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1
Roth, Marilyn A., and Jennifer S. Mindell. "Who Provides Accelerometry Data? Correlates of Adherence to Wearing an Accelerometry Motion Sensor: The 2008 Health Survey for England." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.1.70.
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Background:Use of objective physical activity measures is rising. We investigated the representativeness of survey participants who wore an accelerometer.Methods:4273 adults aged 16+ from a cross-sectional survey of a random, nationally representative general population sample in England in 2008 were categorized as 1) provided sufficient accelerometry data [4−7 valid days (10+ hrs/d), n = 1724], 2) less than that (n = 237), or 3) declined (n = 302). Multinomial logistic regression identified demographic, socioeconomic, health, lifestyle, and biological correlates of participants in these latter 2 groups, compared with those who provided sufficient accelerometry data (4+ valid days).Results:Those in the random subsample offered the accelerometer were older and more likely to be retired and to report having a longstanding limiting illness than the rest of the adult Health Survey for England participants. Compared with those providing sufficient accelerometery data, those wearing the accelerometer less were younger, less likely to be in paid employment, and more likely to be a current smoker. Those who declined to wear an accelerometer did not differ significantly from those who wore it for sufficient time.Conclusions:We found response bias in wearing the accelerometers for sufficient time, but refusers did not differ from those providing sufficient data. Differences should be acknowledged by data users.
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Evenson, Kelly R., Elissa Scherer, Kennedy M. Peter, Carmen C. Cuthbertson, and Stephanie Eckman. "Historical development of accelerometry measures and methods for physical activity and sedentary behavior research worldwide: A scoping review of observational studies of adults." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): e0276890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276890.
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This scoping review identified observational studies of adults that utilized accelerometry to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior. Key elements on accelerometry data collection were abstracted to describe current practices and completeness of reporting. We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) on June 1, 2021 for articles published up to that date. We included studies of non-institutionalized adults with an analytic sample size of at least 500. The search returned 5686 unique records. After reviewing 1027 full-text publications, we identified and abstracted accelerometry characteristics on 155 unique observational studies (154 cross-sectional/cohort studies and 1 case control study). The countries with the highest number of studies included the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Fewer studies were identified from the continent of Africa. Five of these studies were distributed donor studies, where participants connected their devices to an application and voluntarily shared data with researchers. Data collection occurred between 1999 to 2019. Most studies used one accelerometer (94.2%), but 8 studies (5.2%) used 2 accelerometers and 1 study (0.6%) used 4 accelerometers. Accelerometers were more commonly worn on the hip (48.4%) as compared to the wrist (22.3%), thigh (5.4%), other locations (14.9%), or not reported (9.0%). Overall, 12.7% of the accelerometers collected raw accelerations and 44.6% were worn for 24 hours/day throughout the collection period. The review identified 155 observational studies of adults that collected accelerometry, utilizing a wide range of accelerometer data processing methods. Researchers inconsistently reported key aspects of the process from collection to analysis, which needs addressing to support accurate comparisons across studies.
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Gewolb, Ira H., and Frank L. Vice. "Use of a non-invasive accelerometric method for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants." Journal of Perinatology 41, no. 8 (March 23, 2021): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-01034-5.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical usefulness of a non-invasive accelerometric device to diagnose GER in preterm babies. Study design An accelerometer was taped over the sub-xiphoid process in 110 preterm (GA 29.6 ± 3.3 wk) infants (133 studies). Low frequency, sub-audible signals were captured via digital recording (sampling rate 200 Hz), then re-sampled (rate = 60 Hz) to create a spectrogram (focused range 0–30 Hz). Mean amplitude in the focused range was calculated. Results Of 85 studies with simultaneous pH-metry and accelerometry, 18 had concurrent positive and 23 had concurrent negative scores, 42 had negative pH scores when accelerometry was positive (≥1 µV), consistent with non-acid reflux. Eleven infants at high risk of aspiration received surgical interventions. All but 1 had negative pH scores while 10/11 had positive accelerometry. Conclusions The non-invasiveness of this accelerometric technique allows for GER screening and for repeated testing to assess efficacy of interventions.
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Kelly, Stephen J., Aron J. Murphy, Mark L. Watsford, Damien Austin, and Michael Rennie. "Reliability and Validity of Sports Accelerometers During Static and Dynamic Testing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0408.
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Purpose:To investigate the validity and reliability of accelerometry of the SPI-ProX II dual data logger (GPSports, Canberra, Australia).Methods:Controlled laboratory assessments determined the accuracy and reproducibility of raw accelerometer data. Intra- and interdevice reliability assessed the ability of the SPI-ProX II accelerometers to repeatedly measure peak gravitational accelerations (g) during impact-based testing. Static and dynamic validity testing assessed the accuracy of SPI-ProX II accelerometers against a criterion-referenced accelerometer. Dynamic validity was assessed over a range of frequencies from 5 to 15 Hz.Results:Intradevice reliability found no differences (P < .05) between 4 SPI-ProX II accelerometers, with a low coefficient of variation (1.87–2.21%). SPI-ProX II accelerometers demonstrated small to medium effect-size (ES) differences (0.10–0.44) between groups and excellent interdevice reliability, with no difference found between units (F = 0.826, P = .484). Validity testing revealed significant differences between devices (P = .001), with high percentage differences (27.5–30.5%) and a large ES (>3.44).Conclusions:SPI-ProX II accelerometers demonstrated excellent intra- and interaccelerometer reliability. However, static and dynamic validity were poor, and caution is recommended when measuring the absolute magnitude of acceleration, particularly for high-frequency movements. Regular assessment of individual devices is advised, particularly for mechanical damage and signal-drift errors. It is recommended that guidelines be provided by the manufacturer on measuring shifts in the base accelerometer signal, including time frames for assessing accelerometer axis, magnitude of errors, and calibration of accelerometers from a stable reference point.
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Bolton, Samantha, Nick Cave, Naomi Cogger, and G. R. Colborne. "Use of a Collar-Mounted Triaxial Accelerometer to Predict Speed and Gait in Dogs." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051262.
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Accelerometry has been used to measure treatment efficacy in dogs with osteoarthritis, although interpretation is difficult. Simplification of the output into speed or gait categories could simplify interpretation. We aimed to determine whether collar-mounted accelerometry could estimate the speed and categorise dogs’ gait on a treadmill. Eight Huntaway dogs were fitted with a triaxial accelerometer and then recorded using high-speed video on a treadmill at a slow and fast walk, trot, and canter. The accelerometer data (delta-G) was aligned with the video data and records of the treadmill speed and gait. Mixed linear and logistic regression models that included delta-G and a term accounting for the dogs’ skeletal sizes were used to predict speed and gait, respectively, from the accelerometer signal. Gait could be categorised (pseudo-R2 = 0.87) into binary categories of walking and faster (trot or canter), but not into the separate faster gaits. The estimation of speed above 3 m/s was inaccurate, though it is not clear whether that inaccuracy was due to the sampling frequency of the particular device, or whether that is an inherent limitation of collar-mounted accelerometers in dogs. Thus, collar-mounted accelerometry can reliably categorise dogs’ gaits into two categories, but finer gait descriptions or speed estimates require individual dog modelling and validation. Nonetheless, this accelerometry method could improve the use of accelerometry to detect treatment effects in osteoarthritis by allowing the selection of periods of activity that are most affected by treatment.
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Clark, Cain C. T., Claire M. Barnes, Mark Holton, Huw D. Summers, and Gareth Stratton. "SlamTracker Accuracy under Static and Controlled Movement Conditions." Sport Science Review 25, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2016): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0020.
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Abstract Accelerometry is the de facto standard in objective physical activity monitoring. However traditional accelerometer units undergo proprietary pre-processing, resulting in the ‘black-box’ phenomenon, where researchers are unaware of the processes and filters used on their data. Raw accelerometers where all frequencies related to human movement are included in the signal, would facilitate novel analyses, such as frequency domain analysis and pattern recognition. The aim of this study was to quantify the mean, standard deviation and variance of the SlamTracker raw accelerometer at a range of speeds. Four tri-axial accelerometers underwent a one minute static condition test nine movement condition tests. Accelerometers were assessed for mean, standard deviation, sample variance and coefficient of variation throughout in all axes for all experimental conditions. The sample variance was <0.001g across all speeds and axes during the movement condition tests. In conclusion, the SlamTracker is shown to be an accurate and reliable device for measuring the raw accelerations of movement.
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Dorofeev, N. V., Oleg R. Kuzichkin, and A. V. Tsaplev. "Accelerometric Method of Measuring the Angle of Rotation of the Kinematic Mechanisms of Nodes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.592.
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This article discusses the use of accelerometers to measure the angle of rotation of the kinematic pairs. The main problems of accelerometer methods and justified phasemetric method of forming the differential signal transducer. The application phase metric method accelerometeric measuring the angle of rotation of the kinematic pair eliminates the multiplicative error at the preliminary stage of the measurement.
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Sjöros, Tanja, Henri Vähä-Ypyä, Saara Laine, Taru Garthwaite, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Harri Sievänen, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Juhani Knuuti, Tommi Vasankari, and Ilkka H. A. Heinonen. "Influence of the Duration and Timing of Data Collection on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Associated Insulin Resistance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094950.
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Accelerometry is a commonly used method to determine physical activity in clinical studies, but the duration and timing of measurement have seldom been addressed. We aimed to evaluate possible changes in the measured outcomes and associations with insulin resistance during four weeks of accelerometry data collection. This study included 143 participants (median age of 59 (IQR9) years; mean BMI of 30.7 (SD4) kg/m2; 41 men). Sedentary and standing time, breaks in sedentary time, and different intensities of physical activity were measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Differences in the accelerometer-based results between weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 were analyzed by mixed models, differences during winter and summer by two-way ANOVA, and the associations between insulin resistance and cumulative means of accelerometer results during weeks 1 to 4 by linear models. Mean accelerometry duration was 24 (SD3) days. Sedentary time decreased after three weeks of measurement. More physical activity was measured during summer compared to winter. The associations between insulin resistance and sedentary behavior and light physical activity were non-significant after the first week of measurement, but the associations turned significant in two to three weeks. If the purpose of data collection is to reveal associations between accelerometer-measured outcomes and tenuous health outcomes, such as insulin sensitivity, data collection for at least three weeks may be needed.
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Oliver, Melody, Hannah Badland, Suzanne Mavoa, Mitch J. Duncan, and Scott Duncan. "Combining GPS, GIS, and Accelerometry: Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Location and Intensity of Travel Behaviors." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 1 (January 2010): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.1.102.
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Background:Global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), and accelerometers are powerful tools to explain activity within a built environment, yet little integration of these tools has taken place. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of combining GPS, GIS, and accelerometry to understand transport-related physical activity (TPA) in adults.Methods:Forty adults wore an accelerometer and portable GPS unit over 7 consecutive days and completed a demographics questionnaire and 7-day travel log. Accelerometer and GPS data were extracted for commutes to/from workplace and integrated into a GIS database. GIS maps were generated to visually explore physical activity intensity, GPS speeds and routes traveled.Results:GPS, accelerometer, and survey data were collected for 37 participants. Loss of GPS data was substantial due to a range of methodological issues, such as low battery life, signal drop out, and participant noncompliance. Nonetheless, greater travel distances and significantly higher speeds were observed for motorized trips when compared with TPA.Conclusions:Pragmatic issues of using GPS monitoring to understand TPA behaviors and methodological recommendations for future research were identified. Although methodologically challenging, the combination of GPS monitoring, accelerometry and GIS technologies holds promise for understanding TPA within the built environment.
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Courtney Musson and Mark Kramer. "Accelerometery vs. video-derived stroke parameters in high-level swimmers." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a9483.
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Background: Swimming is a multifaceted sport with nuanced performance parameters that tend to vary according to the swimmer’s stroke style. The extraction and analyses of swim parameters, such as lap time (LT), stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and velocity are time-consuming. This may be eased and to some extent automated by the use of cost-effective tri- axial accelerometers.
Objectives: To determine the validity of tri-axial accelerometers across all four stroke styles, and to investigate kinematic differences in stroke styles using accelerometer- based data.
Methods: Twelve elite swimmers were recruited for the study. The group consisted of five male (age: 22.2 ± 2.6 years; height: 1.84 ± 0.08 m; weight: 76.2 ± 3.6 kg) and seven female (age: 20.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.08 cm; weight: 62.0 ± 6.3 kg) swimmers.
Results: There was a small but significant bias for accelerometery data compared to video data across most parameters and stroke styles except for stroke length and stroke count (p > 0.05). However, accelerometery-derived SR, SL and velocity can be considered practically useful based on the training requirements of coaches. Parameters derived from video analysis compared to accelerometery were highly correlated (r > 0.91) and therefore consistent regardless of the method of analysis.
Conclusion: Although slight differences were present between the video and accelerometer data, these differences were not practically meaningful.
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Vanderloo, Leigh M., Natascja A. Di Cristofaro, Nicole A. Proudfoot, Patricia Tucker, and Brian W. Timmons. "Comparing the Actical and ActiGraph Approach to Measuring Young Children’s Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Time." Pediatric Exercise Science 28, no. 1 (February 2016): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2014-0218.
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Young children’s activity and sedentary time were simultaneously measured via the Actical method (i.e., Actical accelerometer and specific cut-points) and the ActiGraph method (i.e., ActiGraph accelerometer and specific cut-points) at both 15-s and 60-s epochs to explore possible differences between these 2 measurement approaches. For 7 consecutive days, participants (n = 23) wore both the Actical and ActiGraph side-by-side on an elastic neoprene belt. Device-specific cut-points were applied. Paired sample t tests were conducted to determine the differences in participants’ daily average activity levels and sedentary time (min/h) measured by the 2 devices at 15-s and 60-s time sampling intervals. Bland-Altman plots were used to examine agreement between Actical and ActiGraph accelerometers. Regardless of epoch length, Actical accelerometers reported significantly higher rates of sedentary time (15 s: 42.7 min/h vs 33.5 min/h; 60 s: 39.4 min/h vs 27.1 min/h). ActiGraph accelerometers captured significantly higher rates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (15 s: 9.2 min/h vs 2.6 min/h; 60 s: 8.0 min/h vs 1.27 min/h) and total physical activity (15 s: 31.7 min/h vs 22.3 min/h; 60 s: = 39.4 min/h vs 25.2 min/h) in comparison with Actical accelerometers. These results highlight the present accelerometry-related issues with interpretation of datasets derived from different monitors.
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Nedergaard, Niels J., Mark A. Robinson, Elena Eusterwiemann, Barry Drust, Paulo J. Lisboa, and Jos Vanrenterghem. "The Relationship Between Whole-Body External Loading and Body-Worn Accelerometry During Team-Sport Movements." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0712.
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Purpose:To investigate the relationship between whole-body accelerations and body-worn accelerometry during team-sport movements.Methods:Twenty male team-sport players performed forward running and anticipated 45° and 90° side-cuts at approach speeds of 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s. Whole-body center-of-mass (CoM) accelerations were determined from ground-reaction forces collected from 1 foot–ground contact, and segmental accelerations were measured from a commercial GPS accelerometer unit on the upper trunk. Three higher-specification accelerometers were also positioned on the GPS unit, the dorsal aspect of the pelvis, and the shaft of the tibia. Associations between mechanical load variables (peak acceleration, loading rate, and impulse) calculated from both CoM accelerations and segmental accelerations were explored using regression analysis. In addition, 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to explore the relationships between peak segmental accelerations and CoM-acceleration profiles during the whole foot–ground contact.Results:A weak relationship was observed for the investigated mechanical load variables regardless of accelerometer location and task (R2 values across accelerometer locations and tasks: peak acceleration .08–.55, loading rate .27–.59, and impulse .02–.59). Segmental accelerations generally overestimated whole-body mechanical load. SPM analysis showed that peak segmental accelerations were mostly related to CoM accelerations during the first 40–50% of contact phase.Conclusions:While body-worn accelerometry correlates to whole-body loading in team-sport movements and can reveal useful estimates concerning loading, these correlations are not strong. Body-worn accelerometry should therefore be used with caution to monitor whole-body mechanical loading in the field.
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Schrack, Jennifer, and Amal Wanigatunga. "MOVING, THINKING, AND SLEEPING: NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE HEALTH FROM ACCELEROMETRY DATA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1303.
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Abstract Physical activity and sleep are well-established predictors of health and longevity with aging. Wrist accelerometers, that produce high-frequency time series data, capture multiple aspects of daily physical activity and sleep 24-hours/day. Historically, the majority of accelerometry-based activity research has employed summary metrics to understand the associations of total daily physical activity and sleep with physical and cognitive health. Although these measures are important for understanding conformity with physical activity and sleep recommendations, they underutilize the potential of these data. Further, the summary metrics may differ by accelerometer type/brand, making it difficult to translate results across device types and studies. This symposium will examine the associations between accelerometry-derived physical activity and various aging-related health outcomes, and compare the measurement properties of two commonly used accelerometers for measuring sleep. Ms. Marino will discuss the association of physical activity volume and fragmentation with the presence of the Apolipoprotein-ε4 genotype in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), overall and by time of day. Dr. Wanigatunga will present evidence on the association of physical activity patterns with beta amyloid plaques in the BLSA. Dr. Schrack will present the association of physical activity fragmentation and diurnal patterns with peripheral artery disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Finally, Ms. Liu will compare measurement of sleep variables derived from two commonly used accelerometers. Collectively, these presentations highlight ways to utilize the richness of accelerometry data to illuminate more sensitive associations between movement and health outcomes to advance prevention science and promote health aging.
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Alessandrini, M., A. Micarelli, A. Viziano, I. Pavone, G. Costantini, D. Casali, F. Paolizzo, and G. Saggio. "Body-worn triaxial accelerometer coherence and reliability related to static posturography in unilateral vestibular failure." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 37, no. 3 (June 2017): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1334.
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Poichè le alterazioni della funzione vestibolare possono essere causa di disequilibrio, i principali reperti sviluppati ad oggi per misurare il controllo posturale e lintegrazione sensoriale nel danno vestibolare sono stati ottenuti grazie alla posturografia. Tuttavia, al fine di superare i problemi legati a tale genere di tecnologia, sono stati proposti gli accelerometri indossabili (ACC) come unalternativa portatile e a basso costo per la misurazione delloscillazione corporea in ambienti confortevoli. Daltro canto, nessuno studio ad oggi ha dimostrato la validità sperimentale delle misurazioni ottenute con ACC - rispetto a quelle derivanti dalla posturografia - in soggetti affetti da deficit vestibolare. Pertanto, lobiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di i) sviluppare e validare una strumentazione pratica che potesse consentire la misurazione dei disordini delloscillazione corporea nellambito della valutazione otoneurologica attraverso gli ACC e ii) fornire unanalisi delle oscillazioni affidabile ed automatica, che potesse implementare in modo sensibile ed accurato la possibile discriminazione di pazienti affetti da deficit vestibolare unilaterale (UVF). A tale scopo, un gruppo di 13 pazienti (sette femmine, 6 maschi; età media 48.6 ± 6.4 anni) affetti da UVF da almeno 6 mesi e un altro omogeneo di 13 soggetti sani sono stati invitati a mantenere la posizione eretta durante lesecuzione della posturografia statica (FBP) mentre indossavano a livello lombare - vicino al centro di massa - un sensore Movit® (by Captiks) costituito da accelerometri 3-D. La correlazione product-moment secondo Pearson ha dimostrato un elevato livello di corrispondenza di quattro misure, estratte da ACC e da FBP, nel dominio del tempo e di tre in quello della frequenza. Inoltre il t-test ha evidenziato che due parametri nel dominio del tempo e due in quello della frequenza si sono dimostrati affidabili nel discriminare i soggetti affetti da UVF. Tali aspetti, nel loro complesso, dovrebbero focalizzare lattenzione in ambito clinico e di ricerca su tale tecnica di registrazione, considerato larricchimento quantitativo e qualitativo di informazioni utili nella discriminazione, diagnosi e trattamento di pazienti affetti da UVF. In conclusione, noi riteniamo che la misurazione basata su ACC offra unalternativa confortevole, affidabile, economica ed efficiente utile, assieme ai test clinici di equilibrio e mobilità, in molteplici circostanze così come negli studi implicati nella diagnosi, controllo e riabilitazione di pazienti affetti da UVF.
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Wainberg, Michael, Samuel E. Jones, Lindsay Melhuish Beaupre, Sean L. Hill, Daniel Felsky, Manuel A. Rivas, Andrew S. P. Lim, Hanna M. Ollila, and Shreejoy J. Tripathy. "Association of accelerometer-derived sleep measures with lifetime psychiatric diagnoses: A cross-sectional study of 89,205 participants from the UK Biobank." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e1003782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003782.
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Background Sleep problems are both symptoms of and modifiable risk factors for many psychiatric disorders. Wrist-worn accelerometers enable objective measurement of sleep at scale. Here, we aimed to examine the association of accelerometer-derived sleep measures with psychiatric diagnoses and polygenic risk scores in a large community-based cohort. Methods and findings In this post hoc cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank cohort, 10 interpretable sleep measures—bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, duration of longest sleep bout, number of naps, and variability in bedtime and sleep duration—were derived from 7-day accelerometry recordings across 89,205 participants (aged 43 to 79, 56% female, 97% self-reported white) taken between 2013 and 2015. These measures were examined for association with lifetime inpatient diagnoses of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder/mania, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders from any time before the date of accelerometry, as well as polygenic risk scores for major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Covariates consisted of age and season at the time of the accelerometry recording, sex, Townsend deprivation index (an indicator of socioeconomic status), and the top 10 genotype principal components. We found that sleep pattern differences were ubiquitous across diagnoses: each diagnosis was associated with a median of 8.5 of the 10 accelerometer-derived sleep measures, with measures of sleep quality (for instance, sleep efficiency) generally more affected than mere sleep duration. Effect sizes were generally small: for instance, the largest magnitude effect size across the 4 diagnoses was β = −0.11 (95% confidence interval −0.13 to −0.10, p = 3 × 10−56, FDR = 6 × 10−55) for the association between lifetime inpatient major depressive disorder diagnosis and sleep efficiency. Associations largely replicated across ancestries and sexes, and accelerometry-derived measures were concordant with self-reported sleep properties. Limitations include the use of accelerometer-based sleep measurement and the time lag between psychiatric diagnoses and accelerometry. Conclusions In this study, we observed that sleep pattern differences are a transdiagnostic feature of individuals with lifetime mental illness, suggesting that they should be considered regardless of diagnosis. Accelerometry provides a scalable way to objectively measure sleep properties in psychiatric clinical research and practice, even across tens of thousands of individuals.
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Crane, Tracy E., Meghan B. Skiba, Austin Miller, David O. Garcia, and Cynthia A. Thomson. "Development and Evaluation of an Accelerometer-Based Protocol for Measuring Physical Activity Levels in Cancer Survivors: Development and Usability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): e18491. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18491.
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Background The collection of self-reported physical activity using validated questionnaires has known bias and measurement error. Objective Accelerometry, an objective measure of daily activity, increases the rigor and accuracy of physical activity measurements. Here, we describe the methodology and related protocols for accelerometry data collection and quality assurance using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer data collection in a convenience sample of ovarian cancer survivors enrolled in GOG/NRG 0225, a 24-month randomized controlled trial of diet and physical activity intervention versus attention control. Methods From July 2015 to December 2019, accelerometers were mailed on 1337 separate occasions to 580 study participants to wear at 4 time points (baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months) for 7 consecutive days. Study staff contacted participants via telephone to confirm their availability to wear the accelerometers and reviewed instructions and procedures regarding the return of the accelerometers and assisted with any technology concerns. Results We evaluated factors associated with wear compliance, including activity tracking, use of a mobile app, and demographic characteristics with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Compliant data, defined as ≥4 consecutive days with ≥10 hours daily wear time, exceeded 90% at all study time points. Activity tracking, but no other characteristics, was significantly associated with compliant data at all time points (P<.001). This implementation of data collection through accelerometry provided highly compliant and usable activity data in women who recently completed treatment for ovarian cancer. Conclusions The high compliance and data quality associated with this protocol suggest that it could be disseminated to support researchers who seek to collect robust objective activity data in cancer survivors residing in a wide geographic area.
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Ortolá, Rosario, Esther García-Esquinas, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, Jairo H. Migueles, David Martínez-Gómez, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. "Association of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep With Unhealthy Aging: Consistent Results for Device-Measured and Self-reported Behaviors Using Isotemporal Substitution Models." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa177.
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Abstract Background We examined the association of time allocation among physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with unhealthy aging (UA), using both accelerometry and self-reports. Method We used cross-sectional data from 2312 individuals aged 65 years and older. Physical activity, SB, and sleep were ascertained by both wrist accelerometers and validated questionnaires, and UA was measured with a 52-item health-deficit accumulation index. Analyses used isotemporal substitution linear regression models. Results Less deficit accumulation was observed when the distribution of activities was 30 min/d less of SB and 30 min/d more of PA for both accelerometer (fully adjusted β [95% CI]: –0.75 [–0.90, –0.61]) and self-reports (–0.55 [–0.65, –0.45]), as well as less long sleep and more PA (accelerometer: –1.44 [–1.86, –1.01]; self-reports: –2.35 [–3.35, –1.36]) or more SB (accelerometer: –0.45 [–0.86, –0.05]; self-reports: –1.28 [–2.29, –0.28]), less normal sleep and more moderate-to-vigorous PA (accelerometer: –1.70 [–2.28, –1.13]; self-reports: –0.65 [–0.99, –0.31]), and less accelerometer light PA and more moderate-to-vigorous PA (–1.62 [–2.17, –1.07]). However, more deficit accumulation was observed when less sleep was accompanied by either more SB or more light PA in short sleepers. Self-reports captured differential associations by activity: walking appeared to be as beneficial as more vigorous activities, such as cycling or sports, and reading was associated with less UA than more mentally passive SBs, such as watching TV. Conclusions More PA was associated with less UA when accompanied by less SB time or sleep in long/normal sleepers, but not in short sleepers, where the opposite was found. Accelerometry and self-reports provided consistent associations.
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Staunton, Craig A., Mikael Swarén, Thomas Stöggl, Dennis-Peter Born, and Glenn Björklund. "The Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory and Accelerometer-Derived Measures in Trail Running and the Influence of Sensor Location." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0220.
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Purpose: To examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory and accelerometer-derived measures of exercise during trail running and determine the influence of accelerometer location. Methods: Eight trail runners (7 males and 1 female; age 26 [5] y; maximal oxygen consumption [] 70 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed a 7-km trail run (elevation gain: 486 m), with concurrent measurements of , heart rate, and accelerations recorded from 3 triaxial accelerometers attached at the upper spine, lower spine, and pelvis. External exercise intensity was quantified from the accelerometers using PlayerLoad™ per minute and accelerometry-derived average net force. External exercise volume was calculated using accumulated PlayerLoad and the product of average net force and duration (impulse). Internal intensity was calculated using heart rate and -metrics; internal volume was calculated from total energy expenditure (work). All metrics were analyzed during both uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) sections of the trail run. Results: PlayerLoad and average net force were greater during DH compared with UH for all sensor locations (P ≤ .004). For all accelerometer metrics, there was a sensor position × gradient interaction (F2,1429.003; P <.001). The upper spine was lower compared with both pelvis (P ≤ .003) and lower spine (P ≤ .002) for all accelerometer metrics during both UH and DH running. Relationships between accelerometer and cardiorespiratory measures during UH running ranged from moderate negative to moderate positive (r = −.31 to .41). Relationships were stronger during DH running where there was a nearly perfect correlation between work and impulse (r = .91; P < .001). Conclusions: Simultaneous monitoring of cardiorespiratory and accelerometer-derived measures during trail running is suggested because of the disparity between internal and external intensities during changes in gradient. Sensor positioning close to the center of mass is recommended.
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Kwon, Soyang, Patricia Zavos, Katherine Nickele, Albert Sugianto, and Mark V. Albert. "Hip and Wrist-Worn Accelerometer Data Analysis for Toddler Activities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 21, 2019): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142598.
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Although accelerometry data are widely utilized to estimate physical activity and sedentary behavior among children age 3 years or older, for toddlers age 1 and 2 year(s), accelerometry data recorded during such behaviors have been far less examined. In particular, toddler’s unique behaviors, such as riding in a stroller or being carried by an adult, have not yet been examined. The objective of this study was to describe accelerometry signal outputs recorded during participation in nine types of behaviors (i.e., running, walking, climbing up/down, crawling, riding a ride-on toy, standing, sitting, riding in a stroller/wagon, and being carried by an adult) among toddlers. Twenty-four toddlers aged 13 to 35 months (50% girls) performed various prescribed behaviors during free play in a commercial indoor playroom while wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on a hip and a wrist. Participants’ performances were video-recorded. Based on the video data, accelerometer data were annotated with behavior labels to examine accelerometry signal outputs while performing the nine types of behaviors. Accelerometer data collected during 664 behavior assessments from the 21 participants were used for analysis. Hip vertical axis counts for walking were low (median = 49 counts/5 s). They were significantly lower than those recorded while a toddler was “carried” by an adult (median = 144 counts/5 s; p < 0.01). While standing, sitting, and riding in a stroller, very low hip vertical axis counts were registered (median ≤ 5 counts/5 s). Although wrist vertical axis and vector magnitude counts for “carried” were not higher than those for walking, they were higher than the cut-points for sedentary behaviors. Using various accelerometry signal features, machine learning techniques showed 89% accuracy to differentiate the “carried” behavior from ambulatory movements such as running, walking, crawling, and climbing. In conclusion, hip vertical axis counts alone may be unable to capture walking as physical activity and “carried” as sedentary behavior among toddlers. Machine learning techniques that utilize additional accelerometry signal features could help to recognize behavior types, especially to differentiate being “carried” from ambulatory movements.
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Kalisch, Tobias, Christoph Theil, Georg Gosheger, Thomas Ackmann, Isabell Schoenhals, and Burkhard Moellenbeck. "Measuring sedentary behavior using waist- and thigh-worn accelerometers and inclinometers – are the results comparable?" Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 14 (January 2022): 1759720X2210792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x221079256.
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Background: Objective sensor-based quantification of sedentary behavior is an important tool for planning and evaluating interventions for excessive sedentary behavior in patients with musculoskeletal diseases. Although waist-worn accelerometers are the standard for physical activity (PA) assessment, only thigh-worn inclinometers can clearly distinguish sedentary behavior from any light PA or standing activity. Methods: In this study, 53 adults (ages 20–85 years) wore two ActiGraph wGT3X-BT monitors, each containing an inclinometer and accelerometer (set for acquisition of slow movements in all three planes), attached to the right waist and thigh for a period of about 4 days. Both monitors recorded total sedentary time and continuous sedentary 10-min bouts by synchronous accelerometry and inclinometry. Differences and correlations between methods and wearing positions were evaluated against participant age, body mass index (BMI), and number of steps taken. Thigh-worn inclinometry was used as reference. Results: Data from thigh-worn inclinometry and waist-worn accelerometry were highly correlated for total sedentary time [rho = 0.888; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.937] and time in sedentary bouts (rho = 0.818; ICC = 0.848). Nevertheless, accelerometry at the waist underestimated sedentary time by ≈17% ( p < 0.001) and time in sedentary bouts by ≈54% ( p < 0.001). A satisfactory concordance thus could be demonstrated only for total sedentary time, based on the Bland–Altmann method (≈96% of data within the limits of agreement). The differences between waist-worn accelerometry and thigh-worn inclinometry did not correlate with age but did correlate with BMI and PA for both sedentary behavior parameters ( r ⩾ 0.240, p ⩽ 0.043). Conclusion: A waist-worn accelerometer can be used to determine total sedentary time under free-living conditions with sufficient accuracy if the correct settings are chosen. Further investigations are necessary to investigate why short sedentary bouts cannot be reliably assessed. Trial registration: DRKS00024060 (German Clinical Trials Register)
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Hayward, Kathryn S., Janice J. Eng, Lara A. Boyd, Bimal Lakhani, Julie Bernhardt, and Catherine E. Lang. "Exploring the Role of Accelerometers in the Measurement of Real World Upper-Limb Use After Stroke." Brain Impairment 17, no. 1 (November 10, 2015): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2015.21.
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The ultimate goal of upper-limb rehabilitation after stroke is to promote real-world use, that is, use of the paretic upper-limb in everyday activities outside the clinic or laboratory. Although real-world use can be collected through self-report questionnaires, an objective indicator is preferred. Accelerometers are a promising tool. The current paper aims to explore the feasibility of accelerometers to measure upper-limb use after stroke and discuss the translation of this measurement tool into clinical practice. Accelerometers are non-invasive, wearable sensors that measure movement in arbitrary units called activity counts. Research to date indicates that activity counts are a reliable and valid index of upper-limb use. While most accelerometers are unable to distinguish between the type and quality of movements performed, recent advancements have used accelerometry data to produce clinically meaningful information for clinicians, patients, family and care givers. Despite this, widespread uptake in research and clinical environments remains limited. If uptake was enhanced, we could build a deeper understanding of how people with stroke use their arm in real-world environments. In order to facilitate greater uptake, however, there is a need for greater consistency in protocol development, accelerometer application and data interpretation.
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Rauen, Katrin, Judith Schaffrath, Cauchy Pradhan, Roman Schniepp, and Klaus Jahn. "Accelerometric Trunk Sensors to Detect Changes of Body Positions in Immobile Patients." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 3272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103272.
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Mobilization, verticalization and position change are mandatory for severely affected neurological patients in early neurorehabilitation in order to improve neurological status and prevent complications. However, with the exception of hospitals and rehabilitation facilities, this activity is not usually monitored and so far the automated monitoring of position changes in immobile patients has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated whether accelerometers on the upper trunk could reliably detect body position changes in immobile patients. Thirty immobile patients in early neurorehabilitation (Barthel Index ≤ 30) were enrolled. Two tri-axial accelerometers were placed on the upper trunk and on the thigh. Information on the position and position changes of the subject were derived from accelerometer data and compared to standard written documentation in the hospital over 24 h. Frequency and duration of different body positions (supine, sidelying, sitting) were measured. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis-test. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.05. Trunk sensors detected 100% and thigh sensors 66% of position changes (p = 0.0004) compared to standard care documentation. Furthermore, trunk recording also detected additional spontaneous body position changes that were not documented in standard care (81.8 ± 4.4% of all position changes were documented in standard care documentation) (p < 0.0001). We found that accelerometric trunk sensors are suitable for recording position changes and mobilization of severely affected patients. Our findings suggest that using accelerometers for care documentation is useful for monitoring position changes and mobilization frequencies in and outside of hospital for severely affected neurological patients. Accelerometric sensors may be valuable in monitoring continuation of care plans after intensive neurorehabilitation.
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O’Halloran, Paul, Courtney Sullivan, Kiera Staley, Matthew Nicholson, Erica Randle, Adrian Bauman, Alex Donaldson, et al. "Measuring change in adolescent physical activity: Responsiveness of a single item." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0268459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268459.
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Self-report measures are frequently used to assess change in physical activity (PA) levels. Given the limited data from adolescent populations, the primary objective of this study was to examine the responsiveness of a single item measure (SIM) of PA for adolescents to detect change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometer data as the reference measure. A secondary objective was to provide further data on the validity of the measure at one point in time. The validity of the SIM to determine the number of days ≥60 minutes of MVPA was based on data from 200 participants (62% female; age: 14.0 ± 1.6 years) and analysis of change was based on data from 177 participants (65% female; age: 14.0 ± 1.6 years). Validity of change in days ≥60 minutes of MVPA was examined through agreement in classification of change between the SIM and accelerometry as the reference measurement and Spearman’s correlation. Cohen’s d and standardised response means were used to assess the responsiveness to change of the measure. The responsiveness of the SIM and accelerometer data were comparable and modest (0.27–0.38). The correlation for change in number of days ≥60 minutes MVPA between the SIM and accelerometery was low (r = 0.11) and the accuracy of the SIM for detecting change, using accelerometry as the reference, was only marginally above chance (53%). Therefore, the adolescent version of the SIM is adequate for assessing PA at a single time point but not recommended for assessing change.
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Zbogar, Dominik, Janice J. Eng, William C. Miller, Andrei V. Krassioukov, and Mary C. Verrier. "Reliability and validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation." SAGE Open Medicine 4 (January 1, 2016): 205031211666694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312116666941.
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Objectives: To assess the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Design: Observational study. Setting: Two inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation centres. Subjects: Participants ( n = 106) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation. Methods: Physical activity during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation stay was recorded on two days via (1) wrist accelerometer, (2) hip accelerometer if ambulatory, and (3) self-report (Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury questionnaire). Spearman’s correlations and Bland–Altman plots were utilized for test–retest reliability. Correlations between physical activity measures and clinical measures (functional independence, hand function, and ambulation) were performed. Results: Correlations for physical activity measures between Day 1 and Day 2 were moderate to high (ρ = 0.53–0.89). Bland–Altman plots showed minimal bias and more within-subject differences in more active individuals and wide limits of agreement. None of these three physical activity measures correlated with one another. A moderate correlation was found between wrist accelerometry counts and grip strength (ρ = 0.58) and between step counts and measures of ambulation (ρ = 0.62). Functional independence was related to wrist accelerometry (ρ = 0.70) and step counts (ρ = 0.56), but not with self-report. Conclusion: The test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the instrumented measures suggest that wrist and hip accelerometers are appropriate tools for use in research studies of daily physical activity in the spinal cord injury rehabilitation setting but are too variable for individual use.
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Sui, Li, Jing Hua Zhang, Jian Feng Liu, and Geng Chen Shi. "Design, Analysis and Test for Micro-Mechanical Piezoresistive Accelerometer." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.46.
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First of all, this paper analyzes the piezoresistive accelerometers’ research achievements at home and abroad. Then, design, manufacturing and testing method of the accelerometer array is presented. According to the detection requirements of fuze’s environmental forces, this paper provides an array accelerometers structure. In this way, each independent chip has 2*2 accelerometers, and every two accelerometers have the same structure sizes. So, the accelerometer array has two different measurement ranges. In order to reduce the influence of cross sensitivity, the accelerometer uses criss-cross beams. Every single accelerometer comprises sensing unit, signal processing circuit and self-test unit. According to the characteristics of processing plant, an entire series of independent processes for micro-mechanical piezoresistive fabrication is designed, and also given the layouts. The accelerometer is fabricated and its sensitivity and self-test performances are tested in this paper, finally this paper gives the reasons which cause test errors.
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Walter, Patrick L. "Review: Fifty Years Plus of Accelerometer History for Shock and Vibration (1940–1996)." Shock and Vibration 6, no. 4 (1999): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/281718.
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This article summarizes the history of accelerometer development and the subsequent evolution of the commercial accelerometer industry. The focus is primarily on piezoelectric and piezoresistive accelerometers, although early resistance-bridge-type accelerometers are also described. The pioneer accelerometer manufacturing companies are identified and a chronology of technology development through today is presented.
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Fraser, Sarah J., Justin J. Chapman, Wendy J. Brown, Harvey A. Whiteford, and Nicola W. Burton. "The Feasibility of Using Questionnaires and Accelerometers to Measure Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Inpatient Adults With Mental Illness." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 5 (May 2016): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0223.
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Background:The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using questionnaires and accelerometers to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior among inpatient adults with mental illness.Methods:Participants completed a physical activity and sitting time questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Feasibility was assessed in terms of participant engagement, self-reported ease/difficulty of completing study components, extreme self-report data values and adherence to accelerometer wear time criteria. Ease/difficulty ratings were examined by level of distress.Results:177 inpatients were invited to the study, 101 completed the questionnaires and 36 provided valid accelerometry data. Participants found it more difficult to complete sitting time and physical activity questionnaires than to wear the accelerometer during waking hours (z = 3.787, P < .001; z = 2.824, P = .005 respectively). No significant differences were found in ease/difficulty ratings by level of distress for any of the study components. Extreme values for self-reported sitting time were identified in 27% of participants.Conclusion:Inpatient adults with mental illness can engage with self-report and objective methods of measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior. They were initially less willing to participate in objective measurement, which may however be more feasible than self-report measures.
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Kelly, Louise A., John J. Reilly, Sheila C. Fairweather, Sarah Barrie, Stanley Grant, and James Y. Paton. "Comparison of Two Accelerometers for Assessment of Physical Activity in Preschool Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 16, no. 4 (November 2004): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.4.324.
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The primary aim of this study was to test the validity of two accelerometers, CSA/MTI WAM-7164 and Actiwatch®, against direct observation of physical activity using the Children’s Physical Activity Form (CPAF). CSA/MTI WAM-7164 and Actiwatch accelerometers simultaneously measured activity during structured-play classes in 3- to 4-year olds. Accelerometry output was synchronized to CPAF assessments of physical activity in 78 children. Rank order correlations between accelerometry and direct observation evaluated the ability of the accelerometers to assess total physical activity. Within-child minute-to-minute correlations were calculated between accelerometry output and direct observation. For total physical activity, CSA/MTI output was significantly correlated with CPAF (r = .72, p < .001), but output from the Actiwatch was not (r = .16, p > .05).
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Saitua, Aritz, Cristina Castejón-Riber, Francisco Requena, David Argüelles, Natalie Calle-González, Antonia Sánchez de Medina, and Ana Muñoz. "Previous Exercise on a Water Treadmill at Different Depths Affects the Accelerometric Pattern Recorded on a Track in Horses." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223086.
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During a water treadmill (WT) exercise, horses change their accelerometric patterns. We aimed to analyze if these changes persist during terrestrial locomotion. Six horses were randomly subjected to 40 min duration WT exercises, without water (WW), at the depth of fetlock (FET), carpus (CAR) and stifle (STF), with a day off between them. Before and after 30 min after WT, horses were evaluated at walk and at trot on a track with a triaxial accelerometer fixed on the pectoral (PECT) and sacrum (SML) regions. The percent of change from baseline (before WT and after each exercise session) were calculated. Total, dorsoventral, longitudinal and mediolateral accelerometric activities and dorsoventral displacement increased with the accelerometer in PECT but decreased after WT at STF. Velocity increased with the accelerometer in PECT but decreased with the accelerometer in SML, particularly after WT at STF. A reduction in stride frequency was found with the accelerometer in PECT. SL increased with the accelerometer in SML but decreased with WT at STF. Some accelerometric changes that happened on WT remained shortly in terrestrial locomotion. The reduction in some parameters after WT at STF depth seems to indicate fatigue. This should be considered in training or rehabilitation programs for unfit animals.
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Warmath, Clara R., Courtney C. Choy, Elizabeth A. Frame, Lauren B. Sherar, Rachel L. Duckham, Christina Soti-Ulberg, Take Naseri, Muagututia S. Reupena, and Nicola L. Hawley. "Comparability of The Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire with Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Samoan Children: A Retrospective Analysis of Ola Tuputupua’e Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168438.
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Accurate measurement of physical activity is critical to understand its role in cardiometabolic health and obesity development in children and to monitor trends in behavior and evaluate interventions. An ongoing mixed-longitudinal study of child growth and development in Samoa is collecting physical activity data with both accelerometers and the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ). The aims of our analyses were to (1) describe the response frequency and correlations of individual questions in the NPAQ, (2) develop modified NPAQ scores with selected questions and (3) examine the concordance of modified NPAQ scores with accelerometer outcomes among children aged 2–4 years. We developed two modified NPAQ scores with combinations of questions and assessed concordance of the modified scores with accelerometer data using estimated marginal means adjusted for monitor wear time. Although the evenly distributed tertiles of the modified 15-point NPAQ score showed promising trends of increasing minutes of accelerometer-assessed high-intensity physical activity with increasing tertile, the estimated marginal means were imprecise with high variance, demonstrating that NPAQ score could not accurately assess physical activity levels of preschool-aged children in Samoa. Considering that questionnaires are often considered more cost-effective tools for physical activity measurement than accelerometry, further research is necessary to develop a culturally and age-appropriate physical activity questionnaire in this population.
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Albrecht, Birte Marie, Fabian Tristan Flaßkamp, Annemarie Koster, Bjoern M. Eskofier, and Karin Bammann. "Cross-sectional survey on researchers’ experience in using accelerometers in health-related studies." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 2 (May 2022): e001286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001286.
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ObjectivesAccelerometers are widely applied in health studies, but lack of standardisation regarding device placement, sampling and data processing hampers comparability between studies. The objectives of this study were to assess how accelerometers are applied in health-related research and problems with accelerometer hardware and software encountered by researchers.MethodsResearchers applying accelerometry in a health context were invited to a cross-sectional web-based survey (August 2020–September 2020). The questionnaire included quantitative questions regarding the application of accelerometers and qualitative questions on encountered hardware and software problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data and content analysis was applied to qualitative data.ResultsIn total, 116 health researchers were included in the study (response: 13.7%). The most used brand was ActiGraph (67.2%). Independently of brand, the main reason for choosing a device was that it was the standard in the field (57.1%–83.3%). In children and adolescent populations, sampling frequency was higher (mean: 73.3 Hz ±29.9 Hz vs 47.6 Hz ±29.4 Hz) and epoch length (15.0s±15.6s vs 30.1s±25.9s) and non-wear time (42.9 min ±23.7 min vs 65.3 min ±35.4 min) were shorter compared with adult populations. Content analysis revealed eight categories of hardware problems (battery problems, compliance issues, data loss, mechanical problems, electronic problems, sensor problems, lacking waterproofness, other problems) and five categories of software problems (lack of user-friendliness, limited possibilities, bugs, high computational burden, black box character).ConclusionsThe study confirms heterogeneity regarding accelerometer use in health-related research. Moreover, several hardware and software problems were documented. Both aspects must be tackled to increase validity, practicability and comparability of research.
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Lazar, Drew, Munni Begum, Md Monzur Murshed, Benjamin Nelson, Joshua M. Bock, Mary Imboden, Leonard Kaminsky, and Alexander Montoye. "Statistical Learning Methods to Predict Activity Intensity from Body-Worn Accelerometers." Journal of Biomedical Analytics 3, no. 1 (August 21, 2020): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30577/jba.v3i1.57.
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Physical activity, especially when performed at moderate or vigorous intensity, has short- and long-term health benefits, but measurement of free-living physical activity is challenging. Accelerometers are popular tools to assess physical activity, although accuracy of conventional accelerometer analysis methods is suboptimal. This study developed and tested statistical learning models for assessing activity intensity from body-worn accelerometers. Twenty-eight adults performed 10-21 activities of daily living in two visits while wearing four accelerometers (right hip, right ankle, both wrists). Accelerometer placement is of crucial practical concern and this paper addresses this issue. Boosting, bagging, random forest and decision tree models were created for each accelerometer and for two-, three-, and four-accelerometer combinations to predict activity intensity. Research staff observations of activity intensity served as the criterion. Point estimates of error for the ankle accelerometer were 2.2-4.7 percentage points lower than other single-accelerometer placements, and the left wrist-ankle combination had errors 0.8-5.8 percentage points lower than other two-accelerometer combinations. Decision trees had poorer accuracy than the other models. Using an accelerometer worn on the lower limb, by itself or in combination with an upper-limb accelerometer, appears to offer optimal accuracy for activity intensity measurement.
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Qian, Leping, and Decai Li. "Use of Magnetic Fluid in Accelerometers." Journal of Sensors 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/375623.
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Magnetic fluid accelerometer is designed based on the special physical properties of magnetic fluid. Compared with the conventional acceleration sensors, magnetic fluid accelerometer has stronger shock resistance capability, higher sensitivity, lower energy consumption, and better performance in low frequency response. It satisfies the growing requirements of acceleration sensors. In this paper, the dynamic model and the theory of magnetic fluid accelerometers were presented. The structure characteristics of typical magnetic fluid accelerometers were investigated, and the development trend of magnetic fluid accelerometers in the future was also predicted. Besides, a novel accelerometer with linearity better than 1.5% and sensitivity better than 75 mV/g was proposed.
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Clark, Emma L. M., Lauren D. Gulley, Allison M. Hilkin, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Heather J. Leach, Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, et al. "Feasibility and Acceptability of Accelerometer Measurement of Physical Activity in Pregnant Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052216.
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During pregnancy, physical activity relates to better maternal and child mental and physical health. Accelerometry is thought to be effective for assessing free-living physical activity, but the feasibility/acceptability of accelerometer use in pregnant adolescents has not been reported. In this short communication, we conducted secondary analysis of a small pilot study to describe the feasibility/acceptability of accelerometry in pregnant adolescents and the preliminary results of physical activity characteristics. Participants were recruited from a multidisciplinary adolescent perinatal clinic. Physical activity was assessed with wrist-worn accelerometers. Feasibility was described as median days of valid wear (≥10 h of wear/day) for the total sample and the number/percentage of participants with ≥4 days of valid wear. Sensitivity analyses of wear time were performed. Acceptability ratings were collected by structured interview. Thirty-six pregnant (14.6 ± 2.1 gestational weeks) adolescents (17.9 ± 1.0 years) participated. Median days of valid wear were 4 days. Seventeen participants (51.5%) had ≥4 days of valid wear. There were no differences in characteristics of adolescents with vs. without ≥4 days of valid wear. Twenty participants (60.6%) had ≥3 days of valid wear, 24 (72.7%) ≥2 valid days, and 27 (81.8%) ≥1 valid wear day. Acceptability ratings were neutral. Assessing physical activity with accelerometry in pregnant adolescents was neither feasible nor acceptable with the current conditions. Future research should investigate additional incentives and the potential utility of a lower wear-time criterion in pregnant adolescents.
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Hurter, Liezel, Anna M. Cooper-Ryan, Zoe R. Knowles, Lorna A. Porcellato, Stuart J. Fairclough, and Lynne M. Boddy. "A Novel Mixed Methods Approach to Assess Children’s Sedentary Behaviors." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0040.
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Purpose: Accurately measuring sedentary behavior (SB) in children is challenging by virtue of its complex nature. While self-report questionnaires are susceptible to recall errors, accelerometer data lacks contextual information. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of using accelerometry combined with the Digitising Children’s Data Collection (DCDC) for Health application (app), to capture SB comprehensively. Methods: 74 children (9–10 years old) wore ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers for 7 days. Each received a SAMSUNG Galaxy Tab4 (SM-T230) tablet, with the DCDC app installed and a specially designed sedentary behavior study downloaded. The app uses four data collection tools: 1) Questionnaire, 2) Take a photograph, 3) Draw a picture, and 4) Record my voice. Children self-reported their SB daily. Accelerometer data were analyzed using R-package GGIR. App data were downloaded and individual participant profiles created. SBs reported were grouped into categories and reported as frequencies. Results: Participants spent, on average, 629 min (i.e., 73% of their waking time) sedentary. App data revealed most of their out-of-school SB consisted of screen time (112 photos, 114 drawings, and screen time mentioned 135 times during voice recordings). Playing with toys, reading, arts and crafts, and homework were also reported across all four data capturing tools on the app. On an individual level, data from the app often explained irregular patterns in physical activity and SB observed in accelerometer data. Conclusion: This mixed methods approach to assessing SB adds context to accelerometer data, providing researchers with information needed for intervention design.
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Song, Sangho, Hyun Chan Kim, Jung Woong Kim, Debora Kim, and Jaehwan Kim. "Performance improvement of miniaturized ZnO nanowire accelerometer fabricated by refresh hydrothermal synthesis." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170557.
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Miniaturized accelerometers are necessary for evaluating the performance of small devices, such as haptics, robotics and simulators. In this study, we fabricated miniaturized accelerometers using well-aligned ZnO nanowires. The layer of ZnO nanowires is used for active piezoelectric layer of the accelerometer, and copper was chosen as a head mass. Seedless and refresh hydrothermal synthesis methods were conducted to grow ZnO nanowires on the copper substrate and the effect of ZnO nanowire length on the accelerometer performance was investigated. The refresh hydrothermal synthesis exhibits longer ZnO nanowires, 12 µm, than the seedless hydrothermal synthesis, 6 µm. Performance of the fabricated accelerometers was verified by comparing with a commercial accelerometer. The sensitivity of the fabricated accelerometer by the refresh hydrothermal synthesis is shown to be 37.7 pA g −1 , which is about 30 times larger than the previous result.
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Suorsa, Kristin, Anna Pulakka, Tuija Leskinen, Jaana Pentti, Andreas Holtermann, Olli J. Heinonen, Juha Sunikka, Jussi Vahtera, and Sari Stenholm. "Comparison of Sedentary Time Between Thigh-Worn and Wrist-Worn Accelerometers." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0052.
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Background: The accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers in identifying sedentary time has been scarcely studied in free-living conditions. The aim of this study was to compare daily sedentary time estimates between a thigh-worn accelerometer, which measured sitting and lying postures, and a wrist-worn accelerometer, which measured low levels of movement. Methods: The study population consisted of 259 participants (Mage = 62.8 years, SD = 0.9) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their mid-thigh and an Actigraph wActiSleep-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist simultaneously for a minimum of 4 days in free-living conditions. Two definitions to estimate daily sedentary time were used for data from the wrist-worn accelerometer: 1) the count cutpoint, ≤1853 counts per minute; and 2) the Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) cutpoint, <30 mg. Results: Compared to the thigh-worn accelerometer, daily sedentary time estimate was 63 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = −53 to −73) lower by the count cutpoint and 50 min (95% CI = 34 to 67) lower by the ENMO cutpoint. The limits of agreement in daily sedentary time estimates between the thigh- and cutpoint methods for wrist-worn accelerometers were wide (the count cutpoint: −117 to 243, the ENMO cutpoint: −212 to 313 min). Conclusions: Currently established cutpoint-based methods to estimate sedentary time from wrist-worn accelerometers result in underestimation of daily sedentary time compared to posture-based estimates of thigh-worn accelerometers. Thus, sedentary time estimates obtained from wrist-worn accelerometers using currently available cutpoint-based methods should be interpreted with caution and future work is needed to improve their accuracy.
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Bento, Teresa, António Cortinhas, José Carlos Leitão, and Maria Paula Mota. "Use of accelerometry to measure physical activity in adults and the elderly." Revista de Saúde Pública 46, no. 3 (June 2012): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102012005000022.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the use of accelerometry as an objective measure of physical activity in adults and elderly people. METHODS: A systematic review of studies on the use of accelerometty as an objective measure to assess physical activity in adults were examined in PubMed Central, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO and Medline databases from March 29 to April 15, 2010. The following keywords were used: "accelerometry," "accelerometer," "physical activity," "PA," "patterns," "levels," "adults," "older adults," and "elderly," either alone or in combination using "AND" or "OR." The reference lists of the articles retrieved were examined to capture any other potentially relevant article. Of 899 studies initially identified, only 18 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven studies were conducted in North America (United States), five in Europe, one in Africa (Cameroon) and one in Australia. Very few enrolled older people, and only one study reported the season or time of year when data was collected. The articles selected had different methods, analyses, and results, which prevented comparison between studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to standardize study methods for data reporting to allow comparisons of results across studies and monitor changes in populations. These data can help design more adequate strategies for monitoring and promotion of physical activity.
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He, Wen Tao, De Yong Chen, Guang Bei Li, and Jun Bo Wang. "Low Frequency Electrochemical Accelerometer with Low Noise Based on MEMS." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.75.
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Petroleum prospecting and early warning of some geological disaster increasingly depend on the accelerometers which can detect vibrate of frequency below 1Hz, but it’s embarrassing that accelerometers based on Si or SiO2 structure make an awful performance in this frequency range. Electrochemical accelerometers were developed in 1990s. With fluidics to be inertial mass, electrochemical accelerometer not only show an excellent property in low frequency, but also has a wide dynamic range. However, traditional fabrication process of electrochemical accelerometer is rather complex and can’t eliminate the noise due to the inconsistency and asymmetry of electrodes. To solve these problems, a scheme based on MEMS is proposed here, including design, fabrication and package. Properties of electrochemical accelerometer (EAM) are tested in two conditions at last.
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Montoye, Alexander H. K., Rebecca W. Moore, Heather R. Bowles, Robert Korycinski, and Karin A. Pfeiffer. "Reporting accelerometer methods in physical activity intervention studies: a systematic review and recommendations for authors." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 23 (August 18, 2016): 1507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095947.
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ObjectiveThis systematic review assessed the completeness of accelerometer reporting in physical activity (PA) intervention studies and assessed factors related to accelerometer reporting.DesignThe PubMed database was used to identify manuscripts for inclusion. Included studies were PA interventions that used accelerometers, were written in English and were conducted between 1 January 1998 and 31 July 2014. 195 manuscripts from PA interventions that used accelerometers to measure PA were included. Manuscript completeness was scored using 12 questions focused on 3 accelerometer reporting areas: accelerometer information, data processing and interpretation and protocol non-compliance. Variables, including publication year, journal focus and impact factor, and population studied were evaluated to assess trends in reporting completeness.ResultsThe number of manuscripts using accelerometers to assess PA in interventions increased from 1 in 2002 to 29 in the first 7 months of 2014. Accelerometer reporting completeness correlated weakly with publication year (r=0.24, p<0.001). Correlations were greater when we assessed improvements over time in reporting data processing in manuscripts published in PA-focused journals (r=0.43, p=0.002) compared to manuscripts published in non-PA-focused journals (r=0.19, p=0.021). Only 7 of 195 (4%) manuscripts reported all components of accelerometer use, and only 132 (68%) reported more than half of the components.ConclusionsAccelerometer reporting of PA in intervention studies has been poor and improved only minimally over time. We provide recommendations to improve accelerometer reporting and include a template to standardise reports.
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Zou, Ting, and Jorge Angeles. "Structural and instrumentation design of a microelectromechanical systems biaxial accelerometer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 13 (January 7, 2014): 2440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213518745.
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Microscale biaxial accelerometers are required to be sensitive to applied accelerations and manufacturable by means of microelectromechanical systems technology. In order to meet these requirements, a compliant realization of biaxial accelerometers, dubbed simplicial biaxial accelerometers, has been proposed, as reported in this paper. Notched joints, to realize what is termed Π-joints in the parallel-robots literature, are employed and then improved by the introduction of Lamé-shaped hinges serving as flexible joints. The sensitivity of the simplicial biaxial accelerometers in estimating accelerations is investigated and validated by means of finite element analysis. The sensing system is embedded in the simplicial biaxial accelerometers, with piezoresistive sensing technology adopted in the instrumentation design. Using the principles of piezoresistive sensing, the electronic layout is developed for the accelerometer. Through the piezoresistive analysis implemented on the finite element model of the simplicial biaxial accelerometers, the matrix that maps voltage signals into acceleration signals is derived. By virtue of both the structural and electronic designs, the accelerometer is observed to be sensitive to accelerations in its plane, but fairly insensitive to accelerations in any of the other four directions of the rigid-body motion. Finally, prototypes were fabricated with microelectromechanical systems technology to test the microfabrication feasibility of the structure and measurement system of the accelerometer. Test results are the subject of a forthcoming paper.
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McHugh, M. P., S. Y. Kwiecien, M. P. Hannon, and R. J. Stewart. "G-Force Exposure in a Contact Sport: The Use of Accelerometers to Quantify Physical Stress." Journal of Sports Research 1, no. 1 (September 15, 2014): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.90/2014.1.1/90.1.12.21.
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GPS-based analyses of movement patterns are inadequate for quantifying the physical stress imposed on athletes in contact sports. Accelerometers may be useful for monitoring such athletes. The purpose of this study was to use triaxial accelerometers to record G-force exposure in Gaelic football players to examine differences in G-force exposure between games and practices and between playing positions. A small triaxial accelerometer with a flash memory chip data logger was fitted to the waistband of players’ shorts. Game and practice data were acquired at 100 Hz (scale ±16G) from 19 club level players (age 25±7 yr). Resultant G-force was: calculated for each data point from the raw accelerometer data collected in all three planes of motion and analyzed by quantifying the time spent above different G-force thresholds. Player positions were categorized as central (half backs/half forwards/midfield) and peripheral (full back/full forward) with central players typically more involved in continuous running. ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections was used to compare G-force exposure between games vs. practices, and between central vs. peripheral players (practice not position dependent). Differences between games and practices were apparent for time >3G, >4G, and >5G with more time at these thresholds in practices versus games (P=0.003), indicating higher G-force exposure in practices versus games. In games central players had greater time at >2G and >3G (P<0.001). Accelerometry analysis was effective in distinguishing player position-dependent differences in G-force exposure, and differences between games and practices. These differences indicate that the method of analysis of G-force exposure used here may be of utility for quantifying the physical stresses imposed on athletes in contact sports.
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Ullrich, Antje, Sophie Baumann, Lisa Voigt, Ulrich John, and Sabina Ulbricht. "Measurement Reactivity of Accelerometer-Based Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in 2 Assessment Periods." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0331.
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Background: The purposes of this study were to examine accelerometer measurement reactivity (AMR) in sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and accelerometer wear time in 2 measurement periods and to quantify AMR as a human-related source of bias for the reproducibility of SB and PA estimates. Methods: In total, 136 participants (65% women, mean age = 54.6 y) received 7-day accelerometry at the baseline and after 12 months. Latent growth models were used to identify AMR. Intraclass correlations were calculated to examine the reproducibility using 2-level mixed-effects linear regression analyses. Results: Within each 7-day accelerometry assessment, the participants increased their time spent in SB (b = 2.4 min/d; b = 3.8 min/d) and reduced their time spent in light PA (b = −2.0 min/d; b = −3.2 min/d), but did not change moderate to vigorous PA. The participants reduced their wear time (b = −5.2 min/d) only at the baseline. The intraclass correlations ranged from .42 for accelerometer wear time to .74 for SB. The AMR was not identified as a source of bias in any regression model. Conclusions: AMR may influence SB and PA estimates differentially. Although 7-day accelerometry seems to be a reproducible measure, our findings highlight accelerometer wear time as a crucial confounder in analyzing SB and PA data.
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Esliger, Dale W., Jennifer L. Copeland, Joel D. Barnes, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Standardizing and Optimizing the Use of Accelerometer Data for Free-Living Physical Activity Monitoring." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2, no. 3 (July 2005): 366–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2.3.366.
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The unequivocal link between physical activity and health has prompted researchers and public health officials to search for valid, reliable, and logistically feasible tools to measure and quantify free-living physical activity. Accelerometers hold promise in this regard. Recent technological advances have led to decreases in both the size and cost of accelerometers while increasing functionality (e.g., greater memory, waterproofing). A lack of common data reduction and standardized reporting procedures dramatically limit their potential, however. The purpose of this article is to expand on the utility of accelerometers for measuring free-living physical activity. A detailed example profile of physical activity is presented to highlight the potential richness of accelerometer data. Specific recommendations for optimizing and standardizing the use of accelerometer data are provided with support from specific examples. This descriptive article is intended to advance and ignite scholarly dialogue and debate regarding accelerometer data capture, reduction, analysis, and reporting.
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Schmitz, Dylan G., Darryl G. Thelen, and Stephanie G. Cone. "A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Tendon Wave Speed from Skin-Mounted Accelerometers." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062283.
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Shear wave tensiometry is a noninvasive approach for assessing in vivo tendon forces based on the speed of a propagating shear wave. Wave speed is measured by impulsively exciting a shear wave in a tendon and then assessing the wave travel time between skin-mounted accelerometers. Signal distortion with wave travel can cause errors in the estimated wave travel time. In this study, we investigated the use of a Kalman filter to fuse spatial and temporal accelerometer measurements of wave propagation. Spatial measurements consist of estimated wave travel times between accelerometers. Temporal measurements are the change in wave arrival at a fixed accelerometer between successive impulsive taps. The Kalman filter substantially improved the accuracy of estimated wave speeds when applied to simulated tensiometer data. The variability of estimated wave speed was reduced by ~55% in the presence of random sensor noise. It was found that increasing the number of accelerometers from two to three further reduced wave speed errors by 45%. The use of redundant accelerometers (>2) also improved the robustness of wave speed measures in the presence of uncertainty in accelerometer location. We conclude that the use of a Kalman filter and redundant accelerometers can enhance the fidelity of using shear wave tensiometers to track tendon wave speed and loading during movement.
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Gurule, Sara C., Melissa Aguirre, Kylee Forrest, Victor V. Flores, John Wenzel, Colin Tobin, Derek Bailey, and Jennifer A. Hernandez Gifford. "PSII-16 Potential of sensor technology to detect changes in behavior related to health status of ewes following exposure to mold-contaminated feed." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.576.
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Abstract Behavior can be a valuable indicator of an animal’s health and wellness state, emphasizing the importance of monitoring changes in behavior. Sensor technologies can identify changes in animal activity, providing the potential to detect abnormal behavior associated with health status and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate sheep behavior before and after illness caused by mold-contaminated feed using tri-axial accelerometers. Twenty-five ewes were fitted with HerdDogg biometric accelerometer ear tags. Thirteen ewes also had Axivity AX3 accelerometers attached on the opposite side ear tag. Tri-axial accelerometers were attached to mature ewes for the purpose of parturition evaluation, when an unexpected ration change occurred. The entire sheep flock was exposed to mold-contaminated feed, symptoms were immediately observed, and symptomatic ewes were treated with a veterinarian directed protocol. Accelerometer data were evaluated 4 days prior to exposure (d -4 to -1); on day of ration change (d 0); and 4 days post exposure (d 1 to 4). Herddogg accelerometer data from 3 ewes displaying symptoms identified a decrease in activity (P ≤ 0.03) for 2 days after feed exposure compared to the 4 days before exposure. Three days after exposure and 2 days after treatment, no difference in activity was detected (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-activity levels. Herddogg accelerometers can identify similar behavioral changes as Axivity accelerometers. The correlation of the standard deviation of movement intensity derived from the Axivity accelerometer and the Herddogg activity metric was 0.67. It is crucial to detect subtle behavioral changes at onset of illness, to allow for prompt producer intervention before animal health is compromised. These results suggest that real-time or near-real time accelerometers, such as Herddogg, have potential to detect illness in ewes in a pen setting.
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Gurule, Sara C., Melissa Aguirre, Kylee Forrest, Victor V. Flores, John Wenzel, Colin Tobin, Derek Bailey, and Jennifer A. Hernandez Gifford. "PSII-16 Potential of sensor technology to detect changes in behavior related to health status of ewes following exposure to mold-contaminated feed." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.576.
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Abstract Behavior can be a valuable indicator of an animal’s health and wellness state, emphasizing the importance of monitoring changes in behavior. Sensor technologies can identify changes in animal activity, providing the potential to detect abnormal behavior associated with health status and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate sheep behavior before and after illness caused by mold-contaminated feed using tri-axial accelerometers. Twenty-five ewes were fitted with HerdDogg biometric accelerometer ear tags. Thirteen ewes also had Axivity AX3 accelerometers attached on the opposite side ear tag. Tri-axial accelerometers were attached to mature ewes for the purpose of parturition evaluation, when an unexpected ration change occurred. The entire sheep flock was exposed to mold-contaminated feed, symptoms were immediately observed, and symptomatic ewes were treated with a veterinarian directed protocol. Accelerometer data were evaluated 4 days prior to exposure (d -4 to -1); on day of ration change (d 0); and 4 days post exposure (d 1 to 4). Herddogg accelerometer data from 3 ewes displaying symptoms identified a decrease in activity (P ≤ 0.03) for 2 days after feed exposure compared to the 4 days before exposure. Three days after exposure and 2 days after treatment, no difference in activity was detected (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-activity levels. Herddogg accelerometers can identify similar behavioral changes as Axivity accelerometers. The correlation of the standard deviation of movement intensity derived from the Axivity accelerometer and the Herddogg activity metric was 0.67. It is crucial to detect subtle behavioral changes at onset of illness, to allow for prompt producer intervention before animal health is compromised. These results suggest that real-time or near-real time accelerometers, such as Herddogg, have potential to detect illness in ewes in a pen setting.
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Trisno, Roth, Parvathy Nair, Daniel Martin, Maryam S. Baghini, Hoam Chung, Gita Pendharkar, and Jayashri Kulkarni. "Using accelerometer as a diagnostic tool to detect drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) secondary to first-generation anti-psychotic medications." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220901467.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an accelerometer-based compact system in detecting and quantifying drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A pilot study controlled clinical trial comprising 6 people with schizophrenia and 11 control subjects was conducted at Alfred Health, Melbourne. Participants had their movements assessed using Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) followed by an assessment of gait using three triaxial accelerometers. Results: Median BARS, SAS, MDS-UPDRS III and accelerometer scores were significantly higher for patients with schizophrenia than controls. Accelerometers detected three times more rest tremor than clinical rating scales. Patients with schizophrenia had 70% of their dynamic acceleration at frequencies between 4 and 10 Hz, which is almost twice that observed in the control population (38%). Accelerometer scores were significantly correlated with BARS scores. Conclusion: Accelerometers were able to accurately detect patients with DIP better than some clinical rating scale including the SAS. Further larger-scale studies must be conducted to further demonstrate the accuracy of accelerometers in detecting DIP.
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Zainol Abidin, Nurdiana, Wendy J. Brown, Bronwyn Clark, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, and Rabindarjeet Singh. "Physical Activity Measurement by Accelerometry Among Older Malay Adults Living in Semi-Rural Areas—A Feasibility Study." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 24, no. 4 (October 2016): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2015-0157.
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We evaluated feasibility of physical activity measurement by accelerometry among older Malay adults living in semi-rural areas in Malaysia. Results showed that 95% of 146 participants (aged [SD] 67.6 [6.4] years) were compliant in wearing the accelerometer for at least five days. Fifteen participants were asked for re-wear the accelerometer because they did not have enough valid days during the first assessment. Participants wore the accelerometer an average of 15.3 hr in a 24-hr day, with 6.5 (1.2) valid wear days. No significant difference in valid wear day and time was found between men and women. Participants who are single provide more valid wear days compared with married participants (p < .05), and participants with higher levels of education provide longer periods of accelerometer wearing hours (p < .01). Eighty-seven percent of participants reported ‘no issues’ with wearing the meter. This study suggests that accelerometry is a feasible method to assess the physical activity level among older Malay adults living in semi-rural areas.
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de Graauw, Suzanne M., Janke F. de Groot, Marco van Brussel, Marjolein F. Streur, and Tim Takken. "Review of Prediction Models to Estimate Activity-Related Energy Expenditure in Children and Adolescents." International Journal of Pediatrics 2010 (2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/489304.
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Purpose. To critically review the validity of accelerometry-based prediction models to estimate activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children and adolescents.Methods. The CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were development or validation of an accelerometer-based prediction model for the estimation of AEE in healthy children or adolescents (6–18 years), criterion measure: indirect calorimetry, or doubly labelled water, and language: Dutch, English or German.Results. Nine studies were included. Median methodological quality was5.5±2.0 IR (out of a maximum 10 points). Prediction models combining heart rate and counts explained 86–91% of the variance in measured AEE. A prediction model based on a triaxial accelerometer explained 90%. Models derived during free-living explained up to 45%.Conclusions. Accelerometry-based prediction models may provide an accurate estimate of AEE in children on a group level. Best results are retrieved when the model combines accelerometer counts with heart rate or when a triaxial accelerometer is used. Future development of AEE prediction models applicable to free-living scenarios is needed.