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Journal articles on the topic "Accelerometer triad"

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Thalmann, Tomas, Manuel Zechner, and Hans Neuner. "Accelerometer Triad Calibration for Pole Tilt Compensation Using Variance Based Sensitivity Analysis." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051481.

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In Engineering Geodesy, most coordinate frames are aligned with the local vertical. For many measurement tasks, it is therefore necessary to manually (or arithmetically) align sensors or equipment with the local vertical, which is a common source of errors and it is very time consuming. Alternatively, accelerometer triads as part of inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used in several applications for horizon leveling. In this contribution we analyze and develop a method to use accelerometer triads for pole tilt compensation with total stations. Several triad sensor models are investigated and applied in a calibration routine using an industrial robot arm. Furthermore a calibration routine to determine the orientation of the IMU mounted on the pole is proposed. Using variance based sensitivity analysis we investigate the influence of different model parameters on leveling and pole tilt compensation. Based on this inference the developed calibration routines are adjusted. The final evaluation experiment shows an RMS of 2.4 mm for the tilt compensated measured ground point with tilts up to 50 gon.
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Filatov, Yu V., A. M. Boronakhin, V. B. Dao, V. Ch Le, and L. N. Podgornaya. "Studying the Static Errors of MEMS Accelerometer Triad in Quasiharmonic Oscillation Mode." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 95, no. 4 (December 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.2016.24.4.035-046.

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Jie Yang, Wenqi Wu, Yuanxin Wu, and Junxiang Lian. "Thermal Calibration for the Accelerometer Triad Based on the Sequential Multiposition Observation." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 2 (February 2013): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2212608.

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Filatov, Yu V., A. M. Boronakhin, V. B. Dao, V. Ch Le, and L. N. Podgornaya. "Studying the static errors of MEMS accelerometer triad in quasiharmonic oscillation mode." Gyroscopy and Navigation 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075108717020055.

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Sharygin, B. L. "Marine Inertial Navigation and Stabilization System. 20 Years of Development." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 28, no. 3 (2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.0045.

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The paper presents the history of creation and development of Ladoga-M marine inertial navigation and stabilization system (INSS). The major steps of testing and modifications are covered. The system architecture and key features are given: semianalytical inertial navigation system, rotation of azimuth platform, single degree of freedom floating gyros, accelerometer triad, application of Kalman type filter, use of Baget computer. INSS reliability parameters by the results of operation in real conditions are demonstrated.
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Silva, Felipe O., Lucas P. S. Paiva, and Gustavo S. Carvalho. "Error Analysis of Accelerometer- and Magnetometer-Based Stationary Alignment." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 14, 2021): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062040.

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This paper revisits the stationary attitude initialization problem, i.e., the stationary alignment, of Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRSs). A detailed and comprehensive error analysis is proposed for four of the most representative accelerometer- and magnetometer-based stationary attitude determination methods, namely, the Three-Axis Attitude Determination (TRIAD), the QUaternion ESTimator (QUEST), the Factored Quaternion Algorithm (FQA), and the Arc-TANgent (ATAN). For the purpose of the error analysis, constant biases in the accelerometer and magnetometer measurements are considered (encompassing, hence, the effect of hard-iron magnetism), in addition to systematic errors in the local gravity and Earth magnetic field models (flux density magnitude, declination angle, and inclination angle). The contributions of this paper are novel closed-form formulae for the residual errors (normality, orthogonality, and alignment errors) developed in the computed Direction Cosine Matrices (DCM). As a consequence, analytical insight is provided into the problem, allowing us to properly compare the performance of the investigated alignment formulations (in terms of ultimate accuracy), as well as to remove some misleading conclusions reported in previous works. The adequacy of the proposed error analysis is validated through simulation and experimental results.
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Estevez-Urra, Aida, Jordi Llumà, Ramón Jerez-Mesa, and Jose Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez. "Monitoring of Processing Conditions of an Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball-Burnishing Process." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092562.

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Although numerous references present the beneficial effects on surface integrity of ultrasonic vibration-assisted ball burnishing (UVABB), nothing has been reported about the dynamic behavior of the UVABB tool, workpiece, and machine triad during the process. In this paper, a dynamic monitorization through a set of 5 accelerometers is tested to analyze the interactions between the tool–workpiece–machine mechanical assembly. A UVABB tool attached to a milling machine and equipped with a piezoelectric stack that is able to assist the process with a 40-kHz vibration is tested on a milled C45 steel surface. First, the natural frequencies of the mechanical system are obtained through hammer impact tests. Then, the vibratory signals transmitted during the execution of the process are monitored and compared to those: two feed velocities and two burnishing preloads, all with and without vibration-assistance. Results show that the proposed accelerometer set is valid to assess the behavior of a UVABB process. The system’s natural frequencies are not varied by vibration-assistance and are not excited when the piezoelectric is functioning. It is confirmed that UVABB is safe for the machine and the tool, and there is no unexpected excited frequencies due to the piezoelectric excitation.
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Jiang, Wei, Weiguo Zhang, Jingping Shi, Yongxi Lyu, and Huakun Chen. "Globally Asymptotic Stable Attitude Estimation with Application to MEMS Sensors." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 3 (June 2020): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203830550.

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Aiming at the requirement of attitude information module with high precision, small size and low power consumption for the control of miniature UAV, a practical attitude estimation algorithm based on the micro-electro-mechanical sensor is proposed in this paper, which realizes the accurate estimation of the attitude of the UAV under the condition of low acceleration. A low-cost MEMS gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer are used in the system. The Euler angle is obtained by the state observer method based on Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM) which can be got by fusing the sensor data. Firstly, based on the basic idea of TRIAD algorithm, a method to determine the attitude rotation matrix by accelerometer and magnetometric measurement is proposed. Compared with the traditional method, this method does not have to calculate the inverse of the matrix. Secondly, a state observer is intended to estimate the attitude of the system. The state observer doesn't have to observe the bias of the gyroscope, but still ensures the convergence of the Euler angle. Finally, the simulation based on the actual sampling data of the MEMS sensor shows that the output of the state observer designed in this paper still has high accuracy and good dynamic characteristics under the condition of gyroscope noise and bias.
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Crane, Tracy E., Meghan B. Skiba, Austin Miller, David O. Garcia, and Cynthia A. Thomson. "Development and Evaluation of an Accelerometer-Based Protocol for Measuring Physical Activity Levels in Cancer Survivors: Development and Usability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): e18491. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18491.

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Background The collection of self-reported physical activity using validated questionnaires has known bias and measurement error. Objective Accelerometry, an objective measure of daily activity, increases the rigor and accuracy of physical activity measurements. Here, we describe the methodology and related protocols for accelerometry data collection and quality assurance using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer data collection in a convenience sample of ovarian cancer survivors enrolled in GOG/NRG 0225, a 24-month randomized controlled trial of diet and physical activity intervention versus attention control. Methods From July 2015 to December 2019, accelerometers were mailed on 1337 separate occasions to 580 study participants to wear at 4 time points (baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months) for 7 consecutive days. Study staff contacted participants via telephone to confirm their availability to wear the accelerometers and reviewed instructions and procedures regarding the return of the accelerometers and assisted with any technology concerns. Results We evaluated factors associated with wear compliance, including activity tracking, use of a mobile app, and demographic characteristics with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Compliant data, defined as ≥4 consecutive days with ≥10 hours daily wear time, exceeded 90% at all study time points. Activity tracking, but no other characteristics, was significantly associated with compliant data at all time points (P<.001). This implementation of data collection through accelerometry provided highly compliant and usable activity data in women who recently completed treatment for ovarian cancer. Conclusions The high compliance and data quality associated with this protocol suggest that it could be disseminated to support researchers who seek to collect robust objective activity data in cancer survivors residing in a wide geographic area.
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Zmitri, Fourati, and Vuillerme. "Human Activities and Postures Recognition: From Inertial Measurements to Quaternion-Based Approaches." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 4058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194058.

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This paper presents two approaches to assess the effect of the number of inertial sensors and their location placements on recognition of human postures and activities. Inertial and Magnetic Measurement Units (IMMUs)—which consist of a triad of three-axis accelerometer, three-axis gyroscope, and three-axis magnetometer sensors—are used in this work. Five IMMUs are initially used and attached to different body segments. Placements of up to three IMMUs are then considered: back, left foot, and left thigh. The subspace k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier is used to achieve the supervised learning process and the recognition task. In a first approach, we feed raw data from three-axis accelerometer and three-axis gyroscope into the classifier without any filtering or pre-processing, unlike what is usually reported in the state-of-the-art where statistical features were computed instead. Results show the efficiency of this method for the recognition of the studied activities and postures. With the proposed algorithm, more than 80% of the activities and postures are correctly classified using one IMMU, placed on the lower back, left thigh, or left foot location, and more than 90% when combining all three placements. In a second approach, we extract attitude, in term of quaternion, from IMMUs in order to more precisely achieve the recognition process. The obtained accuracy results are compared to those obtained when only raw data is exploited. Results show that the use of attitude significantly improves the performance of the classifier, especially for certain specific activities. In that case, it was further shown that using a smaller number of features, with quaternion, in the recognition process leads to a lower computation time and better accuracy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accelerometer triad"

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Nilsson, Sara. "Studie av integration mellan rategyron och magnetkompass." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2587.

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This master thesis is a study on how a rategyro triad, an accelerometer triad, and a magnetometer triad can be integrated into a navigation system, estimating a vehicle’s attitude, i.e. its roll, tipp, and heading angles. When only a rategyro triad is used to estimate a vehicle’s attitude, a drift in the attitude occurs due to sensor errors.

When an accelerometer triad and a magnetometer triad are used, an error in the vehicle’s heading, appearing as a sine curve, depending on the heading, occurs. By integrating these sensor triads, the sensor errors have been estimated with a filter to improve the estimated attitude’s accuracy.

To investigate and evaluate the navigation system, a simulation model has been developed in Simulink/Matlab. The implementation has been made using a Kalman filter where the sensor fusion takes place. Simulations for different scenarios have been made and the results from these simulations show that the drift in the vehicle’s attitude is avoided.

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Saba, David Joseph. "Validation of Running Symmetry Using Trunk Mounted Accelerometry: Clinical Trial and Case Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73307.

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Trunk-mounted monitoring equipment like GPSports SPIHPU units are designed to use global positioning (GPS), accelerometer and heart rate monitoring to evaluate the physical demands of an activity. A medical staff might also consider markers such as running symmetry in evaluation of injury occurrence and rehabilitation. A running symmetry is a ratio of the synchronization of the right and left lower limbs during the gait cycle. An asymmetry due to, a pathology or musculoskeletal injury, results in abnormal loading on the foot that may be detected by trunk-mounted accelerometry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of SPIHPU units to detect running asymmetry. Subjects wore the HPISPU units (100Hz, 16g tri-axial accelerometer, 50Hz magnetometer) while engaged in various running activities. In the first study, artificially inducing a leg length discrepancy led to a difference between running symmetry scores. This discrepancy was confirmed using individual accelerometers attached to the lower leg near the foot. Next, varying running speed did not result in differences in running symmetry. However, the SPIHPU units did detect a running asymmetry between fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Finally, two case studies showed that the units could identify asymmetry immediately after a lower leg injury and during rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. The results of this study show that the HPUSPI units can be reliably used to monitor running symmetry and to detect asymmetrical gait patterns.
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Green, Elina, and Linn Hellqvist. "Effekten av fysiska aktivitets-interventioner i grundskolan : En systematisk litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75377.

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Bakgrund: Skolan är en av de bästa arenorna för att genomföra insatser som syftar till att främja fysisk aktivitet hos barn och ungdomar, då det går att nå samtliga barn och ungdomar som omfattas av skolplikt. Huruvida dessa insatser är verkningsfulla saknas det däremot information om. Trots att enskilda studier kan visa att insatserna leder till positiva förändringar i barnens aktivitetsnivåer så visar andra ingen effekt. För att få en bättre helhetsbild krävs en systematisk litteraturundersökning. Syfte: Syftet med översikten var att undersöka om skolbaserade interventioner främjar fysisk aktivitet på barn och ungdomar. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt gjordes enligt PRISMA:s riktlinjer. Sökningen gjordes i sökmotorerna PubMed, Onesearch, ASSIA, SportDiscus, Cambridge, PMC mellan 2017-12-15-2018-03-02. Inklusionskriterierna innefattade svenska och engelska kontrollerade studier som var peer reviewed gällande barn och ungdomar i åldrarna 6–17 år. Manipuleringen av interventionsgruppens fysiska aktivitet mättes med accelerometer i minimum tre dagar. Studierna rapporterade medelvärde och standardavvikelse av antingen counts per minute (CPM) eller moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) eller båda. Resultat: Totalt identifierades 11 artiklar som motsvarade de uppsatta inklusions- och exklusionskriterierna. I en artikel gav interventionen positiva effekter gällande den totala fysiska aktiviteten med en nettoökning på 50 CPM mellan baslinjen till uppföljningen. En metaanalys kunde dock inte genomföras då studierna var allt för heterogena avseende metodologiska val, typ av intervention och population. Slutsats: En obetydande till svag evidens för att skolbaserade interventioner främjar barn och ungdomars totala fysiska aktivitet gick att urskilja, dock är studierna överlag allt för heterogena för att några definitiva slutsatser kan dras. Detta är en indikation på att skolbaserade interventioner bör på ett bättre sätt standardiseras avseende utvärderingsmetod och rapportering.
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Wang, Pei-Fan, and 王佩凡. "Energy Expenditure during Forehand Table-Tennis Trial—Comparison between RT3 Triaxial Accelerometer and Indirect Calorimetry." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33777473663608408396.

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碩士
國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
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Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate the correlation between RT3 triaxial accelerometer and indirect calorimetry measurements; to compare data from three different stroke frequencies and from RT3 worn at different anatomic locations. Method: Twenty young healthy male table-tennis athletes (20.25 ± 1.65 years) with no known history of upper limbs injuries in the previous 6 months volunteered to participate in this study. The triaxial accelerometer (RT3, Stayhealthy, Inc.) and indirect calorimetry (SensorMedics, Vmax 29) were used simultaneously to measure the energy expenditure and oxygen consumption during exercise. Four accelerometers were attached at lower back (L3), dominant side of shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Each subject randomly adopted tree forehand table-tennis trials at frequency of 60 balls/min, 75 balls/min, 90 balls/min for 5 minutes. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between the RT3 and indirect calorimetry measurements. One-way ANOVA was used to test any significant difference among three stoke frequencies and four RT3 locations. Result: Correlations between RT3 energy consumption and indirect calorimetry, RT3 vector magnitude and indirect calorimetry(for RT3 at elbow and wrist) are moderate to high (r = 0.39~0.75, p < .01). All parameters were lower for 60 balls/min than 75balls/min and 90 balls/min in all test conditions. For all test conditions, the vector magnitude and energy expenditure measured by RT3 were lowest at the low back than elbow, shoulder and wrist (low back < elbow < shoulder < wrist). No statistically significant difference were found between RT3 at shoulder and elbow.Conclusion: We concluded that RT3 was suitable in distinguishing different forehand table-tennis stroke frequency across all wearing locations and had moderate to high correlation with indirect calorimetry.
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Book chapters on the topic "Accelerometer triad"

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Lynch, C., S. Bird, F. Barnett, N. Lythgo, and I. Selva-Raj. "Improving the Physical Activity of Breast Cancer Survivors Through Fitness Trackers." In Healthier Lives, Digitally Enabled. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210009.

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Introduction: Increasing physical activity among posttreatment breast cancer survivors is essential, as greater physical activity reduces the relative risk of cancer-specific mortality. This trial examines how a fitness tracker-based intervention changes the physical activity behaviour of inactive posttreatment breast cancer survivors. Methods: Seventeen physically inactive posttreatment breast cancer survivors participated in a randomised cross-over controlled trial. Participants underwent a 12-week intervention of a fitness tracker combined with a behavioural counselling and goal-setting session and 12 weeks of normal activity (control). The primary outcome was the change in physical activity assessed by accelerometry over seven days. Results: The intervention achieved a mean increase of 4.5 min/day of moderate-vigorous physical activity, representative of a small-moderate effect (d = 0.34). Changes in time spent as a proportion of the day in light physical activity (-8.3%) and in sedentary behaviour (7.9%), were both significantly different to baseline (t (16) = 3.522, p < 0.01; t (16) = -3.162, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Interindividual differences in the change of patterns of physical activity behaviour suggest that only for some, fitness trackers can achieve a change in the level of moderate-vigorous physical activity.
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Conference papers on the topic "Accelerometer triad"

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Panahandeh, G., I. Skog, and M. Jansson. "Calibration of the accelerometer triad of an inertial measurement unit, maximum likelihood estimation and Cramér-Rao bound." In 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2010.5646832.

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Ravani, Bahram, Jason L. Sherrett, and Ty A. Lasky. "A Comparative Experimental Evaluation of IMU Designs." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46358.

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This paper presents the design of an experimental platform for rapid prototyping, testing, evaluation, and validation of different sensor types and configurations for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) applications. Two example IMU designs are rapidly prototyped and tested on this experimental platform. The first design was based on a triad of gyroscopes, three dual-axis accelerometers and a triad of magnetometers to provide information on the Earth’s magnetic field for the purpose of bounding the attitude drift. The second system was based on twelve accelerometers and again a triad of magnetometers. An Unscented Kalman Filtering technique is used to fuse the IMU and magnetometer data in both cases for an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Test results are presented comparing the two IMU designs to each other and to ground truth with minimal magnetic interference and with introduction of deliberate magnetic interference. The results indicate that the two systems have excellent performance for high-speed applications, while at lower speeds the first design outperforms the second design. It is also shown that external magnetic disturbance degrades the performance of both designs.
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Meyer, Andrew, Jessica M. Fritz, and Gerald F. Harris. "TRID Cranial Analysis During Rear Impact Simulation With MADYMO." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206165.

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Early studies of cranial kinematics were primarily limited to sagittal plane assessments of motion secondary to impact in volunteers, models, anthropometric dummies and human specimens [1]. With advances in instrumentation and imaging technology, more relevant studies of three dimensional (3-D) motion began to emerge. More complex 3-D head kinematics were first quantified with arrays of precisely positioned multi-axis accelerometers [1]. This evolution in quantitative ability has continued to the present time with the application of high speed motion capture systems and more sophisticated mathematical models.
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Abuhamdia, Tariq, Saied Taheri, Abe Meddah, and David Davis. "Rail Defect Detection Using Data From Tri-Axial Accelerometers." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3703.

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This study explores detecting rail defects (track ride quality exceptions) during train operations using real-time x, y and z acceleration data measured and collected on the side frame of a 315,000-lb gross rail load instrumented freight car. Different analysis tools were developed and employed to capture the peculiar characteristics of the data. This includes Harmonic analysis of the data, Wavelet analysis, energy density analysis, and correlation analysis. Based on the analysis results, different filtration and processing techniques were tried to identify the defects throughout the test data. A method that augments autocorrelation to wavelet based singularity detection showed promising results in capturing three types of exceptions: rail fractures, chipped rails, and broken concrete foundations. In addition, blind tests were conducted with several datasets and the algorithm proved to be 100% accurate in detecting the studied defects.
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Godfrey, Alan, Silvia Del Din, Gillian Barry, John C. Mathers, and Lynn Rochester. "Within trial validation and reliability of a single tri-axial accelerometer for gait assessment." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944969.

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Estill, C. F., L. MacDonald, and T. Wenzl. "66. Accelerometers as an Ergonomic Assessment Method for Repetitive Work — A Field Trial." In AIHce 1998. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762845.

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Pop, Petru A., Liviu Lazar, and Florin M. Marcu. "Enhancing the Sport Performance and Quality Life of Athletes by Applying of WBV Method." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66098.

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The mechanical vibrations’ therapy is widely used as a non-conservative and safe physical method for patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, postmenopausal women and sportsmen training, also during athletes’ recovery and rehabilitation phase. This paper has the main goal in assessing the benefic effects of whole-body-vibration (WBV) therapy applied to professional sportsmen as a complementary alternative of training that can improve their sport performance and quality life. The experiment applied on a group of ten volunteers’ athletes from our university, with the ages between of 19 to 29 years and appropriate weight and height, which signed a statement on by self-agreement to participate in this study. The WBV trial performed via a proper dynamic vibration installation during of two months, where the subjects were sitting in a bed with upper limbs on their thighs and inferior limbs extended to provide support for the spine in a fixed support. The installation comprised a vibration bed with direct control of vibration signal and an electronic analyzing system for acquisition and interpretation of vibration data, which allowing an automat control of rotation frequency, alarm and safety system, and visualization on-line the measurement process. The electric motor of vibrating bed can generate predictable vibration values on three axes that used two types of tri-axial vibration sensors, one accelerometer fixed on bed and the second that is an implant accelerometer on the anterior face of the thigh of evaluated subject. Each mechanical vibration training session has performed with a frequency of 45 Hz during of 16 minutes, consisted in eight series with 60 seconds, and one-minute breaks in between. The evaluation of data has made by assessing the values of subjects recorded at the initial stage and at final therapy, which supposed to control the objective parameters, as standing long jump, standing high jump and intensity of exercise performed during of physical efforts. The results of vibration trial stressed that the subjects had a significant increase of sport performances after vibration training at each parameter assessing, which means that WBV can be a viable alternative method used of sportsmen to improve their athletic performance and quality life.
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Bakulin, Andrey, Emad Hemyari, and Ilya Silvestrov. "Acquisition trial of DrillCAM: Real-time seismic with wireless geophones, instrumented top drive and near-bit accelerometer." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2019. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2019-3214516.1.

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Nejadpak, Ashkan, and Cai Xia Yang. "A Computer Vision Approach for Balancing of Rotating Machines." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71407.

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Unbalance is one of the most common mechanical faults in rotating machines. Different balancing methods to stabilize the unbalanced rotor are investigated in this paper. One approach of using solely the accelerometers data and intricate vibration theories is discussed. Although the method can eliminate the need of balancing equipment, and the amplitude and phase of the machine’s vibrations can be identified, it needs numerous measurements, and in some cases is impossible to be implemented. Therefore, a novel approach with reduced number of required measurements is proposed. Our method only requires two measurements, one from the original unbalanced condition, and the other from modified situation after adding an arbitrary trial mass to a marked location on the rotor. The rotating rotor is being video recorded during this process. The goal is to identify the position of the marked area whenever the amplitude of the sinusoidal vibration response reaches the maximum. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, an experiment is setup. Vibration of healthy and unbalanced flywheel attached on a three-phase induction motor is analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The rotation of the motor is video recorded under original unbalanced and modified situations. The correction mass and its adding location are calculated using proposed method. The vibration analysis of balancing result demonstrated that the system got dynamically balanced by adding right value and location of a mass. The method proposed and developed in this paper is more cost effective with the same accuracy as the other contested balancing techniques.
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Hopkins, Brad M., Andrew Seidel, Dan Maraini, and Parham Shahidi. "End-of-Car Device Condition Monitoring With Onboard Sensors." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5655.

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Draft gears and cushioning devices absorb energy during relative motion between two coupled railcars. This may occur in the form of buff and draft forces during over-the-track operation or impact forces during a coupling event in a switching yard. During such events, the end-of-car device absorbs energy that would otherwise be transmitted and possibly cause damage to the car body and/or lading. Health and performance of the end-of-car device is therefore of concern to shippers and car owners. Damaged cushioning units may be identified by visual inspection if the device is leaking hydraulic fluid or by a unit condition indicator, but may not be noticed until damage has been caused to the car and/or lading. This paper presents the results of a study on the detection of a faulty end-of-car cushioning unit. A boxcar with 15 inch travel cushioning units installed on both ends was deployed for field service. The draft systems were inspected prior to the car being deployed, and although both ends of the car initially showed some signs of wear, there was evidence of heavier wear as well as signs of leaking on the B-end cushioning unit. The goal of the field trial was to determine whether or not the B-end of the car would produce higher magnitude acceleration events than the A-end during revenue service. Three wireless onboard monitoring systems, each with GPS and an accelerometer, were used to determine car location and measure car body accelerations. High car body accelerations were recorded and studied for a three month period of time. The results show that the onboard monitoring systems successfully detected more frequent and higher magnitude acceleration events on the B-end of the car.
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