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Journal articles on the topic 'Acceleraton of particles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nishida, Yasushi. "Electron linear accelerator based on cross field acceleration principle." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 3 (1989): 561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007540.

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Powerful lasers have the potential to be used for power sources of the high energy particle accelerators. However, we have to convert the transverse wave into a longitudinal one which can trap the charged particles in the wave trough to accelerate them. In order to obtain a high field-gradient in an accelerator, several new concepts have been proposed. One of them is a beat wave accelerator (BWA) which uses a nonlinear optical mixing of two laser beams. Another concept is a Cross Field Acceleration (or a Vp × B acceleration) scheme, in which the trapped particles in the wave trough are acceler

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Comisso, Luca, Glennys R. Farrar, and Marco S. Muzio. "Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Accelerated by Magnetically Dominated Turbulence." Astrophysical Journal Letters 977, no. 1 (2024): L18. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad955f.

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Abstract Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), particles characterized by energies exceeding 1018 eV, are generally believed to be accelerated electromagnetically in high-energy astrophysical sources. One promising mechanism of UHECR acceleration is magnetized turbulence. We demonstrate from first principles, using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, that magnetically dominated turbulence accelerates particles on a short timescale, producing a power-law energy distribution with a rigidity-dependent, sharply defined cutoff well approximated by the form f cut E , E cut = sech ( E / E c

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3

Guidoni, S. E., J. T. Karpen, and C. R. DeVore. "Spectral Power-law Formation by Sequential Particle Acceleration in Multiple Flare Magnetic Islands." Astrophysical Journal 925, no. 2 (2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac39a5.

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Abstract We present a first-principles model of pitch-angle and energy distribution function evolution as particles are sequentially accelerated by multiple flare magnetic islands. Data from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of an eruptive flare/coronal mass ejection provide ambient conditions for the evolving particle distributions. Magnetic islands, which are created by sporadic reconnection at the self-consistently formed flare current sheet, contract and accelerate the particles. The particle distributions are evolved using rules derived in our previous work. In this investigation, we

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Barač, Rocco, and Toni Šćulac. "Development of a simple algorithm for linear accelerator construction and simulation." St open 4 (August 31, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.4.13.

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Aim: To develop a simple algorithm that accurately constructs and simulates an Alvarez-type linear accelerator given the initial conditions and number of accelerator parts.Methods: We wrote the algorithm in Python, a programming language with numerous useful math and science libraries, and the ability to use classes and objects. The particles were accelerated in electric fields (which we assumed to be constant within each cavity at any given moment) to allow for a comparison of numerical results with an analytic expression. No magnetic fields were present in the simulations used in this articl

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Hogan, Mark J. "Electron and Positron Beam–Driven Plasma Acceleration." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 09 (January 2016): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626816300036.

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Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe and to explore the building blocks of life. But it takes huge accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider or the two-mile-long SLAC linac, to generate beams with enough energy and resolving power. If we could achieve the same thing with accelerators just a few meters long, accelerators and particle colliders could be much smaller and cheaper. Since the first theoretical work in

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Lemery, F., K. Floettmann, R. Assmann, P. Piot, and F. X. Kaerntner. "An Adiabatic Phase-Matching Accelerator." Physical Review Accelrators and Beams 21, no. 5 (2017): 051302. https://doi.org/10.3204/PUBDB-2018-02172.

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We present a general concept to accelerate non-relativistic charged particles. Our concept employs an adiabatically-tapered dielectric-lined waveguide which supports accelerating phase velocities for synchronous acceleration. We propose an ansatz for the transient field equations, show it satis- fies Maxwell’s equations under an adiabatic approximation and find excellent agreement with a finite-difference time-domain computer simulation. The fields were implemented into the particle- tracking program astra and we present beam dynamics results for an accelerating field with a 1-mm-wavelen

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Ogata, Atsushi, and Kazuhisa Nakajima. "Recent progress and perspectives of laser–plasma accelerators." Laser and Particle Beams 16, no. 2 (1998): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011654.

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Recent progress in laser-plasma accelerators has matured a concept of particle acceleration as a possible next-generation particle accelerator promising ultrahigh accelerating gradients in a compact size. Four major concepts of laser-plasma accelerators—the plasma beat wave accelerator, the laser wakefield accelerator, the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator, and the plasma wakefield accelerator—are reviewed on accelerator physics issues and experiments demonstrating the basic mechanisms of their concepts. As a perspective to the future practical application, a design of 5-TeV linear co

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Kalmykov, S., O. Polomarov, D. Korobkin, J. Otwinowski, J. Power, and G. Shvets. "Novel techniques of laser acceleration: from structures to plasmas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (2006): 725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1734.

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Compact accelerators of the future will require enormous accelerating gradients that can only be generated using high power laser beams. Two novel techniques of laser particle acceleration are discussed. The first scheme is based on a solid-state accelerating structure powered by a short pulse CO 2 laser. The planar structure consists of two SiC films, separated by a vacuum gap, grown on Si wafers. Particle acceleration takes place inside the gap by a surface electromagnetic wave excited at the vacuum/SiC interface. Laser coupling is accomplished through the properly designed Si grating. This

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Fang, Jun, Qi Xia, Shiting Tian, Liancheng Zhou, and Huan Yu. "Kinetic simulation of electron, proton and helium acceleration in a non-relativistic quasi-parallel shock." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 4 (2022): 5418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac886.

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ABSTRACT In addition to accelerating electrons and protons, non-relativistic quasi-parallel shocks are expected to possess the ability to accelerate heavy ions. The shocks in supernova remnants are generally supposed to be accelerators of Galactic cosmic rays, which consist of many species of particles. We investigate the diffusive shock acceleration of electrons, protons and helium ions in a non-relativistic quasi-parallel shock through a 1D particle-in-cell simulation with a helium-to-proton number density ratio of 0.1, which is relevant for Galactic cosmic rays. The simulation indicates tha

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Shikha Pandey, Ananya Singh, and Arshad Kamal. "Nanophotonic electron accelerator: A review of particle accelerator technology." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 14, no. 1 (2025): 1905–10. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.14.1.0209.

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Particle accelerators are indispensable tools in various industries, spanning a wide range of research fields such as nuclear and particle physics. They are particularly valuable in the medical sector for applications like medical imaging, radiotherapy and tumor treatment. Currently, the largest and most powerful particle accelerator is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, a 27-kilometer-long ring-shaped tunnel that accelerates particles, such as protons, to near-light speeds and collides them. While the LHC represents the pinnacle of accelerator technology, there is significant interest i

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Zuo, Zizheng. "Research on the Basic Principle and Technical Development of the Large Hadron Collider." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/eyzemn72.

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LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is a kind of high-energy physics experimental equipment, which consists of a series of superconducting magnets, accelerators and other equipment. It can accelerate charged particles to near the speed of light, and generate and detect new particles in high-energy collisions. This paper introduces the basic principle and technical development research of LHC. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic function and operation mechanism of LHC, focusing on how to accelerate particles to near the speed of light through two stages of linear accelerator and ring accelerator,

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Sow Mondal, Shanwlee, Aveek Sarkar, Bhargav Vaidya, and Andrea Mignone. "Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles by the Shock of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 1 (2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c7a.

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Abstract Interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) shocks are known to accelerate particles and contribute significantly to solar energetic particle events. We have performed magnetohydrodynamic-particle in cell simulations of ICME shocks to understand the acceleration mechanism. These shocks vary in Alfvénic Mach numbers as well as in magnetic field orientations (parallel and quasi-perpendicular). We find that diffusive shock acceleration plays a significant role in accelerating particles in a parallel ICME shock. In contrast, shock drift acceleration (SDA) plays a pivotal role in a quasi-p

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Kocharov, L. G., G. A. Kovaltsov, G. E. Kocharov, et al. "Electromagnetic and corpuscular emission from the solar flare of 1991 June 15: Continuous acceleraton of relativistic particles." Solar Physics 150, no. 1-2 (1994): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00712889.

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Konstantinov, Stanislav. "Linear acceleration of protons on a backward wave (Bogomolov’s accelerator)." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 6, no. 3 (2022): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2022.06.00261.

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The article proposes to consider fundamentally new way of accelerating charged particles: linear acceleration (LA) of protons on a backward wave (Professor Bogomolov's Accelerator). The article discusses the advantages and scope of the new accelerator. The European Strategic Group (ESG) is considering fundamentally new projects to create more efficient and less expensive accelerators and colliders for research.

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Xinghong, Wang. "A STUDY ON WHY PARTICLES CANNOT BE ACCELERATED TO THE SPEED OF LIGHT." Indo American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Review (IAJMRR) 5, no. 1 (2021): 36–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4781247.

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This article discusses 2 explanations as to why particles can never to accelerate to the speed of light or to be faster than the speed of light. Normally, people believe that particles can never be accelerated to the speed of light because when the speeds of particles increase, although the accelerating force remains the same, its mass (momentum/energy) will increase so dramatically according to special relativity that the force exerted on the particles will have a very small effect on the acceleration. But there is another explanation. That is, particles cannot be accelerated to be faster tha

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Diesing, Rebecca. "The Maximum Energy of Shock-accelerated Cosmic Rays." Astrophysical Journal 958, no. 1 (2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad00b1.

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Abstract Identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic ray (CR) protons with energies up to a few PeV (1015 eV) remains a theoretical and observational challenge. Supernova remnants (SNRs) represent strong candidates because they provide sufficient energetics to reproduce the CR flux observed at Earth. However, it remains unclear whether they can accelerate particles to PeV energies, particularly after the very early stages of their evolution. This uncertainty has prompted searches for other source classes and necessitates comprehensive theoretical modeling of the maximum proton energy, E ma

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D’Arcy, R., J. Chappell, J. Beinortaite, et al. "Recovery time of a plasma-wakefield accelerator." Nature 603, no. 7899 (2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04348-8.

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AbstractThe interaction of intense particle bunches with plasma can give rise to plasma wakes1,2 capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-metre electric fields3,4, which are orders of magnitude higher than provided by state-of-the-art radio-frequency technology5. Plasma wakefields can, therefore, strongly accelerate charged particles and offer the opportunity to reach higher particle energies with smaller and hence more widely available accelerator facilities. However, the luminosity and brilliance demands of high-energy physics and photon science require particle bunches to be accelerated at repeti

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Marle, Allard Jan van, Artem Bohdan, Anabella Araudo, Fabien Casse, and Alexandre Marcowith. "Diffusive shock acceleration in relativistic, oblique shocks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2742, no. 1 (2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2742/1/012008.

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Abstract Cosmic rays are charged particles that are accelerated to relativistic speeds by astrophysical shocks. Numerical models have been successful in confirming the acceleration process for (quasi-)parallel shocks, which have the magnetic field aligned with the direction of the shock motion. However, the process is less clear when it comes to (quasi-)perpendicular shocks, where the field makes a large angle with the shock-normal. For such shocks, the angle between the magnetic field and flow ensures that only highly energetic particles can travel upstream at all, reducing the upstream curre

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Papini, Giorgio. "Maximal acceleration and radiative processes." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 31 (2015): 1550166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501667.

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We derive the radiation characteristics of an accelerated, charged particle in a model due to Caianiello in which the proper acceleration of a particle of mass [Formula: see text] has the upper limit [Formula: see text]. We find two power laws, one applicable to lower accelerations, the other more suitable for accelerations closer to [Formula: see text] and to the related physical singularity in the Ricci scalar. Geometrical constraints and power spectra are also discussed. By comparing the power laws due to the maximal acceleration (MA) with that for particles in gravitational fields, we find

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20

Lin, R. P. "Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 195 (2000): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900162746.

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The Sun accelerates ions up to tens of GeV and electrons up to 100s of MeV in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The energy in the accelerated tens-of-keV electrons and possibly ~1 MeV ions constitutes a significant fraction of the total energy released in a flare, implying that the particle acceleration and flare energy release mechanisms are intimately related. The total rate of energy release in transients from flares down to microflares/nanoflares may be significant for heating the active solar corona.Shock waves driven by fast CMEs appear to accelerate the high-energy particles in l

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Dröge, Wolfgang. "Particle Acceleration by Waves and Fields." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018967.

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The acceleration of electrons and charged nuclei to high energies is a phenomenon occuring at many sites throughout the universe, including the galaxy, pulsars, quasars, and around black holes. In the heliosphere, large solar flares and the often associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic natural particle accelerators, occasionally accelerating protons to GeV and electrons to tens of MeV energies. The observation of these particles offers the unique opportunity to study fundamental processes in astrophysics. Particles that escape into interplanetary space can be observed i

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Bingham, Robert. "Basic concepts in plasma accelerators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (2006): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1722.

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In this article, we present the underlying physics and the present status of high gradient and high-energy plasma accelerators. With the development of compact short pulse high-brightness lasers and electron and positron beams, new areas of studies for laser/particle beam–matter interactions is opening up. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high-acceleration gradients. These include the plasma beat wave accelerator (PBWA) mechanism which uses conventional long pulse (∼100 ps) modest intensity lasers ( I ∼10 14 –10 16 W cm −2 ), the laser wakefield accelerator (LW

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Cerutti, Benoît, and Gwenael Giacinti. "A global model of particle acceleration at pulsar wind termination shocks." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038883.

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Context. Pulsar wind nebulae are efficient particle accelerators, and yet the processes at work remain elusive. Self-generated, microturbulence is too weak in relativistic magnetized shocks to accelerate particles over a wide energy range, suggesting that the global dynamics of the nebula may be involved in the acceleration process instead. Aims. In this work, we study the role played by the large-scale anisotropy of the transverse magnetic field profile on the shock dynamics. Methods. We performed large two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations for a wide range of upstream plasma magnetiza

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Lazarian, A., G. Kowal, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and E. Vishniac. "Particle acceleration in fast magnetic reconnection." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S274 (2010): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311006582.

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AbstractOur numerical simulations show that the reconnection of magnetic field becomes fast in the presence of weak turbulence in the way consistent with the Lazarian & Vishniac (1999) model of fast reconnection. This process in not only important for understanding of the origin and evolution of the large-scale magnetic field, but is seen as a possibly efficient particle accelerator producing cosmic rays through the first order Fermi process. In this work we study the properties of particle acceleration in the reconnection zones in our numerical simulations and show that the particles can

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Ren, Fu Shen, Ruo Xu Ma, and Xiao Ze Cheng. "Simulation of Particle Impact Drilling Nozzles Based on FLUENT." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.475.

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The purpose of particles impact drilling is to increase the rate of penetration when drilling extra-hard and strong-abrasive rocks, where supposed to be time-consuming and costly. Now the technology becomes the world’s most potential drilling technology for deep wells and ultra-deep well. The most important part of the drilling technology is the nozzle which accelerate the particles. The paper introduces the basic four types of the nozzles, and researches the acceleration effect of nozzles based on FLUENT. By concluding the simulation, put up a new structure of nozzle, and simulates the accele

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Sapra, Neil V., Ki Youl Yang, Dries Vercruysse, et al. "On-chip integrated laser-driven particle accelerator." Science 367, no. 6473 (2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5734.

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Particle accelerators represent an indispensable tool in science and industry. However, the size and cost of conventional radio-frequency accelerators limit the utility and reach of this technology. Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) provide a compact and cost-effective solution to this problem by driving accelerator nanostructures with visible or near-infrared pulsed lasers, resulting in a 104 reduction of scale. Current implementations of DLAs rely on free-space lasers directly incident on the accelerating structures, limiting the scalability and integrability of this technology. We presen

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Куцаев, С. В., Н. В. Аврелин, А. Н. Аврелин та ін. "Прототип протонного ондуляторного линейного ускорителя". Письма в журнал технической физики 47, № 15 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.15.51234.18777.

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One of the ways to realize undulator acceleration is to ensure particles motion in a magnetostatic undulator, where spatial oscillations of particles in the transverse direction are synchronized with temporal oscillations of transverse high-frequency field, which allows its energy transfer to the accelerated particles. The resonators, tcapable to provide a uniform transverse field, are structurally simpler than resonators with a periodically variable longitudinal field, which makes undulator accelerators an attractive alternative to coventional accelerators.Although the physics of such acceler

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BINGHAM, R., R. A. CAIRNS, and J. T. MENDONÇA. "Particle acceleration in plasmas by perpendicularly propagating waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 4 (2000): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008722.

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The acceleration of particles to high energy by relativistic plasma waves has received a great deal of attention lately. Most of the particle-acceleration schemes using relativistic plasma waves rely either on intense terawatt or petawatt lasers or on electron beams as the driver of the acceleration wave. These laboratory experiments have attained accelerating fields as high as 1 GeV cm−1 with the electrons being accelerated to about 100 MeV in millimetre distances. In space and astrophysical plasmas, relativistic plasma waves can also be important for acceleration. A process that is common to

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Zhang, Chuang, and Shouxian Fang. "Particle Accelerators in China." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 09 (January 2016): 265–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626816300127.

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As the special machines that can accelerate charged particle beams to high energy by using electromagnetic fields, particle accelerators have been widely applied in scientific research and various areas of society. The development of particle accelerators in China started in the early 1950s. After a brief review of the history of accelerators, this article describes in the following sections: particle colliders, heavy-ion accelerators, high-intensity proton accelerators, accelerator-based light sources, pulsed power accelerators, small scale accelerators, accelerators for applications, acceler

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Lu, Yingchao, Fan Guo, Patrick Kilian, Hui Li, Chengkun Huang, and Edison Liang. "Studying particle acceleration from driven magnetic reconnection at the termination shock of a relativistic striped wind using particle-in-cell simulations." EPJ Web of Conferences 235 (2020): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023507003.

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A rotating pulsar creates a surrounding pulsar wind nebula (PWN) by steadily releasing an energetic wind into the interior of the expanding shockwave of supernova remnant or interstellar medium. At the termination shock of a PWN, the Poynting-flux- dominated relativistic striped wind is compressed. Magnetic reconnection is driven by the compression and converts magnetic energy into particle kinetic energy and accelerating particles to high energies. We carrying out particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the shock structure as well as the energy conversion and particle acceleration mechani

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Arjmand, S., M. P. Anania, A. Biagioni, et al. "Shot-by-shot stability of the discharge produced plasmas in suitably shaped capillaries." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 04 (2023): C04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/c04016.

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Abstract Compact accelerator machines are capable of producing accelerating gradients in the GV/m scale, which is significantly higher than the MV/m scale of conventional machines. As accelerators are widely used in many fields, such as industrial, research institutes, and medical applications, the development of these machines will undoubtedly have a profound impact on people's daily lives. SPARC_LAB, a test facility at INFN-LNF (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati), is focused on enhancing particle accelerator research infrastructure using innovative plasma acceleration concepts. Within SPARC_L

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Strauss, R. D., N. Dresing, I. G. Richardson, J. P. van den Berg, and P. J. Steyn. "On the Onset Delays of Solar Energetic Electrons and Protons: Evidence for a Common Accelerator." Astrophysical Journal 951, no. 1 (2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3ef.

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Abstract The processes responsible for the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still not well understood, including whether SEP electrons and protons are accelerated by common or separate processes. Using a numerical particle transport model that includes both pitch-angle and perpendicular spatial diffusion, we simulate, among other quantities, the onset delay for MeV electrons and protons and compare the results to observations of SEPs from widely separated spacecraft. Such observations have previously been interpreted, in a simple scenario assuming no perpendicular diffusion

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Ebisuzaki, T., and T. Tajima. "Wakefield acceleration towards ZeV from a black hole emanating astrophysical jets." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 34 (2019): 1943018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19430188.

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We consider that electromagnetic pulses produced in the jets of this innermost part of the accretion disk accelerate charged particles (protons, ions, electrons) to very high energies via wakefield acceleration, including energies above 10[Formula: see text] eV for the case of protons and nucleus and 10[Formula: see text] eV for electrons by electromagnetic wave-particle interaction. Thereby, the wakefield acceleration mechanism supplements the pervasive Fermi’s stochastic acceleration mechanism (and overcomes its difficulties in the highest energy cosmic ray generation). The episodic eruptive

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Fuchs, M., G. Andonian, O. Apsimon, et al. "Plasma-based particle sources." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 01 (2024): T01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/01/t01004.

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Abstract High-brightness particle beams generated by advanced accelerator concepts have the potential to become an essential part of future accelerator technology. In particular, high-gradient accelerators can generate and rapidly accelerate particle beams to relativistic energies. The rapid acceleration and strong confining fields can minimize irreversible detrimental effects to the beam brightness that occur at low beam energies, such as emittance growth or pulse elongation caused by space charge forces. Due to the high accelerating gradients, these novel accelerators are also significantly

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Kawata, Shigeo, Masami Matsumoto, and Yukio Masubuchi. "Numerical simulation for particle acceleration and trapping by an electromagnetic wave." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 2 (1989): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006030.

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The interaction between particles and an electromagnetic (EM) wave is investigated numerically in the system of particle Vp × B acceleration by the EM wave. Numerical simulations show that the particle acceleration mechanism works well in the case of the appropriate number density of the imposed particles. When the interaction between particles and the wave is too strong, a part of the trapped and accelerated particles is detrapped. A condition is also presented for the efficient particle acceleration and trapping by the EM wave.

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Bingham, R. "Particle acceleration by electromagnetic waves." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1871 (2008): 1749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2183.

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We consider the symmetry in the interaction of photons and electrons, which has led to a common description of electron and photon accelerations; effects such as photon Landau damping arise naturally from such a treatment. Intense electromagnetic waves can act as a photon mirror to charged particles. The subsequent acceleration is equivalent to the photon pulse accelerating electrons. During the interaction or reflection process, the charged particle can emit bursts of radiation similar to the radiation emitted from the particles during wave breaking of plasma waves.

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Bosco, Fabio, Gerard Andonian, Obed Camacho, et al. "Manipulation and Wakefield Effects on Multi-Pulse Driver Beams in PWFA Injector Stages." Instruments 8, no. 1 (2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments8010012.

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Particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) exploits the intense wakefields excited in a plasma by a high-brightness driver beam in order to accelerate a trailing, properly delayed witness electron beam. Such a configuration offers notable advantages in achieving very large accelerating gradients that are suitable for applications in particle colliders and photon production. Moreover, the amplitude of the accelerating fields can be enhanced by resonantly exciting the plasma using a multi-pulse driver beam with a proper time structure. Before the injection into the plasma stage, the pu

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Tolasa, Diriba. "The Future of High-Energy Physics: Innovations in Accelerator Design and Functionality." International Journal of High Energy Physics 11, no. 1 (2025): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20251101.15.

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The field of high-energy physics has undergone significant transformations over the past few decades, driven by groundbreaking innovations in accelerator design and functionality. This paper explores the future of high-energy physics through the lens of advanced accelerator technologies, emphasizing their critical role in expanding our understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern the universe. As the quest for knowledge pushes the boundaries of current experimental capabilities, novel accelerator concepts such as plasma wake field acceleration, superconducting radio freque

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Caporaso, George J., Yu-Jiuan Chen, and Stephen E. Sampayan. "The Dielectric Wall Accelerator." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 02, no. 01 (2009): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626809000235.

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Dielectric wall accelerators, a class of induction accelerators, employ a novel insulating beam tube to impress a longitudinal electric field on a bunch of charged particles. The surface flashover characteristics of this tube may permit the attainment of accelerating gradients on the order of 100 MV/m for accelerating pulses on the order of a nanosecond in duration. A virtual traveling wave of excitation along the tube is produced at any desired speed by controlling the timing of pulse-generating modules that supply a tangential electric field to the tube wall. Because of the ability to contro

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Coutrakon, George B. "Accelerators for Heavy-charged-particle Radiation Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 6, no. 4_suppl (2007): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330346070060s408.

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This paper focuses on current and future designs of medical hadron accelerators for treating cancers and other diseases. Presently, five vendors and several national laboratories have produced heavy-particle medical accelerators for accelerating nuclei from hydrogen (protons) up through carbon and oxygen. Particle energies are varied to control the beam penetration depth in the patient. As of the end of 2006, four hospitals and one clinic in the United States offer proton treatments; there are five more such facilities in Japan. In most cases, these facilities use accelerators designed explici

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Zhang, Dong, Pavel Kroupa, Jan Pflamm-Altenburg, and Manfred Schmid. "The Possible Emergence of an Attractive Inverse-Square Law from the Wave-Nature of Particles." Advances in High Energy Physics 2022 (December 20, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2907762.

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A model of a particle in finite space is developed and the properties that the particle may possess under this model are studied. The possibility that particles attract each other due to their own wave nature is discussed. The assumption that the particles are spatially confined oscillations (SCO) in the medium is used. The relation between the SCO and the refractive index of the medium in the idealized universe is derived. Due to the plane wave constituents of SCOs, the presence of a refractive index field with a nonzero gradient causes the SCO to accelerate. The SCO locally changes the refra

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Kimura, Shigeo S., Kengo Tomida, and Kohta Murase. "Acceleration and escape processes of high-energy particles in turbulence inside hot accretion flows." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485, no. 1 (2019): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz329.

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Abstract We investigate acceleration and propagation processes of high-energy particles inside hot accretion flows. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) creates turbulence inside accretion flows, which triggers magnetic reconnection and may produce non-thermal particles. They can be further accelerated stochastically by the turbulence. To probe the properties of such relativistic particles, we perform magnetohydrodynamic simulations to obtain the turbulent fields generated by the MRI, and calculate orbits of the high-energy particles using snapshot data of the MRI turbulence. We find that t

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Xia, Q., and V. Zharkova. "Particle acceleration in coalescent and squashed magnetic islands." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936420.

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Aims. Particles are known to have efficient acceleration in reconnecting current sheets with multiple magnetic islands that are formed during a reconnection process. Using the test-particle approach, the recent investigation of particle dynamics in 3D magnetic islands, or current sheets with multiple X- and O-null points revealed that the particle energy gains are higher in squashed magnetic islands than in coalescent ones. However, this approach did not factor in the ambient plasma feedback to the presence of accelerated particles, which affects their distributions within the acceleration reg

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Morikawa, Kanji, Yutaka Ohira, and Takumi Ohmura. "Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Field Amplification by Relativistic Shocks in Inhomogeneous Media." Astrophysical Journal Letters 969, no. 1 (2024): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad50a2.

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Abstract Particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in relativistic shocks propagating in inhomogeneous media are investigated by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations and test-particle simulations. The MHD simulations show that the interaction between the relativistic shock and dense clumps amplifies the downstream magnetic field to the value expected from observations of the gamma-ray burst. The test-particle simulations in the electromagnetic field given by the MHD simulation show that particles are accelerated by the downstream turbulence and the relativisti

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Iwamoto, Masanori, Takanobu Amano, Yosuke Matsumoto, Shuichi Matsukiyo, and Masahiro Hoshino. "Particle Acceleration by Pickup Process Upstream of Relativistic Shocks." Astrophysical Journal 924, no. 2 (2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac38aa.

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Abstract Particle acceleration at magnetized purely perpendicular relativistic shocks in electron–ion plasmas is studied by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Magnetized shocks with the upstream bulk Lorentz factor γ 1 ≫ 1 are known to emit intense electromagnetic waves from the shock front, which induce electrostatic plasma waves (wakefield) and transverse filamentary structures in the upstream region via stimulated/induced Raman scattering and filamentation instability, respectively. The wakefield and filaments inject a fraction of the incoming particles into a particle a

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Mehlhaff, John M., Muni Zhou, and Vladimir Zhdankin. "Radiative Relativistic Turbulence as an In Situ Pair-plasma Source in Blazar Jets." Astrophysical Journal 987, no. 2 (2025): 159. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addb47.

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Abstract As powerful gamma-ray engines, blazars—relativistic plasma jets launched toward Earth from active galactic nuclei—are manifestly high-energy particle accelerators. Yet, exactly how these jets accelerate particles as well as what they are made of both remain largely mysterious. In this work, we argue that these issues may be linked through the gamma-ray emission for which blazars are renowned. Namely, high-energy photons produced at sites of intense particle acceleration could be absorbed by soft radiation within the jet, enriching it with electron–positron pairs. We explore this possi

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Tanaka, Shuta J. "On the Radio Emitting Particles of the Crab Nebula: Stochastic Acceleration Model." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S337 (2017): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317008754.

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AbstractThe standard shock acceleration model of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) does not account for the hard spectrum in radio wavelengths. The origin of the radio-emitting particles is also important to determine the pair production efficiency in the pulsar magnetosphere. Here, we propose a possible resolution for the particle energy distribution in PWNe; the radio-emitting particles are not accelerated at the pulsar wind termination shock but are stochastically accelerated by turbulence inside PWNe. We upgrade our past one-zone spectral evolution model including the energy diffusion, i.e., the

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Liang, Shi-Min, Jian-Fu Zhang, Na-Na Gao, and Hua-Ping Xiao. "Magnetic-reconnection-driven Turbulence and Turbulent Reconnection Acceleration." Astrophysical Journal 952, no. 2 (2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdc18.

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Abstract This paper employs an MHD-PIC method to perform numerical simulations of magnetic-reconnection-driven turbulence and turbulent reconnection acceleration of particles. Focusing on the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection, the properties of self-driven turbulence, and the behavior of particle acceleration, we find the following: (1) When reaching a statistically steady state of the self-driven turbulence, the magnetic energy is almost released by 50%, while the kinetic energy of the fluid increases by no more than 15%. (2) The properties of reconnection-driven turbulence are more compl

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Suzuki, Hiromasa, Aya Bamba, Ryo Yamazaki, and Yutaka Ohira. "Observational Constraints on the Maximum Energies of Accelerated Particles in Supernova Remnants: Low Maximum Energies and a Large Variety." Astrophysical Journal 924, no. 2 (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac33b5.

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Abstract Supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to be the most promising sources of Galactic cosmic rays. One of the principal questions is whether they are accelerating particles up to the maximum energy of Galactic cosmic rays (∼PeV). In this work, a systematic study of gamma-ray-emitting SNRs is conducted as an advanced study of Suzuki et al. Our purpose is to newly measure the evolution of maximum particle energies with increased statistics and better age estimates. We model their gamma-ray spectra to constrain the particle-acceleration parameters. Two candidates of the maximum energy of fr

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Dubey, Ravi Pratap, Christian Fendt, and Bhargav Vaidya. "Particles in Relativistic MHD Jets. I. Role of Jet Dynamics in Particle Acceleration." Astrophysical Journal 952, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace0bf.

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Abstract Relativistic jets from (supermassive) black holes are typically observed in nonthermal emission, caused by highly relativistic electrons. Here, we study the interrelation between three-dimensional (special) relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, and particle acceleration in these jets. We inject Lagrangian particles into the jet that are accelerated through diffusive shock acceleration and radiate energy via synchrotron and inverse Compton processes. We investigate the impact of different injection nozzles on the jet dynamics, propagation, and the spectral energy distribution of relativis

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