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Journal articles on the topic 'Academic Population Dynamics'
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1
García Docampo, Manuel. "Theories of Urban Dynamics." International Journal of Population Research 2014 (December 16, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494871.
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This paper reviews the existing analysis framework for territorial dynamics and urban growth and proposes a taxonomy of interpretive theories as well as a critical review. Specifically, the paper aims to provide four innovations to existing knowledge in this field as follows: firstly, a clear presentation of how the data of population growth of each habitat type have appeared and their academic interpretations; secondly, a reclassification of interpretative theories into three groups: the counterurban, the post-fordist, and the cyclical theories; thirdly, with the ultimate goal to analyze the suitability of interpretations to the reality, a taxonomic proposal of habitat categories being made; fourthly, the final one refering to the balance of the theoretical to the empirical reality, in light of the data currently available, using the considered methodologies. That balance allows collecting positive elements of each theory and pointing to the possibility of developing a theory of synthesis.
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Khan, Anwar, Muhammad Anwar, and Irfan Ullah Khan. "Dynamics of Mental Health Literacy Among the Academic Staff: A Developing Country Perspective." Global Educational Studies Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2018(iii-i).01.
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Universities are ideal locations for improving Mental Health Literacy and academic staff can play vital role in guiding students about mental health. However, there is scarcity of research on Mental Health Literacy in universities of Pakistan, thus indicating research gap. This research assesses faculty members’ knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward mental health. It also examines roles and capacities of faculty members in guiding students about mental health. Finally, it will examine relationship between demographic characteristics and Mental Health Literacy. A cross-sectional design was used. Population consisted of 441 academic staff of universities of Pakistan. A sample of 251 was obtained through Stratified Radom Sampling. Data was collected through “self-administered online questionnaire” and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Multivariate Linear Regression models. Academic staff had moderate level of knowledge about mental illnesses. They had moderate beliefs and attitudes regarding mental illness, and had played mild roles in promoting mental health among students.
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Mokrushin, Vladimir P. "Evgeny Ivanovich Narozhny: Archaeologist and Historian of the Golden Horde’s Possessions in the North Caucasus (to mark the researcher’s sixtieth birthday)." Golden Horde Review 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 822–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2020-8-4.822-836.
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Research objective: To present the key stages in the development of Evgeny Ivanovich Narozhny’s academic activity and demonstrate his major contributions to the study of the historical and archaeological heritage of the Golden Horde in the North Caucasus. Research materials: This work is based on the results of a comparative analysis of the main academic studies of E.I. Narozhny. Results and novelty of the research: This work analyzes the main directions of the academic pursuits of the researcher and gave a description of his most important conclusions regarding the political history of the Golden Horde’s dominion in the North Caucasus, the dynamics of the influx of the nomadic population, and the state’s role in the region. The author highlighted the contributions of E.I. Narozhny in the study of the ethnic and cultural emergence of nomads and their influence on the history of the North Caucasus, as well as the “urban” population of the Golden Horde, the historical geography of this state, and global historical transformations that took place within a context of shifts in material culture and a change in ideological priorities.
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Saint-Cyr, Legrand D. F., and Laurent Piet. "mixmcm: A community-contributed command for fitting mixtures of Markov chain models using maximum likelihood and the EM algorithm." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 19, no. 2 (June 2019): 294–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x19854015.
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Markov chain models and finite mixture models have been widely applied in various strands of the academic literature. Several studies analyzing dynamic processes have combined both modeling approaches to account for unobserved heterogeneity within a population. In this article, we describe mixmcm, a community-contributed command that fits the general class of mixed Markov chain models, accounting for the possibility of both entries into and exits from the population. To account for the possibility of incomplete information within the data (that is, unobserved heterogeneity), the model is fit with maximum likelihood using the expectation-maximization algorithm. mixmcm enables users to fit the mixed Markov chain models parametrically or semiparametrically, depending on the specifications chosen for the transition probabilities and the mixing distribution. mixmcm also allows for endogenous identification of the optimal number of homogeneous chains, that is, unobserved types or “components”. We illustrate mixmcm‘s usefulness through three examples analyzing farm dynamics using an unbalanced panel of commercial French farms.
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Rothschild, Brian J. "On the birth and death of ideas in marine science†." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (March 11, 2015): 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv027.
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Abstract In this essay, I review six decades of my career in marine science and fisheries, considering the ideas that came and went in the period as “food for thought”. I describe my inspirations and successes, and my disappointments and failures. My activities were both administrative and research-oriented. As regards the former, I was part of major changes in ocean policy and new ocean research programmes that gave me a unique perspective. For example, I was responsible for the implementation of the US extended jurisdiction in fisheries under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Also I conceived and led the creation of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Programme (GLOBEC) and guided it in many international contexts, including its integration with the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP). From a research standpoint, my efforts leading up to GLOBEC strongly influenced the introduction of ocean physics into biological oceanography. This led me into plankton dynamics, food signals, small-scale turbulence and physical forcing, even into the stochastic geometry of the plankton. My life-long interest in the dynamics of marine fish populations was strongly influenced by the seminal thinkers in fisheries and my research explored population regulation processes as well as practical applications of statistics and operations research to fisheries management. In my last academic post, I became founding Dean of the School for Marine Science and Technology (SMAST) at the University of Massachusetts. This position required integrating administrative and research (both pure and applied) perspectives to create an institution of academic excellence which was at the same time actively responsive to issues arising in our local, nationally prominent fisheries. I end the essay with a consideration of “what has changed”.
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Guyer, Jane I. "African Studies: A New Tradition?" Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 1 (1995): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700008969.
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Christopher Waterman quotes a Yoruba popular performer: “Our tradition is a very modern tradition.” The Study of Africa in the U.S. is a very modern tradition in several senses. In the great scale of things, it is very recent. During the presentation of a National Academy of Sciences project on The Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa last year, it was pointed out that only ten years ago the Academy had postponed work on this topic simply because the data were judged insufficient for a scientific synthesis. And it is a modern tradition in the sense of lively expansion and mutation. Most notably, over those same ten years or so the participants in both academic and non-academic study, and in popular culture, have become far more diverse.
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MEL'NIKOV, Roman M., and Valentina A. TESLENKO. "Evaluating the impact of changes in human capital structure on Russia's economic growth dynamics." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.2.200.
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Subject. The article explores the impact of changes in the educational structure of the employed population on the dynamics of economic growth. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the impact of changes in the share of employed persons, having secondary vocational and higher education, and researchers with academic degree on the growth rates of the Russian economy. Methods. The study employs the regression analysis of panel data of Russian regions, the specification with a quadratic dependence of economic growth rates on the share of employed persons, having the higher education and secondary vocational education. A fixed-effects model is used to analyze the short-term effects, the sustainability of results, and long-term effects, using the pool models and random effects models. Results. The increase in the share of researchers with academic degree has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but only if adequate R&D funding is provided. The increase in the share of employed persons with higher education up to thirty percent is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of real GRP in the long run, however, further expansion of higher education has no positive effect on economic growth. Conclusions. A powerful form of personnel training for Russian high-tech companies is a special model of ‘industrial postgraduate training’, which involves the collaboration of universities with industrial partners.
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Giorguli Saucedo, Silvia E., Eunice D. Vargas Valle, Viviana Salinas Ulloa, Celia Hubert, and Joseph E. Potter. "La dinámica demográfica y la desigualdad educativa en México / Demographic Dynamics and Educational Inequality in Mexico." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v25i1.1366.
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En este trabajo se presenta una investigación sobre el vínculo entre los procesos educativos y la dinámica demográfica en México. La tradición del pensamiento sobre población y desarrollo ha partido de la hipótesis de que el ritmo de crecimiento poblacional, el tamaño de las familias y la migración influyen sobre la acumulación de capital humano entre la población en edades escolares. Se explora aquí la relación del desempeño educativo de los jóvenes entre 14 y 23 años y la razón de dependencia juvenil, la fecundidad adolescente y la migración interna e internacional; para ello se utilizan datos agregados a escala municipal del año 2000. El análisis incluye indicadores de la oferta educativa municipal basados en estadísticas administrativas de la SEP. AbstractThis paper seeks to explore the link between educational processes and Mexico’s demographic dynamic. In the tradition of thought on population and development, it has been hypothesized that the population growth rate, family size and migration influence the accumulation of human capital among the school-age population. This study explores the link between the academic performance of youth between the age of 14 and 23 and the youth dependency ratio, teenage fertility and internal and international migration, using data aggregated at the municipal level for the year 2000. The analysis uses indicators on the educational supply at the municipal level based on the administrative statistics of the Public Education Secretariat (SEP).
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Brown, Arleen F., Keith Norris, Rachelle Bross, Yelba Castellon, Norma Mtume, D’Ann Morris, Aziza Lucas Wright, Juan Barron, Sarmen Hakopian, and Maritza Salazar Campo. "4457 Adopting a Team Science Communication Module for Community-Partnered Teams." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.251.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is increased recognition that patients and community members are critical to creating impactful research. To this end the UCLA CTSI Community Engagement & Research Program modified an established multidisciplinary team science communication module to train academic-community research teams. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Community partners who have had previous experience in participatory research provided input such as limiting the emphases of individual academic introductions to group icebreakers (to level the playing field), reduced academic jargon to lay language, reducing the amount of text to key principles, and changed academic team scenarios for the team activity to represent community-academic teams. Academic partners articulated institutional barriers to integrating community into institutional systems. Iterative testing and modifications occurred through pilots with eleven teams (49 individuals). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Embedding community partners in team science training involved creating a level playing field with less emphasis on academic credentials, using lay language in the didactic sessions and ensuring accessibility in all aspects of the training. An example of modifications: communication scenarios were read out loud by participants, which community partners felt were not inclusive of potential varying literacy levels and all partners may not feel comfortable reading aloud in a group setting. The vignettes were replaced with short videos of the scenarios with audio recordings. Several modifications were made the training’s team activity of the training module. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Traditional academic team science training required significant modifications for an academic/community-partnered team to allow for optimal collaboration, inclusion, and strategically reduce the power dynamics that can naturally occur. Long-term followup to assess their effectiveness is needed.
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Šimon, Martin, and Josef Bernard. "Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside." Eastern European Countryside 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eec-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe development of the Czech countryside differs in many ways from trajectories typical for Eastern and Central European rural areas in the last 25 years. In our article, we discuss the nature of the ‘Czech exceptionalism’, with reference to three examples, namely population development, the dynamics of rural/agricultural labour markets and rural governance. Firstly, we describe the major driving forces behind rural development in Czechia over the past 25 years and how these forces are reflected in the academic discourse. Secondly, we argue that an important feature of rural regions in Czechia is their population growth combined with a rapid labour market transformation and a low social importance of agriculture. All these changes are interpreted as a shift towards multifunctionality of rural areas rather than as a general trend towards post-productivism; indeed, this is because large parts of rural areas remain economically based on industrial production. The ongoing transformations have been reflected only partially in an academic discourse. In conclusion, we argue that there is a need to re-examine the use of EEC as a concept framing the position of sociology in rural research.
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Pramadi, Andrian, Marthen Pali, Fattah Hanurawan, and Adi Atmoko. "Academic Cheating in School: A Process of Dissonance Between Knowledge and Conduct." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0052.
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AbstractAcademic cheating behavior in schools have been discussed and reported. Students display academic cheating behavior during tests, quizzes, or tasks. The dynamics of academic cheating behavior is complex and not easily explained with just one factor. The external factors such as peer influence, teacher’s teaching methods, parental pressure, and academic climate are factors that interact with each other to bring out student academic cheating behavior. The grades or numbers from the tests, quizzes, or tasks are used to represent the students’ academic performance in school. On junior high school, cheating is already common, generally conducted during tests or quizzes in the form of copying the answers of other students and cooperating on the test. This research is a preliminary quantitative study in the attempt to describe academic cheating behavior on 139 grade XII junior high school students. Sample collection was conducted with “multistage random stratified sampling” or graded/leveled random collection method, which is a sample collection method with population units grouped into homogeneous groups. Research results showed that there were no correlation between students’ knowledge of plagiarizing behavior with the behavior appearance (r = -.0.096, p = 0.260) and between knowledge of cheating behavior with the behavior appearance (r = -0.08, p = 0.925). However, there was a difference on the appearance of plagiarizing behavior reviewed from the knowledge of plagiarism (F = 2.303, p = 0.038) while there was no difference on cheating behavior reviewed from the knowledge of cheating (F = 1.18, p = 0.355). This showed that the frequency of students conducting cheating or plagiarizing behavior was not merely based on their level of knowledge.
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Zhang, Zhuoni, Tianzhu Nie, and Duoduo Xu. "Family background, parenting practices, and child outcomes: Chinese migrants’ offspring in Hong Kong." Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718823149.
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Using data from the 2011 population census and the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics, this paper examines the academic performance and non-cognitive skills of the children of Chinese migrants in Hong Kong aged 14 and below. Our analyses show that the poorer academic performance of Chinese migrants’ children results mainly from disadvantageous family background and parenting practices. Children of cross-border and migrant families do not differ from children of natives in Chinese, mathematics, or English, once parental education and parent–child communication about school life are controlled for. Children from migrant families have significantly higher levels of non-cognitive ability than children of natives. Our analyses also show that parental education is positively associated with Chinese and English performances; parents talking with children about school life significantly improves children’s performance in Chinese, mathematics, and English; and parental migrant status and parenting practices have positive effects on non-cognitive skills.
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Kabátek, Jan, and Francisco Perales. "Academic Achievement of Children in Same- and Different-Sex-Parented Families: A Population-Level Analysis of Linked Administrative Data From the Netherlands." Demography 58, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8994569.
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Abstract Although numerous studies have examined how children raised in same-sex-parented families fare relative to children in different-sex-parented families, this body of work suffers from major methodological shortcomings. By leveraging linked administrative data from several population registers from the Netherlands covering the 2006–2018 period (n = 1,454,577), we overcome most methodological limitations affecting earlier research. The unique features of the data include complete population coverage, reliable identification of same-sex-parented families, a large number of children in same-sex-parented families (n = 3,006), multiple objective and verifiable educational outcomes, and detailed measures of family dynamics over children's entire life courses. The results indicate that children in same-sex-parented families outperform children in different-sex-parented families on multiple indicators of academic performance, including standardized tests scores, high school graduation rates, and college enrollment. Such advantages extend to both male and female children, and are more pronounced among children in female than male same-sex-parented families. These findings challenge deficit models of same-sex parenting.
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Huang, Jianbo, and Mengyin Hu. "Trends and Reflections." Review of Religion and Chinese Society 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22143955-00601004.
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Christianity in China has achieved a rapid growth in population since the 1980s. This article mainly reviews empirical studies on Christianity from 2000 to the present. Drawing on statistics from the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (cajd), this article begins with an analysis of the trends in both quantity and research interests of large-scale empirical studies. Categories of churches are defined and applied to the analysis of various topics related to Christianity in China and to academic questions addressed by Chinese scholars. The article also discusses theoretical frameworks used to explain the dynamics behind the revival of Christianity and studies of the social functions of Christian churches. In addition, the article reviews investigations of Christianity in social life in contemporary China, studies of religious boundaries and civil society, the causal relationship between Christianity and economic development, its functions in urbanization, and other related subjects. It ends with discussions of Christianity’s global dimension, its identity as a global religion, and its relation to the emergence of a global China.
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Almahamid, Soud, and Omer Awsi. "Perceived Organizational ERP Benefits for SMEs: Middle Eastern Perspective." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 10 (2015): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2301.
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This study aims to examine the impact of organizational environment (top management support, company-wide support, business process reengineering, effective project management, and organizational culture) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) vendor environment (ERP vendor support) on ERP perceived benefits. In order to achieve the study’s aim, a questionnaire was developed based on the extant literature to collect relevant data from the research informants. The population for this research consisted of all users of Microsoft Dynamics Great Plains (a typical type of enterprise system), which is frequently used in Jordanian companies in Amman City. A random sample of 30% of the research population was selected. The results revealed that business process reengineering, effective project management, company-wide support, and organizational culture have a positive correlation with ERP perceived benefits, whereas top management support does not. In addition, there is a significant positive correlation between vendor support and ERP perceived benefits. Academic and practical recommendations are provided.
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Dürr, Robert, and Steffen Waldherr. "A Novel Framework for Parameter and State Estimation of Multicellular Systems Using Gaussian Mixture Approximations." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100187.
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Multicellular systems play an important role in many biotechnological processes. Typically, these exhibit cell-to-cell variability, which has to be monitored closely for process control and optimization. However, some properties may not be measurable due to technical and financial restrictions. To improve the monitoring, model-based online estimators can be designed for their reconstruction. The multicellular dynamics is accounted for in the framework of population balance models (PBMs). These models are based on single cell kinetics, and each cellular state translates directly into an additional dimension of the obtained partial differential equations. As multicellular dynamics often require detailed single cell models and feature a high number of cellular components, the resulting population balance equations are often high-dimensional. Therefore, established state estimation concepts for PBMs based on discrete grids are not recommended due to the large computational effort. In this contribution a novel approach is proposed, which is based on the approximation of the underlying number density functions as the weighted sum of Gaussian distributions. Thus, the distribution is described by the characteristic properties of the individual Gaussians, like the mean and covariance. Thereby, the complex infinite dimensional estimation problem can be reduced to a finite dimension. The characteristic properties are estimated in a recursive approach. The method is evaluated for two academic benchmark examples, and the results indicate its potential for model-based online reconstruction for multicellular systems.
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Lee, Chin Chin, DUSHYANTHA JAYAWEERA, Marjorie Godfrey, Matthias Salathe, Jonelle Wright, and Ralph L. Sacco. "4079 Lessons learned from implementing Quality Improvement (QI) in academic clinical research setting." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.241.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We describe here the implementation of a pilot Quality Improvement (QI) program in clinical research processes in order to facilitate translation from bench to community. This presentation will also discuss challenges encountered by the research teams during the implementation of QI activities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Miami CTSI collaborated with University of Kansas’ CTSA to test the implementation of a QI program for clinical research processes. The program has a duration of 1 year and consists of multi-modal training and coaching sessions with different research teams. Six teams comprising of Principal investigators, clinical coordinators, and regulatory specialists participated in the program based in applied clinical microsystem theory science. Team coaches and teams worked together to assess current processes, test new and improved processes, and standardize and disseminate applicable best practices of the QI program. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The implementation of QI activities in large clinical research settings poses numerous challenges for the research team. We will present survey results from the coaching sessions and follow on feedback from the different teams involved in the program to implement the QI activities. We will describe the modifications and adjustments made to the original conceptual framework of QI program in order for it to be applicable and feasible for the settings of the University of Miami. We will provide recommendations for other academic clinical research centers that are considering implementing a QI program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The successful adaptation of a QI process to implement in academic clinical research settings relies on early engagement of the institution leadership, careful selection of team members, as well as developing communication skills to enhance team dynamics as a clinical research unit.
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Harpring, Russell, Amin Maghsoudi, Christian Fikar, Wojciech D. Piotrowicz, and Graham Heaslip. "An analysis of compounding factors of epidemics in complex emergencies: a system dynamics approach." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 198–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0063.
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PurposeThis study aims to describe the compounding factors in a complex emergency, which exacerbate a cholera epidemic among vulnerable populations due to supply chain disruptions. Basic needs such as food, medicine, water, sanitation and hygiene commodities are critical to reduce the incidence rate of cholera and control the spread of infection. Conflicts cause damage to infrastructure, displace vulnerable populations and restrict the flow of goods from both commercial and humanitarian organizations. This study assesses the underlying internal and external factors that either aggravate or mitigate the risk of a cholera outbreak in such settings, using Yemen as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a system dynamics methodology to analyze factors that influence cholera outbreaks in the context of the Yemeni Civil War. A causal loop diagram with multiple components was constructed to represent the complexities of humanitarian situations that require critical decision-making. The model was built using data from humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations and practitioners, along with literature from academic sources. Variables in the model were confirmed through semi-structured interviews with a field expert.FindingsCompounding factors that influenced the cholera outbreak in Yemen are visualized in a causal loop diagram, which can improve the understanding of relationships where numerous uncertainties exist. A strong link exists between humanitarian response and the level of infrastructure development in a country. Supply chains are affected by constraints deriving from the Yemeni conflict, further inhibiting the use of infrastructure, which limits access to basic goods and services. Aligning long-term development objectives with short-term humanitarian response efforts can create more flexible modes of assistance to prevent and control future outbreaks.Research limitations/implicationsThe model focuses on the qualitative aspects of system dynamics to visualize the logistics and supply chain-related constraints that impact cholera prevention, treatment and control through humanitarian interventions. The resulting causal loop diagram is bounded by the Yemen context; thus, an extension of the model adapted for other contexts is recommended for further study.Practical implicationsThis study presents a systematic view of dynamic factors existing in complex emergencies that have cause-and-effect relationships. Several models of cholera outbreaks have been used in previous studies, primarily focusing on the modes and mechanisms of transmission throughout a population. However, such models typically do not include other internal and external factors that influence the population and context at the site of an outbreak. This model incorporates those factors from a logistics perspective to address the distribution of in-kind goods and cash and voucher assistance.Social implicationsThis study has been aligned with six of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using their associated targets in the model as variables that influence the cholera incidence rate. Recognizing that the SDGs are interlinked, as are the dynamic factors in complex humanitarian emergencies, the authors have chosen to take an interdisciplinary approach to consider social, economic and environmental factors that may be impacted by this research.Originality/valueThis paper provides an insight into the underlying inter-relations of internal and external factors present in the context of a cholera outbreak in a complex crisis. Supply chains for food; water, sanitation and hygiene; and health products are crucial to help prevent, control and treat an outbreak. The model exposes vulnerabilities in the supply chain, which may offer guidance for decision makers to improve resilience, reduce disruptions and decrease the severity of cholera outbreaks.
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Li, Xuemei, and Marina Grineva. "Academic and Social Adjustment of High School Refugee Youth in Newfoundland." TESL Canada Journal 34, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v34i1.1255.
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This article addresses the complex academic and social adjustment issues of newcomer youth of refugee background at a high school in Newfoundland and Labrador, a province where the newcomer population is small but the percentage of refugees in relation to all newcomers is high. Data for this qualitative study include documents from educational authorities and ESL teachers, field notes of classroom observations, qualitative survey questionnaires from 15 newcomer students, and interviews with 6 students of refugee background and 3 teachers. We found that these refugee youth were challenged due not only to language difficulties and educational gaps, but also to differences in educational systems, school cultures, and student-teacher dynamics between their previous school- ing and what they encountered in Newfoundland. They had to cope with social isolation and different practices of body language, dress code, personal hygiene, and sexual orientation. The study also identified inadequacies in the current curriculum, teacher in-service education, and diversity initiatives in the school system. Cet article porte sur les enjeux complexes liés à l’adaptation académique et sociale que vivent de jeunes réfugiés dans une école secondaire à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, une province où les nouveaux arrivants sont peu nombreux mais où le pourcentage de réfugiés parmi les nouveaux arrivants est élevé. Les données pour ce e étude qualitative incluent des documents provenant d’autorités scolaires et d’enseignants d’ALS, des notes découlant d’observations en classe, des ques- tionnaires qualitatifs auprès de 15 élèves nouvellement arrivés, et des entrevues auprès de 6 élèves réfugiés et de 3 enseignants. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes réfugiés sont confrontés non seulement à des difficultés linguistiques et des lacunes d’éducation, mais également à des différences dans les systèmes éducatifs, dans les cultures scolaires et dans la dynamique entre les élèves et les enseignants qui distinguent leurs expériences pédagogiques précédentes de celles qu’ils vivent à Terre-Neuve. Ils devaient faire face à l’isolement social et aux pratiques différentes relatives au langage corporel, au code vestimentaire, à l’hygiène personnel et à l’orientation sexuelle. L’étude a également identifié des lacunes dans le pro- gramme d’études actuel, dans le perfectionnement professionnel des enseignants et dans les initiatives scolaires portant sur la diversité.
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Xiang, Nan, and Yuxi Zhang. "Labour market performance of young migrant workers with heterogeneous educational trajectories in China." China Population and Development Studies 4, no. 3 (January 2021): 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42379-020-00074-2.
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AbstractSuccessful global cities present a spectrum of development strategies but share the benefit of the reciprocal dynamics between tailored education systems and matching labour markets. This paper examines burgeoning cities in China and investigates the effects of the heterogeneous educational trajectories of young migrant workers in urban China on their labour market performance. Drawing on the National Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey, this paper finds striking wage variations among the young migrant population. Migrant workers who attended high schools in current receiving cities earned less than their counterparts who received senior-secondary education elsewhere. Students following the academic track were better off than students following the vocational track. To further explore what has prevented the urban labour market from rewarding migrants who studied in a receiving city, where the education system is expected to better cater to the city’s specific industrial needs, we tested and found evidence of the mediating effects of job industry and occupation. In addition to engaging with empirical debates in the field, this paper develops a theoretical framework to model how the qualitative attributes of an education system affect wage variations among migrant workers.
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Okagbare, Michael Jesuarho. "ASSESSING THE MANAGEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIAN STATE UNIVERSITIES." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 11, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/19.11.30.
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The main aim of this research was to assess the management of Instructional Programmes in State universities in South-South Nigeria. The research employed a descriptive survey research design. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the research. The population consisted of 13,741 academic and senior administrative staff from 6 State Universities in South-South Nigeria. The Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to determine the sample size. In the second stage sampling, Proportionate Stratified Sampling Technique was used with each University serving as a stratum to obtain the number of staff members that is proportionate, which resulted in the sample size of 389 respondents. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher. Cronbach Alpha statistic was used to determine the internal consistency of the items. The result of the research, among others, showed both academic and administrative staff perceived that State Universities manage their staff personnel to a high extent or relatively well and that there was a significant difference between the mean rating scores of academic and administrative staff on the extent to which staff personnel are managed in State universities of South-South Nigeria. Academic and administrative staff perceived that financial resources were managed in State universities in South-South Nigeria relatively well. This means that the relative difficulties perceived to have been encountered by the products of State Universities in South-South Nigeria are either environmental or a result of other variables or dynamics that require deciphering for further research. The result showed that State governments, university managements, parents, scholarship boards, etcetera may confidently send their wards to State universities of South-South Nigeria also called the Niger Delta, for inculcation of university goals. The Study recommended among others that governments, and managements of State universities should increase grants (capital and recurrent) to universities, as this would help the universities to acquire facilities that would ensure the attainment of the universities mandate and vision. Keywords: academic staff, management of instructional programmes, senior administrative staff, state universities.
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Aquallo, Alan Lechusza. "The I/Indian Not-In-The-Textbook: Native/Indigenous Post-Structuralism, Critical Methodologies, Epistemologies, and Tribal Realities as Agency toward the Decolonization of the Territorial Divide In American Indian Studies Courses." Indian Journal of Management and Language 1, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijml.b2006.041121.
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This article focuses upon how, within American Indian Studies courses, there is a necessary border crossing between territorialized Native and non-Native students. Taking the literal borders of Indian reservations, and repositioning these realities as a metaphor for critical epistemological deconstruction, I argue that there is a necessary educational border crossing which is necessary for Native/Indigenous equity and socio-political justice to be realized and acquired as cultural currency. As students within these courses begin to understand, embrace, and challenge American Indian Studies (AIS) courses, and the dynamics of the discipline, there is a self-defined border crossing between, and within, the Native/Indigenous ideological territories, and literal, physical reservation borders, which the curriculum represents. Each student may – or will – find their own point of critical Native/Indigenous inquiry, from which they are challenged and welcomed to embrace, as well as depart from previous scripted EuroAmerican rhetorical references regarding Native/Indigenous cultures. Following this critical epistemology, for the student participant, a new territory of knowledge, cultural, and expressed understanding from, and about, Native/Indigenous Peoples becomes manifest; a new academic frontier is possible. Applying this methodology, for academic decolonization, the i/Indian image/icon need not exist within the textbook(s); the potential for recognizing and decolonizing the physical reservation borders becomes possible. The realities of Native lives – both historic and contemporary - do matter, beyond these limitations and scripted inclusions within textbooks. Whereas a text may prove as a site of disenfranchisement, inequity, and, tribal marginalization, there, then, lies the necessity for Native V/voices to be heard, reviewed, and function as sovereign references and expressions, which advances beyond the terminal reservation borders as agency. This article seeks to challenge pre-determined academic references, mis-representations and re-presentations of Native Peoples, read: the i/Indian image/icon, as well as providing a critique of how Native/Indigenous realities are, then, able to sovereignly relate to the large non-Native population beyond the limitations of a physical reservation border. Taking note that there is no one single educational methodology, which can be applied within American Indian courses, multiple academic perspectives begin to surface, which address the educational process about Native Peoples. The 3 views of Indian education – anthropological/archeological/ethnographic/historical,sympathetic, activist - as I argue, become, and are maintained as antiquated points of articulation, which continue to be employed about Native Peoples, replacing the active dynamics of Native cultures, customs, traditional knowledge, and expressions. This article, therefore, challenges these 3 views of Indian education - anthropological/archeological/ethnographic/historical, sympathetic, activist - noting that the classroom, textbook(s), and their references, mis-representations and re-presentation(s) about Native Peoples, need to be decolonized, following the importance, ideology, dialectics and dynamics of tribal sovereignty, equity, and socio-political justice.
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Spring, Bonnie, David Moskowitz, Angela F. Pfammatter, Ruchi Patel, and Hannah Rumsey. "83678 Bridging Gaps to Equalize Community-Academic Partnership: A Comparison of Capacities With Research Needs Across CTSA Program Hubs." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.683.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our research identifies key opportunities for increased cross-CTSA collaboration, as a means to improve community-research cooperation and better CBPR practices. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Currently, team science training prioritizes developing the collaborative competencies of interdisciplinary scientists to work with each other and, more recently, with communities. Community-facing team science resources are scarce but present among some CTSAs, suggesting that capacity gaps might be remedied through cross-hub collaboration. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We reviewed online information provided by the 62 current CTSAs to identify: (1) which hubs engage in community research, and (2) what resources the hubs utilize to orient, train, and support community stakeholders as research partners. We then examined the capacities of the collectively available CTSA resources to address needed knowledge, skills, and attitudes that community-engaged researchers have identified as essential for community-based stakeholders to partner equally in research. Finally, we explored practical challenges in team-based dynamics (e.g., interpersonal difficulties, expertise gaps, resource management) that may facilitate or hinder communities’ research endeavors, and suggest resources that CTSAs might implement to facilitate team science dynamics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Hubs (n=59) have community engagement programs, 12 of which provide community-based participatory research toolkits. Toolkits vary from basic checklists to fully developed modules. Some hubs also offer consultation services and partner match-making. Learning objectives include: outcome definition, logic models, and goal-setting. Learning resources remain underdeveloped to help communities appreciate the benefits of research engagement and convince academic partners of the value of real-world knowledge and community improvement relative to scientific advancement. Also lacking is easily accessible support to understand the research process, build verifiable trust, maintain bidirectional knowledge and assets, and implement consistent, best practice methodological and reporting protocols. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Gaps between current hub offerings and community needs suggest prioritizing creation of resources whose learning objectives highlight the benefits of research engagement for community partners; foster mutual values affirmation between partners; and offer tools that build warranted community-researcher rapport.
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Zhang, Hong, Wilson Osafo Apeanti, Saviour Worlanyo Akuamoah, David Yaro, and Paul Georgescu. "A mathematical view towards improving undergraduate student performance and mitigating dropout risks." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 26, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 842–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/namc.2021.26.24120.
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In this paper, we assess the relevance of social and cognitive factors such as self-efficacy, locus of control and exposure to negative social influence in relation to undergraduate student dropout. To this purpose, we analyze a compartmental model involving a system of nonlinear ODEs, which is loosely based upon the SIR model of mathematical epidemiology and describes the academic performance of the student population. We examine threshold values that govern the stability of the equilibria and can be viewed as target values to be reached in order to alleviate undergraduate students dropout. A backward bifurcation is observed to occur, analytically and numerically, provided that certain conditions are satisfied.
A sensitivity analysis is then performed to find how the threshold values respond to changes in the parameters, a procedure for estimating these parameters being also proposed. Concrete values are then computed using survey data from a Ghanaian university. The impact of parameter variation upon the dynamics of the system, particularly on certain population sizes and on threshold values, is also numerically illustrated. Our findings are then interpreted from a social cognitive perspective, realistic policy changes being proposed along with appropriate teaching and coaching strategies.
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Chukwu, E. N. "Book Review: Delay Differential Equations with Applications to Population Dynamics, Y. Kuang, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1994, ISBN 0 340 61057 3, ix+160 pp., US$55.95." International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 11, no. 8 (December 1997): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1115(199712)11:8<729::aid-acs457>3.0.co;2-l.
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Alam, Md Jahangir, and Dushmanta Dutta. "Modelling of Nutrient Pollution Dynamics in River Basins: A Review with a Perspective of a Distributed Modelling Approach." Geosciences 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11090369.
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Nutrient pollution is one of the major issues in water resources management, which has drawn significant investments into the development of many modelling tools to solve pollution problems worldwide. However, the situation remains unchanged, even likely to be exacerbated due to population growth and climate change. Effective measures to alleviate the issues are essential, dependent upon existing modelling tools’ capacities. More complex models have been developed with technological advancement, though applications are mainly limited to academic reach. Hence, there is a need for a paradigm shift in policymaking that looks for a reliable modelling approach. This paper aims to assess the capacity of existing modelling tools in the context of process-based modelling and provide a future direction in research. The article has categorically divided models into plot scale to basin-wide applications for evaluation and discussed the pros and cons of conceptual and process-based modelling. The potential benefits of distributed modelling approach have been elaborated with highlights of a newly developed distributed model and its application in catchments in Japan and Australia. The distributed model is more adequate for predicting the realistic details of pollution problems in a changing environment. Future research needs to focus on more process-based modelling.
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Wang, Emily A., Carley Riley, George Wood, Ann Greene, Nadine Horton, Maurice Williams, Pina Violano, et al. "Building community resilience to prevent and mitigate community impact of gun violence: conceptual framework and intervention design." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e040277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040277.
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IntroductionThe USA has the highest rate of community gun violence of any developed democracy. There is an urgent need to develop feasible, scalable and community-led interventions that mitigate incident gun violence and its associated health impacts. Our community-academic research team received National Institutes of Health funding to design a community-led intervention that mitigates the health impacts of living in communities with high rates of gun violence.Methods and analysisWe adapted ‘Building Resilience to Disasters’, a conceptual framework for natural disaster preparedness, to guide actions of multiple sectors and the broader community to respond to the man-made disaster of gun violence. Using this framework, we will identify existing community assets to be building blocks of future community-led interventions. To identify existing community assets, we will conduct social network and spatial analyses of the gun violence episodes in our community and use these analyses to identify people and neighbourhood blocks that have been successful in avoiding gun violence. We will conduct qualitative interviews among a sample of individuals in the network that have avoided violence (n=45) and those living or working on blocks that have not been a location of victimisation (n=45) to identify existing assets. Lastly, we will use community-based system dynamics modelling processes to create a computer simulation of the community-level contributors and mitigators of the effects of gun violence that incorporates local population-based based data for calibration. We will engage a multistakeholder group and use themes from the qualitative interviews and the computer simulation to identify feasible community-led interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe Human Investigation Committee at Yale University School of Medicine (#2000022360) granted study approval. We will disseminate study findings through peer-reviewed publications and academic and community presentations. The qualitative interview guides, system dynamics model and group model building scripts will be shared broadly.
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Wekesa, Violet, Lydia Kipkoech, and Peter Okemwa. "Financial Resource Planning Dynamics and Performance of Upgraded Extra-County Schools to National Status in Western Kenya Counties." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.280.
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The assessment of secondary school success is according to the number of students they are producing to join universities and other higher learning institutions. To increase access to all pupils from primary schools to access secondary schools, the government of Kenya upgraded previously extra county schools to national status to ensure regional distribution of schools across the nation. With the upgrade, the government was required to inject funds to enable facilities expansion. Despite the upgrade, the money allocated and disbursed to schools has always been inadequate to meet the needs of students. Therefore, this demands that school management makes plans for financial mobilisation to ensure that school operations are done without interruptions. The paper looks at the financial resource planning strategies that upgraded national schools in western Kenya have in place for the purpose of improving their performance. Data was collected from eight of the upgraded schools making up the study population where principals and teachers were the respondents. A sample of 156 respondents was selected to answer research questions through interviews and questionnaires. Analysis of data was performed using quantitative and qualitative methods. SPSS facilitated quantitative data analysis. The study found out that schools experienced financial shortfall arising from inadequate capitation grants from the government and delay in payment of schools by students. To cushion themselves, schools had made several financial plans like applying for grants for infrastructure development. Further, despite schools having large tracts of land, some school management did not put into use either through growing grass for dairy farming or planting crops for subsidising school food supplies. Computed correlation statistics showed a weak correlation that existed (r=0.191 and p=0.016) between financial planning dynamics and academic performance of upgraded national schools in the western region of Kenya. The paper concludes that financial resource planning strategies had minimal effects on the academic performance of upgraded national secondary schools in Kenya Certificate of Secondary examinations. The paper recommends that there is a need for school administration to work with stakeholders to identify profitable projects that can be implemented in their school to earn income.
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Stephens, M. E. "The population dynamics of the Mucajai Yanomama. By John D. Early and John F. Peters. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 1990. xv + 152 pp., figures, tables, index. $39.50 (cloth)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 83, no. 3 (November 1990): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330830311.
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Lakhani, Hari Vishal, Sneha S. Pillai, Mishghan Zehra, Ishita Sharma, and Komal Sodhi. "Systematic Review of Clinical Insights into Novel Coronavirus (CoVID-19) Pandemic: Persisting Challenges in U.S. Rural Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124279.
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(1) Introduction. A recent viral outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its global public health concern. There has been an aggressive growth in the number of emerging cases suggesting rapid spread of the virus. Since the first reported case of CoVID-19, there has been vast progress in understanding the dynamics of CoVID-19. However, there is an increasing evidence of epidemiological disparity in disease burden between urban and rural areas, with rural areas having minimal pandemic preparedness and their own healthcare challenges. Therefore, this review aims to provide insight on the pathogenesis and the transmission dynamics of CoVID-19 along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention strategies to mitigate the clinical manifestation of this virus. This review also aims to assess existing challenges of the CoVID-19 pandemic in rural areas based on past pandemic experiences and the effect on rural population. (2) Methods. A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Academic Search Premier, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, along with information from governmental organizations such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO). (3) Results. The causative virus, with its likely zoonotic origin, has demonstrated high pathogenicity in humans through increasing human-to-human transmission leading to extensive mitigation strategies, including patient quarantine and mass “social distancing” measures. Although the clinical manifestation of symptoms is mild in majority of the virus-inflicted population, critical patients may present with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, exacerbated by pre-existing comorbidities, eventually leading to death. While effective coronavirus disease (CoVID-19)-specific vaccines and drugs are under clinical trials, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been adapted to manage symptoms and curtail the effect of the virus to prevent increasing morbidity and mortality. Several persisting challenges have been noted for mitigating CoVID-19 in rural areas, including the poor healthcare infrastructure, health literacy, pandemic preparedness along with the fact that majority of rural population are frail subjects with pre-existing comorbidities. (4) Discussion. The increasing rate of incidence of CoVID-19 presents its own challenges, burdening healthcare institutions and the global economy, and impacting the physical and mental health of people worldwide. Given the clinical insights into CoVID-19 and the challenges presented in this review for the U.S. rural population, mitigation strategies should be designed accordingly to minimize the morbidity and mortality of this contagion.
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Shepel, T. V. "Educational Migration of Student Youth: Challenges and Consequences for Ukraine." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-104-110.
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The article considers the geographical dimension and the main problems of educational migration in Ukraine. The main problems of mass departure of Ukrainian citizens abroad are identified, since they are the most concerning. The analysis of manifestations of educational migration is carried out. It was found that in addition to the decrease in quality of education and the difficult socio-economic situation in the country, the strengthening of external educational migration is caused by the systemic policy of the countries of Europe, Russia and the United States to attract Ukrainians to study under various programs (scholarship, bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral, postdoctoral). The legal regulation of academic mobility in Ukraine as an institutional form of educational migration is studied, the dynamics of the migration movement of Ukrainian youth of the current population of the country is determined. The main trends of educational migration from Ukraine are analyzed, the list of the world countries that are the most popular among Ukrainian students is defined. Current trends and dynamics in changes in migration priorities of the youth Ukrainian population are considered. The popularity of the western vector of the migration movement among intellectual migrants is emphasized. The statistical analysis of regularities of migration processes in Ukraine and around the world is carried out. The main tendencies, factors and relevant institutions that determine directions and intensity of educational migration are identified. Recommendations for the State policy of Ukraine in this direction are offered. The causes and positive/negative consequences of educational migration for Ukrainian society in the future are summarized. The main components of the institutional environment as a technological basis for the management of educational processes migration in European countries are defined. The directions of the State regulation of educational migration in Ukraine in the interests of preservation and development of intellectual capital and ensuring competitive positions in the international market of educational services are formulated.
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Jarah, Sivan, Bo Zhou, Rebaz Abdullah, Yawen Lu, and Wenting Yu. "Urbanization and Urban Sprawl Issues in City Structure: A Case of the Sulaymaniah Iraqi Kurdistan Region." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020485.
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This novel study explores the driving forces and dynamics of rapid urbanization, highlighting the main causes and effects of urban explosion, environmental disruption, and city pattern transformation. This study was carried out that how urbanization and urban sprawl have influenced the structure of the city of Sulaymaniah in Kurdistan region of Iraq. This is because over the years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth and population explosion that has resulted in the exhaustion of social amenities in the concerned communities. For this purpose, a qualitative method is used based on in-depth face-to-face interviews with local authority, including planners, architects, and experts of master planning, as well as professors in the academic institutions. This study also utilizes extensive document analysis to present the evolution of urban growth. The findings reveal that the autonomy, political conflict, non-implementation of master plans, and economic prosperity are the driving forces which are accelerating this urbanization process. It is proposed that the practical policies and strategic urban development plans are urgent requirement to control the unplanned urban growth and stimulate the desired sustainable future urban development.
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Thapa, Bikash Bikram, Dhan Shrestha, Sanjeeb Bista, Suresh Thapa, and Vikram Niranjan. "Urology during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: A Systematic Review." Surgery Journal 07, no. 01 (January 2021): e3-e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722341.
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Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved as a pandemic of unimaginable magnitude. The health care system is facing a tremendous challenge to provide ethical and quality care. The transformation of the patient-based care to population-based care during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised ethical dilemma among urologists. Our objective is to explore the consensus in modified standard urology care, that can be adopted and applied during COVID-19 and similar pandemic. Methods We adopted an exploratory study design using secondary data. The data were extracted from a web-based medical library using keywords “COVID-19,” “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),” and “urology.” We identify and extrapolate (screening, eligibility, and inclusion) the data using PRISMA protocol, and summarize pandemic standard urology care under four main themes: (1) general urology care, (2) choice of surgical modality, (3) triage, and (4) urology training. Result We identified 63 academic papers related to our research question. The majority are expert opinions and perspectives on urology care. The common consensus is triage-based urology care and surgeries. Life or organ threatening conditions need immediate attention. Universal protective measures (personal protective equipment, safe operative environment) and protocol-based patient care are necessary to prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conservation of the resources and its rational distribution provide an ethical basis for population-based health care during a pandemic. Informed decision making serves best to patients, families, and society during the public health crisis. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic tends to transform standard urology practice into crisis standard population-based care. The consensus in crisis is drawn from evolving pieces of medical evidence and public health ethics. The provision of urology care during a pandemic is based on the availability of resources; severity of the disease, consequences of deferment of service, and dynamics of the pandemic.
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Coleman, Marie. "Protestant Depopulation in County Longford during the Irish Revolution, 1911–1926*." English Historical Review 135, no. 575 (August 2020): 931–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa135.
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Abstract The experience of the Protestant minority in Ireland during the years of the Irish revolution has been the subject of much academic and popular debate in recent years. At issue is the extent to which the decline by one-third of the Protestant population of the Irish Free State between 1911 and 1926 was a result either of intimidation, sectarianism or ethnic cleansing during the revolution itself, or of more mundane factors such as long-term patterns of migration and low marriage and birth rates. Drawing upon digitised census returns and the rich detail contained in the records of the Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches in County Longford, this article will show that the causes of depopulation are better understood when precise chronological, local, denominational and gender perspectives are brought to bear. It will argue for greater engagement with sociological literature to define more effectively the meaning of sectarianism in revolutionary Ireland. It will also invert the principal question of why the Protestants left and seek to explain why those who remained chose to do so. County Longford is chosen as a suitable case-study because it was affected by both long-term socio-economic factors and revolutionary violence, and the three Protestant denominations in the county have extensive archives which help to fill the gap in civil data occasioned by the absence of a census of population for fifteen years between 1911 and 1926. The article identifies dynamics present in Longford that can be explored in other regional contexts to achieve a wider national understanding of this demographic shift.
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Miftah, Muhammad. "Islamic Education Politics Ambiguity of Policy Intepretation in Islamic Religious College: between Negotiation and Institutional Authority." ADDIN 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v13i2.7003.
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The superior development priority of Human Resources (HR) is the answer to the twisted development of the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 which is currently booming. Increasing the competitiveness of the Indonesian people through education is a logical and philosophical argument; which the demographic bonus that Indonesia has in 2020 more than 67% of the Indonesian population is in productive ages. Islamic Religious College is one of the locomotives that is believed to be able to deliver its demographic bonus in accordance with the Strategic Plan owned by the Indonesian. This opportunity has also been captured by the education world with the issuance of the Indonesian Qualification Framework (Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia, KKNI) policy and strategic policies issued by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi) and the Ministry of Religion (Kementerian Agama) in welcoming the rapid development. The policy product resulted by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religion at the upstream level has the same goal, but at the grassroots downstream level the policy implementation in each of Islamic Higher Education (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam, PTKI) is very dynamic and sometimes also contradictory to the policies of this institution. The focus of this research is to examine the contradictory realities in implementing interrelated policies in various Islamic Religious Colleges using a qualitative approach. The findings of this research can be concluded that dynamics, contradictions in the policies implementation in various PTKIs due to social conditions, campus politics, academic culture and the authority leader who lead a university, become a trigger for multiple interpretations of a policy product.
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Kahiga, Naomi, Hellen Mberia, and Kyalo Wa Ngula. "INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL DYNAMICS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA FRAMING AND THE PERCEPTION OF OBESITY AMONG MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.1236.
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Purpose: To assess the moderating influence of cultural dynamics on the relationship between media framing and the perception of obesity among middle-aged women in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Methodology: This study applied the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. In the one-group pretest-posttest experimental design all study participants provided with the same treatment and assessment. The researcher therefore, collected data using the pre-and posttest questionnaires. The treatment administered was a television program titled Slimpossible, which showcased middle-aged Kenyan women suffering from the stigma of obesity who were participating in a competition to lose their weight. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was applied in this study. Out of the target population of 1848 participants, the study sample was 317 academic female staff found in three public universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. In this research study, the analysis applied descriptive statistics and the inferential analysis tools such as the Factor analysis (The Keiser-Meyer –Olkin (KMO) test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis (logical regression).
Findings: The study sought to assess the moderating influence of cultural dynamics on the relationship between media framing and the perception of obesity among middle-aged women in Nairobi County, Kenya. Therefore, the finding also brought about interactions between cultural dynamics and the independent media frames in connection to the perception of obesity. It was concluded that the perception of obesity from the African culture and Western culture was different. The respondents had positive outlook on middle-aged obese women opposed to the dictates of Western culture.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In terms of contribution to theory, this study emanated from the cross-cultural communication theory. The theory recognizes the value of culture and how it relates to people’s perception on obesity. Hurn and Tomalin (2013) opined that some of the most strategic researchers in the field of cross-cultural communication include Edward Hall, Mildred Hall and Geert Hofstede in the 1950s.
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Smith, Dianna M., Alison Heppenstall, and Monique Campbell. "Estimating Health over Space and Time: A Review of Spatial Microsimulation Applied to Public Health." J 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4020015.
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There is an ongoing demand for data on population health, for reasons of resource allocation, future planning and crucially to address inequalities in health between people and between populations. Although there are regular sources of data at coarse spatial scales, such as countries or large sub-national units such as states, there is often a lack of good quality health data at the local level. One method to develop reliable estimates of population health outcomes is spatial microsimulation, an approach that has its roots in economic studies. Here, we share a review of this method for estimating health in populations, explaining the different approaches available and examples where the method is applied successfully for creating both static and dynamic populations. Recent notable advances in the method that allow uncertainty to be represented are highlighted, along with the evolving approaches to validation that are an ongoing challenge in small-area estimation. The summary serves as a primer for academics new to the area of research as well as an overview for non-academic researchers who consider using these models for policy evaluations.
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Shankardass, Mala Kapur. "Addressing elder abuse: review of societal responses in India and selected Asian countries." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 8 (June 4, 2013): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021300063x.
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ABSTRACTIn India, during the last two decades, significant developments in societal responses to address elder abuse have emerged. There is greater emphasis on recognizing that older people may be subjected to abuse and neglect by family members and the community as well. Although there is growing interest in the collection of valid statistics on the incidence and prevalence of elder abuse, there is still a need for bringing better clarity on the conceptual understanding and refining definitions of elder abuse. The government, academic community, and the civil society are working toward understanding the underlying causes of elder abuse and neglect and are focusing on appropriate interventions to address it.This paper notes the developments in recognizing elder abuse and reviews the responses in addressing the issue from a legal, social, and public health perspective in India compared with some of the Asian countries, namely China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. While the paper highlights the Indian experience, it is also put in an Asian context where emerging demographics are raising many concerns related to the aging of the population, and the new dynamics of relationships at the family, community, and societal levels demand fresh approaches and thoughts toward improving the quality of life of older people and reducing their vulnerability toward the risk of abuse and neglect.
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Vinnik, Alina Evgenievna. "Evaluation of higher education system management efficiency." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-1-101-107.
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The article presents the study results of the effectiveness of managing the higher education system using the experience of leading countries of the world. The higher education systems of the United States, the UK and Sweden were chosen as the objects of study representing the North American, European and Scandinavian models of education. The educational organizations of the above countries traditionally hold the leading positions in the world ratings, including the rating of the national education systems Universitas 21, rating of the world's academic universities and ranking of the best universities in the world according to the Times Higher Education version. The official data of the leading world ratings in the field of education were analyzed, as well as the distinctive features of the educational policy of the United States of America, the UK and Sweden were identified, on the basis of which factors ensuring the high efficiency and competitiveness of the higher education system in the global educational service market were stated. Among the main factors are the following: high government spending on the education system, increasing the accessibility of higher education for the population, ensuring high quality educational services, export orientation, etc. The system of indicators has been formed to assess the effectiveness of managing national educational systems. The dynamics of coefficient of higher education propagation in the period within 1970-2014 has been illustrated; the forecast of involving the population of the leading countries into the higher education up to 2050 has been presented. It has been stated that in the developing countries the problem of higher education can be solved due to its accessibility and in the economically developed countries it is solved due to increasing the quality of educational programs, rising the number of educational trajectories and costs.
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Kiptenko, V. "GLOBALIZATION: THE GEOGRAPHICAL NEXUS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.4.
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Geography as both a discipline and wide discourse explicitly aims to conceive the Earth as a whole. Human geography contributed a lot to the critical study of globalization. However, the academic inquiry suggests the lack of conceptualization, which can serve as a readable scholarly framework, teaching and learning in particular. This article scopes the weave of terms related to globalization and geography based on the Dictionary of Human Geography. Acknowledging the reservations of the Dictionary of Human Geography itself and understanding the limitations of the survey based on yet one dictionary this article ponders on the foundations, which can framework the geographical approach to globalization. Focus on detecting the key concepts mentioned in the topical article, clarifying their interpretation and logical context for geographical nexus paves the way for platforming the systemized and generalized conceptualization. The basic concepts of economics and social sciences design the ‘flat-world’ metaphor. The last serves to the vital task of human geography aimed to disclosure of taken-for-granted geographical imaginary and an investigation of its (often unacknowledged) effects, thus, geographical conceptualization of globalization. Geographic arguments serve as an integral part of the logic of the ‘flat-world’ geographic imaginary of globalization debunking. The evolution of academic responses to the ‘political version’ of the world’s general state suggests essence, limitations and further development of skeptical, parameterized, geographically sensitive approaches, and counter-hegemonic critique of neo-liberal globalization. The disciplinary nexus of globalization implicitly refers to economic, industrial and agricultural, population and labor, urban and rural, regional, contrapuntal and feminist geographies. Moreover, the context of the above consideration reinforces the role of human and physical the geographies and the formal theories of location and spatialization, in particular. Notions of spatial organization, place-transcending and place-remaking dynamics deterritalization and reterritorialization, etc. suggest the need for further reverse exploration of over thirty geographical concepts and terms – the space, the place, the territory, etc. – in the context of globalization discourse. The mental map of the conceptual framework of globalization and geographical nexus summarizes the key findings.
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Antonio, Pehar. "The significance and influence of religions and confessions on the formation of nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Academicus International Scientific Journal 24 (July 2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2021.24.07.
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The article deals with the religious and confessional identity of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time of Ottoman and then the Austro-Hungarian authorities, and it is trying to define the elements of nationality in their identity. The reasons for initiating the rounding-up of three national identities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Muslim/Bosniak, Croatian and Serbian) and not a common one are also highlighted. It identifies the external factors as well as the circumstances of the internal dynamics of society that have influenced the formation of the nation on the dominant principle of religious/confessional affiliation of the population.
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Santos Vieira de Jesus, Diego. "The unfulfilled promise of education for creative economy in Brazil." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss5.1485.
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The aim is to examine why the promise that education for creative economy could be the engine for socioeconomic development – present in the academic work on creative economy and the political discourse of some leaders and political parties – remains unfulfilled in Brazil. The central argument indicates that the promise was unfulfilled because the maintenance of rigid curricular guidelines in basic, secondary and higher education limits the development of skills and abilities to deal with the constant transformations of creative economy. The unfulfillment of this promise can also be explained by the fact that the financial crisis – motivated by the adverse international economic situation and the political chaos caused by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds by politicians and businessmen – made the Brazilian government reduce investments in research and the maintenance of public institutions. The private institutions of basic and secondary education which prepare students for creative economy charge high monthly fees, which is not affordable for the greatest part of Brazilian population, and the Brazilian state does not seem to work to extend this education model for other public and private schools. Many private universities also suffer from the limitation of student financing programs. The transdisciplinarity among the three knowledge pillars of creative economy – technical / scientific, cultural / creative and business pillars –, as well as the valuation of traditional knowledge and practices and the formation of critical thinking in the light of political-economic and socio-cultural dynamics, is being ruined in Brazil.
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Carneiro, Marcos Tavares, Myriam Bandeira Vianna Cortes, and Julio Cesar Wasserman. "Critical evaluation of the factors affecting Escherichia coli environmental decay for outfall plume models." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2106.
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The Escherichia coli T90 parameter is widely employed in outfall plume hydrodynamic models. Although there is a great deal of academic literature estimating T90, no standard methodology has been validated so far. Estimation of die-off rates should consider many other biological, chemical and physical processes. Over the last three decades, while a great deal of new knowledge about microbial biology and ecology has become available, it has not been fully incorporated into the overall research. Consequently, hydrodynamic models of sewage plumes lack consistency with environmental dynamics and frequently do not fully reproduce processes. This article scrutinized the relevant works that could improve T90 assessment using the most robust and realistic approaches. The most important related literature since the 1990s was considered, together with earlier relevant works. The research focused on techniques and methodologies, especially their ecologic and cellular biology aspects. A brief discussion of the methods applied to evaluate the T90 of bacteria examined aspects like representativeness of incubation, incubation scale, measurement procedures and models’ representations of bacterial decay. The factors affecting population decay, such as solar radiation, salinity and interaction with solids, were considered in the light of the very large literature registry. Finally, biological aspects affecting decay, like predation and genetic resistance, were also analyzed. The resulting updated understanding of T90 may contribute to better managerial procedures that could improve water quality in freshwater and coastal systems, and consequently improve human health outcomes.
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Zhitin, Dmitry V., Stanislav S. Lachininskii, Anna A. Mikhaylova, and Alexander V. Shendrik. "Urban transformation of a post-soviet coastal city: the case of Saint Petersburg." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-77.
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At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, post-socialist cities of Europe experienced an active transformation of their socio-demographic and economic structure. A striking feature of post-Soviet cities was the preservation of the disproportionate weight of industry in the economy against the background of a long absence of the real estate market. This phenomenon highlighted the need to solve the problems of socio-economic inequality within the city and restructuring its economy. This is especially true for Russian cities experiencing the shifts in the territorial structure of the population under the influence of transition to market economy, the third industrial revolution and the change of economic- geographical location. This study focuses on identifying trends in the social segmentation of the urban space of St. Petersburg as the second largest city in Russia and a socio-economic center of national importance. The social stratification of the city was studied at the grassroots administrative and territorial level based on the assessment of spatial distribution and the formation of territorial groups of the population with certain qualitative characteristics. The object of the study was 111 municipalities of St. Petersburg. The dynamics of their five most important indicators of demographic, social and economic development in 1989–2018 was analyzed: real estate tax on individuals per capita; the proportion of entrepreneurs; own incomes of municipalities per inhabitant; the proportion of people with an academic degree; cost of housing. Using the rank method, a social welfare rating was compiled. Information for the study was taken from the materials of the general urban planes of St. Petersburg in 1966, 1987 and 2005, the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service, and from the real estate «CIAN» company. The increasing social segregation by income was revealed. The existing differentiation of municipalities in terms of welfare is shown. The poorest are the municipalities of the southern part of the city (Kolpinsky, Nevsky, Krasnoselsky districts and Kronshtadt), while the most prosperous are the municipalities of Petrograd and Central districts, as well as certain territories of the municipal district of Moskovskaya Zastava, the villages of Komarovo, Repino and Solnechnoe.
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Longman, Timothy. "Twenty Years after Leave None to Tell the Story, What Do We Now Know about the Genocide of the Tutsi In Rwanda?" Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.042.
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In 1999, Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) published an extensive account of genocide in Rwanda, Leave None to Tell the Story. Based on interviews and archival work conducted by a team of researchers and written primarily by Alison Des Forges, Leave None to Tell was quickly recognised as the definitive account of the 1994 genocide. In the ensuing two decades, however, much additional research has added to our understanding of the 1994 violence. In this paper, I assess Leave None to Tell the Story in light of the research conducted since its publication, focusing in particular on three major challenges to the analysis. First, research into the organisation of the genocide disputes the degree to which it was planned in advance. Second, micro-level research into the motivations of those who participated disputes the influence of ideology on the genocide. Third, research has provided increasing evidence and details of violence perpetrated by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). I contend that despite these correctives, much of the analysis continues to hold up, such as the role of national figures in promoting genocide at the local level, the impact of the dynamics of local power struggles on the violence, and the patterns of violence, including the effort after the initial massacres to implicate a wide portion of the population. Finally, as a member of the team that researched and helped write Leave None to Tell, I reflect on the value of this rare sort of research project that engages human rights organisations in an academic research project.
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Artemyeva, E. B. "Tendencies of the library network development in the Siberian and Far Eastern region." Bibliosphere, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-4-31-38.
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Profound economic transformations beginning in the 1990s had a significant impact on the social sphere development, including the library branch. Delimitation of the state ownership in the Russian Federation (RF) on the federal, RF subjects and municipal properties, entailed the transfer of library management functions to local authorities, contributed to increasing the role of a subjective factor and growing inequality of territories opportunity and library services quality, and consequently, public access to information. Siberia and the Far East being far of the country's administrative center occurred in the most difficult position, that is confirmed by experts determining the level of regions development in terms of «life quality». The article presents the dynamics of the public libraries network in the region as a whole, as well as in separate administrative-territorial formations with different ratings on the level of «life quality», it outlines general trends of the university, academic, scientific-technical and specialized library network development in 1992-2015. It was traced the dependence in library branch transformations on changes in the field of economy, science, education and culture. In 2000s the focus was made on the library activities reconstruction within corporations, centers and associations that promoted forming their compensation qualities in the population information-library services. At the same time, it is actual the joint work of libraries in frameworks of the existing traditional library networks with the local development of the region remote areas, their difficult social-economic situation, weak connectedness of the space, adversely affecting the level of libraries material-technical base and their integration into the information-communication networks and systems.
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Galistcheva, N. V. "IMBALANCES IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-242-254.
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The main task of this research is the analysis of the key imbalances in the Indian economy, as well as their reasons and consequences. The article highlights the main directions of the Indian government’s policy in the 1990–2000s aiming to overcome these imbalances. The author focuses on the imbalances in the financial, real and external economic sectors of the Indian economy and underlines features of using labour, financial, scientific and technical resources, which are necessary for its successful development. The article underlines contradictory conditions of the present economic development in India and coexistence of the capitalist and pre-capitalistic ways of production (the small-scale industry), including the cottage industries, in the Indian real sector. At the same time the contemporary economic policy of the Indian government doesn’t aim at the elimination of the pre-capitalistic way of production but at the large-scale business’ activity restrictions in the sphere of the small-scale industry. This policy aims at the creation of favorable economic conditions for the small-scale industry. The author notes the main problems of the social sector of the Indian economy and in the human resources development and points out in the sphere of education the unresolved problems connected with equality of educational opportunities and availability of secondary and higher education for the considerable strata of the Indian population and also with deterioration of academic standards etc. The article also presents statistical data on the present state of the Indian external debt, fiscal deficit, the foreign exchange reserves as well as the dynamics of the Indian external trade, foreign direct investments’ inflow and remittances of the Indian diasporas.
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Picardo Costales, Laura. ""Dime dónde vives pero no sabré quién eres". Nuevas dinámicas en la distribución socio-espacial de Madrid entre 2001-2011." Territorios en formación, no. 13 (November 18, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2018.13.3805.
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En el contexto actual, la creciente desigualdad social y su dimensión urbana están cada vez más latentes desde los enfoques de la segregación y la concentración espacial. Las posibilidades de las clases altas y medias de elegir su lugar de residencia han desembocado en un mosaico socio-espacial particular, manteniendo además las distancias con la población vulnerable. Este trabajo estudia las dinámicas de distribución socio-espacial entre los años 2001 y 2011 en la ciudad de Madrid a partir de la elaboración de dos grupos sociales diferenciados en su situación socioeconómica por su nivel de estudios y de paro y conteniendo cada uno al 20% de la población total. Las fuentes de datos principales son los censos de población y vivienda. Se utilizan dos escalas territoriales diferentes, sección censal y barrios administrativos, con el objetivo de inquirir en la evolución de los movimientos poblacionales y el grado de concentración de los grupos sociales en barrios. Los resultados muestran que Madrid está experimentando una reconfiguración socio-espacial en su territorio. Si bien la literatura académica afirma la existencia de una tendencia a la concentración de los grupos sociales en entornos internamente homogéneos, este estudio identifica un proceso de fragmentación y diversificación social en el territorio madrileño. Esta conclusión da pie a nuevas reflexiones sobre el proceso de elección residencial en tanto que se desvincula con el entorno barrial de la vivienda y entrando en juego nuevas preferencias.AbstractIn the current context, rising social inequalities and its urban dimension is increasingly latent from the approaches of segregation and spatial concentration. The possibilities of the upper and middle classes to choose their place of residence have resulted in a particular socio-spatial mosaic, also keeping the distances to the vulnerable population. This paper studies the dynamics of socio-spatial distribution between the years 2001 and 2011 in the city of Madrid from the development of two social groups differentiated in their socio-economic situation by their level of studies and unemployment and each containing 20% of the total population. The main data sources are population and housing censuses. Two different territorial scales, census section and administrative districts are used, with the objective of investigating the evolution of population movements and the degree of concentration of social groups. The results show that Madrid is undergoing a socio-spatial reconfiguration in its territory. Although the academic literature affirms the existence of a tendency to the concentration of social groups in internally homogeneous environments, this study identifies a process of social fragmentation and diversification in the territory of Madrid. This conclusion gives rise to new reflections on the process of residential choice insofar as it is disassociated with the neighbourhood of the dwelling and new preferences come into play.
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Purnomo, Silvester Hari. "ARSITEKTUR JAMINAN KESEHATAN INDONESIA: CAPAIAN, KRITIK DAN TANTANGAN MASA DEPAN (THE ARCHITECTURE OF INDONESIAN HEALTH INSURANCE: ACHIEVEMENT, CRITIQUE, AND FUTURE CHALLENGE)." Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana 5, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/bikdw.v5i1.173.
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This book has thoroughly described the achievements, critiques, and challenges in the future of the Indonesian health insurance architecture. The author describes his vision of the ideal universal health coverage (UHC) for the country impeccably. His experience as a general practitioner and public health practitioner since the early days of national insurance establishment has shaped his writing style. The author opens with an introduction to the principles of health insurance, such as the aggregation of funds and insurance risks. He also describes the health insurance scheme in various countries before discussing Indonesia’s situation.
The historical development of Indonesian health insurance is aptly presented. Its concepts, albeit under frequent changes are presented as though they have already manifested in architecture. Detailed programmes of the national health insurance, which is organised by BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) are presented with its challenges and difficulties. The frequent adjustment of fund collection and service payment scheme (e.g. the utilisation of case-based group method to replace the diagnosis-related group in service payment scheme) is also described thoroughly. Outstanding claim with a lag of payment time to the service providers is another example of the system shortcoming mentioned in this book. The author emphasises on the breadth of primary care coverage which includes government-owned primary health care centred and private general practitioners’ clinics.
Regardless of the valuable information on the national insurance scheme, there is a lack of the definition and the systematic description of the “architecture” terminology. The readers might need a further picture of the dynamics of a new-born UHC system. The book seems to be directed to the general readers, yet placing more sophisticated knowledge which suitable for higher education students from health or medical discipline. This warrants further clarification on the scope of the audience and reorganises the contents accordingly. There is a potential for utilisation for educational purposes, where the chapter organisation may be modified to the number of periodic class sessions, including a chapter dedicated to changing issues and future challenges.
The author has incorporated actual data, visualised in various graphs. However, the print quality is lacking so the readers might difficult to interpret them. The general population needs enticing figures, while the academic audience would prefer detailed graphics and data tabulation. In addition, there are important changes in the insurance policy between print date and this review, such as the significant change in insurance premium. This issue is quite important to be added in the future revisions.
The reviewer deems the book important. The book itself has its own architecture, achievement, critiques, and challenges. Despite the effort to reach readers from the general population, the medical and health finance policy students would be the most benefited audience. This book is a good introduction to more advanced topics in the health insurance discipline, with routine revisions on dynamic changes in Indonesian healthcare insurance architecture.
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Dias, Sónia, Ana Gama, Daniel Simões, and Luís Mendão. "Implementation Process and Impacts of a Participatory HIV Research Project with Key Populations." BioMed Research International 2018 (May 31, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5845218.
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A participatory HIV research project was conducted with sex workers (SW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) to understand epidemiological HIV dynamics and associated sociobehavioural factors among these vulnerable groups. We examine the impact of this project, critically analysing the processes undertaken and focusing on the advantages and the challenges faced. A partnership was built through two Community Advisory Boards (CABs) and a Scientific Commission (SC). Regular meetings, workshops, and focus groups were conducted with CABs, SC, and partners to assess the processes and outcomes of the project implementation. This participatory research produced change processes with impacts at different levels: individuals, community organizations, health professionals, academics, and policy-makers. Advantages of the participatory process were encountered but also challenges, evidencing the dynamic and complex nature of each project’s stage. This project showed that participatory research can work as an intervention. Indeed, it triggered a dynamic and interactive process of knowledge coproduction and translation into effective community-oriented health actions and policies. The participatory research reproduced an innovative alliance for HIV prevention and sexual health promotion responsive to local needs and priorities. Further efforts are needed to systematize and evaluate the processes and impacts of participatory health research.