Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accès à la justice – Mauritanie'
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Thiam, Chouaibou. "L'accès à la justice en Mauritanie." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0727.
Full textThe proclamation of the human rights, essential foundation of the democracy and the state of right, cannot be efficient if the equal access to the justice is not really assured. The international engagements of Mauritania fix him similar objectives besides. Indeed everybody feels at least confusedly, the importance of the justice in the society and more especially in a State of right. Of all the rights and liberties affirmed, the one relative to the access to the justice dons a particular importance. So that the person subject to trial recovers a confidence in the justice it is necessary to raise all obstacles imperatively to the working of the jurisdictions, to facilitate their access to the litigants and to guarantee the equality before them. This thesis has for objective, to drive a global reflection on the relative problems in the access to the justice. Our work must act as basis to the development by the government of a law project reforming the access to the justice in Mauritania
Cheikh, Abdellahi Ould Ahmed Babou. "Le système judiciaire mauritanien." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE0001.
Full textBa, Ngary. "Le système judiciaire mauritanien : unité de juridiction et dualité de régimes." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0755.
Full textThe first legal organization in Mauritania dates from June 27, 1961 with the law N° 61-012. This organization was marked by a duality based on separation, Muslims right / modern right «to the pregnancy of Islam combines the influence of the modern right" and the existence of two distinct bodies: magistrates and cadis. This situation will develop from 1983 towards a unification of the two orders with fusion of the bodies. Nevertheless, this choice of the legislator did not put an end to the persistence of a "composite justice" with two schools having, each one, a formation, a vision and a methodology different from the other. This reality, and its taking into account by the legislator, will constitute with the political and constitutional framework, the factors more determining when with the quality of justice in Mauritania. The adoption of the Constitution of July 20, 1991 opened the way with a new legal framework marked by a constitutional liberalism proclaiming public freedoms and the principle of "the independence" of justice This constitutional evolution was followed by the reform of 1994 hopelessly aiming at adapting the legislative framework to the new requirements of an independent justice, through the recognition of a certain number of guarantees of independence by the organic law 94-012 of February 17, 1994. In 1999 a new legal organization was adopted. This reform had been fixed like objectives to ensure a greater specialization of the rooms the level of the regional courts and course of call; thus q' a revision of the collegial structure and the introduction of the principle of the single judge to the level of the courts of first authority. In practice, the adoption as of these texts had only one weak impact on the situation of the legal sector. Indeed, on the one hand independence never concretized fault of political good-will and dynamism of the actors of justice and, on the other hand the specialization of the rooms proved not very realistic and could be tested only in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou
DIAWARA, LASSANA BAKARY MEERPOEL ANDRE. "LE NOUVEAU DROIT JUDICIAIRE MAURITANIEN A LA RECHERCHE DE SON IDENTITE ENTRE MODERNITE ET TRADITION /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Lassana_Bakary.Diawara.DMZ9704.pdf.
Full textDiawara, Lassana Bakary. "Le nouveau droit judiciaire mauritanien à la recherche de son identité entre modernité et tradition." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Lassana_Bakary.Diawara.DMZ9704.pdf.
Full textThe inducement to choose as the subject of this dissertation mauritania's new judicial law and its attempt to reconcile modernity and tradition probably originates in the uncertainty aroused by the phase of legal changes this country is undergoing currently. The present dithering between modernity and tradition shows that the question cannot be overlooked by anyone wishing to comprehend the true nature of judicial law in mauritania and its ongoing evolution. Demonstrating that a synthesis can be achieved, but more specifically that it is required, is the driving force of this dissertation, which is divided into two parts : first I will attempt to show that mauritania's judicial law is somewhat impaired by a striking vagueness that can be put down to the dulling impact of syncretism, which brings together legitimacy , i. E. Tradition, and necessity, i. E. Modernity. In my second part, i will advocate a much needed synthesis which proves both fertile and unifying. However, such a synthesis will not be possible unless a thorough effort of adaptation of muslim law is undertaken to fit new circumstances, without falling back upon either syncretism or shallow eclecticism
El, Arbi Ahmed Salem. "Etalement urbain et inégalités sociales et environnementales : cas de Nouadhibou - Mauritanie." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3002.
Full textFurther to the consequences of important periods of drought (1960s, 1970 and 1980), thenomadic / rural world was emptied of his inhabitants who came suddenly to settle down in thelarge Mauritanian urban centers. These socio-spatial changes transformed deeply theMauritanian society, consisting of Arabic speakers (Arab-Berber called Bîdhanes and thefreed people or ex-slaves called Haratines) and African languages speakers (Fulanis, Wolofs,Soninké and Bambara). In terms of town planning and availability of basic social services, thecities of the country were not prepared for a successful inclusion of the new migrants. As aconsequence, the expansion of the Mauritanian cities was characterized by a fast developmentand by striking socio-spatial disparities. The Mauritanian coast counts only two cities:Nouakchott (capital of the country) and Nouadhibou (the economic capital) which underwentmore anthropological pressure than the other cities in the country, because they offer moreemployment opportunities and access to urban services. Our main hypothesis is that the socialinequality to the lands’ access is at the origin of the uncontrolled urban growth ofNouadhibou. What is the reaction of the populations in front of the uneven access to the landsof Nouadhibou? What are the social and environmental inequalities produced by the processof Nouadhibou’s urban growth? Who lived mainly in the unplanned (“spontaneous”) districtsand the suburbs of Nouadhibou? Our approach consists in tracking the urban evolution ofNouadhibou to measure and characterize the scale of its urban growth, identify its causes aswell as the social and environmental inequalities which are associated to it. We used firstlysatellite pictures and mathematical analyses to measure the urban growth. Then we hadinterviews with families living in various urban zones of the city, based on two approaches,quantitative (160 households) and qualitative (15 households). We created a databasecontaining indicators that measure the undergone disparities, and described the daily real-lifeexperience of the inhabitants. The collected data were analyzed with Shinx V5 software andused for the realization of about ten thematic maps on Map Info.The results of our study show that the social inequalities of access to the urban lands, via theprocess of allocation, are striking in Nouadhibou. Only 93 lands were attributed between 1975and 1984 in spite of increased needs in housing (at the beginning of 1980s, half of thehabitations were spontaneous). Between 1990 and 2002, 92,96 % of the granted lands wereattributed by competent authorities, often in strange and opaque conditions. The genesis of thespontaneous districts (Kebba) reflects the forces of opposition created by the inhabitants toface this type of social inequality. The process of land regularization of the spontaneousdistricts (started in 1985), consisting in rehousing the inhabitants in new urban zones, led toan excessive urban growth. Realization of the urban infrastructures did not follow the processof growing, which is at the origin of social (problem of transport and access to schools, lackof pharmacies…) and environmental inequalities (difficulty of access to the drinkable waterand to electricity, absence of garbage’s collection services…), especially in suburbs.Haratines, who lived previously in the extremities of the Moorish nomadic camps, represent62 % (of our sample) of the spontaneous districts inhabitants and 73 % of the familiesconsulted in the new suburbs of El Weva, where the urban growth of Nouadhibou occurredduring the last years
Vieu, Jean-Baptiste. "Les Maisons de Justice et du Droit : une perspective de rénovation de la Justice ?" Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10001.
Full textJustice and Law’s Houses are born on empirical initiatives from attorneys, politicians and lawyers. Since 1998, and the 18th december Act (n°98-1163), they are officialy included in the french legal system. That allows their massive spread. First, these houses take place on prevention of delinquency, help for victims, and principaly local access to the law (providing free legal advices). Second, they are new places besides the courts which receive dispute treatment, by using Alternative Dispute Resolution (A. D. R). If they join the Justice civil service, their creation is optional and restricted on a district area. The Justice and Law’s Houses’ role and its expansion opportunities change the Justice’s classical understanding. Can they give an efficient answer to the national scheme concerning disputes prevention or treatment ? Does alternative follow processual guarantees for individual rights ? How can courts be associated ? In order to answer these questions, this work shows modestly how can Justice and Law’s Houses upgrade Justice in France
Bruneau, Delphine. "La proximité de la justice : Approche franco-québécoise." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10019.
Full textNgoumbango, Kohetto Jocelyn. "L'accès au droit et à la justice des citoyens en République centrafricaine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987518.
Full textAmi, Mohamed. "La justice en Mauritanie et le droit à un procès équitable : obstacles, insuffisances et propositions d'amélioration." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH13.
Full textAs the judicial institution in democratic societies is the guarantor of the rights and freedoms of individuals, such institution must have all the means that allow it to play this role. Mauritania has known in its modern history the establishment of the judicial power, through two important steps. First was in the French colonialism, which has ruled the country for several decades, and the last was after independence with the codification of the first judicial organization in Mauritania on June 27, 1961 by Law No. 61-012. In Mauritania, justice had as a whole suffered from several problems and access to justice for all citizens is hindered by many obstacles, and threatened by a number of shortcomings. Today, the right to a fair trial is a primary right, guaranteed by a set of principles derived from international conventions as a part of human rights. The right to a fair trial is recognized as the fundamental among the human being rights but there are some conditions that must be met to ensure a fair trial in order to protect the rights of individuals. In order to highlight and clarify the obstacles observed in these aspects, this study reviews the organization of justice in the country, as well as it tries to provide an analysis of the places of the deficiencies as well as the impediments causing by socioeconomic reasons and organization and also the non-compliance with the international requirement in this area. This study gives some proposals, through the revision of the texts by introducing more strongly some principles. in particular the principle of collegiality, and the right of defense and by strengthening the prerogatives of the unique judge in the first instance courts and also in providing more specialization of the magistrates as well at the courts of the first instances as at the level of the appeal court. All these proposals aim to improve the current situation, for setting up the minimal conditions for a fair trial, because the violation of the right to a fair trial remains great concern for all humanity
Brero, Noël. "L'assurance et l'accès à la justice : approche critique." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0019.
Full textDa, Lozzo Michaël. "La réalisation de l’accès à la justice dans l’Espace européen de justice : une contribution à la résolution des litiges commerciaux transfrontières." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10033/document.
Full textThe European Union experiences a growing number of cross-border commercial disputes (between professionals or between a professional and a consumer). These litigations shall be resolved at the demand of the claimant, so s/he can enjoy his/her substantial rights. Hence, it is essential to guarantee access to justice, whether public or private, within this European area of justice. To this end, the EU has a shared competence to adopt rules facilitating access to justice (art. 67 §4 Treaty FEU). Considered as an objective and a fundamental right, access to justice shall be realized through judicial cooperation law of the Union. This analysis shall reveal its richness as well as its lacuna. Therefore, one must determine how the European area of justice shall reach this objective of access to justice to allow the settlement of cross-boarder commercial disputes
Cseke, Nóra. "Accès au juge et aux procédures d'asile à la lumière des droits européen, allemand et français." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA004.
Full textThe effectiveness of access to asylum bodies depends on a combination of several factors which are not derived solely from national law. The sine qua non of the effectiveness of such access is a harmonious reception by the various Member States of the procedural guarantees essential to it and defined at European level, which presupposes, however, a balanced relationship between ECHR law and Union law built in a spirit of dialogue. In establishing this dialogue, the EU legislator, like the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, plays an essential role, and if this dialogue were to prove dissonant, national law could still correct any shortcomings thus noted. To this end, it is certainly necessary to establish a dialogue also at national level, not only with the EU legislator and the European courts but also between the administrative and judicial authorities at State level. Ultimately, the effectiveness of this access is also essential in a cross-border dimension in order to further approximate national legislation and to propose a European solution to the structural and systemic problems characterizing this access
Wade, Mame Ndiaga. "Accès au juge constitutionnel et constitutionnalisation du droit : approche comparée avec l'Allemagne, l'Italie et l'Espagne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1071/document.
Full textThe direct access of individuals to constitutional justice has the tendency in Germany and Spain, contrary to France and Italy where it does not exist, to modify the current and objective nature of the mission of constitutionalisation of the constitutional judge through the subjective goals individual and direct recourses. It triggers, on the other hand, on the side of the constitutional judge another function than the simple constitutionalisation of law that remains objective in the case of the indirect access, which is leading to the fundamentalisation of law, which has very subjective features. This is explaining the competition between the constitutional judge and the ordinary and European courts that leads the first to behave in Supreme Court in Germany and Spain where those review procedures exist. The fundamentalisation, which is a wider process than the constitutionalisation one, also oblige the constitutional judge to adapt and to get involved in the “circulation of legal solutions”
Ondo, Okemvele Armand Lylian. "La procédure orale." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4010.
Full textNobody can deny the ills of oral procedure. Indeed, there is a risk in so far as the rights of defence are concerned, when it comes to the fact of hearing all litigants to a case in particular. But, in spite of its inherent imperfections, oral procedure should keep on being, because so far it is the only way to allow a close trial. Which is essential in any democratic society. Thus, this means that oral procedure is, in tact. A needed tool for the service of law, and its endlessly growing challenges. This contribution of oral procedure in making law within the reach of everyone, is indeed expressed through the adaptability of its system, but it is also furthered by the procedure and jurisdiction on which it rests
Bikeye-Bi-Ndong, Ludmilia. "L'évolution générale de la justice gabonaise : entre le poids du passé et les difficultés actuelles." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED003.
Full textBétaille, Julien. "Les conditions juridiques de l'effectivité de la norme en droit public interne : illustrations en droit de l'urbanisme et en droit de l'environnement." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7c336217-f53e-44c5-9992-3021ecc2374d/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1007.pdf.
Full textThe legal norm exercises its function of direction of human conducts only if it produces effects on the real. Norm’s effectivity is influenced by several elements of the legal system. The identification of the legal conditions of the norm’s effectivity leads to underline the classic role of legal order’s coherence and sanction. Nevertheless, those conditions are not exclusive. Other elements of the legal system are intended to amplify norm’s effectivity. On the one hand, norm’s conception influences its effectivity. Its qualities, the adoption and the selection of its implementation norms and instruments as well as the confidence of its recipients are legal conditions of effectivity. On the other hand, in terms of norm’s reception, access to justice granted to its recipients, its interpretation by the judge and the powers that are allocated to the latter exercise as well an influence on the effectivity. Relations of implication can be established between those different elements of the legal system and the norm’s effectivity. However, the assessment of the legal conditions of the effectivity in respect of positive law shows that those relations of implication are supple in view of the limits intrinsic in those conditions. It suggests as well that effectivity is often partial and that the knowledge of the legal conditions of the effectivity could be supplemented by that of non- legal conditions of the effectivity
Désy, Alexandre. "Les coûts et les délais judiciaires de la médiation judiciaire : les discours théoriques et pratiques sous le regard de l'analyse économique du droit." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6105.
Full textHountohotegbe, Sèdjro Axel-Luc. "Repenser la procédure civile : les enjeux théoriques de l'accès à la justice et l'hypothèse de la régulation sociale par l'intégration des modes extrajudiciaires de prévention et de règlement des différends (PRD)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28329.
Full textLa thèse analyse en théorie du droit l’évolution de la procédure civile sous l’angle des enjeux de l’accès à la justice. Elle formule l’hypothèse d’un modèle de régulation sociale qui opère un renversement de la perspective moniste positiviste classique par l’intégration des modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. La thèse répond à la question de recherche suivante : Quels fondements théoriques à l’évolution de la procédure civile pour l’amélioration de l’accès à la justice ? D’un point de vue méthodologique, la thèse opte pour une démarche théorique et documentaire. Elle emprunte aux principales Écoles de théories du droit, en particulier à l’École sociologique. Le cadre théorique s’appuie alors sur les théories du pluralisme juridique, des systèmes et du réseau. Ces théories irriguent la thèse tout entière et servent de grille analytique aux deux parties principales de celle-ci. Dans la première partie, la thèse délimite et précise le concept d’accès à la justice. En trois chapitres, cette première partie s’attèle méthodiquement à déconstruire les acceptions dominantes institutionnelles et restrictives du concept. Elle aboutit à l’élaboration d’une définition innovante à valeur théorique et pratique de l’accès à la justice. Dans la seconde partie, l’analyse porte sur l’évolution des paradigmes de la procédure civile. En trois chapitres, elle pose une critique du système dominant de règlement des conflits en général et de la procédure civile en particulier qui reposent sur le droit selon les principes de hiérarchie des normes. La thèse déconstruit cette vision, puis propose une théorie générale supportant la légitimité des modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. Finalement, la recherche suggère une évolution de la procédure civile et soumet à cet effet un modèle de système de justice alternatif intégrant les modes extrajudiciaires de PRD. Le modèle de régulation proposé est non antinomique et complémentaire au modèle dominant. Le modèle de régulation sociale construit dans la thèse s’articule autour de trois paradigmes fondamentaux à savoir la décentralisation, la multipolarité et la complémentarité. La thèse constitue un compendium d’analyses et soumet un cadre de référence des paradigmes de base d’un système de justice renouvelé pour l’amélioration de l’accès à la justice.
The thesis analyzes the evolution of civil procedure in terms of access to justice issues in theory of law. It makes the assumption of a model of social regulation which operates a reversal of the classic positivist monistic perspective by the integration of the extrajudicial modes of PRD. The thesis responds to the following research question: what theoretical foundations to the evolution of civil procedure for the improvement of access to justice? From a methodological point of view, the thesis opts for a theoretical and documentary approach. It borrows from the main schools of theories of law, in particular the sociological school. The theoretical framework is then based on theories of legal pluralism, the systems and the network. These theories irrigate the whole thesis and serve as the two main parts of the analytic grid. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the accuracy of the concept of access to justice. In three chapters, this first part is working methodically to deconstruct the dominant meanings institutional and narrowing of the concept. It leads to the development of an innovative theoretical definition and practical access to justice. In the second part, the analysis focuses on the evolution of the paradigms of the civil procedure. In three chapters, it poses a critique of System dominant rules of conflict in general and civil procedure in particular which are based on the law according to the principles of hierarchy of norms. The thesis deconstructed this vision, and then proposes a general theory supporting the legitimacy of the extrajudicial modes of PRD. Finally, the research suggests an evolution of civil procedure and submits to this effect an alternative justice system model not oxymoronic, but complementary to the dominant model integrating extrajudicial modes of PRD. The social regulation model built and submit in the thesis revolves around three paradigms fundamental namely decentralisation, multipolarity and complementarity. The thesis is a compendium of analyses and submits a frame of reference of the paradigms of a justice system for the improvement of access to justice.
Barailler, Caroline. "L'oralité en procédure civile." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0005.
Full textPiazzon, Amélie. "L'oralité judiciaire." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10059.
Full textThe importance of speech with regards to procedural rules is nowadays questioned while legal writing on these issues becomes the norm. Trial language is now written whatever the rules of argument - by speech or by writ. A debate has its advantages in matters of accessibility, speed and negotiating, yet it has many downturns, especially with rules of evidence. Unless considering it as an expensive and outmoded judicial trinket, it is necessary to ponder on the deep reasons for this evolution. The use of eloquence in the judicial arena remains necessary for a democracy: it ensures respect of fair trial by showing a down-to-earth point of view. Meanwhile, taking debating into account doesn’t mean rejecting written arguments: it suggests symbiosis. Although formalism is important in French law, return to eloquence is not to be cast aside. It has its place in procedural rules and nowadays the fundamental requirements for a fair trial along with the rise of new technologies should bring upon a new way of delivering a legal speech
Ursachi, Raluca. "La justice de transition en Roumanie postcommuniste : Usages politiques du passé." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010320.
Full textBideau, Cécile. "L'accès de l'enfant à la justice : en droit français et en droit québécois." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_bideau_c.pdf.
Full textA comparative study between French and Quebec Law reveals that under French Law, less importance is given to the protection of the child than to his rights. Apart from specific procedures such as youth protection or penal procedures, access to justice for minors is still limited. The minor may only address the tribunal individually in exceptional circumstances. The right to be heard, recognized under the January 8th, 1993 Act, is still not applied properly. Quebec Law has found a balance between the protection a child needs and the exercice of his rights. The diversity of the systems developed under Quebec Law enables the child's access to the tribunal while preserving his interests
Gauvin, Fanny. "Le litige, le juge et l'assureur de protection juridique." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4016.
Full textLaiche, Mounia. "L'évolution de la justice en Algérie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0027.
Full textJudiciary is as ancient and universal aspiration, but human societies have not yet reached a consensus regarding its organization and mode of operation. The judiciary is strongly linked to the history of each people. Nevertheless, the general principles governing judiciary, seems to become a human heritage, particularly regarding the independence and impartiality of courts, the right to access to justice, equality before the law ... From this paradox between universality and relativity of judiciary, feeds our research entitled " the evolution of justice in Algeria
Dornel, Flora. "Open data des données judiciaires : entre transparence de la justice et droit à la vie privée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67168.
Full textLe projet de recherche s’inscrit dans le contexte du mouvement d’open legal data, c’est-à-dire des données judiciaires ouvertes. En effet, que ce soit en France ou au Canada, les données judiciaires font l’objet d’une législation en faveur de l’open data. Les données judiciaires sont mises à la disposition des citoyens, de manière variable selon les systèmes juridiques. La question qui est au cœur du problème est l’affrontement de deux valeurs fondamentales : le droit du public à la transparence de l’administration de la justice, qui justifie que les données judiciaires soient consultables, et le droit de l’individu à la protection de sa vie privée.
This research project is set within the broader context of the open data movement, namely that of open judicial data. This type of data has been subject to legislation in favour of open data both in France and in Canada. Each legal system has a different approach as to how judicial data is made available to the population. The underlying issue is the interplay between two fundamental rights: the collective right to an open and transparent justice system, which in turn justifies the openness of judicial data, and the individual right to privacy.
Pohn-Weidinger, Axel. "Écrire dans les plis du droit social : une sociologie du dossier." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084072.
Full textIn the wake of the transformation of the French welfare state, the conditions for gaining access to social rights have changed. Since the 1980s, social policies target smaller populations and increase the control over the “good use” of public money by making greater demands on individuals in return for subsidies. The question is whether this transformation creates distance between vulnerable populations and social institutions? In order to describe how individuals gain eligibility to social law under these new circumstances, this thesis takes a close look at the practices of writing that are meant to establish a “good record”. The ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in the archives and at the counters of a municipal administration, at a social housing office, at an association for over-indepted citizens, at a welfare office, at the state secretary for poverty, as well as with overindepted families. Filling out forms, gathering papers to prove over-indeptedness, and appealing to a decision before the state secretary: “paperwork” is a multiform activity, drawing on various ways of thinking about oneself and about legality. As legal categories can change their meaning and implications from one institutional frame to another, how do individuals establish coherence within their file? By following citizens and files through a highly differentiated administrative landscape, this thesis highlights the immense amount of cognitive, emotional, biographical and legal work necessary to gain access to social rights
Jeannin, Laure. "Le droit au recours juridictionnel des personnes privées en droit public comparé franco-allemand." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010325.
Full textChalas, Christelle. "L'exercice discrétionnaire de la compétence juridictionnelle en droit international privé." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010301.
Full textSantorineos, Anne-Marie. "L’accès à la justice en matière de droits de la personne : les discours juridiques sous le regard de la typologie des cinq vagues élaborée par Roderick A. Macdonald." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11056.
Full textYoulou, Philippe. "Tradition et mimétisme dans le fonctionnement de la justice francophone : le cas de la République du Congo." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0052.
Full textLejeune, Aude. "Nul n'est censé être ignoré par le(s) droit(s) : politiques d'accès au droit et à la justice en Belgique et en France." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DENS0014.
Full textLegal aid allows access to social and political citizenship. In a context where the transformation of social policies seeks to empower laypeople, lawyers are encouraged to intervene before litigations in order to pass "Iegal consciousness" on laypeople. Through this process, citizcns could be able to defend and promote their rights in everyday life. Beside legal assistance in which disadvantaged people can be assisted by a lawyer in their litigations, legal aid policy offers legal support and expertise in or outside litigation. My PhD dissertation analyses how public authorities and lawyers take in charge legal aid in two countries: Belgium and France. Both terms of comparison have been selected for their historical, legal and cultural proximity. However, they are characterized by very different State and Civil Society traditions. The main focus lies on the relation between the mobilization of law and the institutional contexts in which lawyers provide legal aid. This approach allows me to highlight the formation of innovative social and political mobilizations of law. This process is linked with recent social policies' and, more broadly, public policies' transformations
Lucas, Olivier. "Pour un droit processuel de la consommation." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10405.
Full textNuchprayool, Bajrawan. "L'accès au juge administratif en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32004.
Full textThe Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2007 defines an overhaul of the administrative courts with the separated jurisdictions in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedom of all citizens against the misused of state power, to repair any damages caused by the administration, and to control the legality of administrative acts. Moreover, the regulations on how to bring the cases to courts are simplified into uncomplicated written form and can be conducted without a lawyer. Since in the inquisitorial system lets the judge to gather evidences as to conduct the investigations with the administration.However, there are some restrictions about bringing cases to courts which included the conditions of the applicant's abilities to act and "the circle of interest to sue". This perspective of the fundamental aspects of administrative lawsuit has been influenced by western countries, including France. This research study both the theoretical and practical dimensions on how to bring cases to administrative courts which reflect current and future situation through the analysis of the Thai and French administrative lawsuit systems
Njupouen, Isaac Bolivar René. "Dynamiques alternatives pour l'accès au droit et à la justice dans un contexte de pauvreté : enjeux de l'état de droit, de la gouvernance et du développement durable." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090036/document.
Full textThis research work focuses on the multiple agents of access to law and justice for the poor. In the current context marked by the globalization of capitalism, we witness the ever growing judiciarisation of society which seems to result from the former phenomenon; people increasingly seek to be subjects of law and everything or almost everything refers to justice.In the meantime, the disproportionate wealth of some people and impoverishment of others has not reduced the gap and tension between the rich and the poor, the strong and the weak. While justice is a natural fundamental need for every human being, to access the judicial machinery and to rightfully obtain a favorable court ruling is, to some extent perceived in many societies, wrongly or rightly, as being the privilege of the richest and of the strongest. Thus, many initiatives, be they at personal, social, cultural, citizens’ or international level, are developed, with the aim to break such determinism by lending a hand to the needy, so as to enable them get access to justice. In effect, facing the costly and intricate nature of the institutional justice system, multiple actors are getting themselves available for poor citizens. This is possible through internal alternative or similar mechanisms to institutional justice.These emerging or re-emerging forms of justice, in both the private and public spheres, seeking to fit to the rationality of the modern law or which belong to other rationalities and cultures, question on one hand the Rule of Law, governance and development, and on the other hand, universalism and the sense of identity. This requires finding through each of these forms of justice, the proof that it contributes to the defense of the universal human rights, a consequence of the Subjectivation
Lhuillier, Julien. "La bonne administration de la Justice pénale en Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0157.
Full textIn a European comparative perspective, a study of administration of Justice andassessment of its quality means to anticipate what an independent and democratic Justice should be in the XXIst century. By carrying out comparative exercises in this field, the Council of Europe - and namely the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice - has created an assessment framework and an efficient network of pilot courts, which put the Commission's endeavors ahead of any similar works done by other organizations. The diversity of judicial systems that make part of the Council of Europe offers large possibilities for comparison, which allow sampling and categorizing of different States and elaboration of relevant quality indicators. In Europe, citizens and political classes criticize the circumstances under which Justice is rendered. However, in contrast with the past, the critique does not target specific decisions rendered in a particular case, but more so the administration of the case by the entire chain of the judicial mechanism. Quality indicators are proliferating, at risk of hindering the quality of Justice rendered. In order to give an adequate reply to new demands of the citizens, without infringing independence and quality of Justice, the European States should themselves assessthe quality of Justice administration and put this issue in the heart of the public debate. In the First part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of justice allows to identify certain quality indicators relating to different forms of independence and transparency of Justice. Also, it raises the question of the new place that should be conferred to the user of Justice during the process and the timeframes to which his case is subjected. The study shows that, in the end, the quest for fair administration of Justice has a great role to play in ensuring structural and ethical independence during selection and appointment of magistrates, as wellas during their entering into function and their exercise thereof. The different levelsconsidered - institutional, functional and personal - allow projecting possible ways ofevolution of the matter in Europe, including in France where the executive power still plays an important role. Reforms aiming at making Justice closer to the user are recommended: by promoting exchange between users and different partners of jurisdictions, it will become easier to define the place of the users within the Justice system, to provide an adequate 11 remedy to their problems and to make useful the time that they spent awaiting a decision on their case.In the Second part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of Justice allows to identify multiple qualitative and quantitative indicators, which relate to the case flow, to the costs, to the quality of the procedures, as well as to the financial means allocated to Justice. The last title of the study provides a synthesis and a tool for practical use: it applies the previously identified indicators to different fields of assessment and designates to every indicator the most pertinent assessment methods. The interest and the novelty of the present research reside in the comparison of the different Justice models, going beyond a purely conceptual, -architectural - approach of Justice administration and exploiting qualitative and quantitative criteria elaborated by Working Groups of international organizations. Fair administration of Justice is not only the Justice rendered and quantified by courts' activity reports. It also reflects the capacity of the Justice system to make accept and respect - by the judiciary, as well as by the public opinion - the common European criteria of "fair justice"
Ngoli, Mouckoda Nancy. "Le droit à la justice au Gabon face aux dérives de la coutume." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC046.
Full textThe right to justice in Gabon, which has taken various forms over time and space, is not always perceived as the right of an individual who believes that he has been wronged, to bring the allegations of his claim before a trial judge. In fact, some individuals, particularly in the family environment of the couple, stand up as judge and party in disregard of the legal principle of fair justice which exclusively empowers the competent judge in the course of a proceeding to determine the validity of a claim. It is in this context and given the attachment of the alleged litigants to a deviated custom, that an interest has attracted the attention to the question of the right to justice in Gabon in the face of customary abuses, particularly in the relationship of the couple and their families. Through this reality which suggests a gap between what the law provides, its perception by the populations and the use that they make of it, a discussion was conducted to find out how to achieve a real social fear of the positive law?This led on the one hand, to apprehend the drifts of the custom at the stage of the important events of the life of the couple. And on the other hand, to search for what the justice in Gabon says about these phenomena. Thus, after analysis of these data, suggestions were made at the end of this thesis work to reflect on the need for a right in adequacy between its theory and its practice
Moon, Kwangjin. "Le droit du paysage en France et en Corée : étude comparée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D044/document.
Full textThe objects of this comparative law thesis are the transformation of the legal concept of landscape in France and Korea and the problems related to the administrative and jurisdictional procedures in landscape law of these two countries. Until the end of the twentieth century, these two countries’ law did not assume the subjective dimension of landscape, whereas this one is obvious in the relation with the aesthetics. In these circumstances, the protection and development of landscapes have been mainly indirectly taken into account in several legal areas. During the late twentieth century, the evolution of democracy highlighted the subjective dimension of landscape in law. In France, its subjective character has developed since the 1980s, particularly with the entry into force of the European Landscape Convention of 2000, and in Korea, from the 1990s, in particular with the drafting of the act of 17 May 2007. Since landscape policies and administration are no longer the preserve of experts and public power, it is important to ensure citizens’ access to landscape information and their participation in decision-making related to landscape. Such a democratization of the landscape law can be consolidated by the judicial review of landscape administration through the guarantee of access to justice
Boucher, Éliane. "Mobiliser les connaissances en linguistique dans la recherche de l’intelligibilité du texte de loi : l’exemple de la structure de la phrase comme outil pour favoriser l’accès à la justice pour tous." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40501.
Full textAmado, Neto Jorge. "Conciliação, mediação e acesso à justiça através dos acordos extrajudiciais: o fortalecimento da cidadania por meio dos Balcões de Justiça e Cidadania." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2013. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/281.
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A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a o fortalecimento da cidadania por intermédio dos Balcões de Justiça e Cidadania – instituições criadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia como auxiliares do Poder Judiciário – no contexto da atual dinâmica social de pacificação de conflitos. Esta pesquisa terá como fontes de estudo a doutrina, as manifestações políticas e jurídicas ainda que de natureza não doutrinária, a legislação e os dados oficiais fornecidos por organismos públicos de natureza nacional ou internacional. Neste sentido se buscará traçar os parâmetros históricos que delinearam conceitos, elementos e objetivos do acesso à justiça como instrumento de pacificação social nos ordenamentos jurídicos que influenciaram o direito brasileiro. Para tanto, se tratará tal perspectiva tendo como baliza os elementos normativos presentes na composição da ordem jurídica vigente, e mais especialmente baseando-se nos dispositivos previstos na Constituição Federal. Desta análise constitucional sobre os vieses do acesso à justiça, se propõe utilizar a hermenêutica para identificar suas múltiplas conceituações e as consequentes formas de concretização. Dar-se-á enfoque aos litígios apresentados aos Balcões de Justiça e Cidadania – partes do objeto do presente estudo – para que seja averiguado o sucesso das iniciativas extrajudiciais de acesso à justiça, partindo do pressuposto de que os litígios resolvidos por meio de acordos teriam possibilidade maior de trazer às partes, mutuamente, a satisfação dos seus interesses, em detrimento daqueles litígios que findam com a efetiva sentença judicial, na qual as partes têm o seu direito imposto pelo magistrado. À parte de verificação de dados objetivos, se procederá com a análise dos laudos fornecidos pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia quanto ao grau de satisfação dos assistidos, no Balcão de Justiça e Cidadania. Acredita-se que tais manifestações apresentadas nos documentos oficiais do TJ/BA venham a confirmar esta efetividade dos métodos extrajudiciais de resolução de conflitos como suportes ao judiciário para o alcance do ideal de acesso à justiça.
Cette recherche vise à analyser le renforcement de la citoyenneté à travers les branches de la Justice et citoyenneté - les institutions créées par la Cour de justice de l'État de Bahia en tant qu'auxiliaires de la justice - dans le contexte de la dynamique actuelle de pacification sociale des conflits. Cette recherche permettra d'étudier les sources de la doctrine, des manifestations politiques et juridiques dans la nature mais pas la doctrine, législation et des données officielles fournies par public national ou international. En ce sens, nous allons essayer de retracer les paramètres historiques décrites concepts, les éléments et les objectifs de l'accès à la justice comme un instrument de la paix sociale dans les juridictions qui ont influencé la législation brésilienne. Ainsi, il permettra de traiter une telle perspective comme ayant tiré les éléments normatifs dans la composition du système juridique en vigueur, et plus précisément sur la base des dispositions énoncées dans la Constitution fédérale. Cette analyse constitutionnelle sur les biais de l'accès à la justice, il propose d'utiliser l'herméneutique afin d'identifier leurs multiples conceptualisations et les modes de réalisation qui en résultent. Il axera ses travaux aux différends soumis à bureaux Justice et citoyenneté - une partie de l'objet de cette étude - à examiner les initiatives réussies accès extrajudiciaires à la justice, dans l'hypothèse où le règlement des litiges par des accords seraient plus de chances d'amener les parties satisfaisant mutuellement leurs intérêts au détriment de ces différends qu'ils cessent avec la décision du tribunal efficace, dans lequel les parties ont leur obligation imposée par le juge. Hormis à des fins de vérification des données, il sera à l'analyse des rapports fournis par la Cour de justice de l'État de Bahia dans le degré de satisfaction des bénéficiaires, le Tour Justice et citoyenneté. On croit que de telles démonstrations présentées dans les documents officiels du TJ / BA confirmeront cette efficacité des méthodes extrajudiciaires de résolution des conflits soutient la magistrature pour atteindre l'idéal de l'accès à la justice.
Stamboulous, Artémis. "La participation du public et l'évaluation des incidences environnementales en droits communautaire, français et grec." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR30026.
Full textDamage to the environment through human activity and economic development has resulted in the establishment of the environmental assessment principle into the European’s Union, French and Greek legal orders. It evaluates the impact that projects, plans and programs may have on the environment and public health. The public must take part in this evaluation that may affect its life and the environment. The principle of public participation in the environmental protection is constituted of three distinct principles; Access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters. The application of these principles requires not only the environmental education of citizens but also the reorganisation of the decisional process
Dos, Santos Lauriane. "Faire justice aux marges : une ethnographie à bord des "tribunaux spéciaux itinérants" du Brésil (État de l'Amapá, région amazonienne)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0164.
Full textThe thesis looks back at the establishment of the “special circuit courts” (juizados especiais itinerantes) in contemporary Brazil (from 1996 to now). Those are mobile courts that are specialized in “small dispute” settlement and the so-called "small claims" of the citizens – implying family, neighborhood or even land issues. They are aimed to ensure a presence of the judicial institution of the State in the spaces that are the most distant from it: both in a geographical and in a socio-cultural way. They have been created after the autocratic period, during the process of re-democratization of the regime, in order to allow a broader access to State justice for the poorest and the most marginalized parts of society, by providing them new free legal servicesThis research follows the path of one of the first courts of this type to be set up across the country. In the state of Amapá (region of Amazon), near French Guiana and Suriname, every two months, judges and conciliators of justice leave their offices in the city center to undertake journeys of several days or even weeks, sailing on the Amazon to the most remote villages and hamlets in their constituency. Once arrived in those localities, they settle the conflicts the inhabitants may have, by delivering what they define as a fast, effective and conciliatory justice. The thesis is based on a five-years field research in this Amazonian part of Brazil. By reading (the archives), by listening (during interviews) and by observing daily (through ethnography) the agents of justice, one can analyze in very concrete terms the judicial work they implement in the spaces they visit. At the hearing, as during the ordinary interactions between agents of justice and litigants, it is not only the access to law and justice which is provided as a resource to the inhabitants : it is also a legal shaping of lives and a moral adjustment of local social behaviors that takes place.Then the analyzes emphasize on the representations as on the practices of the judicial agents, by using both a diverse and qualitative data base. It shows how the judicial institution grasps the local daily lives in the visited villages. By intervening in the adjustment of relationships, both with oneself and with others, and by redefining locally the ways of being and living, the judicial institution then reveals itself and its central function in the social and moral and political regulation of society, provided that it is itself structured by social relations that go beyond it, and that it also reproduces in some way
Djie, Bouin Wilfried. "Le droit à un procès équitable et la justice transitionnelle dans la reconstruction du système juridique et politique ivoirien." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10052/document.
Full textThe issue of the research deals with fair trial and transitional justice in Côte d'Ivoire. The problem at stake here is to see how the state of Côte d'Ivoire fail to protect and respect an international fondamental right as Fair trial in context of post crisis.It will be convenient to highliht the role of transitional justice and its mechanisms in the process of reinforcing respect and promotion of the right to a fair trial in Ivory Coast
Magord, Claire. "Le parcours contentieux de l'aide sociale." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STETT119.
Full textThe judicial accessing to rights to social assistance depends on the possibilities of access to the judges of welfare. The institutional and procedural specialization of litigation of welfare cases was made with legal and financial resources quite insufficient, to the point of underming access to rights. In its present form, it is a failure
Turcotte, Alexandre. "L'intégration des principes de la procédure applicables aux modes de prévention et de règlement des différends dans le nouveau "Code de procédure civile" : les effets envisagés sur l'accès à la justice civile au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26877.
Full textThe problem related to the lack of access to justice arises in all regions of the world. To solve this issue, the National Assembly of Quebec adopted, on February 20th, 2014, the Bill n°28, An Act to establish the new Code of Civil Procedure, 1st sess, 40th lég. In this regard, the preliminary provision indicates that the new Code of civil procedure (hereafter: “NCPC”), which now governs the procedure applicable to the dispute prevention and resolution processes (hereafter: “PRD”), is “designed to ensure the accessibility, quality and promptness of civil justice […]“. Beyond these words, which have a considerable interpretative value, this study analyzes to what extent the integration of the principles of procedure applicable to PRD in the NCPC may improve access to civil justice.
Colombet, Hélène. "L'obligation d'information sur les règles de droit." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STETT120.
Full textThe knowledge of the rules of the law appears to be equally imperative and challenging. The rules of the law are created for the benefit of members of the society. Their vocation is to be spread across the social sphere in order to reach their recipients, the citizens. However the acquisition of this knowledge is proving testing due to its complexity, inconsistency and abundance, yet, all should be aware of the law. The necessity to ensure access to the law and the effectiveness of the rules, has Iead to the development of the obligation of information on the rules of the law. This proposal has for effect to enable a persan "the debtor" to inform another "the creditor" of the informations regarding the rules of the law in effect. These are known as "push informations" which are supplied to anyone without being requested. This obligation of information is a way to ensure the protection of people in a position of weakness, it also provides guidance regarding the legal environment. lt is essential in order to exercise sound judgment to ensure the welfare of the persan.This thesis proposes to analyse the obligation of information on the rules of the law. lt will expose its singularity and organisation. On a wider scale, the study calls on the connection between the rules of law and the citizen. The focus is on the investigation of the reasons the authorities consider, the ever expanding knowledge of the rules, essential. Thereby, it is the opportunity to ponder the conditions of implementing the rules of the law, and more specifically, the role played by the knowledge of the rules in their implementation
Maillafet, Céline. "La constitutionnalisation de la justice administrative : Etude comparée des expériences française et italienne." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0094.
Full textFor long time, the doctrine took an active interest only in european conventionnal sources, but now constitutionalization of administrative justice is at work and of a great impact in France and Italy. A variety of aspects and many institutionnal players are intervening. For example, the Italian government in its legislative function, when was making new contentious administrative process rules, established in 2010, must take into account constitutionnal (and conventionnal) rules as interpreted by the Constitutionnal court. In France, constitutionalization, witch began in 1980’s, has intensified in accordance with the exam of constitutionality issues and even more so with the interventions of the Council of state in his advisory role in the preparation of laws and ordinances or in the internal rules about administrative justice’s member status and activities. However, constitutionalization results are variable. Independence, impartiality and administrative tribunal’s jurisdiction are under constitutionnal influence. On the other hand, the constitutionnal impact on the contentious administrative process is weak. The fact remains that administrative courts were, are and will be reformed with the impact of constitutionnal sources
Hountohotegbè, Sèdjro Axel-Luc. "Repenser la procédure civile : les enjeux théoriques de l’accès à la justice et l’hypothèse de la régulation sociale par l’intégration des modes extrajudiciaires de prévention et de règlement des différends (PRD)." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10582.
Full textAbstract : The thesis analyzes the evolution of civil procedure in terms of access to justice issues in theory of law. It makes the assumption of a model of social regulation which operates a reversal of the classic positivist monistic perspective by the integration of the extrajudicial modes of PRD. The thesis responds to the following research question: what theoretical foundations to the evolution of civil procedure for the improvement of access to justice? From a methodological point of view, the thesis opts for a theoretical and documentary approach. It borrows from the main schools of theories of law, in particular the sociological school. The theoretical framework is then based on theories of legal pluralism, the systems and the network. These theories irrigate the whole thesis and serve as the two main parts of the analytic grid. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the accuracy of the concept of access to justice. In three chapters, this first part is working methodically to deconstruct the dominant meanings institutional and narrowing of the concept. It leads to the development of an innovative theoretical definition and practical access to justice. In the second part, the analysis focuses on the evolution of the paradigms of the civil procedure. In three chapters, it poses a critique of System dominant rules of conflict in general and civil procedure in particular which are based on the law according to the principles of hierarchy of norms. The thesis deconstructed this vision, and then proposes a general theory supporting the legitimacy of the extrajudicial modes of PRD. Finally, the research suggests an evolution of civil procedure and submits to this effect an alternative justice system model not oxymoronic, but complementary to the dominant model integrating extrajudicial modes of PRD. The social regulation model built and submit in the thesis revolves around three paradigms fundamental namely decentralisation, multipolarity and complementarity. The thesis is a compendium of analyses and submits a frame of reference of the paradigms of a justice system for the improvement of access to justice.
Lahlou, Névine. "L'accès au droit dans la société de l'information." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D040.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study access to law as impacted by new technologies. It will first be a matter of studying the classical composition of access to law, through its legal foundations and different phenomena, both historical and sociological. The objective will then be to observe the evolution of this access when confronted to the digital world. New rights, but also new risks, have profoundly changed access to the law, both in how information is sought and how it is understood. These various observations will wield a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of access to law in France, namely through an inventory of existing practices and theories on the subject. In this context, new methodologies and proposals for the further development of access to the law will be considered, with the view of strengthening and perpetuating it
Réa, Frédérique. "L' oralité en matière prud'homale." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10067.
Full textThe spoken word is one of the specificities of tribunal proceedings. Although litigants are very attached to this tradition, it is also a source of problems for practitioners. The oral nature of the dispute before the employment tribunal ensures greater simplicity and a more direct access of employees to the judge. Even if the spoken word should, in principle, guarantee the efficiency, speed and flexibility of the institution concerned, the latter is faced with a completely different reality, which tends to underline its inadequacies at the dawn of the third millennium. It is necessary to analyze and assess the real place of the spoken word in employment tribunal today, what it represents and its mechanisms so that a study could be conduced to decide whether it should or could continue, and, if so, to propose appropriate changes guaranteeing its future