Relevant bibliographies by topics / Accelerometro lineare

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Academic literature on the topic 'Accelerometro lineare'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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Bolton, Samantha, Nick Cave, Naomi Cogger, and G. R. Colborne. "Use of a Collar-Mounted Triaxial Accelerometer to Predict Speed and Gait in Dogs." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051262.

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Accelerometry has been used to measure treatment efficacy in dogs with osteoarthritis, although interpretation is difficult. Simplification of the output into speed or gait categories could simplify interpretation. We aimed to determine whether collar-mounted accelerometry could estimate the speed and categorise dogs’ gait on a treadmill. Eight Huntaway dogs were fitted with a triaxial accelerometer and then recorded using high-speed video on a treadmill at a slow and fast walk, trot, and canter. The accelerometer data (delta-G) was aligned with the video data and records of the treadmill speed and gait. Mixed linear and logistic regression models that included delta-G and a term accounting for the dogs’ skeletal sizes were used to predict speed and gait, respectively, from the accelerometer signal. Gait could be categorised (pseudo-R2 = 0.87) into binary categories of walking and faster (trot or canter), but not into the separate faster gaits. The estimation of speed above 3 m/s was inaccurate, though it is not clear whether that inaccuracy was due to the sampling frequency of the particular device, or whether that is an inherent limitation of collar-mounted accelerometers in dogs. Thus, collar-mounted accelerometry can reliably categorise dogs’ gaits into two categories, but finer gait descriptions or speed estimates require individual dog modelling and validation. Nonetheless, this accelerometry method could improve the use of accelerometry to detect treatment effects in osteoarthritis by allowing the selection of periods of activity that are most affected by treatment.
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Sjöros, Tanja, Henri Vähä-Ypyä, Saara Laine, Taru Garthwaite, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Harri Sievänen, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Juhani Knuuti, Tommi Vasankari, and Ilkka H. A. Heinonen. "Influence of the Duration and Timing of Data Collection on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Associated Insulin Resistance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094950.

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Accelerometry is a commonly used method to determine physical activity in clinical studies, but the duration and timing of measurement have seldom been addressed. We aimed to evaluate possible changes in the measured outcomes and associations with insulin resistance during four weeks of accelerometry data collection. This study included 143 participants (median age of 59 (IQR9) years; mean BMI of 30.7 (SD4) kg/m2; 41 men). Sedentary and standing time, breaks in sedentary time, and different intensities of physical activity were measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Differences in the accelerometer-based results between weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 were analyzed by mixed models, differences during winter and summer by two-way ANOVA, and the associations between insulin resistance and cumulative means of accelerometer results during weeks 1 to 4 by linear models. Mean accelerometry duration was 24 (SD3) days. Sedentary time decreased after three weeks of measurement. More physical activity was measured during summer compared to winter. The associations between insulin resistance and sedentary behavior and light physical activity were non-significant after the first week of measurement, but the associations turned significant in two to three weeks. If the purpose of data collection is to reveal associations between accelerometer-measured outcomes and tenuous health outcomes, such as insulin sensitivity, data collection for at least three weeks may be needed.
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Ortolá, Rosario, Esther García-Esquinas, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, Jairo H. Migueles, David Martínez-Gómez, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. "Association of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep With Unhealthy Aging: Consistent Results for Device-Measured and Self-reported Behaviors Using Isotemporal Substitution Models." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa177.

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Abstract Background We examined the association of time allocation among physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with unhealthy aging (UA), using both accelerometry and self-reports. Method We used cross-sectional data from 2312 individuals aged 65 years and older. Physical activity, SB, and sleep were ascertained by both wrist accelerometers and validated questionnaires, and UA was measured with a 52-item health-deficit accumulation index. Analyses used isotemporal substitution linear regression models. Results Less deficit accumulation was observed when the distribution of activities was 30 min/d less of SB and 30 min/d more of PA for both accelerometer (fully adjusted β [95% CI]: –0.75 [–0.90, –0.61]) and self-reports (–0.55 [–0.65, –0.45]), as well as less long sleep and more PA (accelerometer: –1.44 [–1.86, –1.01]; self-reports: –2.35 [–3.35, –1.36]) or more SB (accelerometer: –0.45 [–0.86, –0.05]; self-reports: –1.28 [–2.29, –0.28]), less normal sleep and more moderate-to-vigorous PA (accelerometer: –1.70 [–2.28, –1.13]; self-reports: –0.65 [–0.99, –0.31]), and less accelerometer light PA and more moderate-to-vigorous PA (–1.62 [–2.17, –1.07]). However, more deficit accumulation was observed when less sleep was accompanied by either more SB or more light PA in short sleepers. Self-reports captured differential associations by activity: walking appeared to be as beneficial as more vigorous activities, such as cycling or sports, and reading was associated with less UA than more mentally passive SBs, such as watching TV. Conclusions More PA was associated with less UA when accompanied by less SB time or sleep in long/normal sleepers, but not in short sleepers, where the opposite was found. Accelerometry and self-reports provided consistent associations.
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FENATO JUNIOR, ALEXANDRE, LARISSA MARTINS GARCIA, GLEICI DA SILVA CASTRO PERDONÁ, and DANIEL AUGUSTO MARANHO. "MEASUREMENT OF PELVIC RETROVERSION DURING HIP FLEXION: EVALUATION WITH ACCELEROMETERS." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 28, no. 2 (April 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220202801227237.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify pelvic retroversion during clinical evaluation of hip flexion with accelerometers and to verify the reliability of these sensors to measure hip flexion. Methods: An accelerometer was positioned laterally in the pelvis to measure pelvic retroversion. Another accelerometer was positioned anteriorly on the thigh to evaluate hip flexion amplitude. The evaluations were performed with volunteers in supine position by three raters. For evaluation of pelvic retroversion, the mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) was calculated. Reliability of the accelerometer between raters was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The linear correlation coefficient between hip flexion was determined by using goniometer and accelerometer. Results: The mean pelvic retroversion was 7.3° ± 0.93° (6°-11°) in the clinical limit of the hip range of motion, which was 106.25° ± 10.46° (93°-130°). The ICC between two raters were 0.60, 0.71 and 0.74 (goniometer) and 0.46, 0.71 and 0.83 (accelerometer). The linear correlation between hip flexion measurements with goniometer and accelerometer was 0.87. Conclusion: During clinical evaluation of the final range of hip flexion, there was an associated pelvic movement of approximately 7.3º. Accelerometers have proven to be reliable for measurement of hip flexion. Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients with no gold reference standard applied uniformly.
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Ullrich, Antje, Sophie Baumann, Lisa Voigt, Ulrich John, and Sabina Ulbricht. "Measurement Reactivity of Accelerometer-Based Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in 2 Assessment Periods." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0331.

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Background: The purposes of this study were to examine accelerometer measurement reactivity (AMR) in sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and accelerometer wear time in 2 measurement periods and to quantify AMR as a human-related source of bias for the reproducibility of SB and PA estimates. Methods: In total, 136 participants (65% women, mean age = 54.6 y) received 7-day accelerometry at the baseline and after 12 months. Latent growth models were used to identify AMR. Intraclass correlations were calculated to examine the reproducibility using 2-level mixed-effects linear regression analyses. Results: Within each 7-day accelerometry assessment, the participants increased their time spent in SB (b = 2.4 min/d; b = 3.8 min/d) and reduced their time spent in light PA (b = −2.0 min/d; b = −3.2 min/d), but did not change moderate to vigorous PA. The participants reduced their wear time (b = −5.2 min/d) only at the baseline. The intraclass correlations ranged from .42 for accelerometer wear time to .74 for SB. The AMR was not identified as a source of bias in any regression model. Conclusions: AMR may influence SB and PA estimates differentially. Although 7-day accelerometry seems to be a reproducible measure, our findings highlight accelerometer wear time as a crucial confounder in analyzing SB and PA data.
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Lawinger, Elizabeth, Tim L. Uhl, Mark Abel, and Srinath Kamineni. "Assessment of Accelerometers for Measuring Upper-Extremity Physical Activity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0140.

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Objective:The overarching goal of this study was to examine the use of triaxial accelerometers in measuring upper-extremity motions to monitor upper-extremity-exercise compliance. There were multiple questions investigated, but the primary objective was to investigate the correlation between visually observed arm motions and triaxial accelerometer activity counts to establish fundamental activity counts for the upper extremity.Study Design:Cross-sectional, basic research.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:Thirty healthy individuals age 26 ± 6 y, body mass 24 ± 3 kg, and height 1.68 ± 0.09 m volunteered.Intervention:Participants performed 3 series of tasks: activities of daily living (ADLs), rehabilitation exercises, and passive shoulder range of motion at 5 specific velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer while wearing an accelerometer on each wrist. Participants performed exercises with their dominant arm to examine differences between sides. A researcher visually counted all arm motions to correlate counts with physical activity counts provided by the accelerometer.Main Outcome Measure:Physical activity counts derived from the accelerometer and visually observed activity counts recorded from a single investigator.Results:There was a strong positive correlation (r = .93, P < .01) between accelerometer physical activity counts and visual activity counts for all ADLs. Accelerometers activity counts demonstrated side-to-side difference for all ADLs (P < .001) and 5 of the 7 rehabilitation activities (P < .003). All velocities tested on the isokinetic dynamometer were shown to be significantly different from each other (P < .001).Conclusion:There is a linear relationship between arm motions counted visually and the physical activity counts generated by an accelerometer, indicating that arm motions could be potentially accounted for if monitoring arm usage. The accelerometers can detect differences in relatively slow arm-movement velocities, which is critical if attempting to evaluate exercise compliance during early phases of shoulder rehabilitation. These results provide fundamental information that indicates that triaxial accelerometers have the potential to objectively monitor and measure arm activities during rehabilitation and ADLs.
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Arvidsson, Daniel, Mark Fitch, Mark L. Hudes, Catrine Tudor-Locke, and Sharon E. Fleming. "Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, no. 5 (July 2011): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.5.682.

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Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.
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Al-Rawashdeh, Yazan M., and Moustafa Elshafei. "Filtering Techniques for Estimating the Angular Motion Using All-Accelerometers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 829 (March 2016): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.829.103.

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Linear accelerometers can be used to retrieve the angular motion of the body they are attached to if their measurements are handled in an appropriate way. In this paper, an 18-accelerometer configuration is used to facilitate angular motion determination. Various measurement models are investigated where each model utilizes different accelerometers’ measurements. These models are used to build linear and nonlinear filters. The filters performances are evaluated and the associated sign ambiguity problem is solved. It is shown that a norm-constrained Kalman filters bank will give the best results. This work can be used within inertial navigation systems as a replacement of the gyroscopes.
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Jung, Sunah, Haesang Yang, Kiheum Park, Yutaek Seo, and Woojae Seong. "Monitoring Severe Slugging in Pipeline-Riser System Using Accelerometers for Application in Early Recognition." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183930.

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The use of accelerometer signals for early recognition of severe slugging is investigated in a pipeline-riser system conveying an air–water two-phase flow, where six accelerometers are installed from the bottom to the top of the riser. Twelve different environmental conditions are produced by changing water and gas superficial velocities, of which three conditions are stable states and the other conditions are related to severe slugging. For online recognition, simple parameters using statistics and linear prediction coefficients are employed to extract useful features. Binary classification to recognize stable flow and severe slugging is performed using a support vector machine and a neural network. In multiclass classification, the neural network is adopted to identify four flow patterns of stable state, two types of severe slugging, and an irregular transition state between severe slugging and dual-frequency severe slugging. The performance is compared and analyzed according to the signal length for three cases of sensor location: six accelerometers, one accelerometer at the riser base, and one accelerometer at the top of the riser.
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Tomczyk, Krzysztof. "Monte Carlo-Based Procedure for Determining the Maximum Energy at the Output of Accelerometers." Energies 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071552.

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The solutions presented in this paper can be the basis for mutual comparison of different types of accelerometers produced by competing companies. An application of a procedure based on the Monte Carlo method to determine the maximum energy at the output of accelerometers is discussed here. The fixed-point algorithm controlled by the Monte Carlo method is used to determine this energy. This algorithm can only be used for the time-invariant and linear measurement systems. Hence, the accelerometer nonlinearities are not considered here. The mathematical models of the accelerometer and the special filter, represented by the relevant transfer functions, are the basis for the above procedure. Testing results of the voltage-mode accelerometer of type DJB A/1800/V are presented here as an example of an implementation of the solutions proposed. Calculation of the energy was executed in Mathcad 14 program with the built-in Programming Toolbar. The value of the maximum output energy determined for a specified time interval corresponds to the maximum integral-square error of the accelerometer. Such maximum energy can be a comparative ratio just like the accuracy class in the case of instruments used for the static measurements. Hence, the main analytical and technical contributions of this paper concern the development of theoretical procedures and the presentation of their application on the example of a real type of accelerometer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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Rondelli, Marco. "Studio di sistemi di posizionamento inerziale tramite sensori su smartphone." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13050/.

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Il documento è uno studio sui sistemi di posizionamento tramite l'utilizzo dei sensori degli smartphone androida. Inizialmente è presente un'analisi della situazione attuale dei sistemi di posizionamento con il richiamo a sistemi più conosciuti. All'interno è proposto un sistema basato sull'accelerometro che calcola lo spostamento sfruttando un'algoritmo di step-detection e un algoritmo basato sulle formule di fisica. Nel documento è stata descritta l'implementazione dell'applicazione e di tutto il background che ha contribuito alla creazione del sistema.
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Xie, Liguang. "Realistic Motion Estimation Using Accelerometers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43368.

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A challenging goal for both the game industry and the research community of computer graphics is the generation of 3D virtual avatars that automatically perform realistic human motions with high speed at low monetary cost. So far, full body motion estimation of human complexity remains an important open problem. We propose a realistic motion estimation framework to control the animation of 3D avatars. Instead of relying on a motion capture device as the control signal, we use low-cost and ubiquitously available 3D accelerometer sensors. The framework is developed in a data-driven fashion, which includes two phases: model learning from an existing high quality motion database, and motion synthesis from the control signal. In the phase of model learning, we built a high quality motion model of less complexity that learned from a large motion capture database. Then, by taking the 3D accelerometer sensor signal as input, we were able to synthesize high-quality motion from the motion model we learned. In this thesis, we present two different techniques for model learning and motion synthesis, respectively. Linear and nonlinear reduction techniques for data dimensionality are applied to search for the proper low dimensional representation of motion data. Two motion synthesis methods, interpolation and optimization, are compared using the 3D acceleration signals with high noise. We evaluate the result visually compared to the real video and quantitatively compared to the ground truth motion. The system performs well, which makes it available to a wide range of interactive applications, such as character control in 3D virtual environments and occupational training.
Master of Science
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Ankelhed, Daniel, and Lars Stenlind. "Tillståndsskattning i robotmodell med accelerometrar." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-820.

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The purpose of this report is to evaluate different methods for identifying states in robot models. Both linear and non-linear filters exist among these methods and are compared to each other. Advantages, disadvantages and problems that can occur during tuning and running are presented. Additional measurements from accelerometers are added and their use with above mentioned methods for state estimation is evaluated. The evaluation of methods in this report is mainly based on simulations in Matlab, even though some experiments have been performed on laboratory equipment.

The conclusion indicates that simple non-linear models with few states can be more accurately estimated with a Kalman filter than with an extended Kalman filter, as long as only linear measurements are used. When non-linear measurements are used an extended Kalman filteris more accurate than a Kalman filter. Non-linear measurements are introduced through accelerometers with non-linear measurement equations. Using accelerometers generally leads to better state estimation when the measure equations have a simple relation to the model.

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Sarraf, Elie H. "Design, modelling, self-testing and self-calibration of MEMS accelerometers with adaptive and non-linear digital control." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44745.

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Bergenblad, Jonas. "Validation study of a portable accelerometer to measure muscular power output : Correlation between the Beast Sensor and the linear encoder MuscleLab." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34823.

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Abstract Background: The ability to produce a high power output can be the deciding factor in determining which athlete wins or loses in a sporting event. Power output can be measured in an exercise like the squat or bench press. The use of a force plate, or a force plate paired with a linear position transducer is considered the gold standard when measuring power output in an exercise like the squat or bench press. Linear position transducers or linear encoders have also been considered valid methods. Power output can also be measured by accelerometers. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the concurrent validity of the accelerometer Beast Sensor by measuring average power in explosive squatting and bench pressing at 40 % and 80 % of one repetition maximum (1RM). The linear encoder MuscleLab was used as criterion. Methods: 17 test subjects, five women and 12 men (average age 28 years) were recruited. Fifteen of the subjects completed two test sessions. The first session determined their 1RM. The second session took place 7-14 days later and measured average power output during two sets of three repetitions at 40 % and 80 % of the subjects 1RM in explosive squats and bench presses. The average power output of the repetitions was measured simultaneously by Beast Sensor and MuscleLab. For the Beast Sensor to be considered valid, a correlation coefficient of 0.9 or higher needed to be reached. Results: Beast Sensor demonstrated high or very high correlations with MuscleLab for average power output of explosive squats at 40 % of 1RM (rs = 0.91), and for explosive bench presses at 40 % (rs = 0.86) and 80 % of 1RM (rs = 0.74). However, for explosive squats at 80 % of 1RM, the correlation was low (rs = 0.42). All correlations were statistically significant with p-values of < 0.01. Beast Sensor was considered valid for squats at 40 % of 1RM, but neither at 80 % of 1RM in squats, nor at 40 % or 80 % of 1RM in bench presses. Conclusion: Beast Sensor showed high or very high correlations with the criterion MuscleLab in three of the four assessed data variables. Only the correlation for average power output of the explosive squats at 40 % of the subject’s 1RM reached the required correlation coefficient of 0.9 or higher for the Beast Sensor to be considered valid. Except for at 40 % of 1RM in squats, Beast Sensor missed a substantial amount of repetitions. Further studies examining the reliability of the Beast Sensor are therefore needed.
Abstrakt Bakgrund: Förmågan att producera hög effektutveckling (power) kan avgöra vilken idrottare som vinner eller förlorar en tävling. Effektutveckling kan mätas i övningar som knäböj och bänkpress. Detta kan göras med hjälp av en kraftplatta, eller en kraftplatta parad med en linear position transducer. Dessa metoder anses vara ”gold standard”, men linear position transducers eller linear encoders har också ansetts vara valida metoder. Effektutveckling kan även mätas med hjälp av en accelerometer. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att mäta samtidig validitet hos accelerometern Beast Sensor genom att mäta genomsnittlig effektutveckling i explosiva knäböj och bänkpressar vid 40 % och 80 % av en repetition max (1RM). MuscleLab, en linear encoder, användes som referensvärde.  Metod: 17 försökspersoner, fem kvinnor och tolv män (medelålder 28 år) rekryterades. Femton av försökspersonerna fullföljde deltagande. Vid det första testtillfället mättes 1RM. Det andra tillfället ägde rum 7-14 dagar senare och mätte genomsnittlig effektutveckling i explosiva knäböj och bänkpressar vid 40 % och 80 % av försökspersonernas uppmätta 1RM. Två set av tre repetitioner mättes vid 40 % och 80 % av 1RM i både knäböj och bänkpress. Repetitionerna mättes samtidigt av MuscleLab och Beast Sensor. För att Beast Sensor skulle anses vara valid behövde en korrelationskoefficient på 0.9 eller högre uppnås. Resultat: Beast Sensor uppvisade höga eller väldigt höga korrelationer med MuscleLab för genomsnittlig effektutveckling i explosiva knäböj vid 40 % av 1RM (rs = 0.91) och explosiva bänkpressar vid 40 % (rs = 0.86) och 80 % av 1RM (rs = 0.74). Dock uppmättes en låg korrelation för de explosiva knäböjen vid 80 % av 1RM (rs = 0.42). Alla korrelationer var statistiskt signifikanta med p-värden på < 0.01. Beast Sensor ansågs vara valid för att mäta effektutveckling vid 40 % av 1RM i knäböj, men varken vid 80 % av 1RM i knäböj, eller vid 40 % eller 80 % av 1RM i bänkpressar. Slutsats: Beast Sensor visade höga eller väldigt höga korrelationer med referensvärdet från MuscleLab för tre av de fyra uppmätta variablerna. Endast korrelationen för genomsnittlig effektutveckling i explosiva knäböj vid 40 % av 1RM uppnådde den korrelationskoefficient på 0.9 eller högre som krävdes för att Beast Sensor skulle anses vara valid. Förutom vid 40 % av 1RM i knäböj, missade Beast Sensor en väsentlig andel repetitioner. Därför finns det ett behov av fler studier som undersöker reliabiliteten hos Beast Sensor.
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Elnady, Maged Elsaid. "On-shaft vibration measurement using a MEMS accelerometer for faults diagnosis in rotating machines." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/onshaft-vibration-measurement-using-a-mems-accelerometer-for-faults-diagnosis-in-rotating-machines(cf9b9848-972d-49ff-a6b0-97bef1ad0e93).html.

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The healthy condition of a rotating machine leads to safe and cheap operation of almost all industrial facilities and mechanical systems. To achieve such a goal, vibration-based condition monitoring has proved to be a well-accepted technique that detects incipient fault symptoms. The conventional way of On-Bearing Vibration Measurement (OBVM) captures symptoms of different faults, however, it requires a relatively expensive setup, an additional space for the auxiliary devices and cabling in addition to an experienced analyst. On-Shaft Vibration Measurement (OSVM) is an emerging method proposed to offer more reliable Faults Diagnosis (FD) tools with less number of sensors, minimal processing time and lower system and maintenance costs. The advancement in sensor and wireless communications technologies enables attaching a MEMS accelerometer with a miniaturised wireless data acquisition unit directly to the rotor without altering the machine dynamics. In this study, OSVM is analysed during constant speed and run-up operations of a test rig. The observations showed response modulation, hence, a Finite Element (FE) analysis has been carried out to help interpret the experimental observations. The FE analysis confirmed that the modulation is due to the rotary motion of the on-shaft sensor. A demodulation method has been developed to solve this problem. The FD capability of OSVM has been compared to that of OBVM using conventional analysis where the former provided more efficient diagnosis with less number of sensors. To incorporate more features, a method has been developed to diagnose faults based on Principal Component Analysis and Nearest Neighbour classifier. Furthermore, the method is enhanced using Linear Discriminant Analysis to do the diagnosis without the need for a classifier. Another faults diagnosis method has been developed that ensures the generalisation of extracted faults features from OSVM data of a specific machine to similar machines mounted on different foundations.
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Malmlöf, Erik, and Ola Scholander. "Reglering av veka strukturer med multipla sensorer." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1640.

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In this master thesis, control algoritms using arm side sensors are investigated for an industrial robot. The sensors can be position encoders placed after the gearbox and accelerometers on the robot arms. Control strategies are discussed and evaluated for different models of the robot, after which chosen strategies are applied to a realistic model.

Control algoritms using arm side sensors (LQ, dual-loop and PD-PID) are compared to a PID-controller that only uses measurements of motor position for feedback control. The comparison are done with respect to disturbance rejection, oscillation damping, robustness and tracking performance of a reference trajectory.

Results from tests with the realistic robot modell shows that disturbance rejection was improved a factor 2 to 5 while tracking performance was improved a factor 4 to 5 according to maximum deviation from the reference path. At the same time good re-sults are achieved regarding oscillation damping and robustness.

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Bhatia, Rachit. "Revolution in Autonomous Orbital Navigation (RAON)." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7676.

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Spacecraft navigation is a critical component of any space mission. Space navigation uses on-board sensors and other techniques to determine the spacecraft’s current position and velocity, with permissible accuracy. It also provides requisite information to navigate to a desired position, while following the desired trajectory. Developments in technology have resulted in new techniques of space navigation. However, inertial navigation systems have consistently been the bedrock for space navigation. Recently, the successful space mission GOCE used on-board gravity gradiometer for mapping Earth’s gravitational field. This has motivated the development of new techniques like cold atom accelerometers, to create ultra-sensitive gravity gradiometers, specifically suited for space applications, including autonomous orbital navigation. This research aims to highlight the existing developments in the field of gravity gradiometry and its potential space navigation applications. The study aims to use the Linear Covariance Theory to determine specific sensor requirements to enable autonomous space navigation for different flight regimes.
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Olovsson, Ståhl Elias, and Pontus Öhrner. "Concurrent validity of an inertial sensor for measuring muscle mechanical properties." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173423.

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Background: The usage of the Force-Velocity relationship for individualizing training regimes for athletes has increased in popularity. This can be done through measurements of muscle mechanical properties and creating individual force-velocity profiles. To do this, one must use valid and reliable test equipment. These types of equipment are often expensive and impractical, which limits the usage to a small population with the right financial means. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the inertial sensor Vmaxpro for measuring muscle mechanical properties. Method: 52 male ice-hockey players (age:17.9 ± 2.2 years, body weight: 77.7 ± 10.6 kg, height: 180.3 ± 6.2 cm) participated in this study and performed two jumps each on four different loading conditions (unloaded, 25, 50 and 75% of BW). The jumps were recorded simultaneously with an inertial sensor and a linear transducer. Three different variables were analyzed: peak velocity (pV), average velocity (avgV) and average power (avgP). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), linear regression analysis, Bland-Altman analysis, and standard error of estimate (SEE) was used to examine the concurrent validity. Results: The results showed a strong correlation, agreement and small SEE for pV: r=0.98, bias = -0.12, SEE = 0.08, for avgV: r=0.98 bias = 0.01, SEE = 0.04 and for avgP: r = 0.97, bias = 30.94, SEE = 73.47. Practical application: The results from the present study indicate that the Vmaxpro can be used for assessing muscle mechanical properties. Furthermore, since the Vmaxpro is both cheap and portable, it can potentially expand the usage of test equipment to clubs and associations with limited budgets.
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Šepronas, Marius. "Tiesiaeigio žingsninio variklio jėgų tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090626_080729-31755.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos statinės ir dinaminės jėgos veikiančios tiesiaeigiame žingsniniame variklyje (TŽV). Apžvelgiami žingsninių variklių tipai, jų savybės ir charakteristikos. Analizuojamos variklio postūmio ir traukos jėgos bei matematinio modelio sudarymas. Tiriamojoje dalyje tiesiaeigiuose žingsniniuose varikliuose veikiančios jėgos tiriamos sudarant matematinius modelius, visi skaičiavimai atlikti naudojant programinį paketą MATHCAD. Ekperimento metu gautų rezultatų apdorojimui naudojamas programinis paketas DynaMax. Gautos statinės jėgos dedamųjų Fx, veikiančios išilgai judėjimo krypties, ir Fy, veikiančios vertikaliąja ašimi, priklausomybės nuo polių postūmio danties atžvilgiu, keičiant įvairius parametus (poliaus ir danties pločių santykį, magnetinę įtampą, oro tarpą). Taip pat atlikti tyrimai, parodantys kaip kinta dinaminė jėga, esant skirtingoms apvijos maitinimo įtampoms. Teoriniai skaičiavimai palyginti su eksperimentiniais tyrimo rezultatais. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius matavimus pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, teorinė dalis, tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūra, priedai. Darbo apimtis – 70 psl. teksto be priedų, 45 iliustr., 14 lent., 14 bibliografiniai šaltiniai, 11 internetinių prieigų. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai.
At the final Master's work dealt with the static and dynamic forces acting linear stepper motor (LSM). Overview of types of stepping motors, their properties and characteristics. Examines the push and pull the engine and the power of the mathematical model. The exploratory part of rectilineal stepping motors operating in the force under investigation for the mathematical models, all calculations performed using the software package MathCAD. Experimentation of the results of treatment using the software package DynaMax. The resulting static force added Fx, acting along the direction of movement, and the Fy in the vertical axis of dependence on the poles pull the tooth, the modification of various parameters (polarity, and the tooth width ratio, magnetic tension, the air space). Studies also showing changes in dynamic forces at different supply voltage windings. Theoretical calculations compared with experimental test results. The examination of the theoretical and practical measurements are presented on the final conclusions and proposals. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, searching part, conclusions and suggestions, references, appendix. Thesis consist of: 70 p. text without extras, 45 pictures, 14 tables, 14 bibliographical entries and 11 internet entries. Appendixes included.
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Books on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society. Gyro and Accelerometer Panel., IEEE-SA Standards Board, American National Standards Institute, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. IEEE recommended practice for precision centrifuge testing of linear accelerometers. New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2001.

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE Recommended Practice for Precision Centrifuge Testing of Linear Accelerometers (Ansi). Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1997.

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IEEE Standard Specification Format Guide and Test Procedure for Linear, Single-Axis, Non-Gyroscopic Accelerometers. Inst of Elect & Electronic, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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Yamamoto, Y., K. Jikuya, T. Nakamura, T. Kusuhara, H. Michinishi, and T. Okamoto. "Precise Measurement System for Knee Joint Motions at Pendulum Test Using Accelerometer – Detection of Angular Acceleration by Two Linear Accelerometers–." In IFMBE Proceedings, 165–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03882-2_43.

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Yu, Zhengyu, Zenon Chaczko, and Jiajia Shi. "Low Cost Wireless Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems Accelerometers Linear Sensor Model." In Smart Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 156–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32861-0_11.

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"linear accelerometer." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 803. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_121526.

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Onodera, Ryoji, and Nobuharu Mimur. "6-DOF Motion Sensor System Using Multiple Linear Accelerometers." In Humanoid Robots. InTech, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/6731.

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Yamamoto, Yoshitake, Kazuaki Jikuya, Toshimasa Kusuhara, Takao Nakamura, Hiroyuki Michinishi, and Takuji Okamoto. "Precise Measurement System for Knee Joint Motion During the Pendulum Test Using Two Linear Accelerometers." In Advanced Topics in Measurements. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/37468.

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Conference papers on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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Lee, Seung-Jae, and Dong-Woo Cho. "Fabrication of a Micro-Opto-Mechanical Accelerometer Based on Intensity Modulation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41239.

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Accelerometers are most frequently used to monitor machining states, and are therefore crucial for automated and unmanned plant operations. In such a harsh environment, micro-accelerometers based on optical methods can be effective. This paper presents a new type of micro-opto-mechanical accelerometer that was developed using a combination of new technologies, such as deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), micro-stereolithography, and intensity modulation. The advantages of intensity modulation include the simplicity of the detection principle and the lack of a requirement for a high-quality light source. This paper reports the design of two types of micro-accelerometer using the finite element method. Experiments showed that the fabricated micro-accelerometers had resonant frequencies of approximately 2 and 10 kHz, with suitable linear ranges and sensitivities. The developed micro-opto-mechanical accelerometers can thus be used for various practical purposes, including machining state monitoring in automated and unmanned plant operations.
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Juhas, Brett D., Jessica M. Wong, Nicole J. Boroumand, and Paul H. Rigby. "Semi-Rigid Helmet Rotation Measurement Using Linear Accelerometers." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64677.

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The number of sensors placed on warfighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to increase each year. It is important to be able to accurately measure the dynamic response of PPE in order to characterize new sensors that are meant to track warfighter movement. In an effort to help predict head motion, a method has been developed to accurately measure the angular and linear acceleration of a semi-rigid helmet using four triaxial linear accelerometers. This four-accelerometer array configuration is based on the 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer package (NAP) method and was tailored to accurately measure the helmet response during impact and blast overpressure events. Method development and testing were performed using U.S. Army Advanced Combat Helmets. Since angular motion calculation using the NAP method requires orthogonal sensor placement, it was necessary to revise the standard NAP sensor configuration to account for the geometric constraints of a helmet. Modal analysis was performed to determine the locations of least vibration, and shock tube and drop tests were conducted to investigate helmet flex during impacts. Knowledge concerning the dominant vibration modes of the helmet guided accelerometer placement and helped mitigate the effects of sensor data oscillation on the calculated angular motion. Local helmet deformation strongly depends on the impact site; several accelerometer array configurations were developed to account for various impact directions. Linear accelerations were measured and angular accelerations were calculated for guided free drop and shock tube tests in the laboratory. In guided free drop tests, the helmet and headform were dropped onto an anvil at various velocities and were allowed to freely bounce after impact. In shock tube tests, the helmet and headform were allowed to swing freely when subjected to a high shock wave simulating an IED blast. The modified NAP method was able to accurately measure the linear and angular acceleration of the helmet for both types of tests. The angular motion calculation was validated using a high-speed video camera recording the helmet response at 10,000 frames per second. Results were also compared to angular rate sensors available on the market. It was determined that with a detailed understanding of a semi-rigid body’s vibration and proper placement of linear accelerometers, angular acceleration during high-shock impacts can be accurately calculated for semi-rigid, irregular shaped objects. This accelerometer placement method has been applied to several other military grade helmets and been used in models predicting head motion from helmet motion data.
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Chapsky, Vladimir, Vladimir Portman, and Ben-Zion Sandler. "6-DOF Single-Inertial Mass, Isotropic Accelerometer With Optical Displacement Sensors." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95121.

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A novel design of high isotropy single mass six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) accelerometer has been developed and investigated. In the accelerometer, six spatial coordinates (three linear and three angular) of the inertial mass and their derivatives are observed by simple measurement of linear displacements of six optimally chosen points of the inertial mass. Calculation of the six acceleration components is then possible according to a specially developed mathematical algorithm. To provide the isotropy of the device’s sensitivity and to achieve the accuracy in the measurement of the linear and angular accelerations, three subsystems of the device — inertial, suspension, and measurement subsystems — have a spatially symmetrical structure. To provide the symmetrical structure of the inertial subsystem, the proof mass is manufactured from uniform material and has a cubic shape. All structural cavities in this cube (light guides and a light source cavity) are symmetrical relative to three coordinate axes. To provide the symmetry of suspension subsystem 24 elastic supports (springs) are mounted by three in all vertexes of the cube in the directions of X-, Y- and Z-axes. The springs have the same dimensions and stiffness. The damping elements (the rubber insets) are inserted into the springs. They are made of the same material and have the identical dimension. The measurement subsystem consists of six differential optical displacement sensors and the light source which is mounted in the center of the cube. Each optical sensor is based on three-component position-sensitive detectors (PSD) of a segmented type. This design ensures output signals that are independent of fluctuations in light source brightness and of optical and electromagnetic interferences. Optical sensors are mounted on the frame of the accelerometer and situated symmetrically opposite to the centers of the square faces of the cube. Six orts of measurement directions form three orthogonal pairs. The experimental model of isotropic 6-DOF accelerometer with differential optical measurement subsystem is manufactured, adjusted and tested. For this purpose the experimental apparatus consisting of the stand with standard accelerometers and computer-controlled data gathering and analysis system (multi-channel amplifier, analog-digital converter and LabView software system) is developed. The preliminary experiment results show that proposed device has high level of signal isotropy and it is hoped to have a good perspective for industrial application were it can replace the complex gyroscopic and combined multi-axis devices.
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Ibrahim, Mahmoud I., and Mohammad I. Younis. "Enhancing the Sensitivity of a Resonant Accelerometer." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67544.

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This paper presents an investigation on the sensitivity enhancement of a resonant accelerometer by operating it in the nonlinear regime. The accelerometer is excited by a DC load superimposed to an AC harmonic load. The electric load is tuned such that the accelerometer is driven at primary resonance with a softening-type behavior. Upon the application of a small acceleration, the nonlinear resonance frequency of the accelerometer shifts to a smaller value. This frequency shift is used as an indication for the detected acceleration. This shift is much larger compared to the shift of the resonance frequency of the accelerometer when operating in the linear regime. The concept of the nonlinear excitation is demonstrated by simulation on a commercial capacitive accelerometer. A nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is used to model the accelerometer. Several results are shown for the effect of the DC and AC voltages on enhancing the sensitivity of the accelerometer.
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Dalena, F., G. Roselli, and P. Flora. "A Three-Axis Low-g Ultracompact Linear Accelerometer." In Proceedings of the 11th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793393_0059.

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Middelburg, L. M., B. El Mansouri, Rene Poelma, G. Q. Zhang, Henk Van Zeijl, and Jia Wei. "Non-Linear Bulk Micromachined Accelerometer for High Sensitivity Applications." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589630.

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En Wei Huang and Li Chen Fu. "Gesture stroke recognition using computer vision and linear accelerometer." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813355.

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Bai, Yanping, Ping An, and Yilong Hao. "Failure Modes Model of MEMS Accelerometers Based on Neural Networks." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70104.

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Fabrication of a MEMS system involves design, testing, packaging and reliability related issues. However, reliability issues that are discovered at a late phase may cause major delays in the product development going together with high costs. In this paper we study the failure modes and Mechanisms of MEMS accelerometers products and present the classification modeling of failure modes based on neural networks. In ours MEMS accelerometers, there are six failure mechanisms that have been found to be the primary sources of failure nodes. We introduce nonlinear BP network with a hidden layer and linear perception to classify for MEMS accelerometers products. Classification results show that nonlinear BP network seem to be most appropriate to approach the problem of failure modes classification than linear perception. BP neural network is capable of learning the intrinsic relations of the patterns with which they were trained. For all experiments results, the training success of rate is 100% for both methods. BP networks obtained a high forecast success of rate of over 99.5%. The linear perception model obtained a success of rate of over 95.5%. We also analyze the technology stability of MEMS products.
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Kalyonov, Vladimir, Andrey Korlyakov, and Aleksandr Vaigachev. "Accelerometer based on non-linear micromechanical transformer with frequency output." In 2014 IEEE NW Russia Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (ElConRusNW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elconrusnw.2014.6839209.

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Algrain, Marcelo C., Richard M. Powers, and Mark K. Woehrer. "Extended-bandwidth spacecraft attitude determination using gyros and linear accelerometers." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Paul B. Hays and Jinxue Wang. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.256124.

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Reports on the topic "Accelerometro lineare"

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Clark, G. Angular and Linear Velocity Estimation for a Re-Entry Vehicle Using Six Distributed Accelerometers: Theory, Simulation and Feasibility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15004928.

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