Academic literature on the topic 'Accelerated deposition'

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Journal articles on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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HONG, Xu. "E301 ALLEVIATING FLOW ACCELERATED CORROSION AND MAGNETITE DEPOSITION ON SUPERCRITICAL UNITS(Corrosion)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.3 (2009): _3–265_—_3–269_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.3._3-265_.

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Pacheco, Marcelo Edral, Vera Maria Martins Salim, and José Carlos Pinto. "Accelerated Deactivation of Hydrotreating Catalysts by Coke Deposition." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 10 (May 18, 2011): 5975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie1023595.

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Yuan, Ying Hong. "Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Biomass, Microbial Functional Diversity and Enzyme Activities in Fir Plantations of Subtropical China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.323.

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The effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass, microbial functional diversity and enzyme activities involved in C cycling (sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulose, amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) were studied in southeast Chinese fir plantation (Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.)). All soil parameters measured decreased with increasing soil depth. The results indicated that low N (N1) deposition could accelerate soil microbial biomass and functional diversity, but moderate or high N deposition (N2, N3) restrain them. Nitrogen additions promoted soil sucrase, β-glucosidase and cellulase activities, while inhibited soil amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities to some extent, suggesting that decomposition of labile and recalcitrant organic matter were promoted and restricted by extra N deposition, respectively. Changes in microbial community biomass and function under extra N deposition indicated soil ecosystems experienced functional shifts under the current or future condition of human-accelerated N supply.
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Li, Jun, and Paul A. Kohl. "The Deposition Characteristics of Accelerated Nonformaldehyde Electroless Copper Plating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 150, no. 8 (2003): C558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1591760.

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Wang, P. Z., G. S. Pan, Y. Zhou, J. X. Qu, and H. S. Shao. "Accelerated electrospark deposition and the wear behavior of coatings." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 6, no. 6 (December 1997): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-997-0081-5.

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Geng, Shu Hua, Wei Zhong Ding, Shu Qiang Guo, Zhan Fang, and Xiong Gang Lu. "The Study on the Carbon Deposition in H2-CO Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.445.

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Iron ore reduction and carbon deposition under H2-CO mixtures were investigated by using the non-isothermal method. Iron ore in three different configurations were used in this work: pellet, coarse granularity particles and fine granularity particles. The reduced samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and accelerated surface area and porosimetry System(ASAP 2020M+C). In pure CO, the carbon deposition increases with decreasing of the sample size. In H2-CO mixtures, the rate of carbon deposition is accelerated dramatically. Morphologies of samples treated in different reducing ambinent were investigated. Specific surface area of the treated sample increases with higher level of carbon deposition.
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Akedo, Jun. "Aerosol Deposition Method for Fabrication of Nano Crystal Ceramic Layer." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.43.

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Aerosol deposition method (ADM) for shock-consolidation of fine ceramics powder to form dense and hard layers is reported. Submicron ceramic particles were accelerated by gas flow in the nozzle up to velocity of several hundred m/s. During interaction with substrate, these particles formed thick (10 ~ 100 µm), dense, uniform and hard ceramics layers. Depositions were fulfilled at room temperature. Every layer has polycrystalline structure with nano-meter order scale.􀀂 The results of fabrications, microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of oxides (α-Al2O3; Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 etc.) and non-oxides materials are presented.
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Kurita-Ochiai, Tomoko, and Masafumi Yamamoto. "Periodontal Pathogens and Atherosclerosis: Implications of Inflammation and Oxidative Modification of LDL." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/595981.

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Inflammation is well accepted to play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and recent studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease.Porphyromonas gingivalisandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, causative agents of destructive chronic inflammation in the periodontium, can accelerate atheroma deposition in animal models. Emerging evidence suggests that vaccination against virulence factors of these pathogens and anti-inflammatory therapy may confer disease resistance. In this review, we focus on the role of inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative modification in the formation and activation of atherosclerotic plaques accelerated byP. gingivalisorA. actinomycetemcomitansin an ApoE-deficient mouse model and high-fat-diet-fed mice. Furthermore, we examine whether mucosal vaccination with a periodontal pathogen or the anti-inflammatory activity of catechins can reduce periodontal pathogen-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Müller, Frank A., Lenka Müller, Ingo Hofmann, and Peter Greil. "Accelerated Biomimetic Deposition of Bonelike Apatite on Fibrous Cellulose Templates." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.183.

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Fibrous cellulose templates are attractive candidates for the use as tissue engineering scaffolds due to their biocompatibility and the adjustable porosity. Nevertheless, a direct bond between cellulose and bone is not formed under physiological conditions. A simulated body fluid solution with a high degree of supersaturation (5*SBF) was used to accelerate the biomimetic formation of bonelike apatite on cellulose templates. After generating calcium phosphate nuclei on the cellulose fibers in 5*SBF with high Mg2+and HCO3 - concentrations the cellulose templates were immersed in a modified 5*M-SBF which was optimized in respect to crystal growth kinetics by reduced Mg2+and HCO3- concentrations. After 48 hours a hydroxy carbonated apatite (HCA) layer with a thickness of 20 µm was obtained.
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Kidane, Argaw, John M. Szabocsik, and Kinam Park. "Accelerated study on lysozyme deposition on poly(HEMA) contact lenses." Biomaterials 19, no. 22 (November 1998): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00111-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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Wammack, James Edward. "Evolution of Turbine Blade Deposits in an Accelerated Deposition Facility: Roughness and Thermal Analysis." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1067.pdf.

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Rozsívalová, Zdeňka. "Fyzikálně chemická charakterizace vlastností tenkých reflexních vrstev na křemíkových podložkách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216504.

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This thesis deals with surface analysis and characterization of optical features of thin films created by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma polymerization on silicon wafers. The RF plasma industrial deposition equipment was used for the thin layers formation. These thin films serve as protective coatings on the reflective layer in the car light or solar panels. Theoretic part gives basic information about plasma, its occurrence, features, diagnostics and applications. Thin layers, their production and characterization are discussed here, too. Theoretic description of monomer material (including the group of other organosilicones) is also presented here. The FTIR spectroscopy and elipsometry are mentioned as the main methods for thin films characterisation. Because material during its practical use degrades due to external conditions, the influence of them on the thin layer properties is studied using the accelerated aging of created films. Industrial deposition chamber AluMet 1800V made by Leybold Optics, Ltd. installed in Zlin Precision company was used for the thin films production. Thin films were created under different conditions that were selelected near to the real conditions used in technology. Various applied powers (2-5 kW) were used for the deposition under different monomer flows. Further, the influence of oxygen addition on the created film properties was investigated. The deposition process was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. The spectrometer Jobin Yvon Triax 320 with CCD detector was used. The selected part from every samples set was exposed by UV radiation (48 hours at radiation density of 0.68 W/m2 at 340 nm) to simulate the probable conditions during the layers real use. The surface properties were investigated by measurement of reflected light spectral intensity in the visible range at different angles. The angle between incident and reflected beam was varied in the interval of 40 - 150° with 10° step. The influence of sample preparation conditions as well as their aging effect was studied at the selected angles. Spectral reflectance doesn´t depend significantly on applied discharge power and oxygen addition. The significant shift of reflectance into the red part of spectrum was observed at UV exposed samples more or less independently on the applied discharge power of monomer flow rate. Addition of oxygen during the deposition suppresses this effec significantly. Characterization of thin layer structure was done by FTIR spectroscopy. No significant changes were observed in the structure at different discharge powers of monomer flow rates except total absorption intensities that are proportional to the layr thickness. The oxygen addition, of course, changes the structure significantly. These results are only preliminary because the layers were very thin (deposition conditions were near to the common process standard) and thus the signal/noise ratio was relatively low.
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Kitaguchi, Hiroshi. "Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates amyloid β deposition in APPSwInd transgenic mice." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123331.

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Wu, Genfa. "Energetic Deposition of Niobium Thin Film in Vacuum." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28110.

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Niobium thin films are expected to be free of solid inclusions commonly seen in solid niobium. For particle accelerators, niobium thin film has the potential to replace the solid niobium in the making of the accelerating structures. In order to understand and improve the superconducting performance of niobium thin films at cryogenic temperature, an energetic vacuum deposition system has been developed to study deposition energy effects on the properties of niobium thin films on various substrates. The system directly uses microwave power to create a pure niobium plasma, which can be used to extract niobium ion flux with controllable kinetic energy for direct deposition. The ultra high vacuum avoids the gaseous inclusions in thin films. A retarding field energy analyzer is developed and used to measure the kinetic energy of niobium at the substrate location. A systematic process for thin film characterization is developed and used to analyze the niobium thin films made by this energetic condensation. The properties of niobium thin films at several deposition energies are obtained, and the results show that there exists a preferred deposition energy around 115eV.
Ph. D.
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Åkerlund, Elin. "Development of polymer based composite filaments for 3D printing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388554.

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The relatively new and still growing field of 3D-printing has opened up the possibilities to manufacture patient-specific medical devices with high geometrical accuracy in a precise and quick manner. Additionally, biocompatible materials are a demand for all medical applications while biodegradability is of importance when developing scaffolds for tissue growth for instance. With respect to this, this project consisted of developing biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer blend and composite filaments, for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as supporting polymer matrix while hydroxyapatite (HA), a calcium phosphate with similar chemical composition to the mineral phase of human bone, was added to the composites to enhance the biological activity. PLA and PCL content was varied between 90–70 wt% and 10-30 wt%, respectively, while the HA content was 15 wt% in all composites. All materials were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical composition and morphology. An accelerated degradation study of the materials was also executed in order to investigate the degradation behavior as well as the impact of the degradation on the above mentioned properties. The results showed that all processed materials exhibited higher mechanical properties compared to the human trabecular bone, even after degradation with a mass loss of around 30% for the polymer blends and 60% for the composites. It was also apparent that the mineral accelerated the polymer degradation significantly, which can be advantageous for injuries with faster healing time, requiring only support for a shorter time period.
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Peng, Gaozhu. "Multiphysics computations on celluar interaction in complex geometries and vortex-accelerated vorticity deposition in Richtmyer-Meshkov instability." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17211.

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Hsueh, Yang-Chih, and 薛仰志. "Fabrication of Platinum Catalyst on Novel Porous Supports by Atomic Layer Deposition for High Specific Power Density Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Its Accelerated Degradation Test." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13110111037781497502.

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博士
國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
101
Since fuel cells have the high energy density and low pollution in the reaction process, they are recognized as one of the most promising green energy devices. Even with many excellent properties, commercialization of fuel cells still faces many challenges. The two most significant issues are how to reduce the cost and increase the durability of the fuel cell. The cost of the catalyst accounts for about fifty percent of the fuel cell, so how to reduce the amount of catalyst used and maintain the efficiency of fuel cell at the same time is a major issue that we are facing. It is also the main purpose of this research. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was adopted to prepare platinum catalyst nanoparticles with uniform particle size and well dispersion. Furthermore, innovative nanostructures were used to replace the traditional carbon support. It was attempted to reduce the amount of catalyst and to improve the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The dissertation is divided into two parts, the first part focuses on the preparations of various innovative nanostructured catalyst and supports, and the second part is to study the fuel cell durability. In the first section, carbon nanotube (CNT) was chosen to be as the support because of its high electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and high chemical stability. Because the surface reactivity of CNT is poor, pre-treatment is needed to create defects and functional groups on the surface of CNT for depositing the catalyst. In this study, two different pre-treatment processes are chosen to modify the surface of CNT. The first one is oxygen plasma treatment and the other one is acid treatment. After the pre-treatment, Pt nanoparticles with good dispersion and uniformity are deposited by ALD. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performances of PEMFCs made with acid treated CNT are better than that made with oxygen plasma treated and close to that of commercial E-Tek electrodes. The most remarkable finding is that the ultra-low Pt loading of electrode, 0.019 mg/cm2. This is much lower than commercial one (0.5 mg/cm2), has the specific power density 11 times higher than that made with commercial E-Tek electrodes. In addition to CNT, Ni nanohoneycomb and TiN inverse opal structures as the catalyst supports are also fabricated. The Ni nanohoneycomb structure is a three-dimensional porous structure. Apart from high surface area and high conductivity, the electrical property of Pt deposited on Ni substrate is similar to that of Pt-Ni alloys. Inverse opal structure is also a three-dimensional porous structure, and the multilayer structure with a regular arrangement would enhance the specific surface area of the support. In order to apply to fuel cells, TiN is chosen as the support material. In addition to the characteristics that are suitable for the fuel cell, the conductivity of TiN is better than that of carbon black. Therefore the TiN inverse opal structure could enhance the specific surface area and the support conductivity at the same time. The second part of the dissertation is to study the fuel cell durability. MEA made by acid treated CNTs as the catalyst support is used in the experiment. In general, durability test often takes thousands of hours. In order to reduce the test time, a dynamic load method is used to accelerate the aging process (accelerated degradation test, ADT), which could achieve the degradation target in a shorter time. It could achieve 60,000 circulating current cycles in 100 hours of ADT test. The electrochemical and surface analysis methods are adopted to analyze the catalyst degradation after ADT of the fuel cells.
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Clayton, Kevin A. "Amyloid plaque deposition accelerates tau propagation via activation of microglia in a humanized app mouse model." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42695.

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Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the formation of two major pathological hallmarks: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Although there have been many studies to understand the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease, it is not yet known how microglia can promote disease progression while actively phagocytosing amyloid plaques or phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Through stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus expressing mutant P301L tau (AAV-P301L-tau) into the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of both wild-type (WT) and APPNL-G-F mice, we demonstrate how amyloid plaques exacerbate p-tau propagation to the granule cell layer (GCL) of the hippocampus. However, in mice receiving the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (PLX5622), ~95% of microglia were depleted, which dramatically reduced p-tau propagation to the GCL. Although microglia depletion curtailed p-tau propagation, it also led to reduced plaque compaction and an increase in overall amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque presence. Additionally, we found microglia depletion resulted in greater p-tau aggregation in dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid plaques. We investigated neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD), which are activated in response to amyloid plaques, for their propensity to release extracellular vesicles in comparison to homeostatic microglia. We discovered that MGnD, identified by Clec7a or Mac2 staining, strongly express Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101), which is an ESCRT-1 protein and a marker for extracellular vesicles (EVs). To further investigate EV release and MGnD, a novel lentivirus expressing fluorescent mEmerald conjugated to CD9 (mE-CD9) was constructed and injected into the MEC of both WT and APPNL-G-F mice which allowed for visualization of mE-CD9+ puncta around individual microglia. CD9 is a tetraspanin and also a marker for EVs. We observed that the number of mEmerald+ particles surrounding MGnD was three-fold higher compared to non-diseased, homeostatic microglia. Sequential injection of mE-CD9 and AAV-P301L-tau into the MEC revealed that microglia-derived EVs encapsulate pathologic p-tau, which is augmented by the MGnD phenotype. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that MGnD exhibit increased secretion of tau-containing EVs, providing a possible mechanism for how amyloid deposition indirectly exacerbates tau propagation.
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Books on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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Williams, R. Sam. Effect of dilute acid on the accelerated weathering of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Williams, R. Sam. Effect of dilute acid on the accelerated weathering of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Williams, R. Sam. Effect of dilute acid on the accelerated weathering of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Bell, Robert M. Pathophysiology of coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0145.

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The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes is characterized by an acute mismatch of blood supply to the myocardium to meet the prevailing metabolic need. By far the commonest aetiology of myocardial ischaemia is coronary artery disease . An inflammatory process that evolves over the period of many decades, coronary artery disease is characterized by the deposition of cholesterol and cholesterol laden macrophages within the intima of the vessel wall. This process can be accelerated by a number of cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes), which can culminate in the formation of the unstable plaque responsible for the emergent presentation of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. This chapter reviews the prolonged inflammatory process responsible for atheroma formation, along with rarer, non-atheroma-related causes of acute coronary syndromes.
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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 3 The European Deposit Insurance Framework. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0003.

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The euro’s launch in 1999 accelerated the integration of Europe’s financial markets. Upheavals in the banking sector and debt markets since 2007 have, however, both reinforced (regulatory and supervisory reforms) and halted (government protectionism) this development. The latter ‘renationalization’ process was accentuated by the enormous amounts of state aid that national governments channelled to banks through public loans, capital injections, and guarantees. The European Union consequently faced two equally important and complex challenges—plugging regulatory and supervisory gaps to prevent future crises, while limiting the economic damage of the crisis—which the chapter reviews from a depositor protection perspective. The chapter examines the guiding 1994 Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive, and identifies relevant regulatory and supervisory reforms that have taken place since 2007, including the 2014 recast Directive and creation of the European Banking Authority. It concludes by offering an overview of the main critiques of these regulatory and supervisory developments.
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Book chapters on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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Müller, Frank A., Lenka Müller, Ingo Hofmann, and Peter Greil. "Accelerated Biomimetic Deposition of Bonelike Apatite on Fibrous Cellulose Templates." In Bioceramics 17, 183–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-961-x.183.

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Shimizu, Katsuji, Masaharu Ishii, Ryuichi Kasai, Mutsumi Matsushita, Takao Yamamuro, Keiichi Higuchi, and Toshio Takeda. "Amyloid Deposition in the Articular Structures of Senescence Accelerated Mouse (SAM)." In Amyloidosis, 679–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2199-6_86.

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Zabusky, N. J., R. Samtaney, X. Yang, and I.-L. Chern. "Vorticity in shock-accelerated density-stratified interfaces: Deposition and “intermediate” time evolution of coherent structures." In Shock Waves, 19–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77648-9_3.

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Gspann, Jürgen. "Reactive accelerated cluster erosion (RACE) by ionized cluster beams." In Ion Beam Processing of Materials and Deposition Processes of Protective Coatings, 86–88. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82410-3.50022-9.

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Nakai, Hiroshi, Hajime Kuwahara, Joji Shinohara, Tatsumi Kawaratani, Tadashi Sassa, and Yuji Ikegami. "Preparation of Al2O3 films by a new CVD process combining plasma and accelerated ion beams." In Ion Beam Processing of Materials and Deposition Processes of Protective Coatings, 280–83. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82410-3.50063-1.

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Lightstone, Liz, and Hannah Beckwith. "The kidney in rheumatological disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 5001–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0493.

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Many rheumatological conditions have systemic effects. Antibody production, complement activation, and protein deposition can all result in damage to the kidney, sometimes with devastating sequelae. Systemic lupus erythematosus—lupus nephritis is clinically evident in up to 75% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and endstage renal disease is seen in 5 to 10% of patients at 10 years. Proteinuria is the most common clinical presentation, closely followed by nonvisible haematuria and tubular abnormalities. Patients with active lupus nephritis often have features of active SLE. The gold standard for lupus nephritis diagnosis is a renal biopsy, with treatment related to histopathological features observed. Adjunctive immunosuppressive agents such as rituximab and tacrolimus are emerging as increasingly important lupus nephritis therapies. Systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan connective tissue disease. Most renal manifestations are clinically silent. By contrast, the scleroderma renal crisis is characterized by accelerated-phase hypertension and impaired renal function. It carries a high mortality risk. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the kidneys in many ways, most commonly by causing amyloid A amyloidosis. This presents with proteinuria, often severe enough to cause nephrotic syndrome, with 50% progressing to endstage renal failure after 5 years (90% at 10 years). Renal vasculitis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, and mesangial IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis are also described. Gold and penicillamine (now rarely used) can cause proteinuria, sometimes with nephrotic syndrome. Renal involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome is generally mild, but up to a quarter of patients develop acute or chronic kidney disease, typically with evidence of tubular dysfunction. Glomerular abnormalities are rare and the most common histological abnormality is tubulointerstitial nephritis. Drug nephrotoxicity—conventional antirheumatics and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used exceptionally widely in the community and are nephrotoxic. Their almost ubiquitous use, especially during intercurrent illnesses, means they are frequent contributors to acute and chronic kidney damage.
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Schwarzacher, W. "Can The Ginsburg Model Generate Cycles?" In Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0017.

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The Ginsburg model of carbonate accumulation is an often-quoted mechanism for generating so-called autocycles. It is shown that the model does not represent a self-oscillating system; oscillations can only be generated if at least two critical parameters controlling sedimentation are introduced. The Ginsburg model is a conceptual model which tries to explain the behavior of some carbonate shelves that undergo continuous tectonic subsidence and that carry on their surface a very active carbonate factory. Unfortunately the original model has only been published in abstract form—the relevant part of which is quoted here in full (Ginsburg, 1971, p. 340): . . . "The Florida Bay lagoon and the tidal flats of the Bahamas and Persian Gulf are traps for line sediment produced on the large adjacent open platforms or shelves. The extensive source areas produce carbonate mud by precipitation and by the disintegration of organic skeletons. The carbonate mud moves shoreward by wind-driven, tidal or estuarinelike circulation, and deposition is accelerated and stabilized by marine plants and animals. Because the open marine source areas are many times larger than the nearshore traps, seaward progradation of the wedge of sediments is inevitable. This seaward progradation gives a regressive cycle from open marine shelf or platform to supratidal flat. As the shoreline progrades seaward the size of the open marine source area decreases; eventually reduced production of mud no longer exceeds slow continuous subsidence and a new transgression begins. When the source area expands so that production again exceeds subsidence a new regressive cycle starts.". . . The author is very grateful to Dr. Ginsburg for supplying some additional information that is not obvious from the abstract. The subsidence must be differential and a broad, open shelf that gradually tilts seaward is visualized. All of the sediment produced on the shelf is transported shoreward, where it accumulates as a wedge-shaped deposit that builds into a tidal bank. A further analysis of the model is interesting for two reasons. First, the model has been and still is seriously suggested as a possible mechanism to explain cyclicity on carbonate platforms (see Goldhammer et al, 1987, for references).
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Cohen, Andrew S. "Sedimentological Archives in Lake Deposits." In Paleolimnology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0011.

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Lake sediments are both repositories and sources of information about lake history. Depositional products tell us about the mechanisms of transport or accumulation of important geochemical and fossil archives, but important clues about that history are imbedded in the pattern of sedimentation itself. Geologists have recognized this fact since the earliest paleolimnological studies. Although he would certainly not have called himself a paleolimnologist, Charles Lyell’s (1830) classic studies and interpretation of the depositional environments of the Eocene Paris Basin set the tone for a time-honored approach to the study of ancient lake deposits. Lyell recognized that understanding the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of lakes that affect sedimentation, obtained through modern observation, must be applied to a four-dimensional (spatial plus time) analysis of sedimentary deposits and depositional history. However, not everything we need to know or every process we need to invoke will necessarily arise from our short-term observations of modern lakes. Events that are unlikely to occur in the course of a brief, several-year experiment or period of monitoring may become virtual certainties over the long history of some lakes and may leave a sedimentary archive of which we have little prior understanding from modern studies (Dott, 1983). Furthermore, the sedimentary response that we observe to some external forcing event may differ depending on the time scale over which we observe the response (Dearing, 1991). Consider a hill slope that is undergoing accelerated erosion, and that is producing an accumulation of sediment in a downstream channel as a result of land-clearing activities. Initially there may be no response in terms of sedimentation rate in the downstream lake; all of the sediment is being held in temporary storage. This process may occur over time scales of a few decades. At some later time a triggering event, perhaps a series of abnormally high rainfall and discharge years, causes this sediment to be released to the lake, now at an accelerated rate. This becomes a sedimentary response that the paleolimnologist can record. But, over geological time scales of millennia or longer, the original process may be modified, and new ones may gain in importance.
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Manley, Geoffrey T., John K. Yue, Hansen Deng, Ethan A. Winkler, John F. Burke, and Catherine Suen. "Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury." In Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery, edited by Ramez W. Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter J. A. Hutchinson, 483–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0041.

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This chapter provides summative information on the biomechanics, classification, and metabolism of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Impact, impulse, static/quasistatic loading, and related biomechanical sequelae following rotational shear and strain are discussed. Morphological classifications across extradural, acute/chronic subdural, subarachnoid, and intraventricular haemorrhages, as well as cerebral contusions and axonal injuries, are characterized and correlated with injury severity. Management options and implications for penetrating TBI and mild TBI/concussion are described. Cerebral metabolism including pressure/viscosity, CO2 reactivity, and autoregulation are explained in detail to provide for in-depth exploration of a spectrum of secondary injury cascades, encompassing glutamatergic excitotoxicity, autoregulatory loss, and the pressure reactivity index, flow disturbances, elevated intracranial pressure, cortical spreading depression and seizures/epilepsy. Beta-amyloid deposition in response to TBI, and genetic susceptibilities to poor recovery are covered. Current developments to standardize TBI classification systems, establish evidentiary benchmarks for quality of care, and accelerate advances in diagnosis and prognosis are highlighted.
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Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. "Late Cenozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of the San Francisco Bay area from analysis of stratigraphy, tectonics, and tephrochronology." In Regional Geology of Mount Diablo, California: Its Tectonic Evolution on the North America Plate Boundary. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1217(17).

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ABSTRACT The Neogene stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Mount Diablo area is a consequence of the passage of the Mendocino triple junction by the San Francisco Bay area between 12 and 6 Ma, volcanism above a slab window trailing the Mendocino triple junction, and crustal transpression beginning ca. 8–6 Ma, when the Pacific plate and Sierra Nevada microplate began to converge obliquely. Between ca. 12 and 6 Ma, parts of the Sierra Nevada microplate were displaced by faults splaying from the main trace of the San Andreas fault and incorporated into the Pacific plate. The Mount Diablo anticlinorium was formed by crustal compression within a left-stepping, restraining bend of the eastern San Andreas fault system, with southwest-verging thrusting beneath, and with possible clockwise rotation between faults on its southeast and northwest sides. At ca. 10.5 Ma, a drainage divide formed between the northern Central Valley and the ocean. Regional uplift accelerated at ca. 6 Ma with onset of transpression between the Pacific and North America plates. Marine deposition ceased in the eastern Coast Range basins as a consequence of the regional uplift accompanying passage of the Mendocino triple junction, and trailing slab-window volcanism. From ca. 11 to ca. 5 Ma, andesitic volcanic intrusive rocks and lavas were erupted along the northwest crest of the central to northern Sierra Nevada and deposited on its western slope, providing abundant sediment to the northern Central Valley and the northeastern Coast Ranges. Sediment filled the Central Valley and overtopped the Stockton fault and arch, forming one large, south-draining system that flowed into a marine embayment at its southwestern end, the ancestral San Joaquin Sea. This marine embayment shrunk with time, and by ca. 2.3 Ma, it was eventually cut off from the ocean. Fluvial drainage continued southwest in the Central Valley until it was cut off in turn, probably by some combination of sea-level fluctuations and transpression along the San Andreas fault that uplifted, lengthened, and narrowed the outlet channel. As a consequence, a great lake, Lake Clyde, formed in the Central Valley at ca. 1.4 Ma, occupying all of the ancestral San Joaquin Valley and part of the ancestral Sacramento Valley. The lake rose and fell with global glacial and interglacial cycles. After a long, extreme glacial period, marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 16, it overtopped the Carquinez sill at 0.63 Ma and drained via San Francisco valley (now San Francisco Bay) and the Colma gap into the Merced marine embayment of the Pacific Ocean. Later, a new outlet for Central Valley drainage formed between ca. 130 and ca. 75 ka, when the Colma gap closed due to transpression and right-slip motion on the San Andreas fault, and Duxbury Point at the south end of the Point Reyes Peninsula moved sufficiently northwest along the San Andreas fault to unblock a bedrock notch, the feature we now call the Golden Gate.
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Conference papers on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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Sledge, R. L., J. L. Bacon, D. G. Davis, R. J. Polizzi, J. R. Uglum, and R. C. Zowarka. "Arc Initiation for the Electromagnetic Powder Deposition Gun." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0377.

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Abstract The Electromagnetic Powder Deposition (EPD) process converts pulsed electrical energy into kinetic and thermal energy to accelerate and heat powder material to conditions suitable for bonding. A high pressure plasma armature is electromagnetically accelerated using a railgun. A supersonic pressure wave is created when the armature accelerates through and "snowplows" the ambient gas ahead of it. The gas column is heated, compressed, and accelerated to the entrainment section of the gun, where some of the thermal and kinetic energy is transferred to an injected stream of powder material. The acceleration burst is repeated rapidly to supply the required deposition rate and to achieve steady thermal conditions. Development of a starter plasma which is reliable at ambient pressure was a major programmatic task. Generation of a low pressure linear arc required to form a planar armature during the pulsed event was investigated. Several geometries (point-to-point breakdown, rail-to-rail breakdown, and confined glow discharge) were explored using different voltage sources (dc, 60 Hz ac, 150 MHz rf, pulsed). Satisfactory operation of the confined glow discharge approach at atmospheric pressure was achieved using rf excitation. Results of testing under the various scenarios are presented and critiqued.
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Millan, Juan Carlos, Sheila Dubey, and Wouter Koot. "Accelerated Mechanism of Scale Deposition in UW Production Operation." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Scale. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/87446-ms.

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Vorobieff, Peter, Michael Anderson, Joseph Conroy, Ross White, C. Randall Truman, and Sanjay Kumar. "Vortex deposition in shock-accelerated gas with particle/droplet seeding." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3686603.

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Jensen, Jared W., Sean W. Squire, Jeffrey P. Bons, and Thomas H. Fletcher. "Simulated Land-Based Turbine Deposits Generated in an Accelerated Deposition Facility." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53324.

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This report presents a validation of the design and operation of an accelerated testing facility for the study of foreign deposit layers typical to the operation of land-based gas turbines. This facility was designed to produce turbine deposits in a 4-hour test that would simulate 10,000 hours of turbine operation. This is accomplished by matching the net foreign particulate throughput of an actual gas turbine. Flow Mach number, temperature and particulate impingement angle are also matched. Validation tests were conducted to model the ingestion of foreign particulate typically found in the urban environment. The majority of this particulate is ceramic in nature and smaller than 10 microns in size, but varies up to 80 microns. Deposits were formed for flow Mach number and temperature of 0.4 and 1150degC respectively, using air plasma sprayed (APS) TBC material coupons donated from industry. Investigations over a range of impingement angles yielded samples with deposit thicknesses from 20 to 100 microns in 4-hour, accelerated-service simulations. Above a threshold temperature, deposit thickness was dependent on impingement angle and particle concentration. Test validation was achieved using direct comparison with deposits from service hardware. Deposit characteristics affecting blade heat transfer via convection and conduction were assessed. Surface topography analysis indicated that the surface structure of the generated deposits were similar to those found on actual turbine blades. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray spectroscopy analyses indicated that the deposit microstructures and chemical compositions were comparable to turbine blade deposit samples obtained from industry.
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Ai, Weiguo, Nathan Murray, Thomas H. Fletcher, Spencer Harding, Scott Lewis, and Jeffrey P. Bons. "Deposition Near Film Cooling Holes on a High Pressure Turbine Vane." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50901.

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Deposition on film-cooled turbine components was studied in an accelerated test facility. The accelerated deposition facility seeds a natural-gas burning combustor with finely-ground coal ash particulate at 1180°C and 180 m/s (M = 0.25). Both cylindrical and shaped holes, with and without TBC coating, were studied over a range of blowing ratios from 0.5 to 4.0. Coolant density ratios were maintained at values from 2.1 to 2.4. Deposition patterns generated with the cylindrical film cooling holes indicated regions of low deposition in the path of the coolant, with heightened deposition between film holes. This distinctive pattern was more accentuated at higher blowing ratios. Optical temperature measurements of the turbine component surface during deposition showed elevated temperatures between coolant paths. This temperature non-uniformity became more accentuated as deposition increased, highlighting a mechanism for deposition growth that has been documented on in-service turbines as well. The shaped-hole components exhibited little or no deposition in the region just downstream of the holes, due to the distributed coolant film. Close cylindrical hole spacing of 2.25d displayed similar behavior to the shaped hole configuration.
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Smith, C., B. Barker, C. Clum, and J. Bons. "Deposition in a Turbine Cascade With Combusting Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22855.

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This report presents the design and operation of an accelerated testing facility for the study of deposition in turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV). The facility was designed to produce turbine deposits in a 1–2 hour test that simulates thousands of hours of turbine operation. This is accomplished by matching the net foreign particulate throughput of an actual gas turbine. The facility seeds a combusting (natural gas) flow with 10–20 micron diameter coal ash particulate. The particulate-laden combustor exhaust is accelerated through a rectangular-to-annular transition duct and expands to ambient pressure through an NGV annular sector. The cascade contains two NGV doublets (donated from industry) comprising three full passages and two half passages of flow. The inlet Mach number (0.1) and gas temperature (1000 °C) are representative of operating power turbines. The vanes are film cooled from an auxiliary air supply at nominal design operating conditions. Investigations over a range of inlet gas temperatures showed that deposition increased substantially with temperature, with a threshold for deposition occurring between 900 °C and 1000 °C. Qualitative test validation was achieved using direct comparison with deposits from service hardware. Surface topography analysis indicated that the surface structure of the generated deposits were similar to those found on actual turbine blades. Regions of heightened deposition were noted; the leading edge and pressure surface being particularly implicated. Film cooling is shown to provide substantial protection from deposition.
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Bons, Jeffrey P., Jared Crosby, James E. Wammack, Brook I. Bentley, and Thomas H. Fletcher. "High Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land Based Gas Turbines From Various Synfuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68479.

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Ash deposits from four candidate power turbine synfuels were studied in an accelerated deposition test facility. The facility matches the gas temperature and velocity of modern first stage high pressure turbine vanes. A natural-gas combustor was seeded with finely-ground fuel ash particulate from four different fuels: straw, sawdust, coal, and petroleum coke. The entrained ash particles were accelerated to a combustor exit flow Mach number of 0.31 before impinging on a thermal barrier coating (TBC) target coupon at 1150°C. Post exposure analyses included surface topography, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray spectroscopy. Due to significant differences in the chemical composition of the various fuel ash samples, deposit thickness and structure vary considerably for each fuel. Biomass products (e.g. sawdust and straw) are significantly less prone to deposition than coal and petcoke for the same particle loading conditions. In a test simulating one turbine operating year at a moderate particulate loading of 0.02 parts per million by weight, deposit thickness from coal and petcoke ash exceeded 1 mm and 2 mm respectively. These large deposits from coal and petcoke were found to detach readily from the turbine material with thermal cycling and handling. The smaller biomass deposit samples showed greater tenacity in adhering to the TBC surface. In all cases, corrosive elements (e.g. Na, K, V, Cl, S) were found to penetrate the TBC layer during the accelerated deposition test. Implications for the power generation goal of fuel flexibility are discussed.
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Webb, J., B. Casaday, B. Barker, J. P. Bons, A. D. Gledhill, and N. P. Padture. "Coal Ash Deposition on Nozzle Guide Vanes: Part I—Experimental Characteristics of Four Coal Ash Types." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45894.

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An accelerated deposition test facility was operated with three different coal ash species to study the effect of ash composition on deposition rate and spatial distribution. The facility seeds a combusting (natural gas) flow with 10–20 micron mass mean diameter coal ash particulate. The particulate-laden combustor exhaust is accelerated through a rectangular-to-annular transition duct and expands to ambient pressure through a nozzle guide vane annular sector. For the present study, the annular cascade consisted of two CFM56 aero-engine vane doublets; comprising three full passages and two half passages of flow. The inlet Mach number (0.1) and gas temperature (1100°C) are representative of operating turbines. Ash samples were tested from the three major coal ranks: lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous. Investigations over a range of inlet gas temperatures from 900°C to 1120°C showed that deposition increased with temperature, though the threshold for deposition varied with ash type. Deposition levels varied with coal rank, with lignite producing the largest deposits at the lowest temperature. Regions of heightened deposition were noted; the leading edge and pressure surface being particularly implicated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify deposit structure. For a limited subset of tests, film cooling was employed at nominal design operating conditions but provided minimal protection in cases of severe deposition.
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Endou, A., K. Serizawa, H. Onuma, H. Kikuchi, A. Suzuki, M. Koyama, H. Tsuboi, et al. "A Theoretical Study on Deposition Processes of MgO Thin Films: Ultra-Accelerated Quantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics Approach." In 2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2008.p-8-5.

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Ai, Weiguo, Robert G. Laycock, Devin S. Rappleye, Thomas H. Fletcher, and Jeffrey P. Bons. "Effect of Particle Size and Trench Configuration on Deposition From Fine Coal Flyash Near Film Cooling Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59571.

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Particulate deposition experiments were performed in a turbine accelerated deposition facility to examine the effects of flyash particle size and trench configuration on deposits near film cooling holes. Deposition on two bare metal Inconel coupons was studied, with hole spacings (s/d) of 3.375 and 4.5. Two sizes of sub-bituminous coal ash particles were used, with mass mean diameter of 4 and 13 microns, respectively. The effect of a cooling trench at the exit of the cooling holes was also examined in this deposition facility. Experiments were performed at different angles of impaction. Particles were accelerated to a combustor exit flow Mach number of 0.25 and heated to 1183°C before impinging on a target coupon. The particle loading in the 1-hr tests was 160 ppmw. Blowing ratios were varied in these experiments from 0 to 4.0. Particle surface temperature maps were measured using two-color pyrometry based on RGB signals from a camera. Deposits generated from finer particles were observed to stick to the surface more tenaciously than larger particles. The capture efficiency measured for the small particles was lower than for the larger particles, especially at low blowing ratios. However, the finer particles exhibited a greater variation in deposition pattern as a function of hole spacing than seen with larger particles. The effect of trench configuration on deposition was examined by performing deposition tests with and without the trench for the same hole spacing and blowing ratio. The effects of trench configuration on capture efficiency, deposition pattern, and surface topography are reported. Deposition experiments at impingement angles from 45° to 15° showed changes in both deposit thickness and temperature. The trench increased cooling effectiveness, but did not change the particulate collection efficiency because the trench acted as a particulate collector.
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Reports on the topic "Accelerated deposition"

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Ives, Robert Lawrence, Gregory Parsons, Philip Williams, Christopher Oldham, Zach Mundy, and Valery Dolgashev. High Gradient Accelerator Cavities Using Atomic Layer Deposition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165161.

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