Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accès numériques'
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Ly, Anh Tuan. "Accès et utilisation de documents multimédia complexes dans une bibliothèque numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871651.
Full textSayah, Salima. "Indexation d'images par moments : accès par le contenu aux documents visuels." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0005.
Full textIn our works, the goal was to investigate methods to define visual search keys, in order to characterize and use them in indexing and search process applied to big image database. We have to implement a fast and efficient partial indexing system. First we proposed a new interest point detector based on invariant scale and intensity Harris detector. By using this detector we obtained an efficient and repeatable salient points, Tbose points are characterized in the description step. Our shape descriptor is based on radial Chebyshev moment invariants, this descriptor is robust to geometric transformations. In order to make it more effective we used the color invariants. Afler indexing, the search step is very important, we first clustered the feature vectors by using the PDDP and KNN algorithms. Afler that we used the Gouet interest points matching algorithm, that has been efficient for big sets of points by using geometric constraints that are robust whatever the imag transformations are
Le, Crosnier Hervé. "Réseau, bibliothèques et documents numériques : architecture informatique et construction sociale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204139.
Full textAvec le développement accéléré du numérique et des réseaux, nous sommes les témoins d'un basculement fantastique des activités humaines, qui porte sur l'expression de la culture et de la communication, la transformation des processus industriels, les relations inter-personnelles, les activités de travail et de loisir des individus, les conditions d'exercice de la démocratie.
En moins d'une vingtaine d'années, le nombre et la puissance des ordinateurs mis dans les mains des individus a explosé, offrant aux personnes et aux groupes une capacité de traitement inimaginable auparavant. Leur couplage avec l'interconnexion des réseaux a bousculé la donne culturelle, relationnelle, économique, politique, géopolitique, éducative, sociale, médiatique....
La maîtrise de techniques symboliques (traitement d'images, stockage de fichiers numériques, usage du réseau comme ressource d'information, recherche documentaire, transcodage de la musique, écriture et publication personnelle) s'est répandue comme une traînée de poudre dans le monde entier.
Les tranches d'âge concernées se sont élargies en quelques années. La jeunesse et plus encore l'adolescence faisant un large usage des médiations techniques dans sa sociabilité et son apprentissage personnel. Le troisième âge découvre avec intérêt les techniques numériques, de l'appareil photo au mail, qui les gardent en contact avec leur descendance. Les différences d'usage entre les sexes se réduisent, et le travail des groupes de femmes pour utiliser la technologie comme un outil d'égalité et de libération porte des fruits dans tous les types de communautés, notamment dans les pays en développement.
Les divers réseaux et pratiques immatérielles convergent de plus en plus vite vers un réseau ubiquitaire, mêlant intimement les activités de communication, de production symbolique (culture, connaissance et divertissement) et de diffusion. Les terminaux se diversifient, se font mobiles (baladeurs, ordinateurs portables, PDA, téléphones mobiles nouvelle génération...) et s'incrustent dans toutes les activités (travail, culture, loisir, vie quotidienne).
Les principes d'individualité, de vie privée, d'autonomie et même de citoyenneté ne sont plus des qualités intrinsèques aux personnes, mais ressortent de l'émergence de " technologies de la personnalité " et de systèmes d'exposition et de gestion de la personnalité (réseaux sociaux, systèmes d'identification, auto-publication, partage d'environnements culturels ou de jeux, mondes virtuels...).
Le " système nerveux " de l'économie mondiale repose sur ces échanges immatériels accrus, sur les formes nouvelles de production qu'ils permettent, et sur la valorisation et la monétarisation des activités de connaissance, de communication, d'éducation et d'échange. Ces événements technologiques accompagnent et rendent possibles, ou imaginables, d'autres bouleversements dans l'organisation du monde, souvent regroupés sous le terme de " mondialisation " d'une part et de " société de l'information " de l'autre.
Ces bouleversements massifs et en profondeur méritent une attention particulière de la recherche, afin d'analyser ce phénomène au moment même de son bouillonnement, et d'en dégager des principes, des concepts et des grilles d'analyse qui permettent :
- de proposer de nouvelles applications, protocoles et architectures, d'une part pour les sciences de l'ingénieur ;
- de replacer les pratiques sociales, économiques et culturelles qui se cristallisent et se recomposent dans le réseau et le numérique, au sein du fil global de l'histoire et des données de long terme ;
- de repérer les fractures qui se constituent, afin que les sciences humaines et sociales puissent jouer un rôle éclairant pour les citoyens et les acteurs politiques et économiques.
[...] et les derniers mots de la conclusion
Les questions du domaine public et des biens communs de l'information, parce qu'elles permettent d'imaginer une société dans laquelle la transmission et le partage des connaissances serait un moment essentiel de la socialisation et de la vie collective me semblent des questions centrales, qu'il faut encore polir et repolir sur le métier de la recherche sur le document numérique et les réseaux.
Le numérique nous apporte des promesses inégalées de coopération et d'extension de la culture et de la connaissance. Comment permettre à tous les habitants de la planète d'en profiter ? Quels verrous faut ils ouvrir ? Quels ressorts de rêve et d'utopie peuvent être remontés pour que se libère une énergie libératrice ? Comment les réflexions techniques peuvent-elles accompagner un projet social mondial ?
Le chercheur, l'intellectuel et le citoyen sont convoqués pour travailler la compréhension de cet univers du numérique qui irrigue et transforme si profondément nos sociétés. Et faire coopérer les solutions techniques, juridiques, sociales et organisationnelles pour ouvrir des espaces publics mondiaux nouveaux. Ici et maintenant.
Kharouf, Malika. "Fluctuations de fonctionnelles spectrales de grandes matrices aléatoires et applications aux communications numériques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006336.
Full textMokhfi, Atika. "Étude d'un dispositif d'enseignement à distance en libre accès sur le web : une approche didactique du travail enseignant dans le supérieur : le cas du dispositif Thermoptim-UNIT à l’école MINES ParisTech." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3005.
Full textThis work lies within the framework both of a research on open access Web portals and of the introduction of educational technologies. It is based on the anthropological theory of the didactic that studies knowledge diffusion in society and offers a reference framework to analyse the functioning of didactic systems instrumented by technologies. Our research studies the Thermoptim-UNIT portal and its open access educational resources portal. In order to study the effects of introducing this educational setting on the teaching of the discipline, we first consider the situation of teaching thermodynamics applied to energetic systems in the specific context of MINES ParisTech graduate school, to understand how and under which conditions and constraints the diffusion and transposition of this science are operating in society. We then examine the role played by the progressive introduction of educational technologies on teaching the discipline. Our methodology first relies on the analysis of activity traces on the portal, then on questionnaire surveys and user interviews. Looking more specifically at the effects of the educational setting on teachers’ work, our study is organised into two major research axes: 1/ the effects of technologies and the use of learning technologies on the didactical transposition of thermodynamics applied to energetic systems; 2/ the perceptible and declared effects of the use of this setting for teaching the discipline
Bras, Jérôme. "Méthode des éléments finis et décomposition de domaines : Application à l'étude de l'interaction électromagnétique onde-composant." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0064.
Full textThe current utilization of electronic devices in the majority of our systems impose to take into account the parasiting couplings created by electromagnetic (EM) interactions. It is in this point of view which this work was built in order to characterize the interaction between an electromagnetic wave and an active component, which is represented here by a HP07 Field Effect Transistor (FET) of UMS. This study is based on the application of an hybrid method. This method combines a 3D electromagnetic simulation, which employs a Finite Element Method (FEM) in the frequency domain, and a classical circuit one. As the electromagnetic illumination of the FET is a "back door" one, this FET is included in a partially opened metallic cavity : the NATO cylinder. The heterogeneity between the cylinder dimensions and the FET ones and the complexity of the apertures have imposed the implementation of another electromagnetic excitation in the IRCOM software to optimize the decomposition domain method
Dongmo, Joël. "Droit d'auteur et accès à la connaissance." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3006.
Full textThe intellectual and cultural effervescence that characterizes the enlightenment century fowours the blossoming of a public fond of knowledge. This demand, more and more higher added to the necessity for authors to live off the fruit of their creations constitute the framework in which copyright has been conceived. Thus, the environment in which philosophical and legal considerations have permitted the conceptualization of this rink between copyright and the access ton knowledge. This link definitely confirms itself through the consecration of this right is questioned under the impulsion of copyright practices namely the digital one. The implementation in this context of the protection granted by this right seems to justify practices that can question the relationship between copyright and the access to knowledge. It therefore appears that the legitimacy of this right is closely linked its faculty to favour access to knowledge. Thus, the balance that copyright maintains between public interest and those of authors presents itself as an essential element of its justification. Although the source of the crisis of copyright are found (for the vast majority) in the exploitation of the digital world of protected woks, the regeneration of this right can definitely follow the same path. In this light, initiatives that feature in this movement of the free access to knowledge through scientific or pedagogic works by exploiting precisely the possibilities offered by the digital world. In this same perspective, the americanization of copyright could enable the Introduction of a certain dose of flexibility in the copyright on the condition that this phenomenon accentuated by the digital revolution does not mislead this right by “depersonalizing” it
Crespi, Noël. "Evolutions des architectures de services pour maîtriser l'hétérogénéité de l'IMS." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066513.
Full textGhazal, Sahar. "Quality of service management model for point to multi point architecture in IEEE 802. 16 (WiMAX)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0009.
Full textIEEE 802. 16 standard is a real revolution in wireless metropolitan area networks (WirelessMANs) that enables high-speed access to data, video, and voice services. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the industry name given to the 802. 16-2004 amendment. The standard supports point-to-multipoint (PMP) as well as mesh mode. In the PMP mode, multiple subscriber stations (SSs) are connected to one base station (BS). The access channel from the BS to the SS is called the downlink (DL) channel, and the one from the SS to the BS is called the uplink (UL) channel. WiMAX is designed to provide inbuilt quality of service (QoS) mainly through the differentiation of five types of traffic flows: unsolicited grant service (UGS), real-time polling service (rtPS), extended realtime polling service (ertPS), non-real-time polling service (nrtPS) and best effort (BE). QoS architecture is defined in the MAC layer that supports classification for the pre mentioned classes and uplink scheduling for only UGS class. The great challenge of research activities in this domain is 1) how to share the bandwidth between the different stations (SS) according to the needed QoS and 2) how to increase the number of users without decreasing the overall QoS? The objective of this thesis is focused on these two points. Our contributions are essentially in admission control, traffic policing, and UL/DL scheduling. A new distributed QoS architecture is proposed, where the SS takes an important part in controlling the QoS through classification, traffic shaping and scheduling. An analytical model based on Markov chains is used to analyse the performance of the AC , where different priorities are assigned between the different traffic classes. This analytical study leads to the design of a self-configuring AC algorithm based on fuzzy logic. To control traffic rate in the network, a traffic policer is implemented in the SS side for each traffic class (multi-policer). And to share the available resources fairly, a real-time adaptive scheduler (RTAS) based on deficit round robin concept is constructed
Youssef, Mazen. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation des architectures de récepteur pour les techniques d’accès W-CDMA." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ007S/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design of the air interface of W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) systems, particularly on the aspects related to the channel access problems at the reception side. The main concern herein is the design of the baseband digital parts, that is, the RAKE receiver. This receiver is in charge of the signal demodulation and responsible for making profit of signal diversity. This late functionality is particularly important as it allows to counter signal fading by detecting and combining multipath components (leading to signal reinforcement) Given the central role of the RAKE receiver, its design and implementation are of paramount importance. In this thesis, we propose a new architecture for the RAKE receiver: CodeRAKE. The main architectural characteristics being aimed are high flexibility and scalability, yet preserving a good trade-off between resource use (and hence, area consumption) and performance (operation speed). In order to satisfy the flexibility and scalability constraints, the CodeRAKE architecture is modular and partitioned according to the number of users and the number of codes per user, with the resource limitation and performance preservation constraints in mind. The high levels of modularity of the CodeRAKE architecture allow an easy use of parallelisation techniques, which in turn allow an easy increase of performances, particularly at the base station side.The architectural approach proposed herein are versatile and can be easily adapted to other existing or future protocols. It responds to the challenge of the coming years, where the receiver will have to support multiple protocols and access interfaces, including control software layers
Bagayoko, Abdoulaye. "Partage du spectre radiofréquence sous contraintes d'interférences." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0500.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the problem of spectrum-sharing for wireless communication where multiple users attempt to access a common spectrum resource under mutual interference constraints. Our objective is to evaluate the gains of sharing by investigating different scenarios of spectrum access. Studying the Gaussian Interference Channel with interferences considered as noise, we found a geometrical description and several characteristics of the achievable rate region. Considering a more realistic scenario, with each user having a certain QoS, we found necessary and sufficient condition to be fulfilled for simultaneous communication over the two-user Gaussian Interference Channel. Furthermore, we proposed two lower bounds for a single-primary-user mean rate, depending on the secondary user power control scheme. Specially, we investigated an original power control policy, for a secondary user, under outage performance requirement for both users and partial knowledge of the channel state information. Finally, considering a spectrums-haring with a licensee or primary user and several secondary or cognitive users, we showed the existence of an exclusive region around the primary receiver and we characterized the effects of shadowing and path-loss on this exclusive region (or no-talk zone)
Thibeault, Eric-Normand. "Accès, pratiques et usages des technologies d’information et de la communication en éducation au sein de l’espace francophone : études de cas réalisées au Viêt Nam, en Moldavie, au Burkina-Faso et en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H027/document.
Full textThe thesis questions the different elements which allows the practice and use og Information and Communication Technologies in educational teaching in secondary schools. From a cross analysis between different fields within the francophone space and by leaning on the educational practices, the rechearcher analyses the comparing elements in the ICT sector in education between the following countries : Vietnam, Moldavia, Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo. A cross analysis allows the comparasion between the different inflencing conditions in the practices and use of the ICTs within the environment composing the diversity of the institutional Francophonie. The research has taken place during a doctorac theses at the Laboratoire Education et Apprentissage (ea 4071) at the Pris René Descartes university and presents the results of four case studies done between 2010 and 2013 with students (n=3236) and teachers (n=467) in target countries within members of the Organisation international de la Francophonie (OIF). The researcher analyze the data that has been collected related to the conditions of access, practises and the use of digital technologies in the secondary school level. The research has be done by questionnaires in order to collect the quantitative data. The researcher has also used focalized group interviews in order to collect quanlitativ data. The compared approach, the territoriality of the phenomenon of the use of digital technology as a support in an educational learning environment. In Moldavia and i Vietnam, the research has paid special attention to the analysis ot het use of ICT as a support in teaching and learning French as a second language, français langue étrangère (FLE). The research fiel is situated within the Francohpone space, with all its diversity and plurality. We analyse the evolution and seek to explain the reasons for the delays of certain countries as well as numerous obstacles to ICT access. We seek to reveal the use of ICT in austere contexts. The results reveal that the CTI appropriation process by French teachers is a growing process in Vietnam and Moldavia. Contrasting practices are standing out when crossing the survey results. The analysys of access to IT tools and the integration in teaching reveals that the user is significantly more sustained by teachers in eastern Europe (Moldavia) and Asia (Vietnam) as to practices on the African continent (specificity Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Finally, a study has been done within the public digital space as Multimedia center named : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Teza examinează factorii care permit practica și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru susținerea școlarizării, în domeniul tehnologiilor educaționale din școlile de nivel secundar. Plecând de la o nouă perspectivă între diverse teritorii din lumea francofonă și bazându-se pe practicile din mediul educațional, cercetătorul analizează elementele comparative din domeniul tehnologiilor de informație și a comunicațiilor (TIC) în domeniul educației dintre următoarele țări : Vietnam, Moldova, Burkina Faso și Republica Democrată Congo. O nouă perspectivă permite compararea condițiilor care influențează utilizarea TIC în zona care constituie diversitatea Francofoniei instituționale. Cercetarea este parte a unei teze de doctorat din cadrul Laboratorului de Educație și Învățământ (ea 4071) la Universitatea Paris René Descartes și prezintă rezultatul a patru studii de caz efectuate între 2010 și 2013 pe lângă elevii (n=3 236) și profesori (n=467) din țările vizate, membre ale Organizației Internaționale a Francofoniei (OIF). Cercetătorul decriptează informațiile culese cu privire la condițiile de acces, practicile și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru școli la nivel secundar. Cercetarea a fost efectuată printr-un chestionar pentru a culege datele cantitative. Cercetătorul a recurs de asemenea la focus-grupuri pentru a colecta date calitative. Noua abordare combină teritorialitatea fenomenului de utilizare a tehnologiei digitale susținând sistemul educațional. În Moldova și în Vietnam, studiul a acordat o atenție deosebită analizei utilizării TIC pentru susținerea predării și a învățării limbii franceze ca limbă străină (FLE). Domeniul cercetării este în spațiul Francofon, în diversitatea și pluralitatea acestuia. Vom analiza evoluțiile și vor încerca să explicăm motivele întârzierii în anumite țări, precumși numeroasele obstacole de acces la TIC. Vom încerca să influențăm utilizarea TIC în contexte care par a fi austere. Rezultatele cercetării arată că demersul de familiarizare cu TIC a profesorilor de franceză prezintă o creștere în Vietnam și Moldova. Acest lucru reiese din practicile contrastante în momentul în care sunt comparate rezultatele cercetărilor. Analiza accesului la mijloacele informatice și integrarea acestora în clasă arată faptul că utilizările sunt mult mai susținute de către profesorii din țările din estul Europei (Moldova) și Asia (Vietnam) decât din Africa (mai specific în Burkina-Faso și Republica Democratică Congo). În plus, s-a făcut un studiu de caz în cadrul spațiilor publice numerice : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Luận văn đặt vấn đề về những nhân tố cho phép thực hành và sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ dạy học trong lĩnh vực công nghệ giáo dục ở khối trung học. Từ một góc nhìn chéo giữa nhiều vùng miền khác nhau của không gian Pháp ngữ và dựa vào thực tiễn trong môi trường giáo dục, người nghiên cứu phân tích các yếu tố so sánh việc ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin (CNTT) trong giáo dục ở những quốc gia sau đây : Việt Nam, Moldavie, Burkina-Faso và Cộng hòa dân chủ Congo. Một góc nhìn chéo cho phép so sánh các điều kiện ảnh hưởng đến việc thực hành và sử dụng CNTT trong một không gian đa dạng của Tổ chức cộng đồng Pháp ngữ. Nghiên cứu thực hiện trong khuôn khổ luận văn tiến sĩ được tiến hành ở Phòng Nghiên cứu Giáo dục và Học tập (ea 4071) ở trường Đại học Paris René Descartes và trình bày kết quả của bốn trường hợp nghiên cứu thực địa từ năm 2010 đến 2013 đối với học sinh (n=3.236) và giáo viên (n=467) các quốc gia nói trên là thành viên của Tổ chức quốc tế Pháp ngữ (OIF). Người nghiên cứu giải mã các dữ liệu thu thập liên quan đến những điều kiện tiếp cận, thực hành và sử dụng các công nghệ số ở trường trung học. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện bằng bảng câu hỏi để thu thập dữ liệu định lượng. Người nghiên cứu cũng đã phỏng vấn một nhóm giáo viên và học sinh nhằm thu thập các dữ liệu định tính. Phương pháp tiến hành gặp nhau ở tính lãnh thổ của hiện tượng sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ học tập trong môi trường giáo dục. Ở Moldavie và Viêt Nam, nghiên cứu đã đặc biệt lưu tâm phân tích việc sử dụng CNTT trong dạy và học tiếng Pháp ngoại ngữ (NN). Trường nghiên cứu trong phạm vi không gian Pháp ngữ đa dạng và đa chiều. Chúng tôi sẽ phân tích sự tiến triển và cố gắng giải thích lý do chậm trễ của một số quốc gia cũng như nhiều trở ngại khi tiếp cận CNTT. Chúng tôi cũng tìm hiểu việc sử dụng CNTT trong những bối cảnh tưởng như khó khăn. Kết quả điều tra hé lộ rằng tiến trình chiếm hữu CNTT của các giáo viên tiếng Pháp có gia tăng ở Việt Nam và Moldavie và làm nổi bật thực tế tương phản khi giao hòa các kết quả điều tra. Phân tích việc tiếp cận và đưa công cụ tin học vào lớp học đã tiết lộ rằng việc sử dụng CNTT nhận được sự ủng hộ rõ nét của giáo viên các nước Đông Âu (Moldavie) và châu Á (Việt Nam) so với thực tế quan sát được ở châu Phi (đặc biệt là ở Burkina-Faso và CHDC Congo). Cuối cùng, việc nghiên cứu trường hợp cụ thể đã được tiến hành ở các không gian số công cộng : các Nhà tri thức Pháp ngữ
Thivant, Eric. "La dimension informationnelle de la conception et de la gestion de produits de placement fiancier : accès à l'information et description numérique." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33010.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the information process at work in the financial market world. We analyse information seeking practices within the activities of development and design of financial products by coupling the information seeking behavior theories together with the financial theories. We thus describe the information resources and the information seeking and use processes of professional practitioners. We then develop a formalized and rigorous tool entitled " A Mark-up Language for Financial Products " or MLFP, a XML - based markup language. That tool enables us to specify the most important items used in the course of these activities. That digital tool can be used both by the financial products manager and the designer in order to describe or update financial products while having precise and reliable informations on their direct competitive environment at their disposal
Karoomi, Sami Nooh. "Dispositif à lignes microélectroniques annulaires à six accès : Application à la modulation numérique de phase et aux analyseurs de réseaux microondes." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0048.
Full textSirvent, Thomas. "Courbes elliptiques et applications cryptographiques à la diffusion numérique sécurisée." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377306.
Full textBenkoussas, Chahinez. "Approches non supervisées pour la recommandation de lectures et la mise en relation automatique de contenus au sein d'une bibliothèque numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4379/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the field of information retrieval and the recommendation of reading. It has for objects:— The creation of new approach of document retrieval and recommendation using techniques of combination of results, aggregation of social data and reformulation of queries;— The creation of an approach of recommendation using methods of information retrieval and graph theories.Two collections of documents were used. First one is a collection which is provided by CLEF (Social Book Search - SBS) and the second from the platforms of electronic sources in Humanities and Social Sciences OpenEdition.org (Revues.org). The modelling of the documents of every collection is based on two types of relations:— For the first collection (SBS), documents are connected with similarity calculated by Amazon which is based on several factors (purchases of the users, the comments, the votes, products bought together, etc.);— For the second collection (OpenEdition), documents are connected with relations of citations, extracted from bibliographical references.We show that the proposed approaches bring in most of the cases gain in the performances of research and recommendation. The manuscript is structured in two parts. The first part "state of the art" includes a general introduction, a state of the art of informationretrieval and recommender systems. The second part "contributions" includes a chapter on the detection of reviews of books in Revues.org; a chapter on the methods of IR used on complex queries written in natural language and last chapter which handles the proposed approach of recommendation which is based on graph
Chenu, Tournier Marc. "Contribution à l'utilisation des techniques de traitement d'antenne dans un système de radiocommunication numérique : application à l'UMTS et au GSM." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DENS0039.
Full textMorelle, Mikaël. "Codage en 2 Dimensions pour les systèmes de communications Optiques CDMA (OCDMA) : application aux transmissions multimédia." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ea319df9-7cfa-4973-8a4d-1416f7d6872b/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4012.pdf.
Full textThe Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technique permits several users communicating simultaneously and asynchronously on a common resource. This technique consists in the allocation of a specific and distinct code signature to each user. For several decades, this has been studied to provide access in optical systems (Optical CDMA or OCDMA). The used coding is a key element which can either be in one dimension (1D) or in two dimensions (2D). The work undertaken in this thesis concerns 2D coding for incoherent OCDMA systems. The objective is to enable a high number of users simultaneously communicating at high data rate for a given performance. In this context, we proposed in this report a 2D code family construction named Multi-Wavelength Optical Orthogonal Codes (MWOOC) and we investigated various receiver structures to evaluate its performance. Future access networks are also expected to provide diversity of services. From the proposed 2D MWOOC coding, a methodology based on the code partitioning is developed in order to carry out quality of service (or Binary Error Rate BER) differentiation. The data rate differentiation is performed by allocating several codes to each user (parallel mapping). Then, the performance analysis is theoretically established in terms of data rate and quality of service. We show that the developed method yields a high flexibility for future multimedia applications in optical access networks
Portaz, Maxime. "Accès à de l'information en mobilité par l'image pour la visite de Musées : Réseaux profonds pour l'identification de gestes et d'objets." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM053/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the GUIMUTEIC project, which aim is to equip museum tourist with an audio-guide enhanced by a camera.This thesis adress the problem of information access in mobile environment, by automaticaly providing information about museum artefacts.To be able to give this information, we need to know when the visitor desire guidance, and what he is looking at, to give the correct response.This raises issues of identification of points of interest, to determine the context, and identification of user gestures, to meet his demands.As part of our project, the visitor is equipped with an embedded camera.The goal is to provide a solution to help with the visit, developing vision methods for object identification, and gesture detection in first-person videos.We propose in this thesis a study of the feasibility and the interest of the assistance to the visit, as well as the relevance of the gestures in the context of the interaction with an embedded system.We propose a new approach for objects identification thanks to siamese neural networks to learn images similarity and define regions of interest.We are also exploring the use of small networks for gesture recognition in mobility.We present for this an architecture using new types of convolution blocks, to reduce the number of parameters of the network and allow its use on mobile processor.To evaluate our proposals, we rely on several corpus of image search and gestures, specificaly designed to match the constraints of the project
Nasser, Youssef. "Sensibilité des systèmes OFDM-CDMA aux erreurs de synchronisation en réception radio-mobile." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00214147.
Full textLa thèse consiste à étudier en premier lieu les performances des différents types de combinaisons de l'OFDM et du CDMA, appelées sous le nom générique « OFDM-CDMA », dans un environnement parfaitement synchronisé dans une liaison descendante avec les mêmes conditions de transmission : charge du système, constellation, rendement du codage.
Une fois la comparaison des différents systèmes établie dans un contexte parfaitement synchronisé, on traitera le problème des imperfections de transmission : erreurs des synchronisation, imperfections Radio Fréquences (RF), estimation du canal, effet Doppler.
Les différents types d'erreurs de synchronisation étudiés dans le manuscrit sont la synchronisation de la fenêtre temporelle, la synchronisation des fréquences porteuse, et d'échantillonnage.
Les imperfections RF étudiées consistent en le bruit de phase et la gigue d'horloge.
Les sensibilités de l'OFDM-CDMA à ces erreurs sont évaluées en fonction du Rapport Signal à Interférence plus Bruit (RSIB) en sortie du détecteur en tenant compte de l'orthogonalité entre les codes d'étalement.
Finalement, on s'intéresse à évaluer les performances de ces systèmes en terme du Taux d'Erreur Binaire (TEB) en sortie du décodeur et à faire le lien entre le RSIB en sortie du détecteur et le TEB en sortie du décodeur.
En conclusion de ce travail, on peut tirer des limites tolérées sur les imperfections de transmission de ces systèmes ainsi qu'une comparaison entre leurs performances.
Bogui, Maomra Jean-Jacques. "Intégration et usages des Technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans l'Éducation en Afrique :Situation de l'enseignement supérieur en Côte d'Ivoire(2003-2005)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265498.
Full textKane, Khardiatou. "Documentation numérique en Afrique francophone subsaharienne : évaluation de l'offre et des usages en sciences humaines à l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1185/document.
Full textUniversity libraries in French-speaking African countries face a documentary supply challenge in a context of a lack of financial resources, an increase in the cost of documentation, and some inefficient organizational forms. This thesis aims at first, from surveys and collections of diverse data, to establish the state of the paper and digital documentary offer at the University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, in SHS, highlighting points comparison with other Sub-Saharan Francophone Universities. The results are intended to quantify and qualify this offer, to point out new dynamics in the context of digital documentation with different types of actors. In addition, librarians seek to rely fully on Open Access, both in terms of access to resources and the value of local funds. Digital information is increasingly seen as the best way to meet the information needs of the university community at Dakar's Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD). Nevertheless, it is often confronted with problems of access to information but also of use of documentary resources. This research focuses, in a second part, to appreciate the uses of digital resources, in a comparative way between several disciplines at UCAD and between teachers and students. Recommendations are made to try to improve the documentary services in this University
Berger, Ludovic. "Modélisation de l'activité en chirurgie vasculaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20729/document.
Full textThe question of replacement of vascular surgeons for the future is of concern because of a large number of retirements. But the question of replacement only is not sufficient for a specialty that is primarily for older patients in the current context of increasing and aging of the French population.In order to meet the need for vascular surgery in the coming years, we initially performed an overview of the demographics of practitioners of the specialty and estimated the retirements. To take into account the evolution of the future activity, we have established a predictive model for the acts of carotid surgery, surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and surgery of peripheral arterial disease, according to the aging population. This model applies the methods of the INSEE for acts collected in the Medicalised Information System Program database.We then refined it by including other parameters modifying workload evolution. We have calculated and applied a weighting factor obtained during the period of activity from 2000 to 2008. According to the model, the activity between 2008 and 2030 will increase by 38% in the studied procedures.The weighted projections predict an acts’ increase 30% between 2011 and 2025.From a purely mathematical point of view, the training needs of 120 surgeons would be to replace retirements, and 59 more surgeons because of the increased workload
Abou, Jaoudé Chady. "Regard info-communicationnel sur la prise de décision. Application au choix d'une université au Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966542.
Full textWu, Ke. "3D segmentation and registration for minimal invasive prostate cancer therapy." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962028.
Full textLahlou, Névine. "L'accès au droit dans la société de l'information." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D040.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study access to law as impacted by new technologies. It will first be a matter of studying the classical composition of access to law, through its legal foundations and different phenomena, both historical and sociological. The objective will then be to observe the evolution of this access when confronted to the digital world. New rights, but also new risks, have profoundly changed access to the law, both in how information is sought and how it is understood. These various observations will wield a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of access to law in France, namely through an inventory of existing practices and theories on the subject. In this context, new methodologies and proposals for the further development of access to the law will be considered, with the view of strengthening and perpetuating it
Saideh, Michel. "Contributions on radio access techniques for future railway communications system." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I092.
Full textNowadays, a huge amount of data exchanges is needed in the railway system. This is particularly to support autonomous train, reduce operation and maintenance costs, increase safety and security. In the same time, many new services are offered to passengers. There is no unique technology that can satisfy all these needs. Consequently, different industrial and academical research projects are on-going at European and International levels to develop the Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS). FRMCS will be IP-based, adaptable, agnostic to radio technology and resilient to technological evolutions. In addition, it should support high data rate, low latency, large bandwidth, and efficient spectrum utilization. The FRMCS is expected to be able to choose in real time between different available radio access technologies in function of applications needs and the surrounding railway environment. Among these technologies, we can mention the Wi-Fi, LTE, satellites and the 5G NR standard in development. Thus, the contributions of this PhD thesis are part of the development of an Adaptable Communication System (ACS) for the railway by considering cutting-edge technologies of the future 5G NR system and beyond. Different key enabling technologies have been proposed recently under the umbrella of 5G and Beyond communication systems. Among which, radio access techniques play major role over key metrics, such as the efficient utilization of the available spectrum, the high data rates, and the computational complexity of the transceiver system. One of the major technological evolution in that domain concerns the introduction of different Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques. In this Ph.D thesis, we start by considering the MCM technology in the context of high speed railway. A performance evaluation study is conducted where different MCM schemes are highlighted in different scenarios. The Filtered Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) waveform presents high robustness to high mobility scenarios while exploiting the available spectrum efficiently. However, FBMC advantages come with additional built-in interference that challenges traditional transceiver design techniques. Thereby, we propose different contributions that handle the channel estimation and equalization aspects of the FBMC waveform. The contributions aims to assure better performance at the cost of negligible additional complexity compared with the literature
Alhaj, Ali Khaled. "New design approaches for flexible architectures and in-memory computing based on memristor technologies." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0197.
Full textThe recent development of new non-volatile memory technologies based on the memristor concept has triggered many research efforts to explore their potential usage in different application domains. The distinctive features of memristive devices and their suitability for CMOS integration are expected to lead for novel architecture design paradigms enabling unprecedented levels of energy efficiency, density, and reconfigurability. In this context, the goal of this thesis work was to explore and introduce new memristor based designs that combine flexibility and efficiency through the proposal of original architectures that break the limits of the existing ones. This exploration and study have been conducted at three levels: interconnect, processing, and memory levels. At interconnect level, we have explored the use of memristive devices to allow high degree of flexibility based on programmable interconnects. This allows to propose the first memristor-based reconfigurable fast Fourier transform architecture, namely mrFFT. Memristors are inserted as reconfigurable switches at the level of interconnects in order to establish flexible on-chip routing. At processing level, we have explored the use of memristive devices and their integration with CMOS technologies for combinational logic design. Such hybrid memristor-CMOS designs exploit the high integration density of memristors in order to improve the performance of digital designs, and particularly arithmetic logic units. At memory level, we have explored new in-memory computing approaches and proposed a novel logic design style, namely Memristor Overwrite Logic (MOL), associated with an original MOL-based computational memory. The proposed approach allows efficient combination of storage and processing in order to bypass the memory wall problem and thus to improve the computational efficiency. The proposed approach has been applied in three real application case studies for the sake of validation and performance evaluation
Sow, Garmy. "Méthodes d'Accès Multiple à Répartition Spatiale pour Communications par Satellite." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001876.
Full textDulong, de Rosnay Melanie. "La mise à disposition des œuvres et des informations sur les réseaux : régulation juridique et régulation technique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Assas - Paris II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666307.
Full textMontesinos, Julien. "Traitement d'antenne SDMA pour système de télécommunications par satellite avec couverture dispersée." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0012.
Full textKouicem, Djamel Eddine. "Sécurité de l’Internet des objets pour les systèmes de systèmes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2518.
Full textThe Internet of things (IoT) is a new technology that aims to connect billions of physical devices to the Internet. The components of IoT communicate and collaborate between each other in distributed and dynamic environments, which are facing several security challenges. In addition, the huge number of connected objects and the limitation of their resources make the security in IoT very difficult to achieve. In this thesis, we focus on the application of lightweight cryptographic approaches and blockchain technology to address security problems in IoT, namely : authentication and trust management. First, we were interested on some kind of IoT applications where we need to control remotely the execution of smart actuators using IoT devices. To solve this problem, we proposed an efficient and fine-grained access controlsolution, based on the Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) mechanism and oneway hash chains. Using formal security tools, we demonstrated the security of our scheme against malicious attacks. Second, we tackled the problem of authentication in IoT based fog computing environments. Existing authentication techniques do not consider latency constraints introduced in the context of fog computing architecture. In addition, some of them do not provide mutual authentication between devices and fog servers. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a novel, efficient and lightweight mutual authentication scheme based on blockchain technologyand secret sharing technique. We demonstrated the efficiency of our authentication scheme through extensive simulations. The third problem treated in this work is the trust management in IoT. Existing trust management protocols do not meet the new requirements introduced in IoT such as heterogeneity, mobility and scalability. To address these challenges, we proposed a new scalable trust management protocol based on consortium blockchain technology and fog computing paradigm, with mobility support. Our solution allows IoT devices to accurately assess and share trust recommendations about other devices in a scalable way without referring to any pre-trusted entity. We confirmed the efficiency of our proposal through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations. Finally, we showed that our protocol outperforms existing solutions especially in terms of scalability, mobility support, communication and computation
Criqui-Barthalais, Géraldine. "La protection des libertés individuelles sur le réseau internet." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020076/document.
Full textThis study considers the internet as a new territory where rights guaranteed to each individual in physical space can be promoted; not only free speech and privacy, but also the Habeas Corpus prerogative writ, which protects against unlawful imprisonment, and the right to freedom of movement. Thus, processing by analogy, the dissertation intends to promote two specific digital rights: the freedom to connect to the internet and the freedom to surf on the web. The freedom to connect should be part of a public service which promotes this access through public policies. Moreover, barring someone from using the internet can only be decided by a judge. The freedom to surf should protect the web users against unreasonable restrictions. Thus, measures blocking illegal websites should not come through self-regulation but through a legal framework which defines how administrative authorities are entitled to decide such restrictions. The protection of these two rights entails further obligations. Individuals must access the internet anonymously and they must be aware of how the government monitors their actions on the web. This study tries to outline the content of measures aiming to frame network addressing mechanisms. Identity checks based on the IP address should be subject to a strict legal regime. The study concludes that individuals have to be protected from surveillance when data reveal their choices among websites while they are connected. Internet access providers, but also search engines and browsers, must delete this data. Only special measures taken by a public entity or someone entitled to control the web users may lead to this kind of data retention
Pascal, Frédéric. "Références et inférences depuis le document enregistré ; de quoi l'enregistrement sonore peut-il nous rendre témoin ?" Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625545.
Full textNdiaye, Elhadji Oumar. "La protection des bases de données par le droit d'auteur : approche comparative entre le droit français et le droit sénégalais." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD060/document.
Full textIn a global context marked by the rise of an information society, shared knowledge and digital economy, this study proposes an assessment of the protection of databases by Copyright (french meaning), privileging a comparative approach between French and Senegalese law. By highlighting the elements of convergence but also of divergence that emerge from the confrontation between the two legislations, this analysis starts from the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of copyright, to propose orientations aimed at improving the legal framework for the protection of databases. Copyright being the unanimously consecrated protection mechanism for databases, it is necessary, far from divesting it, to identify the best legal options that could contribute to its reinforcement. In this respect, it is imperative to take into account a perfect balance between the various interests for the development of the information society
Bouchami, Ahmed. "Sécurité des ressources collaboratives dans les réseaux sociaux d'entreprise." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0091/document.
Full textEnterprise social networks (ESN) have revolutionized collaboration between professional organizations. By means of an ESN, conventional mobility constraints, complex procedures for services exchange and the lack of flexibility and communication are no longer concerns. In this thesis we have worked on the project OpenPaaS ESN. Mainly we focused on the management of the access control, which led us to other needs, namely the management of digital identities and their monitoring. We worked primarily on managing the authentication of digital identities within collaborative communities made of heterogeneous enterprises regarding authentication management systems. For this, we have proposed an interoperable architecture for managing federated authentication, allowing thus each enterprise to preserve its (own) authentication mechanism and each principal to perform a single sign on authentication regarding different enterprises. Further, we focused on the management of digital identities accreditations, i.e. Access Control. On this aspect, we have proposed a flexible access control model based on a set of identity attributes. We developed this model on the basis of a formal language based on temporal logic, namely the Event-Calculus logic. We were thus able to make the sharing of resources fluid and agile, and also able to handle temporary authorizations, i.e. delegations. The fluidity and agility of the shares is due to the user-centric resources’ sharing in a straightforward manner. In addition, the logical formalism has allowed us to automatically check the access control policies consistency. For enterprises, our access control system gives them the ability to control the user-centric sharing policies through policies based on a risk management mechanism, which make our access control mechanism dynamic. The risk mechanism is based on the NIST’s risk definition with an alignment with a set of parameters that include access control in the ESN context. More precisely, the dynamic risk management includes, the collaborative resource’s importance, the authentication system’s vulnerabilities and trust level reflected through the behavior of each collaborative actor. On this latter aspect of trust, we made an evaluation of trust through the computation of reputation scores based on the history of collaborative interactions of each subject of collaboration. Finally, we have implemented all those security modules and integrate them as a prototype into OpenPaaS ESN
Karayannis, Vassilios-Petros. "Liberté économique et défense de l'intérêt général: le problème de retransmission par câble des émissions télévisées dans l'Union européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211205.
Full textEn ce qui concerne l’accès des émissions aux réseaux câblés, la thèse met en avant le besoin de sauvegarder un service public de l’audiovisuel. Celui-ci est défini comme un ensemble des règles qui visent à la fois le paysage audiovisuel propre à chaque Etat membre (par exemple pluralisme) et le contenu des émissions proprement dit (émissions informatives, éducatives, épanouissement culturel etc.). Le droit communautaire primaire et dérivé, tel qu’interprété par la Cour de justice, fournit les moyens de conciliation entre, d’une part les intérêts généraux et, d’autre part, les exigences découlant de la libre prestation de services et de la libre concurrence.
En ce qui concerne l’application des droits intellectuels, la thèse aborde la problématique liée à l’épuisement ou la subsistance de ceux-ci. Dans le cas de la câblodistribution, la Cour a affirmé la subsistance du droit. Cette position est corroboré par la nouvelle directive européenne sur le droit d’auteur et les droits voisins dans la société de l’information. La thèse appuie la position de subsistance en considérant qu’elle constitue une condition essentielle pour la juste récompense des auteurs.
Enfin, la thèse aborde les questions plus spécifiques qui naissent à propos de la convergence technologique et juridique. Tout d’abord, il est avancé que le service public de l’audiovisuel n’est pas uniquement lié à des contraintes techniques, mais essentiellement à des objectifs qualitatifs (contenu des émissions). Ainsi, la thèse plaide en faveur de la pérpetuité du service public de l’audiovisuel dans l’ère du numérique. Par ailleurs, des questions plus spécifiques (comme l’accès à la boucle locale, l’interconnexion des réseaux et la numérisation des infrastructures) ont été examinées.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished