hormone stimulating efficacy of Acacia senegal (Gum Arabic) bark extract in 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of A. senegal bark was given to PTU-induced hypothyroid albino rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The animals were divided into control, PTU, and A. senegal bark extract treated and standard drug Eltroxin-treated groups for 60-day experimentation. The serum thyroxin levels, organ’s weight, and serum biochemistry were carried out.Results: Oral administration of A. senegal bark extract caused a highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), and significant changes were also observed in organ’s weight with biochemical parameters as compared to hypothyroid albino rats and results were approximate to the standard drug Eltroxin.Conclusion: These results evaluate that ethanolic extract of A. senegal bark helps to compensate or increases the serum thyroxin level in management of hypothyroidism.

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Jangid, Dheeraj, and Ashok Purohit. "ACACIA SENEGAL BARK EXTRACT IN REGULATION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28709.

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the thyroid hormone stimulating efficacy of Acacia senegal (Gum Arabic) bark extract in 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of A. senegal bark was given to PTU-induced hypothyroid albino rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The animals were divided into control, PTU, and A. senegal bark extract treated and standard drug Eltroxin-treated groups for 60-day experimentation. The serum thyroxin levels, organ’s weight, and serum biochemistry were carried out.Results: Oral administration of A. senegal bark extract caused a highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4), and significant changes were also observed in organ’s weight with biochemical parameters as compared to hypothyroid albino rats and results were approximate to the standard drug Eltroxin.Conclusion: These results evaluate that ethanolic extract of A. senegal bark helps to compensate or increases the serum thyroxin level in management of hypothyroidism.

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19

Elmanan, Mona, Saphwan Al-Assaf, Glyn O. Phillips, and Peter A. Williams. "Studies on Acacia exudate gums: Part VI. Interfacial rheology of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal." Food Hydrocolloids 22, no. 4 (June 2008): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.02.008.

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20

Sarr, Amadou, Marc Neyra, Mouhamed Abdeljalil Ould Houeibib, Ibrahima Ndoye, Abdallah Oihabi, and Didier Lesueur. "Rhizobial Populations in Soils from Natural Acacia senegal and Acacia nilotica Forests in Mauritania and the Senegal River Valley." Microbial Ecology 50, no. 2 (August 2005): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0077-8.

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21

Şişmanoğlu, Tuba, Selcan Karakuş, Özgür Birer, Gülin Selda Pozan Soylu, Ayşen Kolan, Ezgi Tan, Öykü Ürk, Gizem Akdut, and Ayben Kilislioglu. "Preparation and characterization of antibacterial Senegalia (Acacia) senegal/iron–silica bio-nanocomposites." Applied Surface Science 354 (November 2015): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.206.

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22

Hassan, Fatima A., and Mai M. A. Hassan. "The Use of Seed Vigour Tests for Predicting Field Emergence." International Journal of Applied Science 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): p93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v1n2p93.

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The general aim of this study was to address the problem of seed vigour testing in Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera) by studying different seed vigour tests and comparing them to identify the most suitable test for each species. The importance of this study lies in the fact that vigour testing measures the percentage of viable seeds in a sample as well as their ability to produce normal seedlings under less than optimum or adverse growing conditions, similar to those occurring in the field. To achieve this objective, a set of laboratory and field tests were conducted for the two Acacia species. Data collected included: The number of seeds per kilogram, germination percentage, seedling shoot length, seedling root length, seedling root wet and dry weight, seedling shoot wet and dry weight. The cutting test, electrical conductivity tetrazolium test and Hiltner test were employed to determine the seed vigour. The results showed that Acacia mellifera had a high electrical conductivity, indicating its low seed vigour. The electrical conductivity of Acacia senegal was equivalent to that of distilled water, indicating that either the seed coat was intact or no ions were leached from the seeds. Comparison of the various tests suggests that Hiltner test is the most accurate” or “reliable”) test for seed vigor.

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23

Assoumane, Aichatou, Alzouma Zoubeirou Mayaki, Bénédicte Favreau, Gilles Bezançon, Mahamane Saadou, and Daniel Verhaegen. "Differentiation between two sub-species of Acacia senegal complex: Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. and Acacia dudgeoni Craib ex Holland using morphological traits and molecular markers." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59, no. 1 (February 5, 2011): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9665-x.

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24

TANDON, RAJESH, K. R. SHIVANNA, and H. Y. MOHAN RAM. "Pollination biology and breeding system of Acacia senegal." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 3 (March 2001): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01094.x.

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Randall, R. C., G. O. Phillips, and P. A. Williams. "Fractionation and characterization of gum from Acacia senegal." Food Hydrocolloids 3, no. 1 (February 1989): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(89)80034-7.

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Jacques, Dominique, Guibien Cléophas Zerbo, Pierre Soloviev, and Djingdia Lompo. "Acacia senegal au Burkina Faso : stratégie d'amélioration génétique." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 304, no. 304 (June 1, 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2010.304.a20445.

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Depuis près de dix ans, le Centre national de semences forestières développe un programme d'amélioration génétique d'Acacia senegal en vue d'accroître la production de gomme arabique au Burkina Faso. Différentes mesures pratiquées dans huit peuplements naturels ainsi que dans trois tests de provenances suivis pendant un à trois ans ont permis d'évaluer différents paramètres génétiques. Les résultats obtenus montrent une grande variabilité de la production au sein des provenances, qui se traduit par une héritabilité génotypique significative. La variabilité au niveau individuel apparaît encore plus élevée, la production des arbres les plus performants atteignant plus d'un kilo de gomme par an. Un effet " année " sur la production est également observé. Sur la base de ces résultats, les gains potentiels par sélection génétique sont estimés à partir de différents scénarios en prenant en compte la sélection au niveau des populations ainsi qu'au niveau individuel. La sélection individuelle semble être la plus efficace même si un gain significatif est aussi attendu par la sélection de peuplements à graines. Les dispositifs existants et en cours d'installation devraient permettre de poursuivre ce travail d'amélioration génétique aboutissant à la création de variétés améliorées. Enfin, le bon comportement de plusieurs provenances étrangères permet également d'entrevoir la possibilité d'élaborer un programme d'amélioration génétique à l'échelle régionale, couvrant une grande partie de l'Afrique sahélienne. (Résumé d'auteur)

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Koncz, Dorottya, Barbara Tóth, Tivadar Kiss, Orsolya Roza, and Dezső Csupor. "Acacia rigidula versus other Acacia taxa: An alarming issue in the European novel food regulation and food supplement industry." Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 91, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33892/aph.2021.91.67-74.

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Based on the signals recorded in the RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed), Acacia rigidula is a repeat- edly emerging unauthorized ingredient in weight loss dietary supplements in the European Union. Although the fruit, bark and gum of Acacia nilotica can be marketed as food supplement, and the gum of Acacia senegal as food ingredient, A. rigidula is an unauthorized novel food in the European Union. Here we present the first systematic overview of the phyto- chemical and pharmacological data reported on safety and efficacy of A. rigidula.

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Herrero, Celia, Amelework Kassa, Valentín Pando, Felipe Bravo, and Ricardo Alía. "Effect of heat shock on the germination of seeds of the species Acacia senegal L. and Acacia seyal Del. from sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia)." Forest Systems 28, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): e006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019282-14227.

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Aim of the study: Understanding post-fire germination of tree species in arid and semi-arid zones of sub-Saharan Africa.Area of study: Ethiopian Acacia senegal L. and Acacia seyal Del. forests.Material and methods: Seeds were subjected to heat shocks at combinations of four temperatures (60º, 90º, 120º and 150ºC) and three exposure times (1, 5 and 10 minutes). A control was also included, resulting in a total of thirteen treatments. After the application of the heat shocks, the viability of no germinated seeds was assessed after immersion in a Tetrazolium solution. A mixed and a logistic model were used to analyse the influence of heat shock on germination.Main results: Results showed that germination depended on the species, the heat shock treatment and their interaction. Both species showed similar germination results at temperatures below 90ºC in all exposure times, however, germination in Acacia senegal was statistically higher in most of the heat shocks. On the other hand, germination probability decreased in both species, when the exposure time increased, although with a different behaviour. In 1 minute of time of exposure, the germination probability was higher than 60% in the two species throughout the temperature range. However, at 5 minutes of time and temperature smaller than 90°C, the probability of germination was higher than 70% in A. senegal and 50% in A. seyal. Although germination in both species was impacted by the different heat shocks, non-germinated seeds were viable.Research highlights: This paper showed, according to these results, that heat shock would negatively influence the regeneration of both species, and especially for A. seyal.Key words: germination, Acacia, heat shock, logistic model.

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Tuan Azlan, T. N. N., Y. Hamzah, H. A. Mohd Abd Majid, and N. Mohd Maidin. "Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal) addition on antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of roselle juice." Food Research 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(1).703.

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Gum Arabic (GA) is the dried exudate obtained from the tree of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal that possess a prebiotic effect on humans. Meanwhile, roselle is a popular juice that is rich in antioxidants. However, as a complex polysaccharide, the addition of GA in roselle juice may affect the antioxidant properties of the final product. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of different types of GA (Acacia senegal or Acacia seyal) addition, at different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) on the antioxidant properties and antioxidant stability of roselle juice during storage. The most accepted formulation of juice for each GA type along with the control sample (0% GA) was analysed for their oxidative stability during five weeks of chill storage (4±1oC). Results showed that the addition of GA increased or at least maintained the vitamin C and total phenolic content (TPC) in the range of 11.35±1.26-25.18±1.70 mg/100 mL and 21.04±1.55-45.08±4.76 mg GAE/100 mL, respectively. Nevertheless, the addition of more than 2% of GA significantly reduced (p<0.05) about 7% to 25% of total anthocyanin content. Variation of results was shown by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH) assay. For storage study, all juices (0% GA, 4% A. senegal and 2% A. seyal) exhibited fluctuation in trend for all the antioxidant properties except for TPC which remained stable. In conclusion, overall findings showed the addition of GA may increase or at least maintain the antioxidant properties of the juices except for anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). Meanwhile, the addition of GA had a variation that resulted in the oxidative stability of juices during storage

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Aphibanthammakit, Chutima, Michaël Nigen, Sébastien Gaucel, Christian Sanchez, and Pascale Chalier. "Surface properties of Acacia senegal vs Acacia seyal films and impact on specific functionalities." Food Hydrocolloids 82 (September 2018): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.032.

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Mohamed Dawood Elgabori. "Adaptation of the Acacia trees seeds (Senegal and mellifera) for germination in Bisha region- Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0159.

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The study conducted in Bisha Province Saudi Arabia about the adaptation of the acacia trees seeds germination, the main goal is of the study to evaluate the seeds germination of type of acacia trees in Bisha area, which its result with on germination seeds due to loss soil maturation elements. The important recommendation, the germination of acacia plants only by seedling in Bisha area.

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Chikamai, B. N., and W. B. Banks. "Gum arabic from Acacia senegal (L) Willd. in Kenya." Food Hydrocolloids 7, no. 6 (December 1993): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80246-4.

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Phillips, G. O., S. Takigami, and M. Takigami. "Hydration characteristics of the gum exudate from Acacia senegal." Food Hydrocolloids 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(96)80048-8.

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Soloviev, Pierre, Dominique Jacques, Guibien Cléophas Zerbo, and Djingdia Lompo. "Production de semences améliorées d'Acacia senegal." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 303, no. 303 (March 1, 2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2010.303.a20452.

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L'intérêt économique majeur de l'espèce Acacia senegal réside dans son aptitude à produire de la gomme arabique. Au Burkina Faso, la raréfaction des peuplements naturels d'A. senegal et la faible productivité en gomme arabique de certains d'entre eux ont conduit à développer un programme d'amélioration génétique. L'objectif principal est de produire du matériel forestier de reproduction apte à constituer des plantations productives en gomme. Les deux voies d'amélioration retenues sont la sélection de peuplements à graines et la création de vergers à graines d'" arbres plus ". La méthodologie a consisté à étudier la production moyenne de gomme arabique d'un ensemble d'arbres issus de huit peuplements naturels, 12 peuplements artificiels et trois essais de provenances locales ou étrangères, complétée par des critères de qualité de gomme, d'état sanitaire et de production ligneuse. Les résultats ont conduit à mettre notamment en évidence une variabilité importante du critère " production moyenne de gomme ", tant au niveau inter-peuplement qu'intra-peuplement. Les travaux ont abouti à la sélection de trois peuplements fournissant du matériel forestier de reproduction de la catégorie " sélectionnée " selon les critères de l'Ocde, ainsi qu'à la création d'un verger à graines d' " arbres plus " destiné à fournir à moyen terme du matériel forestier de reproduction de la catégorie " qualifiée ". Les résultats obtenus ouvrent des perspectives d'échanges de semences améliorées et de développement d'un programme d'amélioration génétique au niveau sous-régional. (Résumé d'auteur)

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Magnini, René Dofini, Adama Hilou, Helana Millogo-Koné, Jean-Marie Pagès, and Anne Davin-Regli. "Acacia senegal Extract Rejuvenates the Activity of Phenicols on Selected Enterobacteriaceae Multi Drug Resistant Strains." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060323.

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This study reported the phytochemical composition of two hydroethanolic extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees from Burkina Faso and their activities, alone or in combination with selected antibiotics, against multidrug resistant bacteria. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and total flavonoid ant tannins in leaves extracts contents were assessed by spectrophotometric method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plant extracts and antibiotics were determined using the microdilution method and p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Combinations of extracts and antibiotics were studied using checkerboard assays. Screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in the hydroethanolic extract (HE) of the leaves. The HE of A. seyal showed the highest total phenolic (571.30 ± 6.97 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (140.41 ± 4.01 mg RTE/g), and tannins (24.72 ± 0.14%, condensed; 35.77 ± 0.19%, hydrolysable tannins). However, the HE of A. senegal showed the lowest total phenolic (69.84 ± 3.54 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (27.32 ± 0.57 mg RTE/g), and tannins (14.60 ± 0.01%, condensed; 3.09 ± 0.02%, hydrolysable). The MICs for HE and antibiotics were in the range of 2–512 and 0.008–1024 mg/L, respectively. All tested HE presented an MIC greater than 512 mg/L except HE of A. senegal. The lowest MIC value (128 mg/L) was obtained with HE of A. senegal against Klebsiella aerogenes EA298 and Escherichia coli AG100A. Interesting restoring effects on chloramphenicol and florphenicol activity were detected with alcoholic extracts of A. senegal against resistant E. coli and K. aerogenes strains that overproduce AcrAB or FloR pumps. The adjuvant effect of HE of A. senegal suggests that the crude extract of leaves could be a potential source of molecules for improving the susceptibility of bacteria to phenicols antibiotics.

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HARRIS, KEITH M. "Contarinia manii sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): inducer of a remarkable gall on Acacia ferruginea in southern India." Zootaxa 2423, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2423.1.5.

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Contarinia manii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described as a new species, on the basis of adults reared from remarkable 'cylinder-piston' galls formed from contiguous leaflets of Acacia ferruginea D.C. in southern India. These galls have been known since 1952 but adults were not reared until 2007. The new species, and another Indian species, Contarinia ramachandrani (Mani), induce similar but distinct galls on the same host plant. A third species, Contarinia carolinae Gagné, induces leaf galls on Acacia senegal in Kenya. Comparison of adult, pupal and larval morphology indicate that these three species may represent a monophyletic group associated with complex leaf galls on Acacia, in East Africa and India.

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Pickles, Neil A., Hiroshitmu Aoki, Saphwan Al-Assaf, Makato Sakata, Takeshi Ogasawara, H. Elyse Ireland, Robert C. Coleman, Glyn O. Phillips, and John H. H. Williams. "Characterisation and properties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var, senegal with enhanced properties (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™): Part 3 Immunological characterisation of Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™." Food Hydrocolloids 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.06.005.

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Ampitan, T. A., D. I. Adekanmbi, A. A. Ampitan, and K. M. Adelakun. "Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Soil under Gum Arabic Tree (Acacia senegal L.) Wild Plantation in Sahel Zone of Jigawa State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i10.10.

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Acacia senegal (L), a nitrogen fixing tree and a drought resistant species with potentials to improve infertile soils was planted in Sahel zone of Jigawa State, Nigeria for the production of gum arabic. However, information on the soil physico-chemical properties under plantation in Nigeria is scanty, hence the objective of this paper was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of soil under gum arabic tree (Acacia senegal L) wild plantation in Sahel zone of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from four 30 x 30m plots in the plantation and another plot in open land (control). Three replicate soil samples were taken from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil depths, analysed for micro and macronutrients using standard methods. Soil texture of the plantation is loamy sand but with slight textural differentiation under the open land. Mean soil bulk density ranged from 1.6 g/cm3 in the plantation to 1.8g/cm3 in the open woodland. The high values of soil bulk density might be ascribed to loss of organic matter as a result of soil erosion and animal grazing which are common occurrences. Results obtained indicated that the ECEC decreased as the soil depth increased and is low in values while the CEC of soils range from 5.57 to 5.97. The physicochemical properties of soils under the plantation were significantly different at P < 0.05 compared with the control an indication that Acacia senegal can gradually improves soil quality and productivity especially in Sahel zone of the northern part of Nigeria.

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Duponnois, R., T. K. Tabula, and P. Cadet. "Étude des interactions entre trois espèces d'Acacia (Faidherbia albida Del., A. seyal Del., A. holosericea A Cunn. ex G. Don) et Meloidogyne mayaguensis au Sénégal." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-086.

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The susceptibility of three Acacia species used in Senegal (F. albida Del., A. seyal Del. and A. holosericea A Cunn. Ex G. Don) to M. mayaguensis is studied after inoculation of the nematode at different stages of seedling development (seedling stage, cotyledon and young leaves). The observation of giant cells induced by M. mayaguensis on all three Acacia species testifies to their susceptibility to the nematode. However the pathogenic effect of M. mayaguensis on the growth of A. holosericea and A. seyal is more important than on F. albida. Moreover, the penetration and the development of the nematode is greater with these two Acacia species. The susceptibility of Acacia decreased when nematodes are inoculated on older seedlings. These results indicate that some Acacia sp. used to restore soil fertility will multiply parasites susceptible to infest subsequent crops. Key words:Acacia spp., Meloidogyne mayaguensis, Rhizobium, pathogenesis, histopathologynot available

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Ndoye, I., M. Gueye, S. K. A. Danso, and B. Dreyfus. "Nitrogen fixation in Faidherbia albida, Acacia raddiana, Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal estimated using the 15N isotope dilution technique." Plant and Soil 172, no. 2 (1995): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00011319.

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Al-Assaf, Saphwan, Glyn O. Phillips, Hiromitsu Aoki, and Yasushi Sasaki. "Characterization and properties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. senegal with enhanced properties (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™): Part 1—Controlled maturation of Acacia senegal var. senegal to increase viscoelasticity, produce a hydrogel form and convert a poor into a good emulsifier." Food Hydrocolloids 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.04.011.

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Lopez-Torrez, Lizeth, Michaël Nigen, Pascale Williams, Thierry Doco, and Christian Sanchez. "Acacia senegal vs. Acacia seyal gums – Part 1: Composition and structure of hyperbranched plant exudates." Food Hydrocolloids 51 (October 2015): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.04.019.

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Ndoye, Fatou, Aboubacry Kane, Eddy Léonard Ngonkeu Mangaptché, Niokhor Bakhoum, Arsène Sanon, Diégane Diouf, Mame Ourèye Sy, Ezékiel Baudoin, Kandioura Noba, and Yves Prin. "Changes in Land Use System and Environmental Factors Affect Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Density and Diversity, and Enzyme Activities in Rhizospheric Soils of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd." ISRN Ecology 2012 (August 14, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/563191.

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The responses of the soil microbial community features associated to the legume tree Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. including both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and soil bacterial functions, were investigated under contrasting environmental conditions. Soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in two contrasting rainfall sites of Senegal (Dahra and Goudiry, in arid and semiarid zone, resp.). Soils were taken from the rhizosphere of A. senegal both in plantation and natural stands in comparison to bulk soil. A multiple analysis revealed positive correlations between soil physicochemical properties, mycorrhizal potential and enzyme activities variables. The positive effects of A. senegal trees on soil mycorrhizal potential and enzyme activities indicates that in sahelian regions, AMF spore density and diversity as well as soil microbial functions can be influenced by land-use systems (plantation versus natural population of A. senegal) and environmental conditions such as moisture and soil nutrient contents. Our study underlines the importance of prior natural AMF screening for better combinations of A. senegal seedlings with AMF species to achieve optimum plant growth improvement, and for restoration and reforestation of degraded lands.

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RAHAMA, OMER RAHAMA MOHAMED, MAGZOUB OMER BASHIR AHMED, and MUTASSIM MOHAMED YASSIN. "Short Communication: Seasonal occurrence of the tree locust Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon on Acacia Senegal in North Kordofan State, Sudan." Tropical Drylands 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/tropdrylands/t010201.

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Rahama ORM, Ahmed MOB, Yassin MM. 2017. Seasonal occurrence of the tree locust Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon on Acacia senegal in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Trop Drylands 1: 65-68. The tree locust, Anacridium melanorhodon melanorhodon (Walker, 1870) (Acrididae: Orthoptera) causes sporadic damage mainly to trees. In Sudan, it is called night wanderer because of its nocturnal activity. It is commonly found on the Sudanese western sand plains, causing considerable damage to the gum Arabic producing Acacia trees. Field work was made at an Acacia senegal plantation of the Acacia Project (Elrahad) site, during 2007/08 and 2008/09, North Kordofan State. The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors that influence the tree locust population movements and distribution. The results showed that adults of the tree locust appeared in the field in May and high populations were recorded during the period from June to September reaching the peak (25.00±3.08 per tree) in November. Then the population decreased gradually and disappeared at the end of February. Sexual maturation began during May /June with the first rains and lasted for about four weeks. Oviposition period was during June and July and hoppers, which have six stages, appeared between July and October and their development lasted 1-2 months. The hoppers density was at its peak during September (27.00±5.15 per tree). Rainfall and relative humidity coincide with the development of hoppers, while adults were encountered during periods of low rainfall and relative humidity.

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Abaker, Wafa E., Frank Berninger, Gustavo Saiz, Jukka Pumpanen, and Mike Starr. "Linkages between soil carbon, soil fertility and nitrogen fixation in Acacia senegal plantations of varying age in Sudan." PeerJ 6 (July 10, 2018): e5232. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5232.

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Background Over the last decades sub-Saharan Africa has experienced severe land degradation and food security challenges linked to loss of soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM), recurrent drought and increasing population. Although primary production in drylands is strictly limited by water availability, nutrient deficiencies, particularly of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are also considered limiting factors for plant growth. It is known that SOM (often measured as soil organic carbon (SOC)) is a key indicator of soil fertility, therefore, management practices that increase SOM contents, such as increasing tree cover, can be expected to improve soil fertility. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Acacia senegal (Senegalia senegal) trees on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (K) in relation to SOC, the potential of A. senegal for N2 fixation, and to identify possible N and P ecosystem limitations. Methods Soil nutrient (total N, P, K and available P and exchangeable K) concentrations and stocks were determined for the 0–10, 10–20,20–30 and 30–50 cm layers of A. senegal plantations of varying age (ranging from 7 to 24-years-old) and adjacent grasslands (reference) at two sites in semi-arid areas of Sudan. At both sites, three plots were established in each grassland and plantation. The potential of A. senegal for N2 fixation in relation to plantations age was assessed using δ15N isotopic abundances and nutrient limitations assessed using C:N:P stoichiometry. Results Soil concentrations of all studied nutrients were relatively low but were significantly and directly correlated to SOC concentrations. SOC and nutrient concentrations were the highest in the topsoil (0–10 cm) and increased with plantations age. Acacia foliage δ15N values were >6‰ and varied little with plantations age. Soil C:N and C:P ratios did not differ between grassland and plantations and only 0–10 cm layer N:P ratios showed significant differences between grassland and plantations. Discussion The results indicated that soil fertility in the Sahel region is strongly related to SOM contents and therefore highlighting the importance of trees in the landscape. The higher mineral nutrient concentrations in the topsoil of the plantations may be an indication of ‘nutrient uplift’ by the deeper roots. The high foliar δ15N values indicated that N2 fixation was not an important contributor to soil N contents in the plantations. The accretion of soil N cannot be explained by deposition but may be related to inputs of excreted N brought into the area annually by grazing and browsing animals. The soil C:N:P stoichiometry indicated that the plantations may be limited by P and the grasslands limited by N.

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Tchoukoua, Abdou, Mireille Heti Douanla, Nanang Rudianto Ariefta, Jun Yoshida, Yoshiaki Ito, Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui, and Yoshihito Shiono. "Triterpene saponins from the roots of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd." Fitoterapia 151 (June 2021): 104859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104859.

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Solanki, D. S., S. Kumar, K. Parihar, A. Tak, P. Gehlot, R. Pathak, and S. K. Singh. "Characterization of a novel antifungal protein from Acacia senegal seeds." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/3/mrn-1266.

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SHARMA, VIKAS. "Acacia senegal Possesses in vitro Cytotoxicity Against Human Cancer Cells." INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 9, no. 2 (October 15, 2016): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijms/9.2/84-87.

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Anderson, D. M. W., and Wang Weiping. "The characterization of gum arabic (Acacia senegal) samples from Uganda." Food Hydrocolloids 5, no. 3 (June 1991): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80115-x.

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Connolly, Siobhan, Jean-Claude Fenyo, and Marie-Colette Vandevelde. "Heterogeneity and homogeneity of an arabinogalactan-protein: Acacia senegal gum." Food Hydrocolloids 1, no. 5-6 (December 1987): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(87)80045-0.

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