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1
Schleiner, Anne-Marie. The Player's Power to Change the Game. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647726.
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In recent decades, what could be considered a gamification of the world has occurred, as the ties between games and activism, games and war, and games and the city grow ever stronger. In this book, Anne-Marie Schleiner explores a concept she calls 'ludic mutation', a transformative process in which the player, who is expected to engage in the preprogramed interactions of the game and accept its imposed subjective constraints, seizes back some of the power otherwise lost to the game itself. Crucially, this power grab is also relevant beyond the game because players then see the external world as material to be reconfigured, an approach with important ramifications for everything from social activism to contemporary warfare.
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A simple procedure for constructing 5'-amino-terminated oligodeoxynucleotides in aqueous solution. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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C, D'Adamo Peter, Bouwer Edward J, and National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Bioremediation of BTEX, naphthalene, and phenanthrene in aquifer material using mixed oxygen/nitrate electron acceptor conditions: Project summary. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1997.
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Kirchman, David L. Processes in anoxic environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0011.
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During organic material degradation in oxic environments, electrons from organic material, the electron donor, are transferred to oxygen, the electron acceptor, during aerobic respiration. Other compounds, such as nitrate, iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, take the place of oxygen during anaerobic respiration in anoxic environments. The order in which these compounds are used by bacteria and archaea (only a few eukaryotes are capable of anaerobic respiration) is set by thermodynamics. However, concentrations and chemical state also determine the relative importance of electron acceptors in organic carbon oxidation. Oxygen is most important in the biosphere, while sulfate dominates in marine systems, and carbon dioxide in environments with low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate respiration is important in the nitrogen cycle but not in organic material degradation because of low nitrate concentrations. Organic material is degraded and oxidized by a complex consortium of organisms, the anaerobic food chain, in which the by-products from physiological types of organisms becomes the starting material of another. The consortium consists of biopolymer hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen gas production, and the reduction of either sulfate or carbon dioxide. The by-product of sulfate reduction, sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds, is oxidized back eventually to sulfate by either non-phototrophic, chemolithotrophic organisms or by phototrophic microbes. The by-product of another main form of anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide reduction, is methane, which is produced only by specific archaea. Methane is degraded aerobically by bacteria and anaerobically by some archaea, sometimes in a consortium with sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultivation-independent approaches focusing on 16S rRNA genes and a methane-related gene (mcrA) have been instrumental in understanding these consortia because the microbes remain uncultivated to date. The chapter ends with some discussion about the few eukaryotes able to reproduce without oxygen. In addition to their ecological roles, anaerobic protists provide clues about the evolution of primitive eukaryotes.
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Simon, Morris. 10 Financial Promotions—Regulating Marketing Material. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199688753.003.0010.
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This chapter considers the regulation of financial promotions. The promotion of marketing material for financial products and services regulated under the Financial Services and Markets Act (FSMA) 2000 is restricted. Section 21 FSMA dictates that only authorised persons may issue marketing material, unless an authorised person has approved the material and accepted responsibility for its contents, or the material falls within an exclusion prescribed by the Financial Promotions Order (FPO). This chapter explains the elements of the restriction: the meaning of terms such as ‘communicate’, ‘invitation’, ‘inducement’, ‘controlled investments’, and ‘controlled activities’. The offence of contravening the restriction, and its consequences, are reviewed. The exclusions from the restriction contained in the FPO are considered. The Financial Conduct Authority’s rules and policy on financial promotions (contained in COBS 4) are also explained.
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Levine, Joseph. The Q Factor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0009.
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In this paper I criticize the Chalmers–Jackson position on the commitments of Materialism from a new direction. Unlike my earlier critique, and that of Block and Stalnaker, I here accept for the sake of argument the overall neo-Fregean semantic project that Chalmers and Jackson employ to draw out the alleged a priori commitments of Materialism. Focusing on their response to Block and Stalnaker in The Philosophical Review, I argue that even granting them their semantic framework they beg the question against the (type B) Materialist. The crucial issue concerns whether, in demonstrating that macro-facts about water can be derived from the basic facts, it is legitimate to include phenomenal facts among the basic ones.
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Wodziński, Marcin. Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0006.
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The self-image of Hasidism as a poor movement, typical of many religious groups in which the founding ethos of the group was in describing itself as untouched by earthly material desires, has been widely accepted in both common wisdom and the scholarship on Hasidism. Based on extensive narrative sources and some quantitative materials, this chapter provides a rich picture of Hasidic groups’ occupational and financial profile, which contradicts this prevailing view that the Hasidim were usually poor and detached from economic activity. It points to the Hasidim’s relative affluence, as well as to their tendency to cluster in the commercial professions and to avoid the crafts. More broadly, it points to the dynamic character of “class/church” interdependence and the ideological and cultural factors creating them. It also confirms the correlation between a religious group’s strictness and its socioeconomic strength and attractiveness.
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Mugmon, Matthew. Abridging Mahler’s Symphonies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0016.
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A hundred years after Gustav Mahler’s death, it is widely considered blasphemous to cut any notes from the composer’s symphonies. In recordings and live performances, the symphonies generally remain intact. In discographies, the few recordings listed in which material has been cut—including well-known ones by Hermann Scherchen in the 1960s—are viewed as curiosities that reflect the values of certain idiosyncratic conductors at specific moments in time. But the documentary evidence surrounding American performances of Mahler’s works in the fifty years after his death in 1911—a time before his music became widely accepted—tells a different story. Performing scores, newspaper reports, and materials in orchestra archives demonstrate that cutting Mahler was a tradition with deep roots, and that several noted conductors regularly made significant deletions in Mahler’s music. Special attention is given here to Wilhelm Gericke’s performances of the Fifth Symphony and Serge Koussevitzky’s premiere of the Ninth.
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Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40.
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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.
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Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40_update_001.
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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.
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Lobell, Steven E. How Should the US Respond to a Rising China? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0017.
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Realist Cold War foreign policy approaches emphasize the importance of aggregate measures and metrics of material and military capabilities in the international system. Realists argue that shifts in capabilities and changes in the distribution of power are dangerous and that aggregate power is fungible. These approaches have been carried forward into the post-Cold War period to forecast trends for a declining United States and a rising China or some combination of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The chapter accepts the general logic of balance of power and power transition theories or aggregate power realism (APR) that shifts in capabilities and changes in power are dangerous.1 However, these approaches miss how state leaders assess power trends, the fungibility or usefulness of material capabilities, and that states rarely balance against concentrations of power. This chapter advances components of power theory that recast APR approaches.
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Armstrong, D., and K. Narayan. Groundwater Processes and Modelling - Part 6. CSIRO Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105386.
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This booklet outlines the properties of geological materials which enable them to accept, store and transmit groundwater, together with a description of the principal types of aquifer which are commonly found to occur in the field. Sources of groundwater are described in order to provide an understanding of the hydrogeological modelling exercise. The governing equations for steady state and non-steady state (transient) groundwater flow, are presented together with a brief overview of a range of modelling techniques, including both analytical and numerical models, the use of diffuse recharge as a model calibration tool and recent developments in the field of inverse modelling are also discussed.
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Kosch, Michelle. Independence as Constitutive End. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809661.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 presents in a more formal way a set of arguments from widely accepted premises to Fichte’s normative conclusions. The premises are examined and their assumptions articulated. It establishes that those already committed to a Kantian account of duties of right can offer no grounds for rejecting Fichte’s account of a constitutive end of independence of nature; and that Kant’s argument for the claim that material ethical principles are incompatible with autonomy cannot be directed against Fichte’s view. It also addresses several objections, stemming from critics of technology and of enlightenment, and appealing to the value of certain experiences involving loss of control.
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Wodziński, Marcin. Demography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0004.
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This chapter revisits the oft-discussed issue of the Hasidic movement’s alleged “conquest” of Eastern Europe and its demographic parameters. How many Hasidim really were there and when did this “conquest” take place? First, by introducing rich quantitative materials and by a close reading of qualitative sources, this chapter arrives at a new scheme of development of Hasidism that challenges much of the accepted knowledge on the Hasidic “conquest” of Eastern Europe. More specifically, it demonstrates that Hasidic penetration into Jewish Eastern Europe reached its peak in the mid- and late-nineteenth century, and not around 1800, as historiography traditionally has claimed. Second, it qualifies the very concept of the Hasidic “conquest” and “dominance” by demonstrating a much more nuanced interrelation between the numbers of Hasidim and their power and influence.
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Maus, Fred Everett. Sexuality, Trauma, and Dissociated Expression. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.39.
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The trauma experienced by queer children and adolescents resulting from the societal stigmatizing of their sexuality may produce the post-traumatic conditions of avoidance, numbing, and dissociation. These conditions in turn may enable rich forms of musical expressiveness. The music of the pop duo, Pet Shop Boys, sometimes comes close to bringing a post-traumatic numbness into music itself. It is as though, in their case, the magic of dissociated musical expression has failed to offer its lifeline to the traumatized subject. This may sound like an artistic failure. But it can also be heard as a demystification, a refusal of the socially accepted queer expressiveness that succeeds only by avoiding the material that most needs expression.
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Mitchell, Koritha. Redefining “Black Theater”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036491.003.0003.
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This chapter demonstrates that the first black-authored lynching play, Rachel, by Angelina Weld Grimké, emerged in 1914 partly because the mainstream stage accepted black actors but limited them to comedy or white-authored material. Grimké and others thus began privileging playwriting over acting in order to control the race's representation. Nevertheless, African American intellectuals and artists came to value black dramatists because of the success of performers—even minstrels and musical comedians. Moreover, Grimké's Rachel proved influential enough to initiate the genre of lynching drama because other poets and fiction writers also began writing plays. As Grimké's successors offered generic revisions, their efforts helped to redefine black theater again. The chapter therefore identifies the differences and commonalities between their work and Grimké's.
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Schwarz, Norbert. Of fluency, beauty, and truth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0002.
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To evaluate whether a claim is likely to be true, people attend to whether it is compatible with other things they know, internally consistent and plausible, supported by evidence, accepted by others, and offered by a credible source. Each criterion can be evaluated by drawing on relevant details (an effortful analytic strategy) or by attending to the ease with which the claim can be processed (a less effortful intuitive strategy). Easy processing favors acceptance under all criteria—when thoughts flow smoothly, people nod along. Ease of processing is also central to aesthetic appeal, and easily processed materials are evaluated as prettier. This sheds new light on why beauty and truth are often seen as related, by poets and scientists alike. Because people are more sensitive to their feelings than to where these feelings come from, numerous incidental variables can influence perceived beauty and truth by influencing the perceiver’s processing experience.
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Peters, S. T., ed. Composite Filament Winding. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.9781627083386.
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Composite Filament Winding describes the engineering involved in the design and construction of filament-wound products and the processes and equipment by which they are made. It covers everything from the geometry, physics, and math of winding theory to best practices for handling fibers and resins. It explains how constituent materials and winding patterns influence production quality and costs, how to estimate variables such as laminate thickness and roving dimensions, and how to express fiber trajectories on curved surfaces using vector calculus and intuitive observations. It discusses the design and operation of filament winding systems, the origin of various processes, and test methods and procedures. It presents examples demonstrating accepted design practices and the consideration of factors such as stiffness, discontinuities, stress ratio, mandrel geometry, and process control. It also includes a glossary of related terms. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-722-3, follow this link.
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Megill, Allan. Epilogue: On the Current and Future State of Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0034.
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This epilogue argues that historians ought to be able to produce a universal history, one that would ‘cover’ the past of humankind ‘as a whole’. However, aside from the always increasing difficulty of mastering the factual material that such an undertaking requires, there exists another difficulty: the coherence of universal history always presupposes an initial decision not to write about the human past in all its multiplicity, but to focus on one aspect of that past. Nevertheless, the lure of universal history will persist, even in the face of its practical and conceptual difficulty. Certainly, it is possible to imagine a future ideological convergence among humans that would enable them to accept, as authoritative, one history of humankind.
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Bull, Michael. Remaking the Urban. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.0023.
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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter explores the creation of an urban sonic aesthetic through a critical analysis of Apple iPod use. Based on original ethnographic material, it chapter explores the differing audiovisual ways in which urban space is mediated through communication technologies like the Apple iPod. It divides the experience of urban space into Fordist aesthetics and hyper-post-Fordist aesthetics and strategies and situates these aesthetic “moments” within a critical analysis informed by the work of a range of urban and critical theorists. In doing so, the chapter re-evaluates the meaning of an everyday audiovisual aesthetic that challenges accepted explanations of urban aesthetic experience, such as flânerie and the cosmopolitan subject that is located in the works of Auge, Benjamin, Sennett, Simmel, and others.
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Crowley, Lara M. “vntun’d, vnstrunge”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821861.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 engages Donne’s religious poetry. It reconsiders the authorship of “Psalm 137,” the only poem to appear in all seven seventeenth-century printed collections of his verse that is excluded from his current canon. Alexander B. Grosart attributed this scriptural verse translation to Francis Davison in 1872, based largely on style, and subsequent editors have followed his lead. This study reveals that material evidence points overwhelmingly toward Donne’s authorship, with only one scribe claiming Davison. The chapter also identifies topical, thematic, and verbal connections between this psalm translation and “Lamentations,” the one scriptural translation universally accepted as a Donne poem, as well as an echo of this particular “Psalm 137” in George Herbert’s “Denial.” Recognizing “Psalm 137” as a part of Donne’s canon alters our understanding of him as a verse translator in relation to his other divine poetry and prose.
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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada. Enhancing the Assessment of Reprogenetic Technologies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190460204.003.0008.
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Mitochondrial replacement, a new technological development that allows the creation of an embryo with genetic material from three different people, two of whom are women, has been enthusiastically embraced by reprogenetic proponents. Unlike other reprogenetic technologies currently in use, mitochondrial transfer results in germline modifications. This chapter offers a more adequate assessment of reprogenetic technologies, one that attends to context, is gendered, and recognizes the value-laden nature of these technologies. It points out that even if one were to accept that these techniques have a reasonable safety profile—something for which current evidence is actually lacking—attention to the ends that these techniques will presumably help achieve, and to the values that they reinforce and oppose, calls for skepticism about their moral permissibility.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. The basic need for recognition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0017.
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This chapter argues that the need to be recognized and to be accepted, respected, forgiven, and loved is a fundamental disposition in human existence. My existence is conditioned by the value of social recognition alongside the organic values of my biological life. Yet, the need for recognition can even be stronger than other needs rooted in my organic values. We as human persons can choose to renounce, at least in part, our material gains (e.g. a part of one’s salary) in order to achieve social recognition (e.g. the acknowledgement of one’s capacities). There are three paradigmatic forms of recognition: Love, whereby the person experiences the recognition of his particular needful nature in order to attain that affective security that allows him to articulate his needs; Law, the subject experiences that juridical institutions guarantee the recognition of his autonomy; and Solidarity, the subject experiences the recognition of the value of his capacities.
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Logan, Alastair H. B. The Johannine Literature and the Gnostics. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.10.
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This chapter is based on an understanding of the terms ‘gnōsis’ and ‘Gnostic’ which embraces both mythological and non-mythological texts. It argues for the key significance of the early gnostic Cerinthus for the genesis of the Johannine literature and presents a roughly chronological treatment first of non-Valentinian, then Valentinian, representatives of gnōsis and their knowledge and use of Johannine material, evaluating the claim that the latter were the first to consider John’s Gospel as authoritative, thereby causing Johannophobia among the ‘orthodox’. It will suggest that the Johannine literature was largely peripheral for Gnostics, apart from the Valentinians, and that, while a minority of Gnostics accepted and used Johannine literature as authoritative to support their own theologies, the majority adopted a more critical and supersessionary attitude. Even the Valentinians, closest to the Catholics, tended to focus their attention on the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel.
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Fitzpatrick, Antonia. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790853.003.0001.
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This Introduction expresses the intent of this study to re-examine the place of the body in Thomas Aquinas’s thought on the composition of the human being and its identity through time. Aquinas is famous for holding that the soul is the one and only substantial form in a human being. The generally accepted view is that Aquinas accounted for the identity of the person almost exclusively with reference to their soul. This study will restore the significance of the body by placing Aquinas’s thought in its theological and social context: principally, his concern for the earthly and resurrected body to be identical and his polemic against heretics. The Introduction goes on to survey the source material from Peter Lombard, St. Augustine, Aristotle, and Averroes with which Aquinas would construct his account of the body, its identity over time, and its autonomy relative to the soul. It briefly outlines that account.
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Vail, Mark I. National Liberalisms in Historical Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683986.003.0002.
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This chapter analyzes the development of French, German, and Italian liberalism from the nineteenth century to the 1980s, giving particular attention to each tradition’s conceptions of the role of the state and its relationship to groups and individual citizens. Using a broad range of historical source material and the works of influential political philosophers, it outlines the analytical frameworks central to French “statist liberalism,” German “corporate liberalism,” and Italian “clientelist liberalism.” It shows how these evolving traditions shaped the structure of each country’s postwar political-economic model and the policy priorities developed during the postwar boom through the early 1970s and provides conceptual touchstones for the direction and character of these traditions’ evolution in the face of the neoliberal challenge since the 1990s. The chapter demonstrates that each tradition accepted elements of a more liberal economic order while rejecting neoliberalism’s messianic market-making agenda and its abstract and disembedded political-economic vision.
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Samandouras, George, ed. The Neurosurgeon's Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570677.001.0001.
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The Neurosurgeon's Handbook concisely covers all aspects of adult and paediatric neurosurgery. It is systematically, meticulously and clearly broken down into easy-to-follow sections that contain all critical neurosurgical information, which is systematically presented to include clear definitions; epidemiology, pathophysiology and mechanisms of disease; neuroradiological and neuropathological features; critical care and neuroanaesthesia; clinical presentation and differential diagnosis; treatment; critical surgical anatomy and step-by-step key operative techniques of the brain, skull base and spine. The material is based on clinical trials, major clinical series and the extensive personal experience of some of the world’s best neurosurgeons and neuroclinicians who contributed to the handbook. It contains hundreds of imaging studies, neuropathological photographs (some in full colour) and anatomical and surgical diagrams that supplement the text. Additionally, widely accepted practice guidelines, major classification schemes, commonly used neurological scales, significant syndromes and constellation of key signs and symptoms are found in 188 tables, all presented in a way easy to understand and remember.
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Birtwistle, Andy. Meaning and Musicality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0009.
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The chapter critically reappraises the work of the British experimental filmmaker John Smith, drawing on analyses of key films and interview material to explore his use of sound, music and voice. Smith’s films often engage self-reflexively with how sound creates or accepts meaning within an audiovisual context. Influenced by structural film practice of the 1960s and 1970s, and underpinned by a Brechtian concern with the politics of representation, Smith’s often humorous work both foregrounds and deconstructs the sound-image relations at work in dominant modes of cinematic representation. This analysis of Smith’s work identifies the political dynamic of the filmmaker’s use of sound, and addresses what is at stake—for both Smith and his audience—in the self-reflexive concern with audiovisual modes of representation. Examined within this context are Smith’s creative focus on the production of meaning and how this relates to aspects of musicality and abstraction in his work.
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Rodley, Nigel S. R2P and International Law. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.11.
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Reluctant for its first two decades to consider states’ human rights performance, the UN gradually developed an extensive network of machinery to examine human rights violations in some states and categories of violation in all states. Action was limited to investigation and condemnation. The overwhelming majority of states and commentators rejected the notion of ‘humanitarian intervention’ that had had some currency until the UN Charter’s proscription of the use of force by states. It took the UN sixty years to accept that the Security Council could and should take necessary coercive measures, including armed force, to confront the most extreme forms of human rights violation or atrocity such as genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. In doing so, it sanctified a new doctrine and codified its scope. Political and material realities seem to require sober expectations about the UN’s actual ability to protect populations from these atrocities.
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Mittleman, Alan L. Conclusion. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176277.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter returns to the theme of the worth or dignity of human life. What are the implications, in the face of the contemporary challenges of biotechnology and scientistic materialism, of a Jewish understanding of human nature and human dignity for our common human future? It argues that the ambivalence of the Jewish tradition toward human nature is an attitude well worth cultivating. We are holy—and capable of unimaginable evil. Judaism reminds us of both. We have the creativity and freedom to remake the world, and now, increasingly, to remake ourselves. Our own survival might depend on cultivating anew a sense of limits. Limits there will always be, many imposed by human nature. Our dignity inheres in knowing when and how to master them, and when and how to accept them with respect.
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Mennonite confession of faith: Adopted April 21st, 1632, at Dordrecht, the Netherlands, and widely accepted in Germany, France, Colonial Pennsylvania, the United States, Canada, and elsewhere : newly translated and edited with prefatory materials in English for the first time. Lancaster, Pa: Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, 1988.
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Price, David H. In the Beginning Was the Image. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190074401.001.0001.
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This pioneering study focuses on decisive contributions by Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach the Elder, and Hans Holbein the Younger to the popular promotion of the printed Bible and, beyond that, to the evangelical impulses that transformed ecclesiastical art. The Renaissance, always recognized as a time of artistic and theological foment for Christianity, also witnessed a visual re-formation of the Bible. Material culture played its part, since the printing press allowed proliferation of biblical images and texts on a previously unimaginable scale. Contrary to commonly accepted claims that the Reformation resulted in the atrophy of art, artists offered richly visual experiences for the biblical culture of the new Protestant churches. This book also explores the paradox of the Bible’s cultural status. The Bible, authority for Christian culture, shattered the unity of Christianity with its divergent editions and translations. Reformation art required new approaches to accommodate confessional and textual diversity. Rulers, theologians, and artists created new Bibles as foundations for transformative sociopolitical movements. In this richly nuanced study, a new understanding emerges of how Dürer, Cranach, and Holbein invented biblical iconographies as they promoted the relationship of biblicism to faith and political authority.
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Cox, Adam, and Cristina M. Rodriguez. The President and Immigration Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694364.001.0001.
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This book challenges the myth that Congress—not the President—controls immigration law, dictating who may come to the United States, and who may stay, in a detailed and comprehensive legislative code. Drawing on a wide range of sources—rich historical materials, unique data on immigration enforcement, and insider accounts of the nation’s massive immigration bureaucracy—it reveals how the President has become our immigration policymaker-in-chief over the course of two centuries. From founding-era debates over the Alien and Sedition Acts, to Jimmy Carter’s intervention during the Mariel boatlift from Cuba, to the last two administrations’ reactions to Central American asylum seekers at the southern border, presidential crisis management has played an important role in this story. Far more foundational, however, has been the ordinary executive obligation to enforce the law. Over time, the power born of that duty has become the central vehicle for making immigration policy in the United States. In grappling with the implications of this power, the book also provides a blueprint for reform, one that accepts rather than laments the role the President plays in shaping the national community, while outlining strategies to curb the abuse of law enforcement authority in immigration and beyond.
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Doyle, David M., and Liam O'Callaghan. Capital Punishment in Independent Ireland. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620276.001.0001.
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This is a comprehensive and nuanced historical survey of the death penalty in Ireland from the immediate post-Civil War period through to its complete abolition. Using original archival material, this book sheds light on the various social, legal and political contexts in which the death penalty operated and was discussed. In Ireland the death penalty served a dual function: as an instrument of punishment in the civilian criminal justice system, and as a weapon to combat periodic threats to the security of the state posed by the IRA. In closely examining cases dealt with in the ordinary criminal courts, this book elucidates ideas of class, gender, community and sanity and how these factors had an impact the administration of justice. The application of the death penalty also had a strong political dimension, most evident in the enactment of emergency legislation and the setting up of military courts specifically targeted at the IRA. As this book demonstrates, the civilian and the political strands converged in the story of the abolition of the death penalty in Ireland. Long after decision-makers accepted that the death penalty was no longer an acceptable punishment for ‘ordinary’ cases of murder, lingering anxieties about the threat of subversives dictated the pace of abolition and the scope of the relevant legislation.
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Paxton, Naomi. Stage rights! Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526114785.001.0001.
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This book provides the first detailed account of the work of the Actresses' Franchise League, taking the story of the organisation further than ever before. Formulated as a historiographically innovative critical biography of the League over the fifty years of the organisation’s activities, this book invites a total reassessment of the League within both 20th Century industry networks and accepted narratives of the development of political theatre in the UK. Making a genuine contribution to both theatre and suffrage histories, this book looks in detail at the performative propaganda of the suffrage movement and the role of feminist actresses as activists during and after the campaign for Votes for Women. It explores the extensive networks of political and theatrical activism and social campaigning through which suffragist performers, playwrights and producers shaped their careers, and reveals how determined the Actresses' Franchise League was to be visible in public space, and to create equal opportunities for women in the theatre industry. Drawing on archival material, this book shows how members and allies of the League addressed a broad range of political and social issues through their work, how they presented and represented women and womanhood, and how the organisation, formed and embedded in the Edwardian period, diversified during and after the First and Second World Wars.
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Pittock, A. Barrie. Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098381.
Full textAbstract:
It is widely accepted in the scientific community that climate change is a reality, and that changes are happening with increasing rapidity. In this second edition, leading climate researcher Barrie Pittock revisits the effects that global warming is having on our planet, in light of ever-evolving scientific research.
Presenting all sides of the arguments about the science and possible remedies, Pittock examines the latest analyses of climate change, such as new and alarming observations regarding Arctic sea ice, the recently published IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, and the policies of the new Australian Government and how they affect the implementation of climate change initiatives.
New material focuses on massive investments in large-scale renewables, such as the kind being taken up in California, as well as many smaller-scale activities in individual homes and businesses which are being driven by both regulatory and market mechanisms. The book includes extensive endnotes with links to ongoing and updated information, as well as some new illustrations.
While the message is clear that climate change is here (and in some areas, might already be having disastrous effects), there is still hope for the future, and the ideas presented here will inspire people to take action. Climate Change: The Science, Impacts and Solutions is an important reference for students in environmental or social sciences, policy makers, and people who are genuinely concerned about the future of our environment.
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Schmitz, Hans Peter. Transnational Human Rights Networks: Significance and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.354.
Full textAbstract:
Transnational human rights networks refer to a form of cross-border collective action that seeks to promote compliance with universally accepted norms. Principled transnational activism began to draw sustained scholarly attention after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the creation of a new type of information-driven and impartial transnational activism, embodied in organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. Scholarship on transnational human rights networks emerged during the 1990s within the subfield of International Relations and as a challenge to the state-centric and materialist bias of the field. In their 1998 book Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink describe the key role that transnational human rights groups play in global affairs. Focusing on rights-based activism, Keck and Sikkink show how transnational advocacy networks (TANs) can influence domestic politics. The concept of TANs is dominated by the purposeful activism of nongovernmental organizations and driven by shared principles, not professional standards. A number of studies have challenged the core assumptions about the effectiveness of principled human rights activism, arguing that international support plays no significant role compared to the autonomous efforts of domestic activists. One way to overcome these challenges and criticisms is for the transnational activist sector, as well as other types of non-state actors, to move beyond the principles/interests dichotomy and take a closer look at the internal dynamics of participant NGOs.
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Scolding, Neil. Vasculitis and collagen vascular diseases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0862.
Full textAbstract:
That part of the clinical interface between neurology and general medicine occupied by inflammatory and immunological diseases is neither small nor medically trivial. Neurologists readily accept the challenges of ‘primary’ immune diseases of the nervous system: these tend to be focussed on one particular target such as oligodendrocytes or the neuro-muscular junction present in predictable ways, and are amenable as a rule to rational, methodological diagnosis, and occasionally even treatment. This is proper neurology.‘Secondary’ neurological involvement in diseases mainly considered systemic inflammatory conditions—for example, SLE, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and Behçet’s—is a rather different matter. It may be difficult enough to secure such a diagnosis even when systemic disease has previously been diagnosed and new neurological features need to be differentiated from iatrogenic disease, particularly drug side effects or the consequences of immune suppression. But all the diseases mentioned may present with and confine themselves wholly to the nervous system; they may mimic one another, and pursue erratic and unpredictable clinical courses. In central nervous system disease, diagnosis by tissue biopsy is potentially hazardous and unattractive. Few neurologists enjoy excesses of confidence or expertise when faced with such clinical problems: the cautious diagnostician is perplexed, and the evidence-based neuroprescriber confounded. Unsurprisingly, great variations in approaches to diagnosis and management are seen (Scolding et al. 2002b).But rheumatologically inclined general, renal or respiratory physicians, comfortable when managing inflammation affecting their system or indeed other parts of the body designed to support the nervous system, are generally also ill at ease when faced with neurological features whose differential diagnosis may be large, particularly given the near universal diagnostic non-specificity of either imaging or CSF analysis.Here then is the subject material for this chapter: the diagnosis and management of central nervous system involvement in inflammatory and immunological systemic diseases (Scolding 1999a). In not one of these neurological conditions has a single controlled therapeutic trial been reported, and much that is published on these conditions is misleading or inaccurate. And yet the frequency with which the diagnosis is only confirmed or even first emerges at autopsy bears stark witness to both the severity and evasiveness of these disorders.
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Noll, Mark A. The Bible and Scriptural Interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Evangelicalism was the chief factor moulding the theology of most Protestant Dissenting traditions of the nineteenth century, dictating an emphasis on conversions, the cross, the Bible as the supreme source of teaching, and activism which spread the gospel while also relieving the needy. The chapter concentrates on debates about conversion and the cross. It begins by emphasizing that the Enlightenment and above all its principle of rational inquiry was enduringly important to Dissenters. The Enlightenment led some in the Reformed tradition such as Joseph Priestley to question not only creeds but also doctrines central to Christianity, such as the Trinity, while others, such as the Sandemanians, Scotch Baptists, Alexander Campbell’s Restorationists, or the Universalists, privileged the rational exegesis of Scripture over more emotive understandings of faith. In the Calvinist mainstream, though, the Enlightenment created ‘moderate Calvinism’. Beginning with Jonathan Edwards, it emphasized the moral responsibility of the sinner for rejecting the redemption that God had made available and reconciled predestination with the enlightened principle of liberty. As developed by Edwards’s successors, the New England theology became the norm in America and was widely disseminated among British Congregationalists and Baptists. It entailed a judicial or governmental conception of the atonement, in which a just Father was forced to exact the Son’s death for human sinfulness. The argument that this just sacrifice was sufficient to save all broke with the doctrine of the limited atonement and so pushed some higher Calvinists among the Baptists into schism, while, among Presbyterians, Princeton Seminary retained loyal to the doctrine of penal substitution. New England theology was not just resisted but also developed, with ‘New Haven’ theologians such as Nathaniel William Taylor stressing the human component of conversion. If Calvinism became residual in such hands, then Methodists and General and Freewill Baptists had never accepted it. Nonetheless they too gave enlightened accounts of salvation. The chapter dwells on key features of the Enlightenment legacy: a pragmatic attitude to denominational distinctions; an enduring emphasis on the evidences of the Christian faith; sympathy with science, which survived the advent of Darwin; and an optimistic postmillennialism in which material prosperity became the hallmark of the unfolding millennium. Initially challenges to this loose consensus came from premillennial teachers such as Edward Irving or John Nelson Darby, but the most sustained and deep-seated were posed by Romanticism. Romantic theologians such as James Martineau, Horace Bushnell, and Henry Ward Beecher rejected necessarian understandings of the universe and identified faith with interiority. They emphasized the love rather than the justice of God, with some such as the Baptist Samuel Cox embracing universalism. Late nineteenth-century Dissenters followed Anglicans in prioritizing the incarnation over the atonement and experiential over evidential apologetics. One final innovation was the adoption of Albrecht Ritschl’s claim that Jesus had come to found the kingdom of God, which boosted environmental social activism. The shift from Enlightenment to romanticism, which provoked considerable controversy, illustrated how the gospel and culture had been in creative interaction.