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Stahel, Rolf A., Denis Lacombe, Fatima Cardoso, Paolo G. Casali, Anastassia Negrouk, Richard Marais, Anita Hiltbrunner, and Malvika Vyas. "Current models, challenges and best practices for work conducted between European academic cooperative groups and industry." ESMO Open 5, no. 2 (March 2020): e000628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000628.
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BackgroundThe academia-industry interface is important, and, despite challenges that inevitably occur, bears the potential for positive synergies to emerge. Perceived barriers to wider collaboration in academia-industry oncology research in Europe need to be addressed, current academic cooperative group and industry models for collaboration need to be discussed, and a common terminology to facilitate understanding of both sectors’ concerns needs to be established with an eye towards improving academia-industry partnerships on clinical trials for the benefit of patients with cancer.MethodologyCAREFOR (Clinical Academic Cancer Research Forum), a multi-stakeholder platform formed to improve the direction for academic clinical trials in the field of oncology in Europe, formed the CAREFOR-Industry Working Group comprised of experienced professionals from European academic cooperative groups joined by industry representatives selected based on their activities in the area of medical oncology. They jointly discussed academic cooperative groups, clinical trials conducted between academic cooperative groups and industry, examples of successful collaborative models, common legal negotiation points in clinical trial contracts, data access, and principles of interaction.ResultsFour principles of interaction between the academia and industry are proposed: (1) clarify the roles and responsibilities of all partners involved in the study, (2) involve legal teams from an early stage; (3) acknowledge that data is an important output of the study, (4) agree on the intent of the trial prior to its start.ConclusionsThe CAREFOR-Industry Working Group describes current models, challenges, and effective strategies for academia-industry research in Europe with an eye towards improving academia-industry partnerships on clinical trials for patients with cancer. Current perceived challenges are explained, and future opportunities/recommendations for improvement are described for the areas of most significant impact. Challenges are addressed from both the academic and industry perspectives, and principles of interaction for the optimal alignment between academia and industry in selected areas are proposed.
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Ulriksen, Lars, Lene Møller Madsen, and Henriette Tolstrup Holmegaard. "The first-year experience of non-traditional students in Danish science and engineering university programmes." European Educational Research Journal 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904116678628.
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To understand student drop-out from university, research must explore students’ first-year experiences and the challenges they encounter. This article analyses the first-year experiences of non-traditional students in Danish science and engineering university programmes. Focusing on identity theory and the framework of integration processes provided by Tinto, the article presents the challenges experienced by students from non-academic backgrounds and by students with ethnic minority backgrounds. The analysis presents four themes that are experienced as particularly challenging for the students: (1) a strong career focus which is hard for the students to maintain in their transition into university; (2) how the students from some non-academic backgrounds encounter the challenges they meet with limited resources; (3) how they spend time and resources on their family and how this affects their integration in the programme; and (4) the process of academic and social integration are particularly challenging as they require students to submit themselves to the cultural expectations of their studies, which can be hard to understand for students from families with no prior experiences of academia. The article discusses how these experiences can be understood within an identity framework.
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Hossein-Mohand, Hassan, Melchor Gómez-García, Juan-Manuel Trujillo-Torres, Hossein Hossein-Mohand, and Moussa Boumadan-Hamed. "Uses and Resources of Technologies by Mathematics Students Prior to COVID-19." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041630.
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Digital competence in education includes, amongst other things, the ability to create and manage content and information, mastery of communication tools, and solving technological problems. The access to information and communication technologies (ICT) for educational purposes could have affected the academic performance of mathematics students prior to COVID-19. The objectives were to (1) analyze family and economic factors that could influence the use of ICT for educational purposes, and (2) determine what attributes of Melilla’s mathematics students could explain an additional variation in the use of ICT for academic purposes before COVID-19. A total of 2018 students at secondary schools in Melilla were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire with 14 questions regarding ICT and its uses and resources in mathematics learning was administered to students. Statistical analysis revealed that 63.81% of students used ICT to study mathematics and 36.19% did not. Of this percentage, 30.22% failed mathematics and 68.43% reported that ICT does not help them improve their grades. The use of ICT to study mathematics was influenced by students’ perceptions of its usefulness for their academic performance and learning. We also found an association with educational level and time spent on the Internet.
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Rayner, Gerry, and Theo Papakonstantinou. "Interactions among students’ prior learning, aspiration, confidence and university entrance score as determinants of academic success." Student Success 9, no. 2 (March 24, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v9i2.438.
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We studied the effect grade aspiration, confidence in achieving that grade, prior learning and university entrance ranking had on first year biology students’ final grade. We hypothesised that (1) students with higher aspiration will achieve higher grades than those with lower aspiration; (2) students with prior biology learning will have a higher grade aspiration and a higher confidence of achieving that aspiration than those without such learning; (3) university entrance rank will impact students’ final grade; and (4) students with prior biology learning will achieve a higher final grade than those without such study. We found that Hypotheses 3 and 4 were supported, Hypothesis 2 was partially supported, and that Hypothesis 1 was unsupported. If these results reflect broader patterns - that undergraduate student grade aspiration is not a predictor of their subsequent final grade - then targeted information and curricula scaffolding must be provided to better align student aspirations with their actual academic achievement.
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Mathieu, Erin, Anagha Killedar, and Tim Driscoll. "Differences in Student Performance in Epidemiology Depending on Study Mode." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 5, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379919861401.
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Studies regarding the effectiveness of online learning compared with that of face to face (F2F) learning are conflicting. Some studies show students studying online have better outcomes, some show they have worse outcomes, and others show there is no difference. This retrospective cohort study compares competence in epidemiological concepts at the end of a graduate unit between Masters of Public Health students who studied F2F and those who studied online. In this unit, F2F students attended a 1-hour lecture (which was recorded) and a 2-hour tutorial each week. Online students listened to the recorded lecture and covered the same tutorial material through a facilitated asynchronous discussion board or a weekly synchronous 2-hour webinar. Students completed the same optional in-semester assignment and end of semester open-book exam. The results from 442 students (55% F2F) who completed the unit between 2015 and 2018 inclusive were included. The analysis compared final unit marks, controlling for prior academic performance. Results indicate that competence was reasonable in both formats of the unit but higher in F2F students, who after adjustment for prior degree academic performance achieved an average of 4.6 (95% confidence interval [2.2, 7.1]) more marks than online students. The better performance for F2F students was particularly true for students with poorer prior academic performance. These results suggest that F2F mode was more effective than online mode, particularly for students with a lower prior academic performance. Course instructors could usefully focus on enhancing student–instructor interaction and targeting students with lower academic ability when delivering online units of study.
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Yu, Hongwei. "Factors Associated With Student Academic Achievement at Community Colleges." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 19, no. 2 (October 26, 2015): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1521025115612484.
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Student retention has garnered increased attentions in higher education. Drawing from various theoretical perspectives, researchers have developed multiple theoretical models to explain or predict student retention. Most models, however, were intended for traditional aged, full-time students at 4-year colleges or universities. The rapid growth of student enrollment at 2-year community colleges calls for further studies concerning student retention at these institutions. Built upon prior studies, I developed a conceptual framework to understand student credential completion at 2-year community colleges. Drawing data from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS: 04/09) Longitudinal Study, I utilized multilevel modeling to identify variables that explain students’ likelihood of credential completion.
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Curtis, Elana, Erena Wikaire, Yannan Jiang, Louise McMillan, Robert Loto, Phillippa Poole, Mark Barrow, Warwick Bagg, and Papaarangi Reid. "Examining the predictors of academic outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and rural students admitted into medicine via two equity pathways: a retrospective observational study at the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e017276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017276.
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ObjectiveTo determine associations between admission markers of socioeconomic status, transitioning, bridging programme attendance and prior academic preparation on academic outcomes for indigenous Māori, Pacific and rural students admitted into medicine under access pathways designed to widen participation. Findings were compared with students admitted via the general (usual) admission pathway.DesignRetrospective observational study using secondary data.Setting 6-year medical programme (MBChB), University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Students are selected and admitted into Year 2 following a first year (undergraduate) or prior degree (graduate).Participants1676 domestic students admitted into Year 2 between 2002 and 2012 via three pathways: GENERAL admission (1167), Māori and Pacific Admission Scheme—MAPAS (317) or Rural Origin Medical Preferential Entry—ROMPE (192). Of these, 1082 students completed the programme in the study period.Main outcome measuresGraduated from medical programme (yes/no), academic scores in Years 2–3 (Grade Point Average (GPA), scored 0–9).Results735/778 (95%) of GENERAL, 111/121 (92%) of ROMPE and 146/183 (80%) of MAPAS students graduated from intended programme. The graduation rate was significantly lower in the MAPAS students (p<0.0001). The average Year 2–3 GPA was 6.35 (SD 1.52) for GENERAL, which was higher than 5.82 (SD 1.65, p=0.0013) for ROMPE and 4.33 (SD 1.56, p<0.0001) for MAPAS. Multiple regression analyses identified three key predictors of better academic outcomes: bridging programme attendance, admission as an undergraduate and admission GPA/Grade Point Equivalent (GPE). Attending local urban schools and higher school deciles were also associated with a greater likelihood of graduation. All regression models have controlled for predefined baseline confounders (gender, age and year of admission).ConclusionsThere were varied associations between admission variables and academic outcomes across the three admission pathways. Equity-targeted admission programmes inclusive of variations in academic threshold for entry may support a widening participation agenda, however, additional academic and pastoral supports are recommended.
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Olson, Anthony W., Brian Isetts, Anne Marie Kondic, and Jon Schommer. "Comparing the Research Contributions of Community Pharmacy Foundation Funding on Practice Innovation Between Non-Academics and Academics." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 8, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v8i3.528.
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Objective: Evaluate and compare the research contributions of Community Pharmacy Foundation (CPF) funding on community pharmacy practice innovation between non-academic and academic principal investigators (PIs) with respect to the following measurements: 1) “Pharmacy Practice Activity Classifications” (PPAC); 2) CPF “Coordinated Use of Medications”; and 3) CPF Investigator Impact.
Methods: Quantitative data for all 124 CPF-funded grants awarded from 2002-2016 were obtained from the CPF website and personnel, while ethnographic qualitative data was generated from queries of PIs. Grant categorization was conducted by researchers serving as judges trained on the rules and procedures for coding. A threshold level of 90% agreement in scores of independent judging was established a priori. Findings were summarized and groups were compared using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and a thematic analysis of PI ethnographic reflections for qualitative data.
Results: There were no differences between non-academic and academic PI groups for Coordinated Use of Medications and PPAC domains, but non-academics contributed more to two dispensing-related PPAC subclasses: ‘Preparing the Product’ (10% vs. 2%) and ‘Delivering the Medication or Device’ (13% vs. 2%). Analysis of investigator reflections revealed similarities between groups regarding impact on practice innovations, expanded collaborations, new practice tools, and patient-care financing models.
Conclusions: CPF funding contributed new knowledge and resources for expanding and enhancing practice innovations as shown by quantitative (PPAC & Coordinated Use of Medications) and qualitative (PI impact) measures. Similarities between PI groups suggest that the CPF has established a funding niche with unique diversity of practice innovation opportunities. This investigation’s findings may be useful to the CPF’s continuous quality improvement efforts, as well as future grant applicants to assess research gaps in the medication use process and develop sustainable, transferable, and replicable patient-care innovations in community pharmacy practice.
Conflict of Interest
This program evaluation analysis was funded by the Community Pharmacy Foundation (CPF). Co-author Anne Marie Kondic is Executive Director and Grants Administrator for the Community Pharmacy Foundation. The ideas articulated in the manuscript are those of the authors to characterize historical CPF grant funding and do not necessarily indicate or impact future funding priorities.
Type: Original Research
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Hassouna, HabiBA, Kyle Brizendine, and Vasilios Athans. "Real-World Use – Isavuconazole at a Large Academic Medical Center." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.028.
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Abstract Background Invasive fungal infections cause significant mortality and morbidity. Isavuconazole (ISV) is a new triazole approved for treatment of mucormycosis and aspergillosis. Data on its effectiveness outside clinical trials and in patients receiving prior triazole prophylaxis are lacking. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients at the Cleveland Clinic 6/1/2015–1/31/2017 who received ISV to determine 6-week response in a population with varying underlying diseases, and previous triazole prophylaxis or treatment. Descriptive statistics and univariate associations were calculated. Results Thirty-three patients were identified including organ transplant recipients (5), hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (7), and acute leukemia (18). Twenty-five had lung involvement while 13 had rhino-orbital-cerebral disease. In 13 cases, a fungal pathogen was identified: Mucorales (7) and Aspergillus (6). Fifteen received triazole prophylaxis prior to initiating ISV. Twenty-four received antifungal therapy immediately prior to switching to ISV: amphotericin B (1), fluconazole (1), voriconazole (16), posaconazole (4), and micafungin (2). Switching was often to broaden empiric coverage (18). Six-week response according to subgroups is presented in Figure 1 patients had therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Median level (IQR) was 6.75 (5.6–7.0) g/ml. Patients given ISV following triazole prophylaxis, those undergoing TDM, and those with an identified fungal pathogen had increased odds of complete or partial response, but this did not reach statistical significance (Figure 2). At 6 weeks mortality was 36%; complete or partial response observed in 45%. No ISV-related adverse effects reported. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess a real-world setting and a heterogeneous population with previous triazole prophylaxis or treatment. Our 6-week response (45%) compares favorably to published trials (35% Aspergillus; 11% Mucorales). Mortality in our study (36%) is similarly comparable to trial results (19% Aspergillus; 35% Mucorales). No major safety signal was observed. Larger cohorts are needed to describe additional real-world ISV use and determine associations with patient outcomes. Disclosures All authors No reported disclosures.
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Blaskovich, Jennifer, and Natalia Mintchik. "Information Technology Outsourcing: A Taxonomy of Prior Studies and Directions for Future Research." Journal of Information Systems 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2011.25.1.1.
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ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the nearly 20 years of scholarly research on information technology outsourcing (ITO), with an explicit focus on developing a taxonomy for AIS academics and extracting valuable suggestions for AIS practitioners. Our taxonomy subdivides the ITO research into separate streams: (1) initial outsourcing decision and its determinants, (2) execution of the outsourcing contract and dynamics of outsourcing relationships, and (3) measurement of outsourcing results and the long-term organizational consequences of outsourcing. We consider the primary research questions addressed, summarize the major findings, and identify the theories and methods used. Finally, we highlight the limited accounting studies on ITO and discuss directions for potential synergies between accounting and IS scholars.
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Mathis, Noah J., Jonathan T. Yang, Maksim Vaynrub, Ernesto Santos Martin, Rupesh Kotecha, Joseph Panoff, Andrew L. Salner, et al. "Multidisciplinary consensus recommendations for the management of non-spine bone metastases: Results of a modified Delphi process in a community-academic partnership." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e24092-e24092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24092.
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e24092 Background: Local therapy for bone metastases is becoming increasingly complex, but national guidelines remain limited. We leveraged a community-academic partnership to develop consensus recommendations for multidisciplinary treatment of non-spine bone metastases which are generalizable to diverse practice settings. Methods: We convened a group of 15 physicians (9 radiation oncologists, 2 orthopaedic surgeons, 2 medical oncologists, 1 interventional radiologist, 1 interventional pain specialist) treating bone metastases across 4 institutions from Apr 2020-Feb 2021. We distributed a survey to identify questions warranting consensus development in the treatment of non-spine bone metastases. A literature review was conducted to inform answer statements, and evidence was rated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. A modified Delphi process was employed to reach consensus defined (a priori) as ³75% of respondents indicating “agree” or “strongly agree”. Results: A total of 16 questions were identified, including indications for multidisciplinary discussion or referral (n=4), appropriate use and duration of RT (n=4), and handling of systemic therapies during RT (n=5). After 2 rounds of modified Delphi process, consensus has been reached on 9 questions (see Table). Strength of Recommendation was rated A (1/9, 11%), B (5/9, 56%), or C (3/9, 33%). Conclusions: Our consensus process provides guidance for management of non-spine bone metastases that expands upon current guidelines. We also highlight areas where prospective trials are needed, including the role of RT prior to stabilization surgery and the selection of patients for ablative treatment. [Table: see text]
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Imborek, Katherine L., Matthew D. Krasowski, Paul Natvig, Anna E. Merrill, Daniel J. Diekema, and Bradley A. Ford. "Experience With Pretravel Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at an Academic Medical Center." Academic Pathology 8 (January 1, 2021): 237428952110102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23742895211010247.
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International travel has been a significant factor in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many countries and airlines have implemented travel restrictions to limit the spread of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. A common requirement has been a negative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction performed by a clinical laboratory within 48 to 72 hours of departure. A more recent travel mandate for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin M serology testing was instituted by the Chinese government on October 29, 2020. Pretravel testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 raises complications in terms of cost, turnaround time, and follow-up of positive results. In this report, we describe the experience of a multidisciplinary collaboration to develop a workflow for pretravel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M serology testing at an academic medical center. The workflow primarily involved self-payment by patients and preferred retrieval of results by the patient through the electronic health record patient portal (Epic MyChart). A total of 556 unique patients underwent pretravel reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing, with 13 (2.4%) having one or more positive results, a rate similar to that for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing performed for other protocol-driven asymptomatic screening (eg, inpatient admissions, preprocedural) at our medical center. For 5 of 13 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive samples, the traveler had clinical history, prior reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive, and high cycle thresholds values on pretravel testing consistent with remote infection and minimal transmission risk. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin M was performed on only 24 patients but resulted in 2 likely false positives. Overall, our experience at an academic medical center shows the challenge with pretravel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 testing.
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Owee Kowang, Tan, Khairunnajah Binti Mustaffa Albakri, Lim Kim Yew, Goh Chin Fei, and Choi Sang Long. "Characteristics of Creative Students Versus Academic Performance." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, no. 2 (March 18, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.12718.
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One of the challenges for Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Malaysia is to drive the education system to achieve world class innovation. Finding from the prior researches reveals that creativity is the key component of innovation process and crucial element for students to enhance their competitiveness. As such, this research is conducted to examine the characteristics of creative students in the Faculty of Management (FM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and the relationship with academic performance. The research is quantitative based via questionnaire and responded by 60 students from the FM. Through descriptive analysis, Personality, Knowledge and Motivation are suggested as highly important creativity characteristics among FM students. Finding from the research also suggested, Personality and Thinking Style are significant and negatively correlated with academic performance. Meantime, ANOVA result revealed that characteristic of Motivation for Year 3 students is significant higher than Year 1 and Year 2 students. The main implication of the study is there is a need to explore the opportunity to ensure student’s creativity and academic performance are develop in parallel direction.
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Sala, Giovanni, and Fernand Gobet. "Cognitive and academic benefits of music training with children: A multilevel meta-analysis." Memory & Cognition 48, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01060-2.
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AbstractMusic training has repeatedly been claimed to positively impact children’s cognitive skills and academic achievement (literacy and mathematics). This claim relies on the assumption that engaging in intellectually demanding activities fosters particular domain-general cognitive skills, or even general intelligence. The present meta-analytic review (N = 6,984, k = 254, m = 54) shows that this belief is incorrect. Once the quality of study design is controlled for, the overall effect of music training programs is null ($$ \overline{g} $$ g ¯ ≈ 0) and highly consistent across studies (τ2 ≈ 0). Results of Bayesian analyses employing distributional assumptions (informative priors) derived from previous research in cognitive training corroborate these conclusions. Small statistically significant overall effects are obtained only in those studies implementing no random allocation of participants and employing non-active controls ($$ \overline{g} $$ g ¯ ≈ 0.200, p < .001). Interestingly, music training is ineffective regardless of the type of outcome measure (e.g., verbal, non-verbal, speed-related, etc.), participants’ age, and duration of training. Furthermore, we note that, beyond meta-analysis of experimental studies, a considerable amount of cross-sectional evidence indicates that engagement in music has no impact on people’s non-music cognitive skills or academic achievement. We conclude that researchers’ optimism about the benefits of music training is empirically unjustified and stems from misinterpretation of the empirical data and, possibly, confirmation bias.
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Mascuch, Samantha J., Sara Fakhretaha-Aval, Jessica C. Bowman, Minh Thu H. Ma, Gwendell Thomas, Bettina Bommarius, Chieri Ito, et al. "A blueprint for academic laboratories to produce SARS-CoV-2 quantitative RT-PCR test kits." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 46 (September 3, 2020): 15438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.015434.
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Widespread testing for the presence of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals remains vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the advent of an effective treatment. Challenges in testing can be traced to an initial shortage of supplies, expertise, and/or instrumentation necessary to detect the virus by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), the most robust, sensitive, and specific assay currently available. Here we show that academic biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories equipped with appropriate expertise and infrastructure can replicate commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits and backfill pipeline shortages. The Georgia Tech COVID-19 Test Kit Support Group, composed of faculty, staff, and trainees across the biotechnology quad at Georgia Institute of Technology, synthesized multiplexed primers and probes and formulated a master mix composed of enzymes and proteins produced in-house. Our in-house kit compares favorably with a commercial product used for diagnostic testing. We also developed an environmental testing protocol to readily monitor surfaces for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Our blueprint should be readily reproducible by research teams at other institutions, and our protocols may be modified and adapted to enable SARS-CoV-2 detection in more resource-limited settings.
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Schwartz, Candice, Ari Seifter, Ivy Abraham, Caitlin Lopes, Emily Woo, Neeta K. Venepalli, and Rozina A. Chowdhery. "Increasing fertility preservation counseling prior to chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.225.
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225 Background: The 2018 ASCO Guidelines recommend that physicians document discussions about fertility with all female patients < 49 years old at the time of cancer diagnosis. Patients interested in fertility preservation (FP) should be referred to Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) prior to chemotherapy. Retrospective review of oncology patients at our academic medical center over 6 months found that 33% of females < 49 years old had FP discussion documented. We aimed to increase FP discussions and help expedite referrals to REI from 33% to 75% within 5 months. Methods: All new chemotherapy orders were reviewed weekly. Female patients between ages 18-49 were identified and charts were abstracted for the following: age, race, diagnosis, stage, type and line of chemotherapy, and FP discussion. If FP was not discussed, the physician was contacted in real time via email to address FP with the patient and document the discussion. Charts were reviewed 2-4 weeks later to determine if FP was documented. To better understand barriers to FP documentation, fellows and attendings were surveyed to target future interventions. Results: From Dec. 2018 to Apr. 2019, 6/27 (22%) patients had documented discussions of FP. Post intervention, this number increased to 17/27 (63%) with one referral to REI. Intent of chemotherapy was curative in 56% of patients, and 67% were receiving their first line of chemotherapy. 2/15 (13%) patients receiving curative treatment and 4/12 (33%) patients receiving palliative chemotherapy had documentation of FP, both of which increased with intervention to 8/15 (53%) and 9/12 (75%), respectively. Conclusions: Our intervention successfully increased FP discussion from 33% to 63%, but we did not meet our goal of 75%. Per our survey results, the most common barriers to FP discussion were time constraints, inexperience discussing FP, and perception of prohibitive cost to the patient. We are designing our next intervention to address provider inexperience with FP discussion. This will include education regarding the financial aspects of REI and discussion of the new Oncofertility law in Illinois (HB2617), which ensures insurance coverage for oncofertility as of Jan 2019.
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Aydiner, Cihan, Ugur Orak, and Ozgur Solakoglu. "What Factors Influenced Turkish Military Officers’ and NCOs’ Motivation to Serve Prior to the July 2016 Coup Attempt?" Armed Forces & Society 46, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 635–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x19841663.
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Motivation is a key factor for the military institution to accomplish its goals. Extant academic research, however, has generally focused on the combat motivation and the motivation to serve has been understudied. This study examines the motivation to serve and its predictors among Turkish military officers and NCOs. The aim of the current study is 2-fold: (1) to test the effectiveness of measures proposed by previous studies in Turkish Armed Forces and (2) to build on the existing body of knowledge by showing the impacts of perceived fairness and satisfaction with social benefits. Survey data, which were conducted only 2 months before the coup attempt in Turkey on July 15, 2016, were used to assess the motivation. Findings revealed that institutional and moral commitments, organizational responsiveness, perceived fairness, and satisfaction with social benefits were positive significant determinants of motivation to serve, while occupational commitment had a negative relationship with it.
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Weis, Robert, Celeste P. Erickson, and Christina H. Till. "When Average Is Not Good Enough: Students With Learning Disabilities at Selective, Private Colleges." Journal of Learning Disabilities 50, no. 6 (May 24, 2016): 684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219416646706.
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Adolescents with learning disabilities disproportionately come from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds, show normative deficits in academic skills, and attend 2-year, public colleges instead of 4-year institutions. However, students with learning disabilities are well represented at the United States’ most expensive and selective postsecondary institutions. We examined the psychoeducational functioning of students receiving accommodations for learning disabilities at a private, selective, liberal arts college. We also determined whether students had objective evidence supporting their disability diagnoses and academic accommodations. Most students showed above-average cognitive abilities, average academic skills, and no evidence of impairment. Although nearly all students reported academic problems, most lacked objective evidence of academic difficulties prior to college as well as relative or normative deficits in broad academic skills or fluency. Results indicate a need for greater reliance on objective, multimethod/multi-informant data in the diagnostic process. Results also highlight limitations in the current professional guidelines for documentation decision making in higher education.
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Wallis, Katharine A. "Welcome to The Lucky Country: the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners deters overseas-trained academic general practitioners." Australian Health Review 44, no. 5 (2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19276.
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In assessing overseas-trained general practitioners (GPs) applying for specialist recognition in Australia, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) sets a minimum requirement of 2 days per week ‘undertaking general practice activities’ over the 3 years prior to application. The RACGP does not consider academic practice (i.e. relevant teaching and research) to be a ‘general practice activity’, thereby blocking overseas-trained full-time academic GPs from specialist recognition in Australia. The actions of the RACGP have implications for access to quality primary health care in Australia.
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Kuhfeld, Megan, James Soland, Christine Pitts, and Margaret Burchinal. "Trends in Children’s Academic Skills at School Entry: 2010 to 2017." Educational Researcher 49, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x20931078.
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Students’ level of academic skills at school entry are a strong predictor of later academic success, and focusing on improving these skills during the preschool years has been a priority during the past 10 years. Evidence from two prior nationally representative studies indicated that incoming kindergarteners’ math and literacy skills were higher in 2010 than 1998, but no national studies have examined trends since 2010. This study examines academic skills at kindergarten entry from 2010 and 2017 using data from over 2 million kindergarten students. Results indicate that kindergarteners in 2017 had moderately lower math and reading skills than in 2010, but that inequalities at school entry by race/ethnicity and school poverty level have decreased during this period.
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Conroy, David E., Andrew J. Elliot, and Scott M. Hofer. "A 2 × 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for Factorial Invariance, Temporal Stability, and External Validity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.456.
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Achievement goals in sport have traditionally been defined according to the definition of competence alone (i.e., mastery/task, performance/ego). Emerging research and theory from the academic domain indicates that the utility of the achievement goal construct can be enhanced when the valence (i.e., approach, avoidance) of goals is also considered in conjunction with the definition of competence. The present study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of scores for mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals from a measure of achievement goals in sport. The a priori 2 × 2 model fit the data better than any of the plausible alternative models. In a series of longitudinal factorial invariance and latent growth curve analyses, scores for the four subscales exhibited structural invariance, and both differential and latent mean stability over a 21-day period. Achievement goal scores conformed to theoretical predictions regarding their relationship with fear-of-failure scores. The AGQ-S would be an appropriate instrument for future research using the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals in sport, particularly for experimental/intervention research on change processes associated with achievement goals.
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McNulty, Robert M., and Jay M. Mirtallo. "Postgraduate Academic Desires: Senior Doctor of Pharmacy Students." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 5 (May 1988): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200512.
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Senior Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) students were surveyed by questionnaire to glean information about academic training, and residency, fellowship, or practice positions sought after graduation. There were 227 (27 percent of total surveys) responses. Of those responding, 71 percent were Bachelor of Science graduates, 29 percent were Pharm.D. primary degree students, and 18 percent completed a residency either before or during Pharm.D. training. Fifty percent had an average of three years of clinical services work experience prior to their Pharm.D. education. There was strong interest in postgraduate education by respondents: 41 percent for residencies and 26 percent for fellowships. Of resident candidates, 18 percent and 49 percent, respectively, considered research essential and important to the program. Areas of greatest interest in residencies were general medicine, infectious disease, and pharmacokinetics. Important to the selection of a fellowship was the research proposal and concurrent clinical practice. Pharm.D. students are interested in postgraduate training as residents (60 percent), fellows (38 percent), or both (2 percent). Desired activities are research and clinical practice independent of residency or fellowship interest.
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Amin, M., M. Basu, S. G. Patterson, H. Pinkerton, M. A. Torres, M. Newell, R. O'Regan, C. McCarthy, R. Tarpley, and S. G. A. Gabram. "Time interval as a quality measure: What is our baseline prior to nurse navigator implementation?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.208.
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208 Background: There are various outcome measures to evaluate the quality of multidisciplinary care for breast cancer patients. The National Consortium of Breast Centers defines quality of breast cancer care as accurate evaluation and appropriate services in a timely manner. In a tertiary academic center a diverse referral pattern possibly influences time to treatment. We choose to examine two outcome measures before the start of a nurse navigator: Time from initial diagnosis to first consultation and if the pretreatment consultation for those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy included all subspecialists. Methods: Electronic medical records of female patients with breast cancer seen during January-June 2010 were reviewed. Patients with stage IV breast cancer were excluded. Results: 150 patients were divided into 4 categories: external pathology consult (B1), internally diagnosed with a primary care physician (PCP) at our institution (B2), evaluated by a surgical oncologist before the biopsy (B3), and internally diagnosed with PCP outside of the institution (B4). For B2, B3 and B4 we examined the time intervals to first surgical oncology appointment after diagnosis as shown in the table. For all patients (n=10) who received neoadjuvant therapy, 1 patient saw a surgical oncologist, medical oncologist and radiation oncologist, 9 patients saw 2 subspecialties prior to initiation of first treatment. Conclusions: Patients are seen within an average of 2 weeks whether they are diagnosed internally (B2, B3) or externally (B4). The group seen by a surgical oncologist prior to biopsy (B3) were seen sooner. For the patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, 10% saw all 3 specialties prior to initiation of therapy. In July 2010 a nurse navigator was added to the care team. With this new position, our goal is to decrease the time from biopsy to visit by 33% and have 100% of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy evaluated by all 3 specialists prior to treatment. Our intent is to quantify the effect of a nurse navigator in a large academic center as a quality metric in improving care. [Table: see text]
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Didwania, Aashish, William C. McGaghie, Elaine R. Cohen, John Butter, Jeffrey H. Barsuk, Leonard D. Wade, Rozanna Chester, and Diane B. Wayne. "Progress Toward Improving the Quality of Cardiac Arrest Medical Team Responses at an Academic Teaching Hospital." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00144.1.
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Abstract Background Internal medicine (IM) residents who undergo simulation-based advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training are significantly more likely to manage actual events according to American Heart Association (AHA) standards than nontrained residents. How long ACLS skills are retained is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of ACLS responses from January to June 2008 and reviewed medical records to assess adherence to AHA standards. Cases and controls are team responses to ACLS events divided into those directed by postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) IM resident leaders versus those managed by PGY-3 IM resident leaders. Residents in 2008 completed an educational program featuring deliberate practice in ACLS using a human patient simulator during their second year. Medical records of ACLS events were reviewed to assess adherence to AHA guidelines. We evaluated the effects of simulation training on quality of ACLS care during the 2008 period and in comparison with historical 2004 data. Results In 2008, 1 year after simulation training, PGY-3 residents showed the same adherence to AHA standards (88% [SD, 17%]) as that of PGY-2 residents who were newly simulator trained (86% [SD, 18%]) (P = .77). Previously, in 2004, PGY-2 simulator-trained residents showed significantly higher adherence to AHA standards (68% [SD, 20%]) than nonsimulator-trained PGY-3 residents (44% [SD, 20%]) (P < .001). All resident groups in 2008 outperformed their 2004 peers. Conclusions Improved quality of ACLS care was maintained by 2008 PGY-3 simulator-trained residents 1 year after training, likely due to skill retention rather than increased clinical experience, as a prior cohort of PGY-3 residents did not perform as well as PGY-2 residents in actual ACLS care. Our results confirm prior work regarding the impact of simulation-based education to improve the quality of actual patient care.
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Fatwa, Muhammad Wawan, Ahmad Harjono, and Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Dan Penguasaan Konsep Sains Ditinjau Dari Pengetahuan Awal Peserta Didik." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 4, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v4i1.572.
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The study intended to discover : 1) the impact of Guided Inquiry Learning Model (henceforth, GILM) towards students scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery which was reviewed from their prior knowleadge (high or low ), 2) the impact of students basic level of knowledge towards their scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery, and 3) the interaction between learning model and students prior knowledge towards their scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery. The study employed quasi experimental method with 2 x 2 factorial analyses. The study was conducted in Junior High School 2 Mataram (SMPN 2 Mataram) in academic year of 2016/2017. The sample of data collection utilized cluster random sampling technique. Both experimental and control groups were consisted of 62 students. Scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery observation sheets were used as research instruments. The data analyzed with Anava with SPSS version 20 for windows. The results showed that 1) there was a significant impact of GILM and conventional learning model towards students’ scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery, 2) there was no significant impact of students prior knowledge towards their scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery, 3) there was no interaction between learning models and students’ prior knowledge towards their scientific processing skills and conceptual mastery.
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Huntley, Colin, Adam Vasconcellos, Karl Doghramji, Benedikt Hofauer, Clemens Heiser, and Maurits Boon. "Upper Airway Stimulation in Patients Who Have Undergone Unsuccessful Prior Palate Surgery: An Initial Evaluation." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 159, no. 5 (August 7, 2018): 938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818792191.
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Upper airway stimulation therapy (UAS) is a new option for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We set out to evaluate the effectiveness of UAS in patients who have undergone prior palate surgery. We designed a retrospective review and evaluated patients undergoing UAS at 2 academic centers. We recorded demographic and pre- and postoperative polysomnogram (PSG) data. We compared the cohort of patients who had undergone prior palate surgery, “prior surgery,” to the cohort who had not, “no prior surgery.” A total of 164 patients were included in the study: 23 in the prior surgery and 141 in the no prior surgery groups. The mean age was significantly higher in the no prior surgery group ( P = .020). There were no other significant differences when comparing demographic, quality of life, or PSG variables between cohorts. UAS therapy is an option to treat OSA in patients having undergone unsuccessful prior palate surgery.
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Staff, Jeremy, John E. Schulenberg, and Jerald G. Bachman. "Adolescent Work Intensity, School Performance, and Academic Engagement." Sociology of Education 83, no. 3 (July 2010): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040710374585.
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Teenagers working more than 20 hours per week perform worse in school than youth who work less. There are two competing explanations for this association: (1) that paid work takes time and effort away from activities that promote achievement, such as completing homework, preparing for examinations, getting help from parents and teachers, and participating in extracurricular activities, and (2) that the relationship between paid work and school performance is spurious, reflecting preexisting differences between students in academic ability, motivation, and school commitment. Using longitudinal data from the ongoing national Monitoring the Future project, this research examines the impact of teenage employment on school performance and academic engagement during the 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. The authors address issues of spuriousness by using a two-level hierarchical model to estimate the relationships of within-individual changes in paid work to changes in school performance and other school-related measures. Unlike in prior research, the authors compare youth school performance and academic orientation when they are actually working in high-intensity jobs to when they are jobless and wish to work intensively. Results indicate that the mere wish for intensive work corresponds with academic difficulties in a manner similar to actual intensive work.
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Nahi, Skylar L., Aneesha A. Shetty, Sajal D. Tanna, and Joseph R. Leventhal. "Renal allograft function in kidney transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV 2: An academic single center experience." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252979.
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Background Kidney transplant recipients are a unique cohort in regard to SARS-CoV 2 susceptibility and clinical course, owing to their immunosuppressed state and propensity for kidney injury. The primary purpose of this study is to ascertain if, in kidney transplant recipients, SARS-CoV 2 infection impacts long term renal allograft function. Methods This retrospective, single-center study reviewed 53 kidney transplant recipients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR at NMH from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020. Results Change in eGFR from baseline kidney function prior to infection to 90 days after the first positive SARS-CoV 2 test was +1.76%, -17.5% and -23.16% the mild, moderate and severe disease groups respectively. There was a significant decline in kidney function in the moderate and severe disease cohorts as compared to the mild disease cohort, with respective p values of p = 0.0002 and p = 0.021. Relative to the mild disease cohort, the moderate and severe disease cohorts also demonstrated significantly increased risk of developing AKI (66%, 85%), both with p values of P = 0.0001. Conclusions Clinically severe SARS-CoV 2 infection is associated with greater risk of acute kidney injury and greater decline in renal allograft function at 90 days post infection, compared to mild disease.
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Patel, Monaliben, Debora S. Bruno, Lauren McCaulley, and Piyush Srivastava. "Decreasing the number of authorization denials in an academic medical oncology practice." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.212.
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212 Background: Prior authorizations in medical oncology generate additional work and subsequent stress to providers, contributing to physician burnout. Denials of payments can also impact patient care and lead to loss of revenue for the institution. In 2018, first pass denial rates averaged 8.41% per month at our institution. Imaging/scans denials created the majority of this additional work for providers. We aimed to decrease the monthly first pass denial rate average of oncology scans by 25% by May 31, 2020. Methods: Following the creation of a process map of the current prior authorization process and a cause and effect diagram, we identified many factors that could not be controlled (i.e. Insurance company policies). We subsequently created a priority/pay-off-matrix using factors that we could control. Introducing standardized order template for oncology scans was identified as a high impact and feasible countermeasure. Plan-do-study-act cycles (PDSA) plan was developed using this countermeasure to achieve our aim. PDSA 1 included creating template for order entry, educating the nurse partners and advance practice providers (APPs). PDSA 2 included educating physicians and measuring the compliance rate of the template. PDSA 3 addressed the barriers for compliance and education on resources was provided. PDSA 4 included education of the prior authorization staff and reinforcement of template use. A sustainability plan created consisting of a designated RN liaison for review of peer-to-peer requests for oncology scans. Results: PDSA 1: 100% of the nurse partners and APPs were educated. PDSA2: 80% of physicians were educated and 32.8% compliance rate of template use. PDSA 3: 39.2% compliance. PDSA 4: 95% of the radiology prior authorization staff was educated. While our compliance rate for the standardized order template use did increase, we identified many other opportunities to improve the process. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, resources have been temporarily allocated to relief efforts and the sustainability plan continues to be a work in progress. Conclusions: Peer to peer requests for imaging/scans following authorization denials consume time and effort of providers contributing to burnout and potentially impacting patient care. While many factors cannot be controlled, standardizing ordering process and educating the involved personnel may decrease the number for peer to peer requests. ASCO’s quality training program process helped our institution identify a provider controlled barrier and helped standardize this approach.
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Hiscox, Julian A., Saye H. Khoo, James P. Stewart, and Andrew Owen. "Shutting the gate before the horse has bolted: is it time for a conversation about SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral drug resistance?" Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 9 (June 18, 2021): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab189.
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Abstract This article provides a brief overview of drug resistance to antiviral therapy as well as known and emergent variability in key SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences. The purpose is to stimulate deliberation about the need to consider drug resistance prior to widespread roll-out of antivirals for SARS-CoV-2. Many existing candidate agents have mechanisms of action involving drug targets likely to be critical for future drug development. Resistance emerged quickly with monotherapies deployed for other pulmonary viruses such as influenza virus, and in HIV mutations in key drug targets compromised efficacy of multiple drugs within a class. The potential for drug resistance in SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been rigorously debated or assessed, and we call for more academic and industry research on this potentially important future threat prior to widespread roll-out of monotherapies for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.
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Hwang, Suhlim, Rebecca Waller, David J. Hawes, and Jennifer L. Allen. "The Influence of Antisocial Behavior and Callous-Unemotional Traits on Trajectories of School Engagement and Achievement in South-Korean Children." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50, no. 4 (March 11, 2021): 788–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01414-2.
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AbstractPoor educational outcomes are common among children with antisocial behavior problems, including among a subgroup of antisocial children with callous-unemotional traits, who show deficits in empathy, guilt, and prosociality. However, few studies have explored the unique contributions of antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits to school outcomes and most prior studies have been conducted in Western countries. The current study thus tested associations between callous-unemotional traits, antisocial behavior, and trajectories of school outcomes among South Korean children. Participants aged 10-12 years (N = 218; 52% boys) completed questionnaires assessing antisocial behavior, callous-unemotional traits, verbal ability, and school engagement, and teachers provided children’s Math and Korean grades at three time points during a single academic year. Prospective associations were explored in conditional latent growth curve models. Both antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits were related to lower school engagement at the start of the academic year, but the magnitude of the associations was greater for callous-unemotional traits, suggesting a greater adverse effect of callous-unemotional traits on engagement than antisocial behavior. Moreover, children with high levels of callous-unemotional traits showed stable and low levels of school engagement. There were no significant predictive associations between antisocial behavior or callous-unemotional traits and trajectories of academic grades. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving educational outcomes among antisocial children should be tailored according to the presence of callous-unemotional traits to target the specific needs of individual students, particularly at the start of the school year.
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Purwati, Chris, Muhammad Akhyar, and Siti Sutarmi Fadhilah. "Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Melalui Implementasi Model STAD Pada Mata Pelajaran PKn Kelas IV SD 5 Bae Kabupaten Kudus Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015." Teknodika 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/teknodika.v15i1.34924.
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<p>The objectives of this research are: (1) to improve of the learning motivation in civics education subject matter of the students in grade IV of primary school 5 of Bae, Kudus regency in academic year 2014/2015; and (2) to improve the learning achievement in civics education subject matter of the students in grade iv of primary school 5 of Bae, Kudus regency in academic year 2014/2015. This research used the classroom action research with two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four phases, namely: Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. The subjects of research were the students in grade IV of the school. The data of research were collected through observation, documentation, in-depth interview, and test of learning achievement. They were analyzed by using the descriptive model o analysis. The results of research are as follows: 1) The STAD learning model can improve the learning motivation in Civics Education subject matter of the students in Grade IV of Primary School 5 of Bae, Kudus Regency in Academic Year 2014/2015. It trains the students to deliver their opinions and to have cooperation or teamwork in their own team. Prior to the treatment (Pre-cycle), their learning motivation was 53.99%. After the treatment, it became 65.22% in cycle I and 82.61% in cycle II respectively. 2) The STAD learning model can also improve the learning achievement in Civics Education subject matter of the students in Grade IV of Primary School 5 of Bae, Kudus Regency in Academic Year 2014/2015. Prior to the treatment, the percentage of the students’ learning completeness was 26.09%. After the treatment, it became 56.52% in Cycle I and<br />95.65% in Cycle II respectively.</p>
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Bennett, Charles, Eleasa vanSlooten, Matthew Bialkowski, Alyssa Trenery, Ashlyn Byrne, Alanna Murday, Paul Yarnold, Zaina Parvez Qureshi, and A. Oliver Sartor. "Evaluating Conflicts of Interest in Academic Research On Erythropoietin Receptors in the Cancer Setting." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4695.4695.
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Abstract Abstract 4695 Background: We previously reported that among preclinical cancer articles published prior to 2008, academic researchers without financial conflicts of interest were significantly more likely than academic researchers with financial conflicts or researchers employed by erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) manufacturers to identify erythropoietin (Epo)-induced cancer-related signaling events and Epo-induced changes in functions of cancer cells.(Arch Int Med 2010) In 2007, the National Cancer Institute convened a workshop on Epo-receptors for 14 academic researchers and six researchers employed by ESA manufacturers. We update our analysis following this workshop. Methods: Articles identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1989–2012) investigating preclinical ESA findings were reviewed. Outcomes included Epo-receptors, Epo-induced signaling events, Epo-induced cellular function events, and qualitative conclusions among reports published since the 2007 meeting. Recent publications before versus after the NCI workshop according to source of research funding were analyzed. Outcomes were reported according to academic investigators without financial conflicts of interest (26 publications post-2008; 64 publications pre-2008), academic investigators with financial conflicts (5 versus 7 publications) and investigators employed by ESA manufacturers (2 versus 3 publications). Results: Since 2008, academic investigators without financial conflicts of interest and academic investigators with financial conflicts differed from researchers employed by ESA-manufacturers with respect to identifying the following EPO-induced events: signaling associated with tumor promotion (86%, 100%, versus 0%; p=0.06), cellular function changes associated with tumor growth/metastases (86%, 67%, and 0%; p=0.06). We qualitatively concluded that preclinical findings raised concerns that ESAs could be harmful clinically (77%, 40%, and 0%, p=0.03). Prior to 2008, academic investigators without financial conflicts of interest differed from academic investigators with financial conflicts and researchers employed by ESA manufacturers for these same outcomes (signaling events, 94%, 0%, and 0%, p=0.001; cellular changes (57%, 0%, and 0%, p=0.007), and qualitative conclusions regarding potential harm (57%, 0%, and 0%, p=0.007), respectively. Conclusions: The potential for conflicts of interest to affect preclinical research findings dissipated, following an NCI-convened workshop, for academic researchers with financial conflicts of interest, but not for researchers employed by ESA manufacturers. Disclosures: Bialkowski: Eli Lilly: family member employment Other. Sartor:Amgen: Consultancy.
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Sharpe, Matthew, and Kirk Turner. "Bibliopolitics: The History of Notation and the Birth of the Citational Academic Subject." Foucault Studies, no. 25 (October 22, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v25i2.5578.
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The paper builds upon a growing body of critical research on the proliferating use of bibliometrics as a means to evaluate academic research, but brings to it a specifically Foucauldian, genealogical approach. The paper has three parts. Part 1 situates bibliometrics as a new technology of neoliberal, biopolitical governmentality, alongside the host of other ‘metrics’ (led by biometrics) that have emerged in the last two decades. Part 2 analyses bibliometrics’ antecedents in prior notational practices in the Western heritage, highlighting how forms of noting have almost always had political valences tied to projects of control or subversion. Part 3 then delineates the specific features of bibliometrics as a new form of notation, highlighting the latest forms of academic subjectivity bibliometrics suppose and increasingly are summoning into being.
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Biasi, Valeria, Conny De Vincenzo, Nazarena Patrizi, Mauro Mosca, and Sabrina Fagioli. "The Combined Application of MMPI-2 and OQ-45 to Detect and Measure the Effectiveness of Psychological University Counselling." Journal of Educational and Social Research 10, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0041.
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The main aim of the present study concerns the analysis of the evolution of psychological distress during university counselling treatment, taking into account the initial mental health conditions of the students involved by means of standardized clinical measures. During a preliminary interview, we collected socio-demographic information, academic problems and health conditions of 110 university students who had requested psychological counselling. We applied the MMPI-2 questionnaire prior to the treatment, and we detected the evolution of distress by administering the OQ-45 scale at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-months follow-up. Results indicate that all OQ-45 dimensions register a statistically significative reduction during the counselling treatment. Moreover, the high correlations between the OQ-45 scale and MMPI-2 questionnaire underline the consistency of the evolution of OQ-45 scores starting from the valid initial mental health assessment carried out by the MMPI. In addition, we explored the predictive role of MMPI-2 dimensions on the OQ-45 scale: only the Psychopathic Deviation (PD) dimension appeared predictive of the positive evolution of the treatment. This is relevant considering a non-clinical sample of university students in which social maladjustment, self-alienation, and social alienation can represent a real high risk for academic success. In conclusion, data analysis shows the appropriateness of the combined use of MMPI-2 and OQ-45 questionnaires in psychological counselling in the academic setting to evaluate, firstly, the validity of the individual clinical profile and, consequently, the response to the treatment offered.
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Becton, Alicia B., Jerome Fischer, Noel A. Ysasi, Abdoulaye Diallo, and Yuleinys A. Castillo. "Employment of Latinos with Disabilities: The Impact on Academic/Work Self-Concept." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.47.2.3.
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As the projected growth of Latinos in the United States is substantially high and unemployment rates significantly low, the need exists for rehabilitation professionals to be aware of factors affecting successful employment outcomes. Subsequently, self-concept has been considered a contributing factor affecting employment outcomes, although varying results exist. In view of job placement services often provided through vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies and/or community rehabilitation programs (CRP), this study investigated the relationship of various self-concept variables and academic/work concept as measured by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale 2 (TSCS2) with job placement practice. Results indicated significant relationships among Identity and Satisfaction, and Academic/Work self-concept. In addition, Family, Physical, and Identity self-concepts were positively correlated with number of days in job placement services prior to employment. Implications for rehabilitation professionals, and future research are discussed.
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Servais, Abigail, John Schoen, Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, Erica J. Stohs, and Scott Bergman. "1023. Isavuconazonium Use at an Academic Transplant Center." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.887.
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Abstract Background Isavuconazonium is an appealing anti-fungal due to its broad spectrum of activity, predictable pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and lack of QTc prolongation, but real-world experience with it is limited. At our academic medical center, isavuconazonium is restricted to the infectious diseases (ID) service for treatment of invasive fungal infections, including endemic mycoses due to high prevalence, and is recommended for patients intolerant of first-line agents. The purpose of this study was to describe isavuconazonium use at our institution and assess adherence to its formulary guidelines. Methods Inpatients with an order for isavuconazonium between June 2016 and November 2018 were analyzed via retrospective chart review. Prescribing team, indication, and rationale for use were evaluated. Results There were 97 inpatient encounters with an isavuconazonium order among 57 patients. Of those, 30 were solid-organ transplants and 9 had bone marrow transplants. Indications for isavuconazonium were: histoplasmosis 25%, high-risk fungal prophylaxis 21%, invasive aspergillosis 9%, candidiasis 2%, and other 44% (Table 1). Preceding anti-fungal therapy included: voriconazole 49%, posaconazole 12%, fluconazole 9%, micafungin 7%, amphotericin B 5%, itraconazole 4%, and none 35%. The rationale for the use of isavuconazonium is described in Table 2. ID consultation occurred in 79% of patients. Those without a consult had an indication of prophylaxis or were continuation of therapy started outpatient or at an outside hospital (OSH). Conclusion Histoplasmosis was the most common infection treated with isavuconazonium, despite limited data for that indication. Further investigation of the clinical course for these patients is warranted. Reasons for use most commonly centered on concern for QTc prolongation, clinical failure, and drug interactions. Over one-third of patients received no anti-fungal therapy prior to initiation. Adherence to required ID consultation was high. Patients on isavuconazonium for prophylaxis or as continuation therapy without a consult may still benefit from ID review to assess the appropriateness of therapy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Kim, Jinhyung, Andrew G. Christy, Rebecca J. Schlegel, M. Brent Donnellan, and Joshua A. Hicks. "Existential Ennui." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 7 (August 25, 2017): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617727587.
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Two studies ( N = 649) examined the association between self-alienation (SA; i.e., feelings of detachment from one’s true self) and academic amotivation (AA; i.e., lack of motivation in the academic domain). Based on classical and contemporary theories, a strong link between alienation and amotivation was predicted. A cross-sectional correlation study (Study 1) found that SA significantly predicted AA controlling for relevant variables (e.g., self-efficacy). A four-wave longitudinal design (Study 2) tested the reciprocal relationship between SA and AA within persons. Contrary to the a priori hypothesis that SA would predict amotivation, the path from AA to SA was more consistent and reliable than the other path. The potential bidirectional links between SA and AA, implications, and future directions are discussed.
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Windmill, Ian M. "Academic Programs, Class Sizes, and Obstacles to Growth in Audiology." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 05 (May 2013): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.5.8.
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Background: Over the past 25 yr, the number of academic programs in audiology has been cut by half, yet there continue to be calls for further reductions in the number of programs. Reducing the number of programs potentially affects the number of graduates and therefore could impact the availability of audiologists in the future. There is a question as to whether academic programs in audiology could accommodate more students. Purpose: To examine the impact of closure of programs on the number of graduates and to identify obstacles to programs growing class sizes. Data Collection and Analysis: An analysis of audiology class sizes over time based on data available from the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders, and a comparison of audiology class sizes with other health professions, to identify trends that affect growth in program size. Results: The key obstacles to growth of academic programs are (1) the availability of sufficient clinical experiences to meet the licensure and certification requirements and (2) financial resources to expand didactic and clinical teaching needs associated with larger class sizes. Conclusions: (1) Certification regulations and licensure laws should be revised to eliminate requirements that directly impact on academic programs or students prior to graduation. (2) The profession should undertake the effort designed to change Medicare regulations to allow alternative supervision models. (3) Academic programs need freedom to be creative in their approaches to teaching and financing programs. (4) A concerted and coordinated effort needs to be undertaken to increase the number of persons interested in audiology as a career.
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Domino, Steven E., and R. Kevin Reynolds. "Implementation and Initial Evaluation of an Academic Career Development Curriculum for Fellows." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00025.1.
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Abstract Objective To develop and evaluate an academic career development curriculum. Methods We anonymously surveyed 25 fellows and advanced trainees in 9 obstetrics and gynecology subspecialty fellowships prior to the start of an academic career development common curriculum in 2007. Results were compared with responses from the same survey given at the completion of the 2-year program to guide and improve the curriculum. Fourteen surveys were completed for both administrations. Results Most fellows expressed the desire to pursue academic careers and planned to present and publish research from their fellowship in both surveys. After completing the curriculum, fellows reported overall improvement in self-appraised confidence for speaking at national meetings and preparing a research grant. The most substantial change in self-assessment was increased awareness and utilization of departmental research support personnel. Elements of training that showed improvement but were not main topics of core sessions included the frequency of constructive feedback from mentors and peers, and frequency of discussion of research ethics. Conclusion Instituting an academic career development curriculum for obstetrics and gynecology fellows was associated with increased self-appraised confidence in specific academic skills as assessed by anonymous survey.
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Mander, David J., and Leanne Lester. "The self-reported perceptions, readiness and psychological wellbeing of primary school students prior to transitioning to a secondary boarding school." Children Australia 44, no. 03 (June 26, 2019): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2019.20.
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AbstractThis research investigates the self-reported perceptions, readiness and psychological wellbeing of 15 male primary school students prior to transitioning to a secondary boarding school (S1) located away from home and family. A mixed-methods approach was used (i.e., online questionnaire and focus group), and findings indicate that while participants were apprehensive about expectations, study and encountering new technology at boarding school, all viewed the impending transition to S1 as a positive opportunity in their educational journey. Participants reported academic motivation and self-regulation above the norm; however, both questionnaire and focus group data indicated their academic self-perception was low. Levels of reported psychological distress were low, with symptoms associated with emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial behaviour and overall total difficulties all found to be within the normal range. Indicators of life satisfaction and protective factors associated with resilience were similarly found to be within the normal range. Four major themes and eight subthemes emerged from the qualitative data, including: (1) enthusiasm (i.e., confidence, sadness); (2) opportunity (i.e., new experiences and choices, friendships); (3) anchor points (i.e., older siblings, orientation); and (4) expectations (i.e., study, technology). The findings of this study add to the literature encouraging staff in boarding schools to view transition through the lens of the early to mid-adolescence developmental period and the emergence of co-occurring innate psychological needs – in particular, the desire for competence, autonomy and relatedness. Strengths and limitations of this study are presented.
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Allard, Christopher B., Francisco Gelpi-Hammerschmidt, Lauren Christine Harshman, Izak Faiena, Parth K. Modi, Benjamin I. Chung, Eric A. Singer, and Steven L. Chang. "High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) for metastatic renal Cell carcinoma (mRCC): Contemporary utilization trends in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.449.
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449 Background: Targeted therapies (TT) have revolutionized treatment of mRCC with broad based efficacy and tolerability but ultimately all patients progress. While HD IL-2, the prior standard of care treatment, is associated with significant toxicities, it remains the only agent proven to elicit durable complete responses albeit rarely. This study evaluated trends in HD IL-2 use for patients with mRCC during the TT era. Methods: Our study cohort was comprised of a weighted sample of 2,351 patients with mRCC undergoing HDIL-2 treatment from 2004-2012, from the Premier Hospital Database (Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC), a nationally representative hospital discharge database. We employed descriptive statistics and fitted multivariable regression models, accounting for clustering and weighting, to identify predictors of treatment toxicity and tolerability. Results: We found a progressive decrease in the use of HD IL-2 from 2004 to 2008 with a general upward trend thereafter. HD IL-2 was increasingly concentrated at academic centers representing the site of treatment for 24% of patients in 2004 versus 90% of patients in 2012. Most patients were men (75.3%), Caucasian (70.7%) and aged <60 (59.6%) with lung metastases (60.9%) and otherwise healthy (64.72%, Charlson comorbidity index=0). Our adjusted analysis showed that severe hypotension was associated with patients <50 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35, p=0.045), while the likelihood of receiving ≥2 cycles of HDIL-2 was associated with good health (CCI=0, OR: 1.72, p=0.004) and having >1 metastatic site (OR: 4.32, p<0.001). Conclusions: Over the past decade, the use of HD IL-2 initially diminished coinciding with the widespread availability of TT but has remerged potentially due to renewed enthusiasm for immunotherapies showing promising efficacy with novel immune checkpoint inhibitors in mRCC. HD IL-2 has increasingly been limited to academic centers and our analysis suggests a strong selection bias for younger, healthier patients who can better tolerate the toxicities and those with a greater burden of metastatic disease. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal role of HDIL-2 in the contemporary treatment of mRCC.
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Volkova, K. Yu, and Ya L. Shrayberg. "Analysis of trends in modern library and information infrastructure in the ongoing pandemics. (Review of international professional publications). (Part 2)." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 11 (January 16, 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-11-15-32.
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The paper reviews some international online library and information professional publications including the websites of library associations, academic research charities and foundations and research groups. The paper is divided into the following sections: pandemics and open science; coronavirus and library materials and spaces; new impetus for digitization; copyright: latest news. These topics have not been predefined but taken shape as a result of analytical work and research in the body of professional publications. Analysis of leading library experts’ discussions in social networks has also helped to reveal current trends in library and information infrastructure development. COVID-19 pandemics brought about significant changes to the life and projects of the whole library and information space. A major step to open science has been taken when academic journal publishers, leading universities, research charities have taken responsibility to work in a collaborative manner and share coronavirus infection research data and results speedily and freely. Transition to digital collections in library holdings has accelerated, collections of e-books are growing, and the effect of prior digitization projects has manifested itself. The importance of libraries as a trustworthy source of information does not fade; caution is needed when using information from preprints published on preprint servers; the increasing need of informing digital materials users of attached copyright is highlighted.
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Aliyu, Mukhtar Shehu, Mukhtar Salisu Abubakar, Abubakar Mukhtar Yakasai, and Abdulkarim Garba. "MODELLING NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES PERFORMANCE THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT." Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2018): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47263/jasem.2(1)06.
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The aim of this research is to examine the effects of total quality management on the performance of public universities in Nigeria. University education serves as a means of producing individuals who possess the academic and mental capability, which is expected to help in the production of high-level manpower to the various sectors of the economy. To answer the research questions, one hypothesis is formulated: (a) there is a significant relationship between total quality management and performance of public universities in Nigeria. Data were collected by means of self-administration of a questionnaire completed by academic leaders randomly selected. The questionnaires developed from the prior research were used to measure the total quality management, while performance measurement was based on subjective evaluation involving self-reported measures. The findings revealed that significant relationship exists between total quality management and performance of public universities in Nigeria. The finding of this study would be of relevance to policymakers, such the National Universities Commission (NUC) being the regulator of university education in Nigeria.University Vice Chancellors as administrators can benefit from the study’s outcome. The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) is also a beneficiary of the study finding as it will guide them in resource allocation across the universities. The study recommends that future studies should be conducted on other variables that can predict university performance.
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McCown, R. L., and K. A. Parton. "Learning from the historical failure of farm management models to aid management practice. Part 2. Three systems approaches." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05052.
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Part 1 analysed the difficulties experienced in the field of academic Farm Management in making complex theoretical models relevant to farming. This paper highlights the important connections developed between the field of Farm Management economics and 3 key ‘systems’ ideas and tools in agricultural science in response to difficulties and opportunities. The first systems approach reviewed is the 20-year experiment by agricultural economists in using crop and animal production simulation models in management analyses. The second systems approach reviewed is Farming Systems Research (FSR), an approach characterised by on-farm experimentation with a management orientation. Many pioneers of FSR were Farm Management economists disenchanted by the inapplicability of economic theory to farm management. The FSR that emerged is interpreted as a scion of the early era of Farm Management prior to the coup by economics theorists in the 1940s. A third systems approach reviewed is a ‘soft’ intervention to facilitate farmer learning. Although evolving from FSR, this approach has surprising similarities to the ‘goal adjusting’ consulting performed by the legendary Australian Farm Management consultant cum academic, Jack Makeham. The paper concludes with discussion of a recent innovation that combines these 3 approaches. It uses a soft intervention approach that features farmers shaping their goals and expectations by ‘experimenting’ in a local, but virtual, environment provided by simulation of the production system using ‘hard’ models.
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Ziegler, Albert, and Heidrun Stoeger. "Effects of Role Models from Films on Short-Term Ratings of Intent, Interest, and Self-Assessment of Ability by High School Youth: A Study of Gender-Stereotyped Academic Subjects." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.509-531.
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The effects of cinematic female role models on self-confidence in own abilities, interest, and academic elective intents of secondary school pupils were analyzed in two studies. In Study 1 the participants ( N = 283) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Each group watched a film after which they completed a questionnaire. In Film 1 the lead female character demonstrated conventional female characteristics and was discernibly untalented in mathematics and the natural sciences, in Film 2 the lead female character did not exhibit conventional female characteristics and was gifted in mathematics and the natural sciences, and in Film 3 the lead female character was typically female and gifted in mathematics and the natural sciences. Film 3, in which the lead female character not only contradicted the stereotype of women not being gifted at mathematics and the natural sciences but also should not have elicited subtyping processes, turned out to be effective among girls with High prior interest and boys in general. In contrast, this film had unexpected effects among girls with Low prior interest. Instead of showing, as expected, merely weaker effects than those found for the other groups, this role model even had a deterrent effect on girls with Low prior interest. In Study 2 ( N=55) an investigation assessed whether Film 3 could exercise a similarly positive effect on female pupils with Low prior interest were a female role model to depict constructive coping with difficulties in mathematics and the natural sciences prior to the presentation of the film. Results show this is possible.
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Borman-Shoap, Emily C., Lei Zhang, and Michael B. Pitt. "Longitudinal Experience With a Transparent Weighted Lottery System to Incentivize Resident Scholarship." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-00036.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Promoting resident scholarship is important to programs. Positive Peer-Pressured Productivity (P-QUAD) is a dual incentive model that combines increased transparency through awareness of peers' engagement in scholarship, with a weighted cash lottery where tickets are earned for various dimensions of academic success (ie, 1 point/ticket for an abstract submission up to 6 for manuscript acceptance). Objective We explored whether a weighted lottery system contributes to sustained increases in academic productivity in a residency program. Methods We implemented P-QUAD in 1 pediatrics residency program in July 2015. Residents reported their scholarship submissions/acceptances for the prior year, establishing a program baseline. During the 2-year intervention, residents logged their academic submissions/acceptances on a web interface where they could view real-time scores and the work of their peers. At the end of each academic year, we compared P-QUAD points for each category to baseline. Results During the intervention, 31% of residents (68 of 218) reported engaging in scholarship. Using P-QUAD was acceptable to most residents. Engagement in scholarship across the program, as measured by total P-QUAD score, increased 53% from baseline (329 versus 504 points per year). Mean submission and acceptance rates for individual residents reporting research through P-QUAD increased across all categories, ranging from 19% for abstract submissions (1.62 to 1.93 per year) to 275% (0.24 to 0.90 per year) for accepted manuscripts. Conclusions The residency program sustained gains in academic productivity at the program-wide and participating resident level in the 2 years since implementing P-QUAD.
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Patterson, Emily S., Lauren Mansour, Metin N. Gurcan, Zaibo Li, and Anil Parwani. "Predicting Opportunities and Challenges Prior to Transitioning to Digital Pathology: An Interview Envisioning Study with 11 Pathologists." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 8, no. 1 (September 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857919081002.
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There is growing interest in implementing whole-slide imaging (WSI) for primary diagnosis. Ten subspecialized pathologists (2-39 years of experience) were interviewed from diverse subspecialty areas in a large academic medical center. Relevant semi-structured interview questions included image quality, workflow, and usability during clinical use. Analysis revealed that WSI implementation would raise some concerns: 1) delaying turn-around time for preliminary diagnoses as well as final reports, 2) delaying access to order ancillary tests, which could impact scheduling for some patients for follow-on surgery, 3) making it hard to track what has been reviewed and at what level of magnification, 4) potentially increase wrist pain from using a mouse or neck pain while viewing the monitor, and 5) increase vulnerability when a computer, monitor, or network goes down. However, WSI implementation would enable 1) increased flexibility for slide access remotely during nights, weekends, and work trips, 2) easier consults among peers and with mentors, 3) easier detection and recovery when images are routed to the wrong person, 4) creating digital libraries, including previous slides from a current patient, and 5) giving greater access to images for presentations, publications, and to other clinical personnel. Implementing digital slides and associated workflow will introduce many challenges and barriers. Studies such as the current one are much needed to explore the pathologist’s perspective on these workflow and implementation challenges prior to and during the installation of the digital pathology systems. These perspectives are important to understand in order to improve the experience of the pathologists and lab personnel as they interact with these systems.
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Nitecki, Danuta A., and Mary Ellen K. Davis. "Expanding Academic Librarians’ Roles in the Research Life Cycle." Libri 69, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2018-0066.
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Abstract Research depends on prior results. The cycle of transforming research output to disseminated knowledge is changing to engage more researchers to openly discover and thereby shape future contributions to scholarship. No established framework helps librarians understand the opportunities that transition offers librarians. However, through four propositions, this paper addresses some of the changes facing academic librarians as they expand their roles: 1) Research cycles embrace interactive sharing and reuse of data; 2) Managing open research data expands librarians’ roles; 3) Intellectual entrepreneurship roles provide a model to empower others; 4) Librarians demonstrate their entrepreneurial leadership by creating partnerships outside the library. Now academic librarians have opportunities to strengthen their role in how higher education shapes research by shifting greater focus toward research data management [RDM]. Two seasoned administrators and librarians illustrate pathways to prepare academic librarians for these new roles. They offer two practitioners’ impressions of the demands and opportunities for librarians to extend their expertise to support RDM, and illustrate how academic librarians have begun doing so through professional association work (through the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL)) and at one academic library (at Drexel University). They urge academic librarians to step out of their comfort zones of organizing, preserving and servicing discovery of information resources and embrace emerging roles for which their values and expertise have prepared them. If librarians ignore these opportunities, they risk being bypassed in efforts to ensure that managing research data and scholarship are central to research protocols.
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Soriano, Margaret, Anne Chang, Aralee Galway, Laura Listro, Evaline Liu, Jessica McGuire, Therese Marie Mulvey, et al. "Quality improvement interventions to reduce chemotherapy dose-modification ordering errors at a large academic medical center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2018): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.264.
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264 Background: Despite clear advantages of Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems for safe cancer chemotherapy administration, persistent opportunities exist to further reduce chemotherapy order errors. Unintended dose escalation orders of previously dose reduced chemotherapy were the most commonly reported “near-miss” medication safety events at our institution. This can lead to potential patient harm, delays in care, decreased patient satisfaction, reduced infusion room efficiency, and increased care team workload and decreased satisfaction. We sought to reduce chemotherapy order errors using interventions developed with process improvement techniques. Methods: Unintended dose escalation errors per month (the primary outcome measure) were identified through the hospital safety reporting system and by monitoring the EHR (EPIC) chemotherapy administration reports to identify dose escalations. All cases were confirmed with primary chart review. The pre-intervention baseline assessment period was 6/2017-11/2017, and the post intervention period was 12/2017-5/2018. Two interventions were selected: 1) Revision of the nursing chemotherapy checklist posted on all infusion room workstations for use prior to releasing chemotherapy orders; and 2) educating ordering providers and nurses about new EHR functionality to display prior and future chemotherapy orders. Statistical Process Control chart analysis was conducted with upper (UCL) and lower (LCL) control limits of 3 standard deviations. The primary aim was to reduce the number of chemotherapy errors by 50% in the post-intervention period. Results: The pre-intervention period averaged 3.83 chemotherapy ordering errors per month (UCL = 9.71, LCL = 0). The post-intervention period significantly reduced the average errors per month to 1.33 (UCL = 4.97, LCL = 0). The copy/forward feature in multi-day cycles was the most common source of unintended dose escalations. Conclusions: Implementation of the 2 interventions resulted in a 65% reduction of unintended dose modification errors. Based on successful results and positive staff feedback, we plan to roll out these interventions at additional satellite facilities.