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Journal articles on the topic 'Accents and accentuations'
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1
Dimitrova, Diana V., Laurie A. Stowe, Gisela Redeker, and John C. J. Hoeks. "Less Is Not More: Neural Responses to Missing and Superfluous Accents in Context." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 12 (December 2012): 2400–2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00302.
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Prosody, particularly accent, aids comprehension by drawing attention to important elements such as the information that answers a question. A study using ERP registration investigated how the brain deals with the interpretation of prosodic prominence. Sentences were embedded in short dialogues and contained accented elements that were congruous or incongruous with respect to a preceding question. In contrast to previous studies, no explicit prosodic judgment task was added. Robust effects of accentuation were evident in the form of an “accent positivity” (200–500 msec) for accented elements irrespective of their congruity. Our results show that incongruously accented elements, that is, superfluous accents, activate a specific set of neural systems that is inactive in case of incongruously unaccented elements, that is, missing accents. Superfluous accents triggered an early positivity around 100 msec poststimulus, followed by a right-lateralized negative effect (N400). This response suggests that redundant information is identified immediately and leads to the activation of a neural system that is associated with semantic processing (N400). No such effects were found when contextually expected accents were missing. In a later time window, both missing and superfluous accents triggered a late positivity on midline electrodes, presumably related to making sense of both kinds of mismatching stimuli. These results challenge previous findings of greater processing for missing accents and suggest that the natural processing of prosody involves a set of distinct, temporally organized neural systems.
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Poudrier, Ève. "The Influence of Rate and Accentuation on Subjective Rhythmization." Music Perception 38, no. 1 (September 2020): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.38.1.27.
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The parsing of undifferentiated tone sequences into groups of qualitatively distinct elements is one of the earliest rhythmic phenomena to have been investigated experimentally (Bolton, 1894). The present study aimed to replicate and extend these findings through online experimentation using a spontaneous grouping paradigm with forced-choice response (from 1 to 12 tones per group). Two types of isochronous sequences were used: equitone sequences, which varied only with respect to signal rate (200, 550, or 950 ms interonset intervals), and accented sequences, in which accents were added every two or three tones to test the effect of induced grouping (duple vs. triple) and accent type (intensity, duration, or pitch). In equitone sequences, participants’ grouping percepts (N = 4,194) were asymmetrical and tempo-dependent, with “no grouping” and groups of four being most frequently reported. In accented sequences, slower rate, induced triple grouping, and intensity accents correlated with increases in group length. Furthermore, the probability of observing a mixed metric type—that is, grouping percepts divisible by both two and three (6 and 12)—was found to be highest in faster sequences with induced triple grouping. These findings suggest that lower-level triple grouping gives rise to binary grouping percepts at higher metrical levels.
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SIMARD, MICHEL, and ALEXANDRE DESLAURIERS. "Real-time automatic insertion of accents in French text." Natural Language Engineering 7, no. 2 (June 2001): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002650.
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Automatic Accent Insertion (AAI) is the problem of re-inserting accents (diacritics) into a text where they are missing. Unaccented French texts are still quite common in electronic media, as a result of a long history of character encoding problems and the lack of well-established conventions for typing accented characters on computer keyboards. An AAI method for French is presented, based on a statistical language model. Next, it is shown how this AAI method can be used to do real-time accent insertions within a word processing environment, making it possible to type in French without having to type accents. Various mechanisms are proposed to improve the performance of real-time AAI, by exploiting online corrections made by the user. Experiments show that, on average, such a system produces less than one accentuation error for every 200 words typed.
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Kaminsky, A. M., and M. A. Gubin. "THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPECTS IN THE COMMISSION OF BRIBERY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 5 (November 12, 2020): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-5-729-733.
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The article states that the identification of features of the psychological and social portrait of the criminal personality allows us to identify important accents of the behavioral characteristics of the suspect, which will contribute to the effectiveness of the preparation and conduct of forensic activities. The authors of the article substantiate that criminology with the help of criminalistics identifies and describes a certain set of typological socially significant and psychological properties, personality qualities that determine the initiation of illegal behavior, which is implemented when committing an act of bribery. The article highlights the factors that affect the style of behavior of a person during a search at the investigation of the act of giving a bribe, and also formulates provisions based on the correct interpretation of the behavior of a bribe taker. The authors analyze the fundamental recommendations in the research area, which are supported by multiple practical and operational experience, which allows us to obtain positive results when analyzing the behavior of a person during a search necessary to investigate the commission of bribery. The main conclusion is that in order to correctly plan the sequence of actions criminalistically, it is important to delve deeply into the criminological aspects of psychology and features of the analysis of specific criminal behavior, taking into account the affectology of reactions and character accentuations.
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Lundquist, Jesse. "On the Accentuation of Vedic -ti-Abstracts." Indo-European Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2015): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00301006.
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This paper offers a new explanation for the barytone and oxytone accents attested for the Vedic -ti-stems. The two accents are commonly taken to derive from separate reflexes of a once unified proterokinetic paradigm, and it is against this account I will propose the divergence is instead chronological: oxytones belong to the oldest layer of the Vedas, barytones to the younger. The diachronic change we observe occurs within the Vedic period, and is localized to the accentual properties associated with the suffix -ti-. Our philological analysis of the -ti-stems across Vedic texts will support the “compositional approach” championed recently by Kiparsky (2010) and Kümmel (2014) against previous approaches. Finally, I will suggest answers to the question of how the accentual properties of -ti- changed based on recent research into the lexical phonology of accent systems.
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Ragaišienė, Vilija. "Tendencies of the accentuation of adjectives in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s in the West Aukštaitians of Kaunas." Lietuvių kalba, no. 14 (June 10, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22463.
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The article analyses the dialectal material collected in the area of the West Aukštaitian of the Kaunas subdialect in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s at the Dialect Archive of the Geolinguistic Centre of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. Based on the data in written sources the goal is to describe the peculiarities of the accentuation of the West Aukštaitian adjectives of this period and to discuss the tendencies of their accentuation. The stress of the singular forms of the disyllabic u-stem adjectives of the masculine gender may have come down from old times. Maintaining the root accent of these forms is related to the forms the neuter gender of the stressed stem (suñku, šviẽsu) and the adjectives of the old o-stem (suñkas : suñkus).The pronunciation of polysyllabic adjectives in the West Aukštaitian subdialect of Kaunas is characterized by different accent tendencies. The accentuation of the derivatives with the suffix -inis, -ė varies most of the polysyllabic adjectives analysed in the article. More than a third of them are accented by two accentual paradigms – they have accentual parallel forms of the first and second accent paradigms. The accentuation of the derivatives with the suffixes -inis, -ė is only partly related to the accentuation of the root words. The accentuation of the adjectives discussed in the researched subdialects tends to be generalized by the second accent paradigm. The derivatives with the suffixes -ėtas, -a regardless of the accentuation of the root words, are usually accented by the second accent paradigm, cf. molétas, -a (: mólis 1), pūslétas, -a (: pūslẽ 4). Only the accent of the derivatives with the suffixes -uotas, -a can be linked to the accentuation status of the root words, cf. langúotas, -a (: lángas 3).The author of the article is of the opinion that the accentual variance of parallel derivatives with suffixes could have been determined not by one factor, but by a set of factors. The appearance of accentual variants is linked to semantics, the accentual and semantic model of two plurals and the accentual variance of the root words and is explained by the stress analogy of the same type of word formation.
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Gussenhoven, Carlos. "The English Rhythm Rule as an accent deletion rule." Phonology 8, no. 1 (May 1991): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700001263.
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In order to account for the accentual and rhythmical structure of English, a binary-branching prosodic constituent structur is assumed, in which minimally the syllable and the foot must be headed. Feet are potentially marked as accented. This representation makes it possible to describe the prominence patterns of word groups as resulting from three accent deletion rules, the Compound Rule, the Initial Accent Deletion Rule and the Rhythm Rule. It was shown that the structural change effected by Initial Accent Deletion cannot be expressed in theories which represent stress as a relative concept. Moreover, this rule, which like the Compound rule is a lexical rule, provided evidence for the existence of a stratum in the lexical phonology of English in which compounding and so-called ClassII derivation take place. The Rhythm Rule is a postlexical rule, which was shown to apply to the output of the other two rules. Without the aid of any conditions or constraints, it accounted effortlessly for the stress-shift data presented in the recent literature. It could moreover be shown that apparent cases of stress shift in unaccented speech (in which the Rhythm Rule does not apply) should not in fact be viewed as the output of any stress-shift rule at all, but should be explained as the effect of preboundary lengthening as applying to the different constituents in the prosodic hierarchy. It was argued that an analysis of sentence accentuation whereby focused constituents have to be assigned accents can run into problems that do not exist in a ‘deaccenting’ analysis, in which nonfocused constituents are deprived of their accents. Finally, it was argued that English, unlike Dutch, lacks phonological rules that refer to primary word stress, and that, at best, primary stress may reveal itself in low-level timing distinctions.
8
Bouvet, Cécile J., Benoît G. Bardy, Peter E. Keller, Simone Dalla Bella, Sylvie Nozaradan, and Manuel Varlet. "Accent-induced Modulation of Neural and Movement Patterns during Spontaneous Synchronization to Auditory Rhythms." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 12 (December 2020): 2260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01605.
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Human rhythmic movements spontaneously synchronize with auditory rhythms at various frequency ratios. The emergence of more complex relationships—for instance, frequency ratios of 1:2 and 1:3—is enhanced by adding a congruent accentuation pattern (binary for 1:2 and ternary for 1:3), resulting in a 1:1 movement–accentuation relationship. However, this benefit of accentuation on movement synchronization appears to be stronger for the ternary pattern than for the binary pattern. Here, we investigated whether this difference in accent-induced movement synchronization may be related to a difference in the neural tracking of these accentuation profiles. Accented and control unaccented auditory sequences were presented to participants who concurrently produced finger taps at their preferred frequency, and spontaneous movement synchronization was measured. EEG was recorded during passive listening to each auditory sequence. The results revealed that enhanced movement synchronization with ternary accentuation was accompanied by enhanced neural tracking of this pattern. Larger EEG responses at the accentuation frequency were found for the ternary pattern compared with the binary pattern. Moreover, the amplitude of accent-induced EEG responses was positively correlated with the magnitude of accent-induced movement synchronization across participants. Altogether, these findings show that the dynamics of spontaneous auditory–motor synchronization is strongly driven by the multi-time-scale sensory processing of auditory rhythms, highlighting the importance of considering neural responses to rhythmic sequences for understanding and enhancing synchronization performance.
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Hualde, José Ignacio. "On The Historical Origin of Basque Accentuation." Diachronica 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 13–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.10.1.03hua.
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SUMMARY From a diachronic point of view, the study of Basque accentuation presents the problem of accounting for the very different accentual systems that are found nowadays within the Basque-speaking territory. Whereas in a large central area there is no contrastive word accent, systems with phonologically distinctive accentuation are found both in eastern and western regions. The accentual systems of some western varieties are especially complex and are shown to rely on an opposition between accented or preaccenting and unaccented morphemes. In this paper, it is argued that all present-day accentual systems can be derived from an earlier common stage lacking contrastive accentuation and, in particular, that the western system arose as a result of a rule of compound accentuation; contrastive accent being reinforced by the adoption of large numbers of Latin and Romance loanwords with their original accentual pattern. RÉSUMÉ Du point de vue diachronique, l'étude de l'accent de la langue basque a pour objet de rendre compte de la diversité des systèmes actuels existant aujourd'hui au pays basque. Alors que dans la plus grande partie de ce dernier il n'y a pas d'accent contrastif, les parler occidentaux et orientaux offrent des systèmes où l'accent de mot est phonologiquement distinctif. Particulièrement complexes, les systèmes accentuels de certains parlers occidentaux se fondent sur une distinction entre morphèmes accentués ou préaccentuants et morphèmes inaccentués. On soutient que tous les systèmes accentuels du basque peuvent venir d'un état commun antérieur sans accent contrastif, et que le système occidental en particulier résulte de l'accentuation des composés, renforcée par l'adoption d'une grande quantité d'emprunts latins et romans avec leur accentuation originelle. ZUSAMENFASSUNG Aus diakronischer Sicht bringt das Studium des baskischen Akzents das Problem mit sich, die ziemlich verschiedenen Akzentuierungssysteme, die man heutzutage innerhalb des Baskisch-sprechenden Gebiets vorfindet, zu erklären. Während es nämlich im Zentalgebiet keinen kontrastiven Wortakzent gibt, trifft man sowohl in den östlichen als auch in den westlichen Gebieten Systeme an, die eine phonologisch distinktive Akzentuation kennen. Die Akzentsysteme ei-niger westlicher Varietäten sind besonders komplex und erweisen sich als sol-che, die auf einer Opposition zwischen akzentuierten oder vorakzentuierten und unbetonten Morphemen beruhen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Behaup-tung aufgestellt, daß alle gegenwärtigen Akzentsysteme von einem friiheren gemeinsamen Stadium abgeleitet werden konnen, die noch ohne kontrastiven Akzent war, und daß insbesondere die westlichen Systeme sich aus einer Regel der Akzentuierung zusammengesetzter Wörter herleiten und daß der kontrastive Akzent durch die Hineinnahme einer großen Anzahl lateinischer und roma-nischer Lehnwörter zusammen mit ihrem ursprunglichen Akzentmustern ver-starkt worden sei.
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Yates, Anthony D. "Anatolian Default Accentuation and Its Diachronic Consequences." Indo-European Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2015): 145–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00301002.
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This paper adduces evidence for and attempts to phonologically motivate a pattern of descriptive “retraction” of surface word accent in the Anatolian languages. It is proposed that the innovative accentual peak ( ictus ) in the relevant forms is due to Anatolian Default Accentuation , which applies when no constituent morpheme in a prosodic word is lexically specified as accented and assigns ictus to its leftmost syllable. Diachronic prosodic change is shown to result from the interaction of various morphophonological developments and the stable operation of this default accentual principle, whose effects in Hittite, Palaic, and Luwian require its reconstruction for Proto-Anatolian. Furthermore, the Anatolian evidence is argued to support Kiparsky and Halle’s (1977) reconstruction of the same default principle for Proto-Indo-European on the basis of Vedic Sanskrit and Balto-Slavic evidence.
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Walls, Kimberly C. "Effects of Intensity and Age on Perception of Accent in Isochronous Sequences of a Snare Drum Timbre." Journal of Research in Music Education 42, no. 1 (April 1994): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345335.
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Musical expression is often dependent upon accentuation, yet there is little research in the perception of dynamic accent in music and its relationship to intensity just noticeable differences (JNDs). This experiment estimated relationships among (a) accent limen (AL), (b) difference limen (DL), and (c) the ages of the nonmusician female subjects (N = 51). The AL was the intensity increment producing 80 % correct criteria in subjects' perceptions of single accented tones embedded xvithin seven-tone isochronous series. The unaccented tones were identical-timbre 87-dB(A) digitally produced snare drum sounds. The DL was the intensity difference in tone pairs that produced a 75% correct criterion. The relationship between AL and DL was not significant [F(1, 48) = 5.505, p = .197]. The relationship between AL and age was significant [F(1, 48) = 5.732, p = .021], suggesting that the amount of intensity change required for perception of intensity accentuation in musical set-I tings (especially by children) should be larger than the DL.
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Kobyrynka, Halyna. "The problem of accentologic terminology." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-11.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the stages of putting into the scientific circulation and the functioning of accentological terminology in the Ukrainian linguistic area. The sources of the study are the ancient Ukrainian grammars and theoretical works about accent. The article focuses on how researchers perceived and understood such a complex phenomenon as an accent since the XVI century, because the development of the terminology base also depends on this; on which terms the phenomena of the words accentuation in the ancient Ukrainian grammars are marked and their further functioning in the Ukrainian linguistic area is analyzed. This period of time is chosen, because the accent in the ancient Ukrainian written monuments is used from the XVI century. It is noted that in each period of linguistics development the accentology was interpreted differently by researchers: as a separate part of grammar; as a separate part of linguistics; as a part of phonetics; as a supersegment unit; as a component of morphology. In grammar works of middle XX – beginning XXI centuries verbal accent is analyzed in phonetic and morphological aspects; attention is paid to the interdependence of accent and phonetic processes with morphological peculiarities of word changing. As the above-mentioned material shows, the researchers of the Ukrainian system considered the accent as an important phenomenon in the language structure. In addition to the time-quantitative characteristics and expiration that influence the quality of the vowels and consonants in the stressed and unstressed words, the researchers drew attention to the movement of the verbal accent, freedom, non-attachment to the syllable and morphemes. Also they stressed on the importance of accent in those languages where it is movable, since the same word, but differently emphasized, can acquire completely different meanings. It is also noted that the accent was not analyzed in all grammar works. It is identified that the theory about accent researchers called in different ways: Prosody, Prypalo, Stress, Prypetie, Accent, Accentology. The origin, the functioning of these terms and the putting of new terms (in particular, prosodeme, accent, accentuation, etc.) into the scientific space, the outlining of accent issues are studied. The analyzed material shows that accentological terminology was based on the Greek-Latin basis: the authors of the ancient grammars of the end XVI−XVII centuries used the terms of classical languages grammars, that “were perceived as an example of development and orderliness”. The originality of this or that scientist, according to V.V. Nimchuk, was manifested primarily in the way how he was able to research or describe the Slavic system in terms of his epoch. Historical circumstances have developed so that from the nineteenth century the Ukrainian linguists emerged from the Greek-Latin theory frame, revealed the peculiarities of the Ukrainian system in general and the accentual in particular, which also motivated the development of theoretical, terminological basis. In modern linguistic works researchers use nattive Ukrainian and borrowed terms: emphasis − accent, accentuation; to accent − to emphasize; accentuation − emphasis; stressed − accentual; accentuated − accented.
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d'Alquen, Richard. "Germanic accent, syllabication and the origin of Scandinavian accentuation." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700000792.
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ABSTRACTA proposal to abandon the assumption of word accent (either pitch or stress) for Germanic is seen overall as unprofitable. The dilemma of syllable division is resolved against CVC.V and for CV.CV on general considerations following Murray and Vennemann and specific considerations allowing a better analysis of the conditions surrounding Verner's Law. It is proposed that a new Germanic heavy syllable accent, when double-peaked on words with heavy suffixes gave rise to Scandinavian accent 2, and when single-peaked on heavy roots with light suffixes, gave rise to accent 1 and to Danish stød.
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Sadeghi, Vahid. "Word-level prominence in Persian: An Experimental Study." Language and Speech 60, no. 4 (January 23, 2017): 571–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830916684862.
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Previous literature on the phonetics of stress in Persian has reported that fundamental frequency is the only reliable acoustic correlate of stress, and that stressed and unstressed syllables are not differentiated from each other in the absence of accentuation. In this study, the effects of lexical stress on duration, overall intensity and spectral tilt were examined in Persian both in the accented and unaccented conditions. Results showed that syllable duration is consistently affected by stress in Persian in both the accented and unaccented conditions across all vowel types. Unlike duration, the results for overall intensity and spectral tilt were significant only in the accented condition, suggesting that measures of intensity are not a correlate of stress in Persian but they are mainly caused by the presence of a pitch movement. The findings are phonologically interpreted as suggesting that word-level prominence in Persian is typologically similar to ‘stress accent’ languages, in which multiple phonetic cues are used to signal the prominence contrast in the accented condition, and stressed and unstressed syllables are different from each other even when the word is not pitch-accented.
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Derwing, Tracey M., and Murray J. Munro. "Symposium – Accentuating the Positive: Directions in Pronunciation Research." Language Teaching 43, no. 3 (June 10, 2010): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481000008x.
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Held at the Association canadienne de linguistique appliquée/Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics Conference, Ottawa, Canada; 27 May 2009.Over the past few decades perspectives on second language (L2) pronunciation have evolved from pessimistic appraisals of the capabilities of L2 learners and doubts about the value of instruction to a view of pronunciation teaching as an effective and important part of language pedagogy. Earlier research on the teaching of pronunciation dwelt extensively on the identification of learners' errors (mainly consonants and vowels) through comparative analyses. Until recently, little had been established about the effectiveness of pronunciation teaching, and pedagogical techniques were based more on speculation and theoretical notions than on empirically well-justified principles. More recent work addresses a broader range of issues relating not only to L2 phonological acquisition, but to the social implications of speaking with an accent and engaging with interlocutors, both native and non-native speakers of the L2. Among these are the relationship between accent and intelligibility, cognitive processes underlying phonological learning, the evaluation of L2 speech using impressionistic and acoustic techniques, prosodic influences on perception of accented speech, the role of ethnic affiliation and identity in L2 speakers' oral production, and the identification of misguided applications of knowledge about pronunciation by businesses and governments. These lines of work, along with empirical investigations of pronunciation instruction, engender a more sophisticated view of L2 phonological learning and teaching. Though further research remains to be done, important achievements have been made in identifying reasonable, achievable goals in the pronunciation classroom, establishing appropriate instructional foci, and evaluating outcomes. The presenters in this colloquium highlighted the major achievements of recent years and identified some of the important problems that remain.
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Li, Xiaoqing, Peter Hagoort, and Yufang Yang. "Event-related Potential Evidence on the Influence of Accentuation in Spoken Discourse Comprehension in Chinese." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 5 (May 2008): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20512.
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In an event-related potential experiment with Chinese discourses as material, we investigated how and when accentuation influences spoken discourse comprehension in relation to the different information states of the critical words. These words could either provide new or old information. It was shown that variation of accentuation influenced the amplitude of the N400, with a larger amplitude for accented than for deaccented words. In addition, there was an interaction between accentuation and information state. The N400 amplitude difference between accented and deaccented new information was smaller than that between accented and deaccented old information. The results demonstrate that, during spoken discourse comprehension, listeners rapidly extract the semantic consequences of accentuation in relation to the previous discourse context. Moreover, our results show that the N400 amplitude can be larger for correct (new, accented words) than incorrect (new, deaccented words) information. This, we argue, proves that the N400 does not react to semantic anomaly per se, but rather to semantic integration load, which is higher for new information.
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Quinlin, Daniel P. "The accentuation and development of PGmc. */ga-/." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 3, no. 2 (July 1991): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700000688.
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ABSTRACTPrevious studies on the development of PGmc. */ga-/ have been inadequate due, in part, to a misunderstanding or underestimation of the roles of word accent and syntactic accent. Purported evidence for stressed */ga-/ in Proto-Germanic or later stages is dubious and can be refuted convincingly. This article suggests that PGmc. */ga-/ never received primary word stress because it had become a clitic. Such a hypothesis allows for an unproblematic phonological derivation from Proto-Indo-European and is a logical premise for interpreting subsequent developments in the Germanic languages.
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Kim, Hyun-ju. "Emergent Hidden Grammar: Stochastic Patterning in Korean Accentuation of Novel Words." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 36, no. 1 (August 24, 2010): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v36i1.3912.
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This study presents empirical evidence that the accent patterns in novel words do not originate from analogy to phonetically similar familiar words. Rather, the accent pattern of novel words reflects statistical patterning in the lexicon. A corpus study showed that lexical distribution of North Kyungsang Korean (NKK) accent patterns is phonologically patterned: penultimate accent is common where all the syllables are light; final accent is more frequent where the final syllable is heavy. Lexical statistics revealed probabilistic structure-sensitive patterning in the lexicon even if exceptions obscure the patterning. This study will show that the accent patterns in novel words actually match this statistical patterning in the lexicon. This indicates that NKK speakers have implicit knowledge of the statistical patterning and apply it to novel words which lack lexical specification.
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Lawrence, Wayne P. "Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451p01.
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Whereas almost all Ryukyuan dialects with tonal contrasts are word-tone languages, the Nakijin dialect of Northern Okinawa is an accentual language, and this accent, in addition to being pronounced with a high tone in certain environments, interacts with a vowel lengthening process. Through comparison of the Okinawan dialect of Nakijin with the Amami dialect of Asama (Tokunoshima Island), which also has a productive vowel lengthening process, this paper reconstructs the prosodic system (pitch and vowel length) for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, and shows how the accent developed in the Nakijin dialect. Alors que la plupart des dialectes ryukyu possédant des distinctions tonales sont des langues à tons lexicaux, le dialecte de Nakijin du nord d’Okinawa est une langue à accent, et cet accent, en plus d’être prononcé sous la forme d’un ton haut dans certains environnements, interagit avec un processus d’allongement vocalique. Par la comparaison du dialecte okinawaïen de Nakijin et du dialecte amami d’Asama (île de Tokunoshima), qui a lui aussi un processus productif d’allongement vocalique, cet article reconstruit le système prosodique (mélodie et longueur vocalique) des noms non dérivés en proto-ryukyu du Nord et expose la manière dont l’accent s’est développé dans le dialecte de Nakijin.
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Kapović, Mate. "The Unattainable Standard — Zagreb Dialect Meets Standard Croatian Accentuation." Slovene 7, no. 1 (2018): 337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.1.14.
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The paper discusses the accentual accommodation by speakers of the urban dialect of Zagreb (the capital of Croatia), which has a dynamic free accent, to the Standard Croatian (Neo-Štokavian) pitch accent (with rising and falling tones). The accommodation occurs in formal settings — the basis of this research is the corpus of 16 one-hour interviews with native Zagreb dialect speakers (8 male, 8 female) from a TV show on Croatian national television (HRT). The Zagreb dialect speakers cannot fully reproduce the prescribed standard accentuation, so they only approximate it by inconsistently changing the place of stress. The level of accommodation varies among speakers. The prescribed Croatian standard accentuation is different than in languages like English, because it cannot be acquired fully by many speakers due mainly to reasons of phonetic complexity. The basics of the Zagreb dialect accentuation and its complex relation to the standard language accentuation (due to many innovations in the dialect and a range of conservative and innovative varieties) are also analyzed. This paper is the first to describe the phenomenon in detail, based on concrete data.
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Gut, Ulrike. "Nigerian English prosody." English World-Wide 26, no. 2 (June 14, 2005): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.2.03gut.
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Nigerian English (NigE) prosody has often been described as strikingly different from Standard English varieties such as British English (BrE) and American English. One possible source for this is the influence of the indigenous tone languages of Nigeria on NigE. This paper investigates the effects of the language contact between the structurally diverse prosodic systems of English and the three major Nigerian languages. Reading passage style and semi-spontaneous speech by speakers of NigE, BrE, Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba were analysed acoustically in terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and tonal structure. Results show that NigE prosody combines elements of intonation / stress languages and tone languages. In terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and syllable length, NigE groups between the Nigerian languages and BrE. NigE tonal properties are different from those of an intonation language such as BrE insofar as tones are associated with syllables and have a grammatical function. Accentuation in NigE is different from BrE in terms of both accent placement and realisation; accents in NigE are associated with high tone. A proposal for a first sketch of NigE intonational phonology is made and parallels are drawn with other New Englishes.
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Rivera, Joel Laffita. "Orthography Analysis-Spanish Graphical Accentuation Setting." International Journal of Contemporary Education 2, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v2i2.4528.
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This research article is setting up an outlined-linguistic-overview regarding to the use of the “Tilde” in the writing context of Spanish Language. The study looked over various-literature-materials from different sources and added new-insights into its contextual framework to expose Spanish-language-Orthography such as Words-Type; Accents-Type; Vocabulary and Grammar-Patterns. The use of the “tilde” in teaching and learning Spanish as Second Foreign Language (ELE) continue to be a focus of concern and discussion among Spanish language teachers as well as the learners of this particular foreign language subject (FLs). Numerous studies have emphasized on the need to provide accuracy-learning-materials in relation to this orthography-linguistic-trait. Consequently to this observation, the study aimed to deliver valuable text-references through which Spanish language learners know about the application of the “Tilde” in the writing system of Spanish language. Furthermore, methodological schemes are provided to assist Spanish language teachers in formatting and delivering Spanish-language-assignments that fit into the subject-matter-discussed.
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Yoshida, Kayo, and Atsushi Fukada. "Effects of Oral Repetition on Learners’ Japanese Word Accentuation." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 44, no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v44i1.8533.
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Japanese word accentuation is a problematic area for learnersunfamiliar with a pitch accent system. Since accent locations areunpredictable, learners are typically told to memorize them by rote,which is a time-consuming, tedious, and demanding task. It wouldcertainly be ideal for learners to learn correct accentuation withoutexplicit instruction as they learn new words. This article reports on apreliminary study that examined effects of a computer-based onlineword repetition exercise on the learning of Japanese wordaccentuation. 41 students in their 10th week and 17 students in their12th week in a 2nd-year 1st-semester Japanese course took a pretest,followed by computer-based online word repetition practice on theSpeak Everywhere system, a posttest immediately after the practice,and a delayed posttest after one week (class-and-computer condition).Out of the same group of students now in a 2nd-year 2nd-semestercourse, 22 students took a pretest, followed by two posttests in their 5thweek (class-only condition). A paired t-test (two tailed) performed on13 overlapping subjects found a significant difference between the twoconditions (t=5.58, p<.001, Cohen’s d =1.9309). The online word repetition practice produced a significant gain in accentuation scores without explicit instruction, while classroom instruction alone was not sufficient to produce a significant gain.
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Sahkai, Heete, and Ann Veismann. "Predicate-argument structure and verb accentuation in Estonian." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2015.6.3.05.
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This paper reports the results of a production study whose aim was to ascertain whether Estonian exhibits the regularity whereby verbs are unaccented when they are in focus together with an adjacent object. The study also examined whether this regularity holds when the verb is in sentence-final position, or when it is separated from the object by an intervening adjunct. The results suggest that in all these cases the verb is unaccented, unlike when it is complemented only by an adjunct. More generally, these results show that Estonian belongs to the category of languages with plastic sentence accent placement, and that predicate-argument structure is one of the factors that determine sentence accent placement in Estonian. The results also raise questions for future research concerning the theoretical interpretation of the descriptive observations made in the study.Kokkuvõte. Heete Sahkai ja Ann Veismann: Argumentstruktuur ja verbi lauserõhulisus eesti keeles. Artiklis tutvustatakse uurimust, mille eesmärk oli kindlaks teha, kas eesti keeles kehtib levinud seaduspära, et koos objektiga fookuses olev verb ei kanna lauserõhku. Uurimuses kontrolliti seaduspära kehtimist ka juhtudel, kus verb asub lause lõpus või ei paikne objektiga kõrvuti, vaid on lahutatud sellest vaba laiendiga. Tulemused näitavad, et kõigil neil juhtudel on verb rõhutu, erinevalt juhtumist, kus verbi laiendab üksnes vaba määrus. Uurimuse üldisem tulemus on, et eesti keel kuulub tüpoloogiliselt plastilise lauserõhu asukohaga keelte hulka ning et argumentstruktuur on üks neist teguritest, mis määravad lauserõhu asukohta eesti keeles. Tulemused tõstatavad ka edasist uurimist nõudvaid küsimusi, mis puudutavad eelkõige kirjeldatud seaduspärade teoreetilist tõlgendamist.Märksõnad: eesti keel, lauserõhk, deaktsentueerimine, argumentstruktuur
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Urbanavičienė, Jolita. "Accentuation of Nominal Words in the Vilnius Speech: de Saussure and Fortunatov’s synchronic law." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 6 (November 7, 2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17485.
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The article presents the research on how Vilnians follow the main synchronic accentuation law of the Lithuanian language – de Saussure and Fortunatov’s (SF) synchronic law. The research aims at evaluation of whether the stress of nominal words is often not placed on attracting endings; whether accentuation tendencies of Vilnians are predetermined by external (social) factors – age, gender, education; what impact on the accentuation of townsmen is made by dialects. The empirical research material includes 30 direct interviews recorded from 18–75 year-old Vilnians (total number includes 26 hours of records). Sociolinguistic variables were coded via the language element analysis programme CLAN, statistical significance of the results was analysed through SPSS (ANOVA and t-tests). SF law was chosen as the axis of the research, which effect (accentuation of attractive endings) is to be linked with standard language accentuation system. Weakened SF law effect (the stress falls on stems preceding attractive endings) is to be linked with levelling of accents specific for eastern highlanders subdialects and accentuation system changes related with it: accentuation of column model, hypercorrection accentuation and accentuation variability. It was established that in view of accentuation the Vilnius speech is not homogenous. The divide separating most likely two individual phonological systems is between the older (over 50 years old) and two younger generations (18-29 years old and 30-49 years old). In the vertical of language variety, situated between dialect and standard language, older Vilnians language, formed and influenced mostly by eastern highlander’s subdialect, is closer to dialect, whilst middle and younger generation Vilnian’s speech is closer to standard language. In older generation of Vilnians speech 59 % of nominal words with attractive endings are accentuated in stems, whilst in two younger generations (Vilnians urbanolect) – vice versa: 58-63% attractive endings are accentuated by SF law. The research showed statistically significant influence of the age, gender, social status of the informants and activity developed by them on accentuation tendencies. More rare application of SF law is to be linked with the category of male gender, low social status and traditional activity (of industrial enterprises). More frequent application of SF law is to be linked with female gender, high social status and modern activity (of knowledge enterprises, service areas).
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Kapović, Mate. "Shortening, lengthening, and reconstruction." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 45, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 75–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.45.1.4.
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The paper is a part of an ongoing discussion on various topics of historical Slavic accentology with Frederik Kortlandt. The topics discussed in the paper are: the reflex of the Proto-Slavic short neo-acute in Kajkavian; the reflex of pretonic and posttonic length in West and South Slavic; the reconstruction of the ending *-ъ in Slavic genitive plural, its accentuation, and the ending -ā in Štokavian and Slovene; the lengthening of the bȏg ‘god’ and kȍkōt ‘rooster’ type in Western South Slavic; the *obőrna ‘defense’ and *čьrnĩna ‘blackness’ type accent and retractions of contractional neo-circumflexes; the reflex of Slavic *ò in Slovak and Czech monosyllables; and the valence theory and Proto-Indo-European origin of Balto-Slavic accentuation.
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Kačiuškienė, Genovaitė. "Prosodical System of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language." Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2018-0007.
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Abstract The Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language is interesting in synchronic, diachronic, typological, and ethnogenetic aspects; its idioms bear some witness to contacts of Lithuanian and Semigalian languages (Kačiuškienė 2009). The secondary types of pitch accents of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys were discussed in Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 24 (Kačiuškienė 2016). The auditory and instrumental research proved that two secondary types of pitch accents contrast in the pure and mixed diphthongs of the forms of some dialectal verbs and denominative words in the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language. This is a distinctive opposition. It is possible that the opposition relates to Proto-Baltic accentuation paradigms. The secondary types of pitch accents have different acoustic properties. The most distinct are the quantitative characteristics of diphthongs and characteristics of the fundamental pitch. The detailed analysis of the prosodic system of the Northern Panevėžys dialect in the present article is based on the data of the author’s native dialect and the instrumental and auditory research (see (Kačiuškienė 2006)). The results of the research of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys are important to the comparative and historical dialectology of the Baltic languages; they can be used in typological research and in the classroom as teaching materials.
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Ovchinnikov, B. V., and I. V. Tyuryapina. "Diagnostic Problem of Personality Accentuations: Accented Radicals Questionnaire." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Psychology" 9, no. 1 (2016): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/psy160103.
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Gil, Gislaine, Regina Miksian Magaldi, Alexandre Leopold Busse, Elyse Soares Ribeiro, Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki, Mônica Sanches Yassuda, Wilson Jacob-Filho, and Daniel Apolinario. "Development of a word accentuation test for predicting cognitive performance in Portuguese-speaking populations." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 8 (August 2019): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190089.
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ABSTRACT The Word Accentuation Test (WAT) has been used to predict premorbid intelligence and cognitive performance in Spanish-speaking populations. It requires participants to read a list of words without the accent marks that indicate the stressed syllable. Objective: As Portuguese pronunciation is also strongly based on accent marks, our aim was to develop a Brazilian version of the WAT. Methods: An initial pool of 60 items was constructed and a final version of 40 items (named WAT-Br) was derived by item response theory. A sample of 206 older adults underwent the WAT-Br and a standardized neuropsychological battery. Independent ratings were performed by two observers in 58 random participants. Results: The items showed moderate to high discrimination (α between 0.93 and 25.04) and spanned a wide range of difficulty (β between −2.07 and 1.40). The WAT-Br was shown to have an excellent internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 = 0.95) and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92). It accounted for 61% of the variance in global cognitive performance. Conclusion: A version of the WAT for Portuguese-speaking populations was developed and proved to be a valuable tool for estimating cognitive performance.
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Wayman, Benjamin D. "Accentuation and Causes for the Obscurity in the Divine Scriptures: Polychronius’ Prologue to Job." Horizons in Biblical Theology 35, no. 1 (2013): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712207-12341247.
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Abstract This article examines the work of the fifth-century bishop and brother of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Polychronius of Apamea (d. ca. 430), in light of extant writings from the second-century Greek grammarian, Aelius Herodianus. It studies a fragment from Polychronius’ prologue to his commentary on Job titled Causes for the Obscurity in the Divine Scriptures, identifies a philological analogue in the work of Herodian, and in so doing, highlights their grammatical training and shared concern with τόνοι (accents) in the interpretation of a text. The analysis shows that Polychronius’ employment of grammatical technique in understanding Christian scripture is of no less value to the Christian bishop than it is to the Greek grammarian, Herodian, in his understanding of Greek classics. For Polychronius, the “obscurity in the divine scriptures” can be resolved with the tools of Greek grammatical theory.
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Sahkai, Heete, and Anne Tamm. "Verb placement and accentuation: Does prosody constrain the Estonian V2?" Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0040.
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AbstractThe paper contributes to the understanding of the variation in finite verb placement in Estonian, a verb-second language, by establishing two descriptive facts. First, it identifies a previously undescribed finite verb position in Estonian declarative main clauses, which will be referred to as ‘clause-medial’. The clause-medial position is located between clause-medial sentence adverbials on the one hand, and VP adverbials and the complements of the verb on the other hand. Secondly, the paper reports two empirical studies providing evidence in support of the hypothesis that the occurrence of a finite verb in the proposed clause-medial position, as opposed to its occurrence in the second position, correlates with its accentuation. While clause-medial verbs tend to bear a nuclear pitch accent, second-position verbs don’t. Finally, the paper briefly discusses some broader implications of the existence of the clause-medial finite verb position and of the interaction between verb placement and prosody.
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Bögels, Sara, Herbert Schriefers, Wietske Vonk, and Dorothee J. Chwilla. "Pitch accents in context: How listeners process accentuation in referential communication." Neuropsychologia 49, no. 7 (June 2011): 2022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.032.
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Shiromoto, Osamu. "Aerodynamic Analysis of the Effects of Accentuations in the Accent Method." Koutou (THE LARYNX JAPAN) 9, no. 1 (1997): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5426/larynx1989.9.1_27.
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Ragaišienė, Vilija. "Tendencies of the accentuation of polysyllabic nouns of the West Aukštaitian of Kaunas in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22489.
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The article analyses the dialectal material collected in the area of the West Aukštaitian of the Kaunas subdialect in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s at the Dialect Archive of the Geolinguistic Centre of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. Based on the data of the written sources, the goal is to describe the accentuation peculiarities of the polysyllabic nouns of the West Aukštaitian of the Kaunas subdialect in the written sources of that time, to discuss their accent models and to establish the accentuation tendencies of this subdialect. After the research was completed it was established that there is a tendency in the West Aukštaitian of the Kaunas subdialect to stress polysyllabic suffixed nouns according to three accentual models: 1) fixed, 2) mobile and 3) fixed-mobile. The author of the article is of the opinion that the accentual variance of parallel derivatives with suffixes could have been determined not by one factor, but by a set of factors. The appearance of accentual variants is linked to semantics, the accentual and semantic model of two plurals, the accentual variance of the root words, the soft ending of the stem of words and is explained by the stress analogy of the same type of word formation. The author surmises that the phenomena of oxytogenesis and baritogenesis in the subdialect under research could have worked by the principle of structure. The accentuation of some suffixes (e.g., -iena and -ėja) can demonstrate the change of the accentual models in the Aukštaitian subdialect – the movement of the mobile accentuation model from the South Aukštaitian subdialect in the direction of the North.
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Hitin-Mashiah, Rachel. "The Accentuation of Three-Word ‘ כִּי Clauses’ Ending with Silluq and Atnaḥ." Vetus Testamentum 65, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12301202.
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In several verses in the Hebrew Bible the Atnaḥ is preceded by two conjunctives. In these cases both words preceding the Atnaḥ are accented by Munaḥ. This uncommon pattern Munaḥ–Munaḥ–Atnaḥ almost always begins with the word כִּי, as can be seen in the clause כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב פָּתָ֑ר (Gen 40:16). In this paper I examine and clarify some prosodic rules concerning the uncommon as well as the common accentuation of three-word ‘כִּי clauses’ ending with Atnaḥ and Silluq.
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Chapman, Siobhan. "Some observations on metalinguistic negation." Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (September 1996): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015930.
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This paper is concerned with the phenomenon labelled ‘metalinguistic negation’ (MN) by Horn (1985). The interaction of MN with negative polarity items, lexically incorporated negation, and accentuation, is considered in order to establish its exact scope and range of applicability. The relationships between MN and various types of implicature are advanced in support of the use of MN as a diagnostic for aspects of an utterance which are properties of the linguistic expression used. The implications of this for the status of accent are assessed. Finally, the particularly stylistic effects of MN are considered, in relation to the topics discussed.
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Yates, Anthony D. "Stress assignment in Hittite and Proto-Indo-European." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 1 (June 12, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v1i0.3722.
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This paper develops a new optimality theoretic analysis of lexical accent in Hittite (Anatolian, Indo-European). I demonstrate that Hittite synchronic stress assignment is consistent with Kiparsky and Halle's (1977) Basic Accentuation Principle, which assigns primary stress to the leftmost morpheme lexically specified for prosodic prominence or else to the left edge of a prosodic word. The Hittite evidence is thus shown to converge with Kiparsky and Halle's reconstruction of this principle for the common ancestor of the non-Anatolian Indo-European languages (i.e. Proto-Nuclear-Indo-European), and in view of this agreement, argued to be reconstructible for Proto-Indo-European itself.
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David, A. P. "The Classical Interlude: A Law of Recessive Tonal Accent for ‘Classical’-era Indo-European." Dramaturgias, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/dramaturgias.v0i4.8531.
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It is shown that W. S. Allen’s theory of a ‘contonation’, derived from Vedic descriptions, accounts for the apparently divergent ‘tone’ and ‘stress’ rules (respectively) for ancient Greek and Latin, as well as, by extension, classical Sanskrit. Historically, Greek and Latin show evidence of an active stress component in their accentuation in the weakening grade of adjacent vowels, an effect that appears not to be present during the classical period. It turns out that all three classical languages display patterns of accentuation in their received grammatical traditions which can be formulated in terms of a 'recessive' rule when the role of quantity is factored in.
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Bohas, Georges. "Accentuation et effacement de ə dans le parler de Damas." Revue québécoise de linguistique 16, no. 1 (May 14, 2009): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602579ar.
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Résumé L’un des problèmes auxquels ont été confrontées nombre d’études sur le parler de Damas est l’effacement de schwa en position accentuellement faible. Dans le cadre de la théorie standard, l’analyse de ce phénomène devait recourir, d’une part, à l’application cyclique de la règle d’accentuation et, d’autre part, à une règle d’effacement « à mémoire », c’est-à-dire « se souvenant » qu’un schwa ait été accentué ou non dans un cycle antérieur. Dans cet article, nous présentons une analyse révisée de ce phénomène, à l’intérieur du cadre théorique proposé par Halle et Vergnaud (1985). À l’instar des phénomènes tonaux dans une phonologie autosegmentale, cette théorie réserve aux phénomènes d’accent un plan autonome, le plan accentuel, lequel se divise en divers niveaux pour former une grille métrique. Notre analyse permet ainsi de rendre compte directement de la règle d’effacement et de la capacité de celle-ci à distinguer une voyelle accentuée dans un cycle antérieur et ce, sans recourir à un type de règle sans doute trop puissant comme les règles « à mémoire ».
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Knapp, Alexander. "Ashkenazi Pentateuchal Chant: A Sixteenth-Century German-Christian Interpretation." European Journal of Jewish Studies 6, no. 1 (2012): 23–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247112x637551.
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Abstract Much attention has been given to the pioneering achievements of the Christian Hebraists of the sixteenth century in transcribing the essential elements of traditional Torah chant into Western musical notation. One of these transcriptions, however, is unique. Johannes Reuchlin’s De Accentibus et Orthographia Linguae Hebraicae of 1518 contains not only the ‘accents of biblical recitation’ themselves, but also a complete four-part harmonization of these tropes by one of Reuchlin’s students, Christoph Schilling, in the German choral style of the period. Although Schilling’s arrangement of the individual accents has been mentioned in passing by numerous scholars, it has never been published in a modern edition, nor applied to the actual practice of chanting biblical texts. In this article, I discuss some of the general background to cantillation, accentuation, and the role of the German Humanists in preserving this oral tradition in written form. Comparisons between sixteenth-century and twentieth-century biblical chant are made in relation to the melodic and harmonic characteristics of Schilling’s notation, and this leads to an assessment of some of the problems concerning the realization of these raw materials for ‘live’ performance. Three short extracts from the Pentateuch are then presented as working examples based upon Schilling’s arrangement. In conclusion, the possible motives and intentions behind this intercultural phenomenon will be considered, as will its significance in the long history of Judeo-Christian syncretism in music.
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Álvarez Uribe, Sergio, Francisco Moreno Castrillón, and Paulina Esther Delgado Pachón. "Creación de un recurso educativo digital abierto de acentuación en español: una propuesta para abordar dificultades básicas en el desarrollo de la comunicación escrita a nivel universitario." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.656.
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ResumenLa creación de un recurso educativo digital abierto (REDA) de acentuación en español responde a una de las dificultades básicas de los estudiantes universitarios frente al dominio de la comunicación escrita. La dinámica del proceso de creación permitió identificar la ausencia de recursos de calidad sobre acentuación y la falta de procedimientos claros y accesibles para profesores no expertos en tecnología, interesados en ofrecer recursos digitales acordes a las expectativas del estudiante de hoy. La experiencia de la creación del REDA de acentuación en español muestra una posible ruta para enfrentar retos similares.Palabras clave: ortografía, acentuación en español, comunicación escrita, material educativo digital, REDA, tecnología educativa, diseño instruccional.********************************************************************************** Creation of an open digital educational resource for marking Spanish accentuation: a proposal to solve basic challenges in the developmentof written communication at the tertiary levelAbstract:The creation of an open digital educational resource for marking Spanish accentuation (REDA) responds to one of the basic challenges university students face in the achievement of written communication. The development of the process allowed the authors to identify the absence of quality resources for marking orthographic accent in Spanish and the lack of clear and accessible procedures for teachers who are not experts in technology and who are interested in offering digital resources that meet the expectations of nowadays students. The creation of accent marking REDA in Spanish shows a possible route to face such challenges.Key words: orthography, Spanish accent marking, written communication, digital educational material, REDA, educational technology, instructional design.************************************************************************Criação de um recurso educativo digital aberto de acentuação em espanhol.Uma proposta para abordar dificuldades básicas no desenvolvimentoda comunicação escrita a nível universitário ResumoA criação de um recurso educativo digital aberto (REDA) de acentuação em espanhol responde a uma das dificuldades básicas dos estudantes universitários diante o domínio da comunicação escrita. A dinâmica do processo de criação permitiu identificar a ausência de recursos de qualidade sobre acentuação e a falta de procedimentos claros e acessíveis para professores não adestrados em tecnologia, interessados em oferecer recursos digitais concordes às expectativas do estudante de hoje. A experiência da criação do REDA de acentuação em espanhol mostra uma possível rota para enfrentar retos semelhantes. Palavras chave: Ortografia, acentuação em espanhol, comunicação escrita, material educativo digital, REDA, tecnologia educativa, desenho instrucional.
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Bögels, Sara, Herbert Schriefers, Wietske Vonk, and Dorothee J. Chwilla. "The Role of Prosodic Breaks and Pitch Accents in Grouping Words during On-line Sentence Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 9 (September 2011): 2447–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21587.
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The present study addresses the question whether accentuation and prosodic phrasing can have a similar function, namely, to group words in a sentence together. Participants listened to locally ambiguous sentences containing object- and subject-control verbs while ERPs were measured. In Experiment 1, these sentences contained a prosodic break, which can create a certain syntactic grouping of words, or no prosodic break. At the disambiguation, an N400 effect occurred when the disambiguation was in conflict with the syntactic grouping created by the break. We found a similar N400 effect without the break, indicating that the break did not strengthen an already existing preference. This pattern held for both object- and subject-control items. In Experiment 2, the same sentences contained a break and a pitch accent on the noun following the break. We argue that the pitch accent indicates a broad focus covering two words [see Gussenhoven, C. On the limits of focus projection in English. In P. Bosch & R. van der Sandt (Eds.), Focus: Linguistic, cognitive, and computational perspectives. Cambridge: University Press, 1999], thus grouping these words together. For object-control items, this was semantically possible, which led to a “good-enough” interpretation of the sentence. Therefore, both sentences were interpreted equally well and the N400 effect found in Experiment 1 was absent. In contrast, for subject-control items, a corresponding grouping of the words was impossible, both semantically and syntactically, leading to processing difficulty in the form of an N400 effect and a late positivity. In conclusion, accentuation can group words together on the level of information structure, leading to either a semantically “good-enough” interpretation or a processing problem when such a semantic interpretation is not possible.
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손범기. "The accentuation of Japanese loanword – Correlation between syllable quantity and accent –." Journal of Japanese Studies ll, no. 71 (March 2017): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15733/jast.2017..71.153.
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Geiger, Jeffrey, and Ming Xiang. "Toward an accommodation account of deaccenting under nonidentity." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4875.
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Two competing models attempt to explain the deaccentuation of antecedent-nonidentical discourse-inferable material (e.g., Bach wrote many pieces for viola. He must have LOVED string instruments). One uses a single grammatical constraint to license deaccenting for identical and nonidentical material. The second licenses deaccenting grammatically only for identical constituents, whereas deaccented nonidentical material requires accommodation of an alternative antecedent. In three experiments, we tested listeners’ preferences for accentuation or deaccentuation on nonidentical inferable material in out-of-the-blue contexts, supportive discourse contexts, and in the presence of the presupposition trigger too. The results indicate that listeners by default prefer for inferable material to be accented, but that this preference can be mitigated or even reversed with the help of manipulations in the broader discourse context. By contrast, listeners reliably preferred for repeated material to be deaccented. We argue that these results are more compatible with the accommodation model of deaccenting licensing, which allows for differential licensing of deaccentuation on inferable versus repeated constituents and provides a principled account of the sensitivity of accentuation preferences on inferable material to broader contextual manipulations.
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Ovchinnikov, Boris Vladimirovich, and Irina Vladimirovna Tuyryapina. "Questionary of accented radicals as a tool of personality accentuations rapid diagnostics." V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy, no. 11.12 (February 13, 2015): 4682. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/wsd-2014-11.12-4.
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Nasser Kotby, M., Osamu Shiromoto, and Minoru Hirano. "The accent method of voice therapy: Effect of accentuations on FO, SPL, and airflow." Journal of Voice 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80120-1.
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Tukova, Tatyana. "ASSIGNMENT OF THE FORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF EMPHASIS IN THE FOREIGN AUDIENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-445-449.
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Free operation of verbs, which provide the processes of cognition of the medical student, is based on knowledge of their semantics, grammatical design and prosodic features. An important part of learning a new language is always its orthoepic characteristics. Assimilation of accentual norms is complicated by the mobile and free nature of accent in East Slavic languages. Emphasis mobility can be the only marker of grammatical meaning presentation in cases of form homography. The basis of success in developing the skills of using verb forms of the form can be linguistic-methodical forecasting and selection of language tools taking into account the profile of learning. The aim of the article was to describe the features of the formative role of emphasis in the presentation of the grammatical category of the verb, which should be considered in the process of teaching foreign medical students to prevent communicative failures in medicine and home. The article demonstrates how to achieve communicative competence in the audience offuture doctors, practicing the skills of accentuation of species oppositions in the study of actions with objects in different physical states. Particular attention is paid to work with polysemantic verbs such as vysypat - vysypat. Adherence to the principle of text-centricity in learning helps to combine tasks of semantic, grammatical and accentological order, which contributes to the expansion of student knowledge in all three aspects. A number of homograph verbs have been proposed for work in a foreign audience, in which the emphasis has become a grammatical way of conveying the species meaning not only in the infinitive, but also in the whole paradigm. A group of verbs is indicated in which only certain grammatical forms are distinguished by means of stress, and not all forms of the paradigm of different types of verbs. The auxiliary role of accentuation in speciation is considered, which complements affixation as the main way of perfection. Methodological developments are most expediently directed at the synthesis of grammatical, semantic, word-formation and accentuation aspects in the selection of specific text material on the topics of classes.
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Sato, Hirokazu. "Word structure and accentuation in Japanese—Is Japanese basic accent the antepenultimate type?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026595.
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Nikolayeva, Natalya N. "PERSONALITY TRAITS OF PATIENTS WITH SENSITIVE SKIN SYNDROME." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 22, no. 5-6 (December 15, 2019): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dv42955.
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The sensitive skin syndrome as a manifestation of a sensitive personality at a biological level is considered. The research is based on the four-level structure of an individual (biological, psychological, social and spiritual). The results of the study based on the data from the questionnaire of temperament accentuation provided by patients with sensitive skin syndrome (based on the concept of accented personalities by K. Leonhard) are presented. The factor analysis of the obtained data for 107 patients with sensitive skin syndrome in contrast to 30 people with normal skin showed increased indicators on the scales of “sensitivity” (0.82), “timidity” (0.78), “neuroticism” (0.76), “emotional lability” (0.7). As well as the absence of an increase in the scales of “hypertimacy” (-0.7), “social activity” (-0.8) and “vigor” (-0.7) was noted. Three factors (“sensitivity”, “neuroticism” and “social passivity”), reflecting the combination of temperament accentuation and global character features of these individuals, were distinguished. Data for people with normal skin, in contrast to people with sensitive skin, demonstrate an increase in the scales of “social activity” (0.9) and “vigor” (0.78). At the same time, there is no increase in the scales of “timidity” (-0.78) and “emotional lability” (-0.8). As a result, two factors were distinguished (“social activity” and “emotional balance”). Thus, both psychological and somatic aspects were significant in sensitive skin syndrome diagnostics. Individual personal traits and the emotional state are closely connected with the skin condition, which requires complex treatment and timely psychotherapeutic help for patients with sensitive skin syndrome.
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KIKUSHIMA, Kazunori. "On Loanword Accentuation in Japanese: Accent patterns of adapted forms from Chinese and Optimality Theory." Nihon Gakkan 24 (June 11, 2021): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32319/gakkan/2021/vol24/kikushima.
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