Academic literature on the topic 'Academician D.M'

The article publishes previously unknown materials for the biographies of academicians V. I. Vernadsky and A. E. Fersman, found by the author in Professor D. P. Grigoriev’s archive, stored in the Russian Mineralogical Society. These are the memoirs of mineralogist A. Ya. Mikey, the autobiography of A. E. Fersman and his personal file, signed by academician V. A. Obruchev. All documents have been deciphered, annotated and commented on by the author. The relevance of the article is the need to defend the priorities of domestic science and technology. The purpose of the work is the fullest possible coverage of the professional and creative activities of V. I. Vernadsky and A. E. Fersman, the introduction of new documents into scientific circulation. These materials introduce information about the repressed Professor A. Ya. Mikey. The citation of famous scientists and travelers I. P. Aliber, A. I. Antipov, A. I. Brodsky, W. Wollaston, V. M. Goldschmidt, P. L. Dravert, L. L. Ivanov, V. I. Kryzhanovsky, S. M. Kurbatov, A. Lacroix, P. M. Leontovsky, G. M. Permikin, R. A. Prendel, K. Rosenbush, E. S. Fedorov, and L. A. Yachevsky should be interesting for a wide range of readers. Attention is drawn to the importance of personal archives in the study of the history of science. The archive of Professor D. P. Grigoriev in letters and other documents reflects a whole layer of pre- and post-war history of Russian mineralogy. The article is dedicated to the 160th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Vernadsky and the 140th anniversary of the birth of A. E. Fersman.

Outstanding traumatologist-orthopedist, scientist, teacher and health care organizer, founder of a large school of traumatologists and pediatric orthopedists, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, vice-president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, chief traumatologist and chairman of the Academic Council of the USSR Ministry of Health, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, laureate of the USSR State Prize, Professor Mstislav Vasilievich Volkov was born on June 1, 1923 in Vladivostok. In 1940, he entered the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute, at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he joined the people’s militia, served as a signalman, and after demobilization in 1945, he continued his studies at the Institute, after which he studied in a clinical residency, and then in graduate school at the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics under the direction of Professor S. D. Ternovsky. In 1952, he defended his candidate’s thesis «Peculiarities of amputation limb stump in children», and in 1961 – his doctoral thesis «Tumors and dysplasia of bones in children». From 1961 to 1984, M. V. Volkov headed the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N. N. Priorov and at the same time headed the Clinic of pediatric bone pathology and adolescent orthopedics of this Institute. Mstislav Vasilievich made a huge contribution to the development of traumatology and orthopedics. Under his leadership, 48 doctoral and 50 candidate dissertations were prepared, in which the most pressing problems and numerous specific issues of traumatology, adult and pediatric orthopedics were studied. The results of these studies have become widespread in the practical activities of specialized hospitals in the Soviet Union. M. V. Volkov was the author and co-author of 33 inventions. The Volkov-Oganesyan repositioning-compression and hinge-distraction devices have received the greatest popularity and widespread implementation in practice. For 18 years, Mstislav Vasilievich was the chief traumatologist-orthopedist of the USSR Ministry of Health. He has published over 350 scientific papers, 17 monographs and manuals, many of which have been translated into English, French and German. Academician M. V. Volkov died on December 11, 2001 and was buried at the Vostryakovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

The article presents a historical development path of the Laboratory of biochemistry of adaptation and ontogenesis of animals which began with the founding of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals in 1960. At the beginning of its existence laboratory was called “The laboratory of higher nervous activity” and was headed by associate professor Dr. I. A. Medyanyk. Since 1962 it was called “The laboratory of neurohumoral regulation” and was headed by Dr. of science, Professor E. M. Berkovych. Since 1963 the laboratory was headed by Dr. of science, Professor Z. P. Skorodynsky. Since 1972 the laboratory was headed by Dr. M. D Hanin, since 1980 — Professor V. M. Holovach, since 1988 — academician of NAAS, Professor V. V. Snitynsky. In 1994 the laboratory was renamed into the laboratory of endocrine regulation. Since 2011 until now the laboratory is called “The laboratory of biochemistry of adaptation and ontogenesis of animals”. From 2011 to 2013 duties of the laboratory head were performed by Dr. O. M. Buchko. From 2013 until now the head of the laboratory is Dr. of science, senior researcher R. Ya. Iskra.

The high incidence of chronic kidney disease worldwide is the most pressing medical and social problem due to progressive growth with the transition to chronic renal failure. Currently, in the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is due to terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. At the same time, the general structure of dialysis therapy is sharply dominated by hemodialysis (93%). Therefore, the problem of health systems in various countries is the availability of specialized medical care in connection with the development of the latest high-tech scientific and innovative technologies, the increase in the age of patients, as well as the restriction of state financial resources. The Republican Clinical Urological Hospital named after Academician M. D. Javad-zade revealed in dynamics a significant increase in attendance in 2017 by 13.0%, 2018 by 9.9% and 2016 by 5.5%. The trend of increasing hospital hospitalizations was observed in 2017 and 2019 by 42.6% and 16.8%, respectively. Among the hospitalized renal disease in dynamics had a trend of increase, from 2016 to 2019 by 17.3%, 11.7% and 34.7%, respectively. A sharp jump in the incidence of chronic inflammatory kidney diseases was observed in 2016 by 112.5%, bladder and prostate diseases in 2017 by 23.9% and 2018 by 14.0%. The trend of increase of patients receiving dialysis was observed in 2016, 2017 and 2019 by 10.9%, 11.0% and 3.3%, respectively. The increase in the availability of dialysis devices by year was noted by 15.4%, 10.0%, 6.0% and 1.4%, respectively, the frequency of dialysis sessions in 2018 and 2019 by 8.1% and 0.6%. Prevention, early detection, as well as timely treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases will reduce the number of neglected forms of diseases, delay the dialysis period of treatment of these patients and thus reduce not only the percentage of temporary disability and disability of the population, but also the financial costs of treatment of patients in the future by means of replacement renal therapy.

The high incidence of chronic kidney disease worldwide is the most pressing medical and social problem due to progressive growth with the transition to chronic renal failure. Currently, in the general structure of chronic renal failure, up to 40% is due to terminal chronic renal failure requiring replacement renal therapy, particularly hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. At the same time, the general structure of dialysis therapy is sharply dominated by hemodialysis (93%). Therefore, the problem of health systems in various countries is the availability of specialized medical care in connection with the development of the latest high-tech scientific and innovative technologies, the increase in the age of patients, as well as the restriction of state financial resources. The Republican Clinical Urological Hospital named after Academician M. D. Javad-zade revealed in dynamics a significant increase in attendance in 2017 by 13.0%, 2018 by 9.9% and 2016 by 5.5%. The trend of increasing hospital hospitalizations was observed in 2017 and 2019 by 42.6% and 16.8%, respectively. Among the hospitalized renal disease in dynamics had a trend of increase, from 2016 to 2019 by 17.3%, 11.7%, and 34.7%, respectively. A sharp jump in the incidence of chronic inflammatory kidney diseases was observed in 2016 by 112.5%, bladder, and prostate diseases in 2017 by 23.9% and 2018 by 14.0%. The trend of increase of patients receiving dialysis was observed in 2016, 2017, and 2019 by 10.9%, 11.0%, and 3.3%, respectively. The increase in the availability of dialysis devices by year was noted by 15.4%, 10.0%, 6.0%, and 1.4%, respectively, the frequency of dialysis sessions in 2018 and 2019 by 8.1% and 0.6%. Prevention, early detection, as well as timely treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases will reduce the number of neglected forms of diseases, delay the dialysis period of treatment of these patients and thus reduce not only the percentage of temporary disability and disability of the population but also the financial costs of treatment of patients in the future by means of replacement renal therapy.

В статье обозначены основные этапы биографии крупного российского ученого. Выявлены основные направления ее деятельности во время работы в Сибирском отделении АН СССР (ныне СО РАН) – как эксперта, модератора, исследователя, организатора, преподавателя, интеллектуального лидера. Показано содержание каждого из обозначенных направлений. Приведены свидетельства учеников и коллег о М. М. Громыко как исследователе, педагоге, деятеле науки. Отмечено появление уже в рассматриваемые годы новых исследовательских интенций. Сделан вывод о том, что в сибирский период определились основные темы дальнейшего научного творчества. The article outlines the main stages of the biography of a major Russian scientist. The main directions of her activity during her work at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – as an expert, moderator, researcher, organizer, teacher, intellectual leader – are revealed. The content of each of the indicated directions is shown. The testimonies of students and colleagues about M. M. Gromyko as a researcher, teacher, scientist are given. The appearance of new research intentions has already been noted in the years under review. It is concluded that the main themes of further scientific creativity were determined in the Siberian period. A letter from M. M. Gromyko to academician S. D. Skazkin about the book «Labor traditions of Russian peasants of Siberia (XVIII – first half of the XIX century)» is published as an appendix.

The analysis of the introduction perspectivity of 18 new for the higher spore bearing plants collection of Academician O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden fern species has been carried out. It is established that &ldquo;very perspective&rdquo; there were 11 species and cultivares (<em>Adiantum pedatum</em> L. cv. <em>Minor</em>, <em>A. venustum </em>D. Don, <em>Asplenium fontanum</em> (L.) Bernh. in Schrader, <em>Polystichum andersonii</em> M. Hopkins, <em>P. makinoi </em>(Tagawa) Tagawa, <em>P. neolobatum</em> Nakai, <em>Phyllitis scolopendrium</em> (L.) Newm. cv. <em>Crispa</em>, <em>Phegopteris hexanoptera</em> (Michx.) F&eacute;e, <em>Cyrtomium macrophyllum</em> (Makino) Tagawa, <em>C. lonchitioides</em> (H. Christ) H. Christ, <em>Athyrium filix-femina</em> (L.) Roth cv. <em>Minutissimum</em>). They are recommen ded for wide use in the Polissia and Forrest-Step zones.

Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was born on 21 March 1933 in Moscow. After finishing school he entered in the 2nd Moscow medical Institute named after N. And. Pirogov (1950-1956), where he performed the duties of Secretary of the Bureau of the Komsomol of the course and the member of the Komsomol Committee of the Institute; engaged in experimental work on the defibrillation of the heart. Studied in residency (1956-1958), graduate school (1958-1960), worked as a teaching assistant (1960-1966) and then associate Professor (1966-1971) chair of hospital surgery of the 2nd Moscow state medical Institute. In 1963 he defended his Ph. D. in 1971 doctoral dissertation. In 1972, Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was appointed Director of research laboratory surgery clinic of the Ministry of health of the RSFSR. In 1976, on the initiative of V. D. Fedorov was the first in the USSR Department of Coloproctology of the Central doctors improvement Institute, which he headed for 13 years. In 1982 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1986, academician of the Academy of medical Sciences (AMS) of the USSR. Since 1988, Vladimir Fyodorov, Director of the Institute of surgery named after AV Vishnevsky Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR. In 1990, V. D. Fedorov elected to the chair of surgery, faculty of postgraduate professional education of Moscow medical Academy named after I. M. Sechenov. Since 1974 he worked as a Deputy chief surgeon of the Medical center of President's Affairs Administration of the Russian Federation.&#x0D; D. Fedorov is the author of over 500 scientific works, including 13 copyright certificates and patents, and 20 monographs. Under his leadership, and counseling are protected by 32 doctoral and 47 master's theses.&#x0D; V. D. Fedorov was an honorary member of the Russian Association of endoscopic surgery and the Association hepatobiliary surgery, Moscow surgical society, surgical scientific societies of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and the Saratov region, Chairman of the surgical section and member of the Presidium of scientific medical Council of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, a member of the Interdepartmental health Council, Deputy chief editor of the journal "Surgery", member of the editorial Board of the journal "Surgical Laparoscopy and Endoscopy" and one of the oldest journals "British Journal of Surgery". For two years he headed the Association of surgeons named after N. And. Pirogov (1992-1994). More than 10 years he was a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and performed the duties of Chairman of the Board of Directors of the institutes of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences. Vladimir Dmitrievich, a foreign member of the Belarusian Academy of medical Sciences (2000) and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (2003), honorary Professor of the Petrovsky national research center of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and the Bashkir medical College. Academician V. D. Fedorov is the main national representative in the International society of surgeons (1990) national representative in the International society of University surgeons Coloproctology. Mr Kuznetsov – laureate of the State prize of the USSR (1985) and the RSFSR (1991), RF Government prize (2002), Honored scientist of Russia (1997), awarded the order of red banner of Labor (1976, 1978), Lenin (1983), "For merits before Fatherland" III degree, Friendship of peoples (1993).

B a c k g r o u n d . Scientific archievements of academician Dmytro Bahalii, the author of more than 600 historical studies, in the field of literary studies include only up to fifty works. This article analysis for the first time the Shevchenko studies of D. Bahalii, which he worked on mostly at the end of his life. M e t h o d s . The article wrote using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description, generalization), historical-literary, textological, and source studies (biographical, cultural-historical, comparative, heuristic, critical). R e s u l t s . The work of the scientist in researching of documents and legends about the poet are clarified. The contribution of scientist to establishing the role of the Cyril and Methodius brotherhood in the life and work of T. Shevchenko is outlined. A review of D. Bahalii work aboute the Cyril-Methodius was introduced into scientific circulation. The participation of D. Bahalii in the appearance of some editions of T. Shevchenko's works: "Kobzar" (1918), "Heretic", "Dream. Caucasus: two poems" (both – 1927) was determined. During the preparation of the article, the history of the appearance of 12 drawings for the "Kobzar" (1918) created by Karel Nemets was found out. The employment of the Committee for organizing the publication of T. Shevchenko's works under the leadership of D. Bahalii is outlined. The scientist reviewed the eighth volume of the artistic heritage for a complete collection of works of the poet and artist, prepared by Ol. Novytskyi. For the first time, a number of documents from the archive of D. Bahalii are introduced into scientific circulation, for example, the article "Seventieth anniversary of the death of T. H. Shevchenko", autographs of published works, protocols of 1929–1930th years, official letters. All these materials are stored in the Department of Manuscript Collections and Textology of T. H. Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (f. 37) C o n c l u s i o n s . D. Bahalii researching in Shevchenko studies includes only three books, several prefaces, and more than ten scientific and scientific popularization articles. As one of the organizers and the first head of the Taras Shevchenko Institute, D. Bahalii together with his employees, despite persistent attempts by the authorities to turn the poet and the Institute named after him into a mouthpiece of the Marxist-Leninist ideology, managed to establish the authority of this institution and lay the foundation for its further development.

Background. Keratoconus is a progressive ectatic disease with thinning and bulging of the cornea structure. It is characterized by a bilateral and usually asymmetric course, which is manifested by the formation of irregular astigmatism. Several different combinations of treatments are currently being used to stop the progression of keratoconus and increase visual acuity.&#x0D; Aim. To assess the effectiveness of three-step treatment for progressive keratoconus to stabilize the cornea, eliminate its irregularity and achieve maximum visual acuity.&#x0D; Material and methods. A triple combined treatment was applied to 48 patients (24 women and 24 men) with stage 23 keratoconus (67 eyes) aged 1631 years (mean age 24.40.21 years) at the National Center of Ophthalmology named after Academician Zarifa Aliyeva between 2017 and 2019. It consisted of intrastromal corneal ring implantation, corneal crosslinking after 24 hours, and topography-guided transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) after 8 months. All patients underwent complex examinations: uncorrected visual acuity and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, autorefractometry, non-contact tonometry, corneal topography, tomography, optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment, ultrasound pachymetry. The statistical significance of the difference between the data before and after treatment was assessed by using analysis of variance in the data analysis package of the Microsoft Excel software.&#x0D; Results. Uncorrected visual acuity before surgery was 0.20.041 and ranged between 0.04 and 0.3. Twelve months after surgery, uncorrected visual acuity significantly improved in all patients; its average value was 0.50.048 and ranged between 0.2 and 0.7. An improvement was observed in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, which ranged between 0.20.5 before surgery and 0.40.8 after surgery. After intrastromal corneal ring implantation + corneal crosslinking + topography-guided transepithelial-PRK, residual refractive errors of the cornea were eliminated. The maximum keratometry (Kmax) decreased from 46.157.3 D to 42.149.9 D (M and SD before surgery 50.01.5 and after surgery 45.21.4, p=0.009), astigmatism also decreased from 5.259.25 to 0.53.25 cyl (M and SD before surgery 4.610.50 and after surgery 4.180.48, p=0.025). No complications were observed during and in the postoperative period.&#x0D; Conclusion. The three-step treatment of progressive keratoconus will avoid the need for keratoplasty and achieve maximum visual acuity, minimize the number of aberrations and halts the progression of keratoconus.

The presentation in the article is devoted to the sub-ethnic groups of the Nogais, on the borders of Eurasia in the south of the Russian Federation and, first of all, in the Astrakhan Region, with their rich history and energetic modernity. Here, for complex reasons, they were “forgotten” for a long time (Karagash, Yurt and 4–5 of their subgroups), but have been actively involved in research since the late 1980s. Sources for them are both scarce and heterogeneous. Inevitably, there is a combination of oral and written (the author’s dispute with the late V. V. Trepavlov). It is proposed to classify the sources as primary (from representatives of the ethnic group in the original language), transitional (the same, but in Russian) and secondary (“from outside”, Russian, including official, but often inaccurate in details), as well as data from foreign travelers along the Volga. The testimonies of then contemporaries are both sources and early analytical works (from Governor V. N. Tatishchev and Count Ya. Yu. Pototsky, academic expeditioners to P. I. Nebolsin, A. I. Umerov, A.-Kh. Sh. Dzhanibekov and V. D. Pyatnitsky, V. I. Trofimov, L. Sh. Arslanov, N. Z. Bashirov). Let us single out the works of Astrakhan people of different ages and ethnicities, as well as the efforts of the expeditions that came here (mostly from Tatarstan and Karachay-Cherkessia). There is a sudden and sharp discussion now with Academician D. M. Iskhakov from the city of Kazan and with his colleagues who stubbornly consider the Volga Nogais as Tatars or ethno-elements that inappropriately come out of the Tatars. Although the predictions and conclusions are premature, new sources and scientific papers are likely to be unexpected.

The Belarusian Geographical Society (BGS), which was founded in 1954 as part of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR), celebrates its 70th anniversary in 2024. The main activities of the Geographical Society of the BSSR were expeditionary research, publication of monographs, and academic manuals in various fields of geographical science, as well as organising scientific conferences and educational activities on geographical problems. Several periods exist in the development of BGS. During the first period, the BGS was chaired by representatives of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, leaders of scientific schools: academician I. S. Lupinovich (in 1954–1957), academician K. I. Lukashev (1957–1960), and member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR T. S. Gorbunov (1960–1963). They combined scientific and educational activities, while being heads of the chairs at Belarusian State University (BSU). At this stage, a lot of organisational work was done to enlarge the number of members of the society. Several sections on the main directions of research were established. Discussions of monographs and textbooks were held, compilations of scientific works were published, and a geographical lecture hall began to work. During the second stage, the Geographical Society of the BSSR was chaired by Professor V. A. Dementyev (1963–1974) and Professor V. A. Zhuchkevich (1974–1983), the heads of the BSU chairs. During this stage, an editorial-publishing department was established, and the work on the recommendation for the publication of monographs and academic manuals continued (5–10 editions per year). In 1965, the first university book on geography of Belarus was published (edited by V. A. Dementiev, N. T. Romanovsky, and S. M. Melnichuk). Three departments were established in the structure of the State Geography Department: physical geography, economical geography, ethnography, and folklore. Also four committees were established: phenology, toponymy and school geography, local history and tourism, and medical geography. In 1975, the Statute of the BSSR State Geography Centre was developed and approved. A great number of scientific conferences were held, reports of the society members on expeditions and journeys were presented, series of educational television programmes were prep ared. More than 10 nature reserves and sanctuaries were founded. During the third period of the BGS activity (1983–2000), the BGS was chaired by Professor V. S. Anoshko. A large number of monographs and academic books for universities and secondary schools were published by geographers of Belarus. Republican and international scientific conferences were held in various fields of geographical sciences. The encyclopaedia Nature of Belarus (1983–1986), the National Atlas of the Republic of Belarus (2002), and other fundamental works were published on the initiative of the BGS. Much emphasis was placed on the history of geographical research in Belarus—museums were organised and memorial boards were erected at the birthplace of Y. D. Chersky, I. I. Domeiko, A. A. Smolich, and others; scientific readings and conferences in honour of K. I. Lukashev, G. I. Goretsky, I. S. Lupinovich, V. A. Dementiev, and others became regular events. Since 1991, Republican competitions in geography have been held. The definition of the geographical centre of Belarus and Europe was initiated. During the fourth stage, the BGS was chaired by Professor P. S. Lopukh (2000–October 2017). Since November 2017, the BGS is chaired by Associate Professor A. E. Yarotau. In the era of globalisation and increasing environmental problems, the challenges that geographers face are changing. The traditions of scientific geographical schools are being strengthened, differentiation of geographical sciences is in progress. The research fields at the intersection of sciences (geoecology, geophysics, geochemistry, geobotany) are becoming more intensive. Geoinformation technologies are being introduced in all spheres of geographical science. Instruments and equipment are being improved. Earth remote sensing data are being used more frequently. New tasks are being tackled in each field of geographical research and great attention is being paid to the introduction of new teaching technologies into the educational process.