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Sohan, N. A., M. J. Dewan, A. K. M. M. Rahman, M. Al-Mamun, and M. I. Hosan. "Thermo-luminescence Response of Carbon Nanotubes and Some Other Familiar TL Materials Using Medical LINAC." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45336.
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Strain and impurity defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) particularly their potentiality as a new TL material has been studied over the years. In this research, our main objective is to explore the suitability of using CNTs and its composites in the area of TL dosimeter. For this purpose, a study was carried out between the TL responses of the dosimeters TLD-100, TLD-7000 and NaI-LiF pellets. To carry out this research, equivalent irradiations were performed with these pellets using clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) under 6 MV X-ray photon beam. The dose range was from 0.5 to 5 Gy. During irradiation, the dose rate was kept constant at 300 MU/min. TLD reader was used to readout the samples in a flowing N2 atmosphere to reduce surface oxidation.During readout, pre-heat temperature was set initially at 50 °C, acquired temperature rate 10 °C/s and maximum annealed temperature was 300 °C. Response of TLD-100 under varying dose was typically linear for any doses but other dosimeters TLD-7000 showed supra-linearity beyond 2 Gy and NaI-LiF pellets showed sub-linearity response after 2 Gy. The TL glow peak of CNTs indicated that it was lying somewhere away from 300 °C.
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Corstjens, Paul, Anouk Van Hooij, Elisa Tjon Kon Fat, Shannon Herdigein, Anna Ritah Namuganga, Azaria Diergaardt, Hygon Mutavhatsindi, et al. "OC 8435 MULTI-BIOMARKER TEST STRIP FOR POINT-OF-CARE SCREENING FOR ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS: A FIVE-COUNTRY MULTI-CENTRE TEST EVALUATION." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A6.2—A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.14.
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BackgroundInexpensive rapid screening tests that can be used at the point-of-care (POC) are vital to combat tuberculosis. Particularly, less invasive non-sputum-based biomarker tests for all TB forms can help controlling transmission. Availability of such tests would significantly accelerate and streamline diagnostic approaches, improve cost-efficiency and decrease unnecessary costly GeneXpert referrals.MethodsMulti-biomarker test (MBT) devices measuring levels of selections of up to six serum proteins simultaneously on a single lateral flow (LF) strip were produced. The strip contains individual capture lines for a biomarker selection allowing discrimination of TB-patients from other respiratory diseases (ORD). Only biomarkers successfully evaluated with singleplex strips (single biomarker tests) were applied to the MBT device. Quantitative signals are recorded with a low-cost handheld reader compatible with the applied luminescent up-converting particle (UCP) label. Biomarker selection and algorithms used to distinguish potential-TB and ORD are flexible.ResultsResults obtained with MBT strips containing multiple test lines correlate well with singleplex LF strips. Using LF tests for 5 selected biomarkers a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 96% could be achieved with a confirmed South African selection of 20 TB and 31 non-TB samples. Patients were designated TB positive when scoring a value above the cut-off threshold for at least 3 out of 5 biomarkers. Serum samples of potential TB patients collected at five medical research institutes (Ethiopia, Namibia, South Africa, The Gambia, Uganda) were tested locally with MBT strips comprised of CRP, SAA, IP-10, Ferritin, ApoA-I and IL-6 and results analysed to obtain an overall pan-Africa applicable signature.ConclusionEvaluated POC applicable UCP-LF devices detecting serum biomarker signatures can help to distinguish active TB from other respiratory diseases and as such can prioritise highest-risk patients for further care. Ongoing prospective studies evaluate the MBT strip with fingerstick blood and do not require a laboratory or trained phlebotomist anymore.
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Davis, Julie E., Lena F. Schaefer, Timothy E. McAlindon, Charles B. Eaton, Mary B. Roberts, Ida K. Haugen, Stacy E. Smith, Jeffrey Duryea, Bing Lu, and Jeffrey B. Driban. "Characteristics of Accelerated Hand Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180240.
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Objective.We aimed to determine whether hand joints develop an accelerated form of osteoarthritis (OA) and to characterize individuals who develop accelerated hand osteoarthritis (AHOA).Methods.We evaluated 3519 participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative with complete data for baseline and 48-month radiographic hand osteoarthritis (HOA). One reader scored posteroanterior radiographs of the dominant hand using a modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale and another reader scored the presence of central or marginal erosions. A third reader read images flagged for signs of diseases other than OA. We defined AHOA as ≥ 1 joints that progressed from a KL grade of 0 or 1 at baseline to KL grade 3 or 4 at 48 months.Results.The definition of AHOA was met by 1% over 4 years: 37 hands had 1 joint affected and 1 hand had 2 joints affected. At baseline, adults who developed AHOA were more likely to have hand pain (37% vs 22%), radiographic HOA (71% vs 36%), as well as central (22% vs 7%) and marginal erosions (11% vs 2%) in other joints compared to those without AHOA. Adults with AHOA were more likely to develop new erosions over 48 months (central 35%, marginal 5%) than those without AHOA (central 5%, marginal 1%). The most common locations of accelerated OA were the second metacarpophalangeal and first carpometacarpal joint.Conclusion.Accelerated OA can occur in the hand, especially among digits commonly used for pinching and fine motor skills.
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Ndolu, Nelci Nafalia, and Ezra Tari. "Religious Tolerance Based on Ezra 5–6." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 50, no. 2 (March 29, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107920913792.
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The purpose of this study is to seek the reading of Ezra 5–6 from the perspective of religious tolerance by paying attention to the characteristics of religious tolerance in the decision of Darius I concerning the Construction of the Temple. The authors use the Reader Response analysis method in describing the text of Ezra 5–6 by using Dianne Tilman’s theory of the characteristics of religious tolerance supported by historical research from researchers of Old Testament texts. The result of the study is that Darius I emerges as a tolerant and persistent leader, consistent in fighting for the religious rights of everyone as experienced by Israelitess in the Old Testament era.
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Custodio, Miguel Gabriel, Alan Thorogood, and Philip Yetton. "24 × 7 @ Full Speed: Accelerated Time to Market." Journal of Information Technology 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000058.
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‘It's only a web site. What could be so difficult about that?’ This quote is from the cafeteria of a start-up business funded by a North American retailer, after the disastrous ‘Black Friday’ of 2000, during which its web site experienced systemic failure. This case describes the dynamics, complexities and consequences of fast tracking an e-business start-up. This consumer electronics retailer created one of the most visited retail web sites, from concept to operation in 6 months. Market analysts were predicting a major increase in online sales while consumers were adopting the Internet at a rate faster than any previous technology. Meeting the multi-channel demands of the dynamic and competitive environment required operational balance, stability, innovative flexibility, organizational fit and the alignment of resource capabilities with technology. This case challenges the reader to comment on how a large company positioned itself and integrated the necessary competencies to compete successfully in a developing market by establishing a spin-off operation, separate from the main company.
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Udwadia, Firdaus E., and Artin Farahani. "Accelerated Runge-Kutta Methods." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2008 (2008): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/790619.
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Standard Runge-Kutta methods are explicit, one-step, and generally constant step-size numerical integrators for the solution of initial value problems. Such integration schemes of orders 3, 4, and 5 require 3, 4, and 6 function evaluations per time step of integration, respectively. In this paper, we propose a set of simple, explicit, and constant step-size Accerelated-Runge-Kutta methods that are two-step in nature. For orders 3, 4, and 5, they require only 2, 3, and 5 function evaluations per time step, respectively. Therefore, they are more computationally efficient at achieving the same order of local accuracy. We present here the derivation and optimization of these accelerated integration methods. We include the proof of convergence and stability under certain conditions as well as stability regions for finite step sizes. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the proposed methods in comparison with standard Runge-Kutta methods.
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Nunnery, John A., Steven M. Ross, and Aaron McDonald. "A Randomized Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Accelerated Reader/Reading Renaissance Implementation on Reading Achievement in Grades 3 to 6." Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) 11, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327671espr1101_1.
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Fisichella, V. A., F. Jäderling, S. Horvath, P. O. Stotzer, A. Kilander, and M. Hellström. "Primary three-dimensional analysis with perspective-filet view versus primary two-dimensional analysis: Evaluation of lesion detection by inexperienced readers at computed tomographic colonography in symptomatic patients." Acta Radiologica 50, no. 3 (April 2009): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850802714797.
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Background: “Perspective-filet view” is a novel three-dimensional (3D) viewing technique for computed tomography colonography (CTC). Studies with experienced readers have shown a sensitivity for perspective-filet view similar to that of 2D or 3D endoluminal fly-through in detection of colorectal lesions. It is not known whether perspective-filet view, compared to axial images, improves lesion detection by inexperienced readers. Purpose: To compare primary 3D analysis using perspective-filet view (3D Filet) with primary 2D analysis, as used by inexperienced CTC readers. Secondary aims were to compare lesion detection by 3D Filet when used by experienced and inexperienced readers, and to evaluate the effect of combined 3D Filet + 2D analysis. Material and Methods: Fifty symptomatic patients were prospectively enrolled. An experienced reader performed 3D Filet analysis followed by complete 2D analysis (3D Filet + 2D), before colonoscopy with segmental unblinding. Two inexperienced readers (readers 2 and 3), blinded to CTC and colonoscopy findings, retrospectively performed 3D Filet analysis and, after 5 weeks, 2D analysis. True positives ≥6 mm detected by the inexperienced readers with 3D Filet and/or 2D were combined to obtain 3D Filet + 2D. Results: Colonoscopy revealed 116 lesions: 16 lesions ≥10 mm, 19 lesions 6–9 mm, and 81 lesions ≤5 mm. For the experienced reader, sensitivities for lesions ≥6 mm with 3D Filet and 3D Filet + 2D were 77% and 83%, respectively. For the inexperienced readers, sensitivities for lesions ≥6 mm with 3D Filet and 2D were 51% and 57% (reader 2) and 40% and 43% (reader 3), respectively. There was no significant difference between 3D Filet and 2D regarding sensitivity and reading time. For lesions ≥6 mm, 3D Filet + 2D improved the sensitivity of reader 2 to 63% and of reader 3 to 51%. Conclusion: Lesion detection by inexperienced readers using perspective-filet view is comparable to that obtained by 2D. Lesion detection improves by combining 3D Filet + 2D, but not to the level of an experienced reader.
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Brinchi, Lucia, Pietro Di Profio, Raimondo Germani, Laura Goracci, Gianfranco Savelli, Nicholas D. Gillitt, and Clifford A. Bunton. "Premicellar Accelerated Decarboxylation of 6-Nitrobenzisoxazole-3-carboxylate Ion and Its 5-Tetradecyloxy Derivative." Langmuir 23, no. 2 (January 2007): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la061807t.
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Kreshchenko, Grebenshchikova, Karpov, and Mitkovsky. "SEROTONIN ACCELERATED PHARYNGEAL REGENERATION IN PLANARIAN SCHMIDTEA MEDITERRANEA TAIL FRAGMENTS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.151-156.
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Serotonin has been identified in all classes of parasitic and free-living Platyhelminthes. Its function in the body of Platyhelminthes remains poorly studied. In present work, the serotonin effect on morphogenetic processes in planarian Schmidtea mediterranea was studied for the first time. Pharyngeal regeneration was studied in Schmidtea mediterranea planaria. Pharynx is a relatively autonomous organ with well differentiated morphological structure and specialized function. The dissected planarian body fragments were able to regenerate the new pharynx and restore its function – food uptake and feeding. It was observed that in group of animals, the pharynx regeneration occurred from day 5 to day 10 after amputation. The regeneration time varied in different experimental series and seems to depend on the season of the experiment. The maximum number of animals restored their feeding response for 6–8 days after the intervention. Under the serotonin treatments (10–0.001 µМ), the acceleration of the restoration of a new pharynx function has been observed as compared to the control animals. The preliminary results exhibit the stimulatory action of serotonin on pharyngeal regeneration in tail fragments of S. mediterranea, thus, indicating the morphogenetic properties of serotonin.
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Vicini, Frank A., Kathy L. Baglan, Larry L. Kestin, Chris Mitchell, Peter Y. Chen, Robert C. Frazier, Greg Edmundson, et al. "Accelerated Treatment of Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 1993–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.7.1993.
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PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) restricted to the tumor bed, by means of an interstitial implant, and lasting 4 to 5 days after lumpectomy was prospectively evaluated in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). The goals of the study were to determine whether treatment time can be reduced and whether elective treatment of the entire breast is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and January 2000, 174 cases of early-stage breast cancer were managed with lumpectomy followed by RT restricted to the tumor bed using an interstitial implant. Each brachytherapy patient was matched with one external-beam RT (ERT) patient derived from a reference group of 1,388 patients treated with standard BCT. Patients were matched for age, tumor size, histology, margins of excision, absence of an extensive intraductal component, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, and tamoxifen use. Median follow-up for both the ERT and brachytherapy groups was 36 months. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted in the 5-year actuarial rates of ipsilateral breast treatment failure or locoregional failure between ERT and brachytherapy patients (1% v 0%, P = .31 and 2% v 1%, P = .63, respectively). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences noted in rates of distant metastasis (6% v 3%, P = .24), disease-free survival (87% v 91%, P = .55), overall survival (90% v 93%, P = .66), or cause-specific survival (97% v 99%, P = .28). CONCLUSION: Accelerated treatment of breast cancer using an interstitial implant to deliver radiation to the tumor bed alone over 4 to 5 days seems to produce 5-year results equivalent to those achieved with conventional ERT. Extended follow-up will be required to determine the long-term efficacy of this treatment approach.
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Wang, Jinying, Qizhi Long, and Haiyan Zhong. "Influence of Temperature on Triacylglycerol Degradation in Camellia Seed Oil during Accelerated Thermal Oxidation." Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 6, no. 5 (May 13, 2018): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-6-5-7.
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Bosma, S., F. Leij van der, S. Vreeswijk, M. Vijver van der, S. Rivera, T. Foukakis, D. Bongard van den, et al. "OC-0592 5 year results of the Preoperative Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (PAPBI) trial." Radiotherapy and Oncology 133 (April 2019): S310—S311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31012-6.
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Wénin, André. "Pourquoi le lecteur rit-il d’Haman en Esther 6™?" Vetus Testamentum 60, no. 3 (2010): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853310x504865.
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AbstractThis study is dedicated to the narrative working out of the dramatic irony that makes the reader laugh at the expense of Haman in the Masoretic text of Esther 6. Two main devices contribute to create this effect: the transparency in the characterisation of the prime minister of Persia in chaps 3, 5 and 6, and the intelligent use of internal focalisation by the omniscient narrator in 6:6b. In this text, irony has clearly a humoristic function, but also an axiological one.
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Scandurra, A., A. Porto, and O. Puglisi. "SIMS microprofiles of Pb5%Sn solder joints in electronic devices after accelerated life tests." Applied Surface Science 89, no. 1 (May 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(95)00021-6.
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Tandogan, Tamer, Gerd U. Auffarth, Chul Young Choi, Hyeck-Soo Son, and Ramin Khoramnia. "Comparative analysis of in vitro accelerated glistening formation in foldable hydrophobic intraocular lenses." International Ophthalmology 41, no. 9 (May 19, 2021): 3073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01870-6.
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Abstract Purpose To analyse and compare the propensity to form glistenings in 4 different types of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs): Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC, HOYA iSert® PC-60AD, Bausch&Lomb enVista, and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A. Methods We used an accelerated laboratory method to create glistenings. IOLs were first immersed in saline at 45 °C for 24 h and then at 37 °C for 2.5 h. Microvacuole (MV) density and size were documented and calculated using an image analysis program. Results Median density of glistenings [MV/mm2] for Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC was 623 (range 507–804), for HOYA iSert® PC-60AD 1358 (range 684–2699), for Bausch&Lomb enVista 2 (range 1–2), and for Kowa Avansee™ PU6A 1 (range 1–4). The prevailing MV size was: 0–5 µm for Hoya IOLs, 5–10 µm for Alcon IOLs, 20–50 µm for Bausch&Lomb IOLs, and 5–50 µm for Kowa IOLs. Conclusions Glistenings could be induced in all studied IOLs using the accelerated laboratory method. The Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC and HOYA iSert® PC-60AD IOLs showed MV of high density, while the glistenings in the Hoya IOLs were smaller in size compared to the Alcon IOLs. The MV density was minimal in the Bausch&Lomb enVista and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A IOLs. The propensity of the Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC IOLs to form glistenings in vitro correlated with the findings of clinical results that are already published.
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Duque, Gustavo, Michael Macoritto, and Richard Kremer. "Vitamin D treatment of senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P/6) induces several regulators of stromal cell plasticity." Biogerontology 5, no. 6 (2004): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10522-004-3192-5.
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Coronel-Arismendi, M. B., G. Pujol Muncunill, B. Minguez-Rodríguez, S. Feo-Ortego, L. N. Guevara-Caviedes, V. Vila-Miravet, and F. J. Martin De Carpi. "P678 Effect of accelerated infliximab induction on short-term outcomes of paediatric acute severe ulcerative colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S553—S554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.806.
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Abstract Background Due to a higher inflammatory burden and a rapid clearance of infliximab (IFX) in Acute Severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), the accelerated IFX induction may be considered (IFX up to 10 mg/kg per dose, at week 0, 1 and 4–5) in those patients who need to start second-line treatment. The aim of our study is to describe the short-term outcomes of ASUC pediatric patients who have received an accelerated IFX induction regimen in our Unit. Methods In a retrospective study we collected data from patients with ASUC who received treatment with accelerated IFX induction. We analyzed demographic, clinical and analytical data as well as treatment adverse events from medical records. The short-term outcomes (at the end of the induction and at 3 months) were analyzed based in the Paediatric Ulcerative Activity Index (PUCAI)) and analytical parameters (haemoglobin, C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and albumin. Results Six patients with ASUC who received accelerated IFX induction were included (5 male; median age at diagnosis 10.5 years (IQR: 2–15); mean time from diagnosis to ASUC flare: 1.8 years (IQR: 0–9 years)). At disease onset, 5/6 patients presented with pancolonic involvement (E4) with an average PUCAI of 55 points. At ASUC flare all of them presented pancolonic involvement with a PUCAI over 65 points, 50% of them had anaemia, 66.6% elevation of inflammatory markers (CRP and/or ESR) and 50% hypoalbuminemia. The patients received an accelerated IFX induction with IFX at 10 mg/kg at 0, 1 and 4 - 5 weeks without adverse events. After accelerated IFX induction regimen 5/6 patients showed clinical response and normalisation of laboratory tests (haemoglobin, inflammatory markers and albumin). One patient presented treatment failure needing surgery (colectomy rate 16.6%). At 3 months follow-up, no new patients needed colectomy. One patient had an infusional reaction and was changed to Vedolizumab treatment maintaining remission, the other 4 patients were maintained on IFX treatment (1 clinical remission, 3 mild clinical activity). The overall colectomy rate after accelerated IFX induction remained in 16,6%. Conclusion In our cohort of ASUC patients treated with an accelerated IFX induction regimen we observed an 83.3% free colectomy rate at short-term, being this regimen a valid therapeutic option to avoid surgery. Prospective and comparative studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this strategy in reducing the colectomy rate, both in the short-and long-term follow-up.
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Ciatto, Stefano, Marco Rosselli Del Turco, Doralba Morrone, Sandra Catarzi, Daniela Ambrogetti, Angelo Cariddi, and Marco Zappa. "Independent Double Reading of Screening Mammograms." Journal of Medical Screening 2, no. 2 (June 1995): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914139500200209.
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Objective — To evaluate the cost effectiveness of independent double reading of screening mammograms. Setting — Prospective study of 18817 women undergoing first or repeat screening in a population based programme in the Florence district. Methods — Mammograms were independently double read by experienced radiologists. Subjects with mammographic abnormalities reported by at least one reader were recalled for diagnostic assessment. The mean increase in recall rate, cancer detection rate, and screening costs attributable to double reading was calculated. Results — Eleven of 125 cancers were detected by only one reader. The mean increase in cancer detection rate attributable to double reading compared with single reading was 4·6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1 to 8·9). From a total of 748 cases referred for diagnostic assessment, 196 subjects were referred by one reader only. The mean increase in referral rate attributable to double reading compared with single reading was 15·1% (CI 12·3 to 17·8). Double reading caused a marked increase in the cost for each woman screened −8·5% at the first screening and 6·2% at repeat screening and a more limited increase in the cost for each cancer detected −3·5% at the first screening and 2·7% at repeat screening. Cancers detected by only one screener were at an earlier stage than those detected by both screeners (P = 0·6, not significant). Conclusions — Independent double reading results in only a modest increase in the detection of cancers and therefore may not be cost effective.
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Zhang, Jingyao, Ruixia Cui, Yang Feng, Weiman Gao, Jianbin Bi, Zeyu Li, and Chang Liu. "Serotonin Exhibits Accelerated Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through TPH1 Knockout Mouse Experiments." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7967868.
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Background. Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive fibrosis interstitial lung disease that is characterized by inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic changes. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important regulatory factor in inflammation, immunomodulation, and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT in bleomycin- (BLM-) induced pulmonary fibrosis through wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and TPH1 knockout (KO) mouse experiments. Methods. The mice were grouped as follows: WT control group, KO control group, WT BLM group, and KO BLM group. Mice were administrated bleomycin hydrochloride through intratracheal instillation to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were sacrificed 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after modeling, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to determine the severity of fibrotic changes. Results. The results showed that the weight loss of mice in the WT BLM group was more severe than that in the KO BLM group. H&E and Sirius Red staining revealed that 5-HT markedly aggravated histological damage and fibrotic changes in the lung. Significantly lower levels of hydroxyproline, Ashcroft fibrosis score, total BALF protein and cells, BALF tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase- (MPO-) positive cells in the lung tissues, and fibrosis-associated proteins were discovered in the mice from the KO BLM group compared with the WT BLM group. Conclusion. 5-HT aggravated pulmonary fibrosis mainly by promoting the inflammation, exudation of proteins and cells, oxidative stress, and upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes in the lung tissues.
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Tariq, Muniba, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Samima Asad Butt, Shaukat Ali, Asma Bashir Ahmad, Chand Raza, Muhammad Summer, Ali Hassan, and Junaid Nadeem. "Silk derived formulations for accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice." PeerJ 9 (January 8, 2021): e10232. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10232.
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Background The present study aimed to prepare effective silk derived formulations in combination with plant extract (Aloe vera gel) to speed up the wound healing process in diabetic mice. Methods Diabetes was induced in albino mice by using alloxan monohydrate. After successful induction of diabetes in mice, excision wounds were created via biopsy puncture (6 mm). Wound healing effect of silk sericin (5%) and silk fibroin (5%) individually and in combination with 5% Aloe vera gel was evaluated by determining the percent wound contraction, healing time and histological analysis. Results The results indicated that the best biocompatible silk combination was of 5% silk fibroin and 5% Aloe vera gel in which wounds were healed in 13 days with wound contraction: 98.33 ± 0.80%. In contrast, the wound of the control group (polyfax) healed in 19 day shaving 98.5 ± 0.67% contraction. Histological analysis revealed that the wounds which were treated with silk formulations exhibited an increased growth of blood vessels, collagen fibers, and much reduced inflammation. Conclusion It can be concluded that a combination of Bombyx mori silk and Aloe vera gel is a natural biomaterial that can be utilized in wound dressings and to prepare more innovative silk based formulations for speedy recovery of chronic wounds.
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Tariq, Muniba, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Samima Asad Butt, Shaukat Ali, Asma Bashir Ahmad, Chand Raza, Muhammad Summer, Ali Hassan, and Junaid Nadeem. "Silk derived formulations for accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice." PeerJ 9 (January 8, 2021): e10232. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10232.
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Background The present study aimed to prepare effective silk derived formulations in combination with plant extract (Aloe vera gel) to speed up the wound healing process in diabetic mice. Methods Diabetes was induced in albino mice by using alloxan monohydrate. After successful induction of diabetes in mice, excision wounds were created via biopsy puncture (6 mm). Wound healing effect of silk sericin (5%) and silk fibroin (5%) individually and in combination with 5% Aloe vera gel was evaluated by determining the percent wound contraction, healing time and histological analysis. Results The results indicated that the best biocompatible silk combination was of 5% silk fibroin and 5% Aloe vera gel in which wounds were healed in 13 days with wound contraction: 98.33 ± 0.80%. In contrast, the wound of the control group (polyfax) healed in 19 day shaving 98.5 ± 0.67% contraction. Histological analysis revealed that the wounds which were treated with silk formulations exhibited an increased growth of blood vessels, collagen fibers, and much reduced inflammation. Conclusion It can be concluded that a combination of Bombyx mori silk and Aloe vera gel is a natural biomaterial that can be utilized in wound dressings and to prepare more innovative silk based formulations for speedy recovery of chronic wounds.
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Khan, Anjum Bashir, Donal McLornan, Yogesh Jethava, Kavita Raj, Victoria T. Potter, Hugues de Lavallade, Majid A. Kazmi, et al. "Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Accelerated/Blastic Phase Philadelphia-Chromosome Negative MPN." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4532.4532.
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Abstract Abstract 4532 Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN)-Leukaemic Transformation (LT) uniformly carries a dismal prognosis. Effective therapy for such patients are currently lacking with no established evidence base to guide Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (AHSCT) regimen. We report the outcome of a cohort of patients undergoing AHSCT at our 2 institutions over a 6-year period (2006–2012). 24 patients underwent AHSCT following diagnosis of MPN transformed to an accelerated phase (5–9% blasts on bone marrow (BM), n=9 & 10–19% BM blasts, n=2) or blastic phase (>20% blasts on peripheral blood or BM, n=13). Disease subtypes were: Polcythaemia Vera (PV, n=4), Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET, n=6), Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF, n=8), Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative neoplasm-Unclassified (MDS/MPN-U, n=6). Median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 29–67) and median time to transformation was 50 months (range 0–271). Cytogenetics were abnormal at transformation in 11 patients (46%), with 6 (25%) demonstrating abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7 or complex karyotype, and 5 displaying trisomy 8, whilst 1 had isolated chromosome 17p deletion. 13 patients harboured the JAK2V617F mutation. Patients received a median of 3 (range, 1–5) lines of therapy for chronic and acute phase prior to AHSCT, of which 20 patients received intensive AML-type induction therapy. Disease status at time of AHSCT was complete remission (CR) in 13 cases, partial response (PR) in 7, and 4 patients had persisting AML. Conditioning regimes were Reduced Intensity with T-depletion (Alemtuzumab or Anti-Thymocyte globulin) in 23/24 cases (Fludarabine/Busulfan-based n=12, FLAMSA (Fludarabine, Ara-C and Amsacrine, followed by TBI/Cyclophosphamide or Busulfan) n=9, Fludarabine Cyclophosphamide TBI haploidentical protocol n=1, Fludarabine/Melphalan n=1). Median CD34 dose was 6.48 × 10∧6 cells/kg (range 1.17 {BMH} −10.71). Stem cell source was Peripheral Blood in all but one case, from unrelated (n=17) or related (n=7) donors. Median time to both neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 13 days (range 9–25 and 7–68 respectively); 2 patients including the haploidentical transplant had Primary Graft Failure (8%). The incidence of severe (grade 3&4) acute GVHD was 3/24 (12.5%) and 10 patients developed NIH-defined chronic GVHD (8 moderate, 1 severe). Day 100 Non-relapse mortality was 12.5%. Patients underwent sequential chimerism monitoring. Median OS for the entire cohort was only 10 months with a median progression free survival (PFS) of only 6.5 months. 5 patients received therapeutic Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (tDLI) for relapse at a median dose of 1×10∧6 CD3+/kg. 2 patients received DLI alone for chronic phase relapse, of whom 1 achieved remission. 3 patients received chemotherapy + DLI and 1 achieved 2ndCR. At last follow-up, 11/24 patients were alive with median surviving patient follow-up of 25 months. The percentage of BM blasts at progression from chronic phase had a highly significant impact upon outcome post AHSCT, median OS 23 vs. 10 months for 5–9% BM blasts compared to 310% BM blasts (p=0.011) & PFS 11 vs 6 months respectively (p=0.033, Fig 1). This effect was replicated when considering disease response immediately prior to AHSCT, with a median OS of 28 months for those in CR, compared to 10 months for those with excess blasts (p=0.017) and median PFS 11 vs 6 months, p=0.019 (Fig 2). Disease duration, subtype, Jak2 status and age at allograft did not significantly affect survival. Of note for the 3 surviving patients with follow-up over 6 months, all received FLAMSA-RIC conditioning (n=9). 5 patients who received FLAMSA TBI; 2 died of treatment-related complications, and 2 with residual disease at time of AHSCT relapsed early. Of 4 patients who have received a hybrid FLAMSA-Busulfan regimen, 2 remain alive in CR and 2 achieved a relapse free period of 12 months. Interestingly, PFS for FLAMSA-Bu patients appears significantly improved compared to conventional RIC regimens (median PFS 12 vs. 6 months, p=0.035) on univariate analysis, although conclusions are limited by cohort size. Further work into optimising transplantation regimens for accelerated and blastic phase MPN is warranted. Early use of FLAMSA-Busulfan hybrid protocol, before transformation to overt blastic phase, in conjunction with early weaning of immunosuppressive therapy and prophylactic DLI may improve the proportion of long-term survivors. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures: Harrison: Sanofi Aventis: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria, Research Funding; YM Bioscience: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Lazar, A. J., S. K. Tsui, and S. Wright. "Derivations from Hereditary Subalgebras of C*-Algebras." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1986-006-5.
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Let A be a C*-algebra, B a C*-subalgebra of A, δ:B → A a derivation, i.e., a linear map withThere has been considerable interest for several years now in the question of when δ can be extended from B to a derivation of A (see, for example, [8], Section 4, [1], [5], [4], [6], [9], [10], [11]). The paper before the reader will be concerned with this extension problem when B is a hereditary C*-subalgebra of A.Our work takes its cue from the paper [6] of George Elliott. We prove in Section 2 of the present paper that derivations as described above of a unital hereditary C*-subalgebra always extend whenever A is either simple, AW*, separable and AF, or separable with continuous trace, thus generalizing and extending Theorem 4.5 of [6].
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Zimmerman, Kurt A., Jifeng Huang, Lan He, Dustin Z. Revell, Zhang Li, Jung-Shan Hsu, Wayne R. Fitzgibbon, et al. "Interferon Regulatory Factor‐5 in Resident Macrophage Promotes Polycystic Kidney Disease." Kidney360 1, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0001052019.
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BackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by genetic mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Macrophages and their associated inflammatory cytokines promote cyst progression; however, transcription factors within macrophages that control cytokine production and cystic disease are unknown.MethodsIn these studies, we used conditional Pkd1 mice to test the hypothesis that macrophage-localized interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), a transcription factor associated with production of cyst-promoting cytokines (TNFα, IL-6), is required for accelerated cyst progression in a unilateral nephrectomy (1K) model. Analyses of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow-cytometry data 3 weeks post nephrectomy, a time point before the onset of severe cystogenesis, indicate an accumulation of inflammatory infiltrating and resident macrophages in 1K Pkd1 mice compared with controls. qRT-PCR data from FACS cells at this time demonstrate that macrophages from 1K Pkd1 mice have increased expression of Irf5 compared with controls. To determine the importance of macrophage-localized Irf5 in cyst progression, we injected scrambled or IRF5 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in 1K Pkd1 mice and analyzed the effect on macrophage numbers, cytokine production, and renal cystogenesis 6 weeks post nephrectomy.ResultsAnalyses of qRT-PCR and IRF5 ASO treatmentsignificantly reduced macrophage numbers, Irf5 expression in resident—but not infiltrating—macrophages, and the severity of cystic disease. In addition, IRF5 ASO treatment in 1K Pkd1 mice reduced Il6 expression in resident macrophages, which was correlated with reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and downstream p-STAT3 target gene expression.ConclusionsThese data suggest that Irf5 promotes inflammatory cytokine production in resident macrophages resulting in accelerated cystogenesis.
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SÁNCHEZ, FÉLIX CABELLO, and RICARDO GARCÍA. "On amenability of the Banach algebras l∞(S, [Ufr ])." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 132, no. 2 (March 2002): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004102005443.
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Let [Ufr ] be an associative Banach algebra. Given a set S, we write l∞(S, [Ufr ]) for the Banach algebra of all bounded functions f: S→[Ufr ] with the usual norm ∥f∥∞ = sups∈S∥f(s)∥[Ufr ] and pointwise multiplication. When S is countable, we simply write l∈([Ufr ]).In this short note, we exhibit examples of amenable (resp. weakly amenable) Banach algebras [Ufr ] for which l∈(S, [Ufr ]) fails to be amenable (resp. weakly amenable), thus solving a problem raised by Gourdeau in [7] and [8]. We refer the reader to [4, 9, 10] for background on amenability and weak amenability. For basic information about the Arens product in the second dual of a Banach algebra the reader can consult [5, 6].
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Khalimova, L. I. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accelerated and Accelerated Cornea Pulsing Crosslinking Based on the Presence of a Demarcation Line." Ophthalmology in Russia 16, no. 1S (April 22, 2019): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-1s-127-131.
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Purpose of the study is to assess the state of the demarcation line of the stroma after accelerated and pulsed accelerated ultraviolet cornea crosslinking. Patients and methods. Clinical observations included 24 patients (31 eyes) with keratoconus (KC), aged 18–46 years, men — 11 (45.9 %), women — 13 (54.1 %). Accelerated (a-CXL) crosslinking was carried out in continuous mode with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes (13 eyes), pulsed accelerated (i-ACXL) with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes, in mode 1 sec light / 1 sec pause (18 eyes). Conducted generally accepted and additional methods of ophthalmic research. The follow-up periods were 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results. According to optical coherent tomography, the demarcation line was detected in all cases after a-CXL and i-ACXL. At 1 month after the crosslinking, there were no significant differences between the a-CXL and i-ACXL groups in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, maximal correction. The average depth with demarcation at 1 month after the procedure in the central zone of the cornea was 216.41 ± 36.67 μm in the a-CXL group and 236.41 ± 37.08 μm in the i-ACXL group. Using confocal microscopy in vivo in both groups 1 month after surgery apoptosis of keratocytes and stromal edema were detected. A gradual restoration of the cornea to its original state was observed after 6 months. Conclusion. Research results have shown that accelerated and pulsed accelerated cross-linking are safe and effective technologies to stabilize the progression of keratoconus. Both crosslinking protocols provide a significant reduction in the duration of the procedure compared to the traditional one. Revealed deeper arrangement of the demarcation line when performing pulsed accelerated crosslinking compared to the accelerated. Further long-term and more extensive studies of accelerated and pulsed accelerated cornea ultraviolet crosslinking will provide improved information on their effectiveness in the long-term.
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Harandi, N., A. A. Hosseini, K. E. Huang, A. J. Huang, A. Goel, R. E. Abendroth, J. W. Lee, and M. C. Rounsaville. "Early Efficacy and Cosmetic Outcomes of External-Beam Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation (APBI) Utilizing 6 Gy x 5 fractions." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 105, no. 1 (September 2019): E22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.666.
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Skorokhodov, M. Yu, R. L. Boguslavskyi, and V. S. Lyutenko. "Moisture level effect on seed longevity of wheat species representatives." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 24 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.24.10.
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Аim. To determine the optimum moisture content and comparative longevity of seeds of wheat species accessions for long-term storage according to the results of the “accelerated seed aging” experiment. Results and Discussion. There was estimated seed longevity of the representatives of wheat species Triticum aestivum L., T. spelta L., T. durum Desf., T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl., T. monococcum L., T. sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk. of three reproduction years – 2014, 2016 and 2017, at three moisture levels – 5 %, 6 % and 7 % in the experiment with accelerated aging. Germination energy and germination rate depended on the year conditions, seed moisture, the interactions year – genotype, year – seed moisture and all three factors: year conditions, seed moisture, genotype (influence power from 16.1 to 20.1). Accelerated aging caused decrease in seed germination energy and germination rate in almost all samples at all three moisture levels. Under the accelerated aging, with an increase in seed moisture content from 5 % to 7 %, on average by the accessions, the seed germination energy (from 83 % to 63 %) and germination rate (from 90 % to 68 %) decreased on samples. At all three moisture levels, relatively high germination energy and germination rate after accelerated aging had T.monococcum (86-95 % and 88-97 %) and Polba 3 (74-96 % and 85-98 %). A low germination energy (66-69 % и 68-77 %) and germination rate showed T.sinskajae UA0300224 (66-69 %) and T.durum Spadschyna (56-75 % и 61-92 %). At all three seed moisture levels, the high plasticity of germination energy had T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.durum Spadschina, germination rate – T.sinskajae. With all three seed moisture levels, T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.aestivum Harkivska 26 were characterized by stable germination rate. Conclusions. The highest seed longevity of the studied accessions is provided by moisture of 5%, less but close longevity – the moisture of 6%. The least longevity in three test options had seeds with 7 % moisture content. Among studied accessions of wheat species most longevous seeds had T.monococcum UA0300439 and Polba 3. The seeds of T.sinskajae UA0300224 and T.astivum PI619379 were less longevous.
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Nakade, Yukiomi, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Masahiro Iwa, Kiyoshi Tsukamoto, Hidenori Yanagi, Takehira Yamamura, Christopher Mantyh, Theodore N. Pappas, and Toku Takahashi. "Restraint stress stimulates colonic motility via central corticotropin-releasing factor and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 4 (April 2007): G1037—G1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00419.2006.
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Although restraint stress accelerates colonic transit via a central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the precise mechanism still remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that restraint stress and central CRF stimulate colonic motility and transit via a vagal pathway and 5-HT3 receptors of the proximal colon in rats. 51Cr was injected via the catheter positioned in the proximal colon to measure colonic transit. The rats were subjected to a restraint stress for 90 min or received intracisternal injection of CRF. Ninety minutes after the administration of 51Cr, the entire colon was removed, and the geometric center (GC) was calculated. Four force transducers were sutured on the proximal, mid, and distal colon to record colonic motility. Restraint stress accelerated colonic transit (GC of 6.7 ± 0.4, n = 6) compared with nonrestraint controls (GC of 5.1 ± 0.2, n = 6). Intracisternal injection of CRF (1.0 μg) also accelerated colonic transit (GC of 7.0 ± 0.2, n = 6) compared with saline-injected group (GC of 4.6 ± 0.5, n = 6). Restraint stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit was reduced by perivagal capsaicin treatment. Intracisternal injection of CRF antagonists (10 μg astressin) abolished restraint stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit. Stimulated colonic transit and motility induced by restraint stress and CRF were significantly reduced by the intraluminal administration of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (5 × 10−6 M; 1 ml) into the proximal colon. Restraint stress and intracisternal injection of CRF significantly increased the luminal content of 5-HT of the proximal colon. It is suggested that restraint stress stimulates colonic motility via central CRF and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in conscious rats.
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Herman, Daniel Horatius. "Tinggal dan Berbuah di Dalam Yesus: Eksegesis terhadap Yohanes 15:4-5." Predica Verbum: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51591/predicaverbum.v1i1.3.
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There are many interpretations made of John 15: 4-6. The many interpretations can lead to confusion about the purpose of Jesus. This study aims to find the meaning of the teachings of Jesus according to Jesus' intent so that the problems of different interpretations can be resolve. This study was done by exegeting and relating the text to the context of Jesus' story, the context of the Gospel of John, the context of the Old Testament, and the context of the first reader and then implies its meaning to current Bible readers. This research was conduct in three parts. First, study 15:4 “Abiding versus Not Abiding in Jesus.” which refers to a command or invitation to take sides with Jesus; The second study on 15: 5 Fruitful versus Unfruitful. It relates directly to the responses to the invitation in the first section; and third, the study of 15: 6 He threw out, He dried and is on burning. This section describes the condemnation of rejecting Jesus.
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Jesson, Rebecca. "Accelerating writing achievement." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.0341.
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Q: Our school is in the process of targeting writing achievement for students in Years 1 through to 8. Students in my Years 5 and 6 class who were below or well below the writing standard at the end of their previous year have been targeted as a focus group for improvement. These students need to have their achievement accelerated. What strategies do I need to put in place to ensure that this acceleration can happen? Can this accelerated improvement be sustained over a long period?—Lanie Moore, Years 5/6 homeroom teacher, Reefton Area School A: These questions are among those that teachers and schools grapple with every day. And because they are such important questions, they are difficult questions to answer in the space of a few pages. As you will appreciate, any response will depend on what the students’ individual and collective strengths and needs are. There are, however, a number of general principles that might guide your decision making for these students ...
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Ströter, Daniel, Johannes S. Mueller-Roemer, André Stork, and Dieter W. Fellner. "OLBVH: octree linear bounding volume hierarchy for volumetric meshes." Visual Computer 36, no. 10-12 (July 6, 2020): 2327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01886-6.
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Abstract We present a novel bounding volume hierarchy for GPU-accelerated direct volume rendering (DVR) as well as volumetric mesh slicing and inside-outside intersection testing. Our novel octree-based data structure is laid out linearly in memory using space filling Morton curves. As our new data structure results in tightly fitting bounding volumes, boundary markers can be associated with nodes in the hierarchy. These markers can be used to speed up all three use cases that we examine. In addition, our data structure is memory-efficient, reducing memory consumption by up to 75%. Tree depth and memory consumption can be controlled using a parameterized heuristic during construction. This allows for significantly shorter construction times compared to the state of the art. For GPU-accelerated DVR, we achieve performance gain of 8.4$$\times $$ × –13$$\times $$ × . For 3D printing, we present an efficient conservative slicing method that results in a 3$$\times $$ × –25$$\times $$ × speedup when using our data structure. Furthermore, we improve volumetric mesh intersection testing speed by 5$$\times $$ × –52$$\times $$ × .
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Leong, Hon Sing, Mark Grist, Hannah Parsons, Richard B. Wambolt, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Roger Brownsey, and Michael F. Allard. "Accelerated rates of glycolysis in the hypertrophied heart: are they a methodological artifact?" American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): E1039—E1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00507.2001.
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Glycolysis, measured by3H2O production from [5-3H]glucose, is accelerated in isolated working hypertrophied rat hearts. However, nonglycolytic detritiation of [5-3H]glucose via the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) could potentially lead to an overestimation of true glycolytic rates, especially in hypertrophied hearts where the PPP may be upregulated. To address this concern, we measured glycolysis using [5-3H]glucose and a second, independent method in isolated working hearts from halothane-anesthetized, sham-operated and aortic-constricted rats. Glycolysis was accelerated in hypertrophied hearts compared with control hearts regardless of the method used. There was also excellent concordance in glycolytic rates between the different methods. Moreover, activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and expression of transaldolase, enzymes controlling key steps in the oxidative and nonoxidative PPP, respectively, were not different between control and hypertrophied hearts. Thus nonglycolytic detritiation of [5-3H]glucose in the PPP is insignificant, and 3H2O production from [5-3H]glucose is an accurate means to measure glycolysis in isolated working normal and hypertrophied rat hearts. Furthermore, the PPP does not appear to be increased in cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction.
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Molnar, Thomas J., Sara N. Baxer, and Joseph C. Goffreda. "Accelerated Screening of Hazelnut Seedlings for Resistance to Eastern Filbert Blight." HortScience 40, no. 6 (October 2005): 1667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1667.
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An eastern filbert blight resistance screening technique was developed that reduces the time required to identify susceptible Corylus avellana L. seedlings from the previously reported 14 to 16 months after inoculation to 6 to 7 months. To accomplish this, hazelnuts were harvested at maturity, treated with GA3, germinated, and grown for about 8 weeks at 24 °C day/18 °C night with 16-hour daylengths. Seedlings were then moved to a humidity chamber and inoculated with ascospores of Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller 3 times over 2 weeks by misting until run off with a solution of 1 × 106 ascospores/mL in sterile distilled water. Following inoculation, seedlings were returned to the original greenhouse for 8 weeks and then were moved to a 10 to 15 °C day/5 to 10 °C night greenhouse with natural daylengths for 4 weeks. They were then moved to a 4 °C cold room for 8 weeks to receive chilling. Afterwards, seedlings were returned to a greenhouse at 24 °C day/18 °C night where stromata development was visible in 4 to 6 weeks.
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Fitch, Coy D., and Natrice V. Russell. "Accelerated Denaturation of Hemoglobin and the Antimalarial Action of Chloroquine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 7 (July 2006): 2415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01652-05.
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ABSTRACT To study the antimalarial action of chloroquine, normal mouse erythrocytes were used as surrogates for erythrocytoid bodies. These bodies form in the endosomes of intraerythrocytic malaria parasites as they feed on their host and consist of erythrocyte cytoplasm enclosed in a vestige of the erythrocyte membrane. In suspensions of normal erythrocytes or lysates (equivalent to 5 μl of erythrocytes per ml in each case), hemoglobin underwent denaturation when it was incubated at 38°C in 150 mM sodium acetate (pH 5). It is reasonable to assume that the same phenomenon occurs in acidic endosomes. Addition of 100 μM chloroquine to the incubation mixture caused the rate of hemoglobin denaturation to double to 40 nanomoles per hour per ml of packed erythrocytes. This effect required the presence of erythrocyte stroma and was inhibited by reducing the temperature to 24°C or increasing the pH to 6. We propose that the primary antimalarial action of chloroquine is to bind to ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and remove it from oxidized hemoglobin, thus producing toxic FP-chloroquine complexes and an excess of denatured globin. Furthermore, we suggest that these substances inhibit endosomal maturation and thereby cause hemoglobin accumulation in immature endosomes and masking of the lipids needed for FP dimerization. The term “masking” is used to signify that unsaturated lipids are present in parasitized erythrocytes but are specifically unavailable to promote FP dimerization.
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BALLARD, PHILIP L., LINDA W. GONZALES, MARY C. WILLIAMS, JAMES M. ROBERTS, and MARK M. JACOBS. "Differentiation of Type II Cells during Explant Culture of Human Fetal Lung Is Accelerated by Endogenous Prostanoids and Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate*." Endocrinology 128, no. 6 (June 1991): 2916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-128-6-2916.
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Sayidova, Gulrukh Yokubovna. "LINGUAPOETICS OF T TICS OF TASHBIH (COMP ASHBIH (COMPARISON) IN THE POE ARISON) IN THE POETIC WORKS OF ALISHER NAVOI." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/1/17.
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Introduction. The article identifies and classifies the structure, internal and external features of the tahsbeh (comparison) as well as explaining its semantic peculiarities in lingua poetic and lingua culturiological aspects in the poetic works of Alisher Navoi, the great poet of the Turkic peoples, uniting the Turkic peoples from China to Khorasan under the banner of a single literary language. As there is a significant difference between similar and compared words in tashbih, it makes the reader think and reflect over it. The reader tries to find a logical connection in the tashbih, and in the process of it, he or she becomes interested in the artistic image or reality, and as a result, he/she enjoys the art of tashbih, which amazes the mind. The poet used many tashbihs in his poems. They were classified according to their external and internal characteristics into the following groups: 1) open tashbih (ташбиҳи сареҳ); 2) conditional tashbih (ташбиҳи машрут); 3) tashbih by retreat (ташбиҳи тафзил); 4) inverse tashbih (ташбиҳи акс); 5) hidden tashbih (ташбиҳи музмар); 6) equal tashbih (ташбиҳи тасвият); 7) one-by-one tashbih (ташбиҳи мусалсал); 8) tashbih through sarcasm and gestures (ташбиҳи киноят); 9) tashbih by emphasis (ташбиҳи мўъкад). Research methods.
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Maguire, Patrick D., Lawrence B. Marks, Gregory S. Sibley, James E. Herndon II, Robert W. Clough, Kim L. Light, Maria L. Hernando, Philip A. Antoine, and Mitchell S. Anscher. "73.6 Gy and Beyond: Hyperfractionated, Accelerated Radiotherapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.3.705.
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PURPOSE: To assess results with twice-daily high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1998, 94 patients with unresectable NSCLC were prescribed ≥ 73.6 Gy via accelerated fractionation. Fifty were on a phase II protocol (P group); 44 were similarly treated off-protocol (NP group). The clinical target volume received 45 Gy at 1.25 Gy bid (6-hour interval). The gross target volume received 1.6 Gy bid to 73.6 to 80 Gy over 4.5 to 5 weeks using a concurrent boost technique. Overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Median follow-up durations for surviving P and NP patients were 67 and 16 months, respectively. RESULTS: Total doses received were ≥ 72 Gy in 97% of patients. The median OS by stage was 34, 13, and 12 months for stages I/II, IIIa, and IIIb, respectively. LPFS was significantly longer for patients with T1 lesions (median, 43 months) versus T2-4 (median, 7 to 10 months; P = .01). Results were similar in the P and NP groups. Acute grade ≥ 3 toxicity included esophagus (14 patients; 15%), lung (three patients; 3% [one grade 5]), and skin (four patients; 4%). Grade ≥ 3 late toxicity in 86 assessable patients included esophagus (three patients; 3%), lung (15 patients; 17% [three grade 5]), skin (five patients; 6%), heart (two patients; 2%), and nerve (one patient; 1%). CONCLUSION: This regimen yielded favorable survival results, particularly for T1 lesions. Acute grade ≥ 3 toxicity seems greater than for conventional RT, though most patients recovered. Late grade ≥ 3 pulmonary toxicity occurred in 17%. Because of continued locoregional recurrences, we are currently using doses ≥ 86 Gy.
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Rannels, D. E., H. W. Karl, and R. A. Bennett. "Control of compensatory lung growth by adrenal hormones." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): E343—E348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.4.e343.
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The effects of adrenalectomy and/or in vivo treatment with hydrocortisone acetate (HCA;5 mg X kg-1 X day-1) on lung growth were investigated in control and pneumonectomized rats of 250 g body wt. Left pneumonectomy (day 0) initiated rapid hyperplastic growth of the right lung, which was unaffected by HCA. Similarly, HCA had no effect on lung growth in unoperated control animals. Two weeks after pneumonectomy, right lung dry mass, protein, RNA, and DNA were equal to that in both lungs of unoperated rats. Adrenalectomy 5 days before (day -5) left pneumonectomy increased the rate and extent of right lung growth, but did not change its hyperplastic character. Continuous HCA treatment (days -5 to 14) prevented the adrenalectomy-mediated increase in postpneumonectomy lung growth. "Early" HCA dosing (days -5 to 6) of adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized animals suppressed lung growth to the pneumonectomy level, but from days 7 to 14 growth accelerated to the adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized rate. Conversely, "late" HCA, initiated when adrenalectomized-pneumonectomized animals had restored normal total lung mass (days 6 to 14), quickly reduced right lung growth to rates typical of unoperated controls. The latter effects were not observed unless continuous steroid treatment was provided throughout this interval. The data support a role for glucocorticosteroids in modulation of the accelerated compensatory lung growth initiated by partial resection of the tissue.
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Peter, Barbara, Gregor Eisenwort, Gabriele Stefanzl, Daniela Berger, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Johannes Zuber, and Peter Valent. "Identification of the Epigenetic Reader BRD4 As a Novel Potential Target in Ph+ CML." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1571.1571.
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Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a bone marrow-derived hematopoietic neoplasm in which BCR/ABL1 acts as a major driver of proliferation, differentiation and survival of leukemic cells. In a majority of all patients with CML, leukemic cells can be kept under control by BCR/ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), including imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib. Nevertheless, resistance or intolerance against one or more of these TKI may occur. Therefore, current research is focusing on novel potential drug targets in CML. A promising class of targets may be epigenetic regulators of cell growth, such as members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family. The epigenetic reader and BET family member BRD4 has recently been identified as a novel potential drug target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, so far, little is known about the expression and function of BRD4 in CML cells. The aims of the present study were to determine the expression of BRD4 and its downstream target MYC in CML cells and to explore whether BRD4 can serve as a novel drug target in this disease. As determined by qPCR, primary CML cells (chronic phase patients, n=7) as well as the CML cell lines KU812 and K562 expressed BRD4 mRNA. In addition, both CML cell lines stained positive for BRD4 in our immunocytochemistry staining experiments. In one patient with accelerated phase CML, putative leukemic (CD34+/CD38-) stem cells were sorted to near homogeneity and found to express BRD4 mRNA by qPCR. In order to examine the functional role of BRD4 in CML cells, a BRD4-specific shRNA was applied. In these experiments, the shRNA-induced knockdown of BRD4 in KU812 cells and K562 resulted in reduced growth compared to a control shRNA. Furthermore, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 was found to inhibit 3H-thymidine uptake and thus proliferation in KU812 cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 0.25-0.75 µM). In addition, we were able to show that JQ1 inhibits growth of primary CML cells with variable IC50 values (0.1-5 µM). However, no substantial growth-inhibitory effects of JQ1 were seen in K562 cells (IC50: >5 µM). As determined by Annexin V/PI staining, JQ1 induced apoptosis in KU812 cells whereas no apoptosis-inducing effect of JQ1 was observed in K562 cells. Nevertheless, we were able to show that both CML cell lines as well as primary CML cells express MYC mRNA, and treatment of KU812 cells or K562 cells with JQ1 resulted in a decreased expression of MYC mRNA and MYC protein. Next, we analyzed whether MYC expression in CML cells can be blocked by BCR/ABL1 TKI. We found that imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and ponatinib decrease MYC mRNA- and MYC protein expression in KU812 and K562 cells. Finally, we found that JQ1 cooperates with imatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib and dasatinib in inhibiting the proliferation of KU812 and K562 cells. Together, our data show that BRD4 serves as a potential new target in CML cells, and that the BRD4 blocker JQ1 cooperates with BCR/ABL1 TKI in inducing growth-inhibition. Whether BRD4 inhibition is a pharmacologically meaningful approach in patients with TKI-resistant CML remains to be determined in clinical trials. Disclosures Sperr: Ariad: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Zuber:Mirimus Inc.: Consultancy, Other: Stock holder; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding. Valent:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria.
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Bertino, Joseph R., Strair Roger, Rubin Arnold, Gharibo Mecide, and Schaar Dale. "Accelerated R-COP:A Pilot Study for the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4747.4747.
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Abstract To test the hypothesis that dose intensity/dose density treatment may improve the complete response rate and remission duration in patients with follicular lymphoma (grades I and II, ECOG performance 0–2, Stages III and IV, progressive disease), a combination of known effective agents were administered as follows: rituximab,375 mg/m2; cyclophosphamide, 1000 mg/m2; and vincristine, 2mg (cap), IV every two weeks. Prednisone, 50 mg, was given p.o., every other day for 30 days then tapered over the next 30 days. G- CSF was administered days 7–10 following each treatment. Patients were evaluated for response after 5 and 10 cycles, that included imaging with CT and PET scans. Toxicity was mild to moderate, consisting mainly of paresthesias, requiring attenuation of the vincristine dose in some patients. There were no instances of neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization. In this pilot study, 6 of 7 patients previously untreated achieved a CR, and none have relapsed to date (6+ to 20+ months after completion of treatment). Two heavily treated patients, including relapse from agents used in this regimen, had PRs, lasting 2 and 8+ months. This program is well tolerated with a high CR rate, and may serve as a basis for future trials.
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Chow, Vanissa W. S., Sayantan Biswas, Marco Yu, Victoria W. Y. Wong, and Vishal Jhanji. "Intraoperative Pachymetry Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography during Accelerated Corneal Collagen Crosslinking." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/848363.
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Purpose. To evaluate the role of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) to measure corneal thickness during accelerated corneal crosslinking (CXL).Methods. Intraoperative pachymetry was performed using SDOCT and ultrasound pachymetry (USP) in 6 eyes of 6 patients with keratoconus. Pachymetry readings were obtained at baseline, after epithelium removal and after 30 minutes of riboflavin instillation. SDOCT measurements of eyes with and without lid speculum during riboflavin instillation were compared.Results. There was no statistically significant difference in central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements between SDOCT and USP (P>0.05for all). A significant decrease in both CCT (P=0.031) and the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) (P=0.031) was observed during CXL. There was a greater reduction in CCT (38 ± 6%) with the use of lid speculum as compared to the no-speculum eyes (18 ± 9%) (P=0.100). TCT was also reduced by a greater extent with the use of lid speculum (40 ± 5% versus 26 ± 7%;P=0.100).Conclusion. SDOCT can be successfully used to measure intraoperative corneal pachymetry during corneal CXL. SDOCT measurements demonstrated corneal thinning intraoperatively during CXL, which was further accentuated by the use of a lid speculum during the procedure.
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Altundal, Sahin, Marco Laurenti, Enrique Jose López‐Cabarcos, Jorge Rubio-Retama, and Karlis Agris Gross. "Accelerated Transformation of Brushite Cement into Carbonate Apatite in Biomimetic Solution." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.70.
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Brushite cement has advantages such as fast setting, high reactivity and good injectability over apatitic cements. To induce the bioactivity of brushite cements, the goal was to convert it into a bone-like low crystalline carbonate apatite. To achieve this induced transformation, potassium and magnesium were used as dopants which were claimed to be effective in the literature. The cements were immersed for 2 periods of time: 1 day and 6 weeks in Tas-Simulated-Body-Fluid (Tas-SBF) due to its excellent biomimetic properties with its adjusted HCO3- and Cl- ionic rates according to human-blood-plasma. 5% of potassium (to calcium sites) seemed to be more effective over magnesium modification. The aim of this study is to define an optimal composition in terms of transforming brushite into apatite.
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Fountzilas, George, Athanassios Athanassiadis, Angelos Nikolaou, Anna Kalogera-Fountzila, John Tzitzikas, Epaminontas Samantas, Dimosthenis Skarlos, Nicolaos Zamboglou, and John Daniilidis. "Accelerated Bifractionated Radiation with Concurrent Cisplatin Administration in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Feasibility Study." Tumori Journal 83, no. 4 (July 1997): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300404.
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Aims and Background To test the feasibility of accelerated interrupted twice-daily radiation and concurrent cisplatin administration in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods Nineteen patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer were treated with accelerated bifractionated radiation with concurrent administration of cisplatin. There were 18 men and 1 female with a median age of 60 years (range, 17–71) and median performance status of 90 (-range, 80–100). Sixteen patients (85%) presented with stage IV disease. Primary site included the nasopharynx (n = 7), oropharynx (n = 5), hypopharynx (n = 1) and larynx (n = 6). Radiation consisted of two fractions of 1.6 Gy each daily, five times weekly to a total dose of 64 Gy. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on days 2 and 28 of the treatment period. Results Nine patients achieved a complete response (47%; 95% CI, 25%–70%) and 5 a partial response (26%; 95% CI, 7%–46%). Grade III–IV toxicity included leukopenia (16%), mucositis (26%), dry mouth (5%), weight loss (16%) and infection (5%). After a median follow-up of 27.11 months (range, 1–33+), 9 patients have died. Median time to progression was 11 months (range, 1–32+) and median survival 25 months (range, 1–32+). Conclusions Accelerated twice-daily radiation with concurrent cisplatin is effective in locally advanced head and neck cancer and can be safely given with manageable toxicity.
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Chakraborty, Samhita, Todd W. Bauer, Monica M. Morris, Erin Yarde, J. Thomas Parsons, Reid B. Adams, and Hanna Kelly Sanoff. "Accelerated fraction radiotherapy with concomitant capecitabine as neoadjuvant therapy of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.329.
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329 Background: Surgical therapy remains the only curative modality for pancreatic cancer, though survival remains quite poor even for patients with resected early stage disease. Better (neo) adjuvant therapies are needed to improve resectability rates for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and to prevent recurrence following resection. We undertook this pilot study to determine the safety of accelerated fraction radiotherapy (AFRT) with capecitabine in such patients. Methods: Eligible patients have histologically confirmed borderline resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas as defined by the MD Anderson categories of vascular involvement, indeterminate metastatic disease, borderline performance status; normal organ function; and no prior therapy for pancreatic cancer. Radiation is given as external beam radiation therapy to a dose of 50 Gy delivered in 20, 2.5 Gy fractions Mon-Fri using IMRT. If insurance denied IMRT, 3D conformal techniques with daily image guidance is permitted. Capecitabine is delivered as 825mg/m2 BID on radiation days. The primary outcome is to determine the frequency of treatment-related adverse events (AE). Planned enrollment is 40 pts. Results: 10 pts have enrolled to date. 8/10 received IMRT. This regimen has been exceedingly tolerable. Lymphopenia is the most common AE (n=10), grade 3-4 n=6. Other common toxicities were hyponatremia (n=6), fatigue (n=5). Grade 3 AE occurred in 8 pts, grade 4 in 3 patients. One pt had hemorrhage from a radiation induced gastric ulcer complicated by an MI. 5/10 pts had stable disease and were resected and 4/5 had an R0 resection. In the remaining 5/10 patients, disease progressed outside the pancreas and they are receiving palliative therapy. Conclusions: The combination of AFRT and capecitabine was well tolerated. Xenograft models derived from these patients’ tumors are being used to study molecular mechanisms of treatment resistance that could be targeted in a follow up phase II study building on this platform.
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Goodaire, E. G., E. Jespers, and M. M. Parmenter. "Determining Units in Some Integral Group Rings." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 33, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1990-038-8.
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In this brief note, we will show how in principle to find all units in the integral group ring ZG, whenever G is a finite group such that and Z(G) each have exponent 2, 3, 4 or 6. Special cases include the dihedral group of order 8, whose units were previously computed by Polcino Milies [5], and the group discussed by Ritter and Sehgal [6]. Other examples of noncommutative integral group rings whose units have been computed include , but in general very little progress has been made in this direction. For basic information on units in group rings, the reader is referred to Sehgal [7].
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Савинов, Алексей Андреевич. "Review of: Il Tempo che resta. Un commento alla Lettera ai Romani. Translated from Italian by S. Ermakov, Moscow: New literary review, 2018 (Intellectual History). 224 p. ISBN 978-5-4448-0740-8." Библия и христианская древность, no. 4(8) (December 25, 2020): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bca.2020.8.4.015.
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Наконец, книга итальянского философа Джорджо Агамбена «Оставшееся время. Комментарий к “Посланию к римлянам”», вышедшая в Италии в июне 2000 г., доступна русскому читателю в полном объёме в переводе Сергея Ермакова. В 2000 г. Сергеем Козловым был осуществлен первый перевод на русский язык нескольких глав книги, которые были опубликованы с его предисловием в 6 (46) номере «Нового литературного обозрения». Рецензируемая книга, а также такие работы как «Человек без содержания», «Грядущее сообщество», «Открытое. Человек и животное», «Царство и слава» и целый ряд статей, выходивших в разных изданиях, были написаны в период работы Агамбена над трилогией «Homo sacer», которая также уже известна русскому читателю. Finally, Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben's book "The Remains of Time. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans", published in Italy in June 2000, is available to the Russian reader in its entirety in a translation by Sergei Yermakov. In 2000, the book was translated by Sergei Kozlov and became available to Russian readers in its entirety. Sergei Kozlov made the first translation into Russian of several chapters, which were published with his preface in the 6 (46) issue of the "New Literary Review". The book under review, as well as such works as "Man Without Content", "The Coming Community", "Open. Man and the Animal", "Kingdom and Glory" and a number of articles published in various editions, were written during the period of Agamben's work on the trilogy "Homo sacer", which is also already known to the Russian reader.
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Santoni, Rosa L., Jeb S. Tingle, and Miguel Nieves. "Accelerated Strength Improvement of Silty Sand with Nontraditional Additives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600105.
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A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two products used to accelerate strength improvement of a silty sand (SM) material stabilized with nontraditional stabilizers. SM soil samples were mixed with selected products and tested under both “wet” and dry conditions after 1- and 7-day cures. Nine nontraditional stabilizers, including lignosulfonates, polymers, silicates, and tree resins, were evaluated in this experiment. Two accelerator products, an acrylic polymer and Type I portland cement, were evaluated. Samples were also stabilized with either an asphalt emulsion or cement to provide a comparison for traditional stabilizers under the same conditions. The average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of three replicates of each mixture was compared with the results of the remaining mixtures, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of untreated control samples. The results indicate increased UCS of samples stabilized with Silicate 1 and Polymer 3 compared with both the untreated control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Lignosulfonate 1; Polymers 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6; and Tree Resin 1 did not demonstrate significant increased strength over the control series for the conditions of this experiment. The UCS following the 7-day cure provided the maximum UCS of the samples evaluated in both wet and dry conditions. One accelerator, cement, in combination with a nontraditional stabilizer did show significant improvement in early strength gain when compared to the control series.
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Wolden, Suzanne L., Michael J. Zelefsky, Dennis H. Kraus, Kenneth E. Rosenzweig, Lanceford M. Chong, Ashok R. Shaha, Haige Zhang, Louis B. Harrison, Jatin P. Shah, and David G. Pfister. "Accelerated Concomitant Boost Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.4.1105.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of concomitant boost radiotherapy (RT) plus cisplatin-based chemotherapy compared with standard fractionation RT for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 through 1999, 50 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with 70-Gy concomitant boost RT (1.8 Gy/d, weeks 1 through 6; 1.6 Gy second daily fraction, weeks 5 through 6) and two cycles of concurrent cisplatin 100 mg/m2 days 1 and 22. Thirty-seven patients also received three cycles of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. These 50 patients were compared with a nonrandomized cohort of 51 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with 70-Gy standard fractionation RT (1.8 Gy/d) without chemotherapy from 1988 through 1995. The groups were well matched for prognostic factors except stage, for which the concomitant boost RT/chemotherapy group was more advanced (54%, T3-4; 54%, N2-3; 44%, stage IV) compared with the standard RT group (31%, T3-4, P = .03; 22%, N2-3, P < .001; 20%, stage IV, P < .01). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 42 months (range, 12 to 129 months), the 3-year actuarial local control, progression-free survival, and survival rates were 89% v 74% (P < .01), 66% v 54% (P = .01), and 84% v 71% (P = .04) for the concomitant boost RT/chemotherapy group and the standard RT patients, respectively. Acute grade 3 mucositis was more prevalent with combined therapy, 84% v 43% (P < .001), resulting in a higher rate of temporary gastrostomy tube placement, 46% v 20% (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Concomitant boost RT with cisplatin-based chemotherapy is feasible and improves local-regional control as well as survival for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer compared with standard RT alone.