Academic literature on the topic 'Access to prophylaxis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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Kovalik, Eugene C., and Steve J. Schwab. "Antibiotic prophylaxis for hemodialysis access placement." American Journal of Kidney Diseases 30, no. 3 (1997): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90294-8.
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Kaladharan, Sid, and Melissa Warner. "HIV- PEP (Post Exposure Prophylaxis) Access Project." International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 3 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3199.
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Krakower, Douglas, and Julia L. Marcus. "Commercial Determinants of Access to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 11 (2023): e2342759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42759.
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Barnett, Daniel, and Danielle Nance. "A Retrospective Analysis and Characterization of Female Patients with Bleeding Disorders Hemophilia B, Hemophilia B and Von Willebrand's Disease and Their Treatment Type at Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-187656.
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Introduction: Women with bleeding disorders experience bleeding in mucocutaneous tissues, uterine bleeding, and in muscles and joints. In men, bleeding of more than 1 or 2 bleeds per year is justification for starting prophylaxis with factor and non-factor replacement therapy. At Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center (BMDACC), women are offered prophylaxis according to the same standard. Uterine bleeding classified as excessive or disruptive to daily activity is considered bleeding requiring prophylaxis. Aim: Describe the number of women in the bleeding disorder database from June 2018 to December 2022 with Hemophilia A (HemA), Hemophilia B (HemB) and Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) with respect to number on prophylaxis to prevent bleeds. Specific factor levels and subtype of VWD were not gathered as part of this project. Rather, patients were offered prophylaxis based on symptoms of bleeding. Prophylaxis is defined as treatment to prevent bleeding associated with day-to-day activity, but not prior to planned procedures. The type of treatment was recorded, type of access if needed (peripheral intravenous access v. central venous access) and why treatment was started. Results: Among 101 female patients in the BMDACC bleeding disorder database, 64 had a diagnosis of HemA, HemB or VWD. Among HemA, 13 of 17 (76%) were on prophylaxis with factor replacement or emicizumab. Joint bleeding and pain were the most common reasons for starting prophylaxis in 6 of 13 patients and menorrhagia was the second most common in 3 patients. Among HemB, 2 of 4 (50%) were on factor replacement. Rectal bleeding and menorrhagia were reasons to start prophylaxis. Among VWD, 24 of 43 (56%) were on prophylaxis with one or more of the following treatments: factor replacement, desmopressin or antifibrinolytic replacement. Menorrhagia was the most common reason for starting prophylaxis in 13 of 24 patients and joint bleeding was the next most common in 4 patients. Additional reasons were trauma, mucocutaneous, urinary tract bleeding, and bleeding during pregnancy. Patients with VWD were much more likely to require central IV access in the form of a chest port-a-cath 14 of 43 (33%) than patients with HemA or HemB, of which no patients required central access. Patients with HemA or HemB were more likely to use factor replacement than VWD to prevent bleeding symptoms. Patients with VWD were more likely than patients with HemA or Hem B to have a diagnosis prior to age 18; VWD had 16 of 43 (37%), HemA had 3 of 17 (18%) and HemB had 0 of 4 (0%). Conclusions: Female patients with inherited bleeding disorders have bleeding symptoms that may require the initiation of routine treatment to prevent bleeding and should be offered treatment with hemostatic agents to prevent bleeding when bleeding frequency exceeds more than 1 or 2 bleeds per year. Heavy menstrual bleeding, joint bleeding, joint pain, gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding are reported in this patient population as reasons to start prophylaxis with hemostatic agents. Further study is underway to assess the efficacy of starting prophylaxis in these patients. In the Author's experience, once factor replacement is started, patients are pleased with the change in their health status after initiation of treatment and continue to be compliant with treatment recommendations although they may have difficulty in administering those treatments. Patients with VWD were much more likely than those with HemA or HemB to require placement of a central venous access device. Further study into this observation is needed to understand why this is so.
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Keferstein, Rolf D., Cornelia Fiedler, Fritz W. Pelster, and Berthold Reers. "Infection Prophylaxis and Infection Control in Vascular Access Surgery." Vascular Surgery 26, no. 4 (1992): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153857449202600408.
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Salman, Loay, and Arif Asif. "Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Is it Needed for Dialysis Access Procedures?" Seminars in Dialysis 22, no. 3 (2009): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.2009.00607.x.
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Fennell, Jérôme Patrick, Martin O'Donohoe, Martin Cormican, and Maureen Lynch. "Linezolid lock prophylaxis of central venous catheter infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 4 (2008): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47665-0.
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Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections are a major problem for patients requiring long-term venous access and may result in frequent hospital admissions and difficulties in maintaining central venous access. CVC-related blood stream infections are associated with increased duration of inpatient stay and cost approximately \#8364;13 585 per patient [Blot, S. I., Depuydt, P., Annemans, L., Benoit, D., Hoste, E., De Waele, J. J., Decruyenaere, J., Vogelaers, D., Colardyn, F. & Vandewoude, K. H. (2005). Clin Infect Dis 41, 1591–1598]. Antimicrobial lock therapy may prevent CVC-related blood stream infection, preserve central venous access and reduce hospital admissions. In this paper, the impact of linezolid lock prophylaxis in a patient with short bowel syndrome is described.
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McBride, Ali, Karen MacDonald, and Ivo Abraham. "Simulation Modeling of Cost-Savings from Conversion to Biosimilar Pegfilgrastim-Cbqv for the Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia, and Budget-Neutral Expanded Access to Prophylaxis and Anti-Neoplastic Therapy from Derived Cost-Savings in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136810.
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Introduction: Costs of prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced (febrile) neutropenia (CIN/FN) have been reduced in recent years by the approval of several biosimilar filgrastim and pegfilgrastim agents. The savings from conversion to biosimilars can be reallocated to provide expanded access to CIN/FN prophylaxis or anti-neoplastic treatment. To illustrate this, we simulated in a panel of 20,000 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients: 1) the savings that could be realized from CIN/FN prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv over reference pegfilgrastim with or without on-body injector (PEG/PEG-OBI), 2) a model of expanded access to CIN/FN prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv from cost-savings achieved from conversion from PEG/PEG-OBI, and 3) a model of expanded access to chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab (R-CHOP) for NHL from cost-savings achieved from conversion from PEG/PEG-OBI. Methods: Simulation modeling for a panel of 20,000 NHL patients was conducted from the US payer perspective. Medication costs for PEG/PEG-OBI, pegfilgrastim-cbqv, and R-CHOP drugs were calculated in three ways 1) Q1 2020 average selling price (ASP) derived from CMS Q3 2020 reimbursement limits, 2) Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) from Redbook, and 3) a blended ASP/WAC rate proportionate to the NHL age distribution per Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data. These three cost estimate bases were applied to one through six cycles of prophylaxis with conversion rates from PEG/PEG-OBI to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv ranging from 10% to 100%. The number-needed-to-convert (NNC) to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv from PEG/PEG-OBI to purchase one additional treatment of pegfilgrastim-cbqv or one additional cycle of R-CHOP chemotherapy was also estimated. Results: Using ASP, cost-savings of biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv over PEG/PEG-OBI in a panel of 20,000 NHL patients ranged from $371,444 (for 1 cycle of prophylaxis at 10% conversion) to $22,286,640 (6 cycles at 100% conversion). The corresponding savings ranged from $4,112,120 to $246,727,200 when using WAC; and from $1,976,194 to $118,571,640 when using the age-proportionate blended ASP/WAC rate. Focusing on the blended ASP/WAC rate, the savings in a single cycle of chemotherapy translated into expanded access to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv ranging from 524 cycles at 10% conversion from PEG/PEG-OBI to 5,243 cycles at 100% conversion. The savings over six cycles of biosimilar prophylaxis could provide between 3,146 (at 10% conversion) and 31,457 (at 100% conversion) additional cycles of biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv. The NNC from one cycle of PEG/PEG-OBI to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv to purchase one additional cycle of biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv is 4. In a single cycle of chemotherapy, savings using the blended ASP/WAC rate translated into expanded access to R-CHOP ranging from 282 cycles at 10% to 2,817 cycles at 100% conversion. The savings over six cycles of biosimilar prophylaxis could provide between 1,690 (at 10% conversion) and 16,900 cycles (at 100% conversion) additional cycles of R-CHOP. The NNC from one cycle of PEG/PEG-OBI to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv to purchase one additional cycle of R-CHOP is 8. Conclusions: These simulation models demonstrate that significant cost savings for supportive cancer care can be generated through conversion to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv for CIN/FN prophylaxis. The savings generated from conversion from PEG/PEG-OBI can be reallocated on a budget-neural basis to provide expanded access to additional patients/cycles of CIN/FN prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-cbqv or to curative anti-neoplastic treatment. Such efficiency and expanded access enhance the value of cancer care to payers and patients. Disclosures McBride: MorphoSys: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Merck: Speakers Bureau; Coherus BioSciences: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. MacDonald:Sandoz: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Terumo: Consultancy; Rockwell Medical: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Mylan: Consultancy; Coherus BioSciences: Research Funding. Abraham:MorphoSys: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Mylan: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Rockwell Medical: Consultancy; Terumo: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Coherus BioSciences: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Sadowski, Maciej. "The strategy of long-term central venous access infection prophylaxis." Zakażenia XXI wieku 2018, no. 5 (2018): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31350/zakazenia/2018/5/z2018039.
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Landers, Stewart, and Farzana Kapadia. "Preexposure Prophylaxis: Adapting HIV Prevention Models to Achieve Worldwide Access." American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 10 (2017): 1534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.304035.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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McBride, Ali, Sanjeev Balu, Kim Campbell, Mohan Bikkina, Karen MacDonald, and Ivo Abraham. "Expanded access to cancer treatments from conversion to neutropenia prophylaxis with biosimilar filgrastim-sndz." FUTURE MEDICINE LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626506.
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Aim: Biosimilar medicines offer significant cost-savings potential over their reference products, which can be re-allocated to provide access to other cancer treatments on a budget-neutral basis. Methods: Simulation study using cost data for the USA under consideration of several prophylaxis patterns. Results: Potential savings from conversion from reference filgrastim to biosimilar filgrastim-sndz are significant. These savings expand budget-neutral access to novel immunotherapies (obinutuzumab; pembrolizumab) or supportive care (filgrastim-sndz). Conclusion: The combination of biosimilar savings and expanded access increases the value of cancer care as the same supportive care is provided at lower cost, additional cancer care is enabled at no additional cost, and more patients will have access to cancer care.
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Ogilvie, Monika Gertrud. "An evaluation of a collaborative doctor-pharmacist prescribing model compared to the usual medical prescribing model in the emergency department." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203970/1/Monika_Ogilvie_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a comparative study to investigate whether a collaborative doctor-pharmacist prescribing model produces safer and more accurate prescribing outcomes than the usual medical model, in the Emergency Department at Redland Hospital, Queensland, Australia. This study was conducted as a randomised controlled trial comparing the control and intervention patient groups, aligning with the six dimensions of the National Health Performance Framework. This study has demonstrated that a collaborative doctor-pharmacist prescribing model produces a safer and more accurate medication chart than usual care, venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and prescribing improved and it demonstrated high patient satisfaction rates.
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Pistone, Thierry. "La chimioprophylaxie du paludisme en France : pratiques chez les voyageurs internationaux et aide à la décision médico-économique de son remboursement par la Sécurité Sociale." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066221.
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La France est le pays occidental le plus touché par le paludisme d’importation, contracté à 95% en Afrique Subsaharienne (AS). Les pratiques de chimioprophylaxie antipaludique (CPAP) demeurent mal connues. La CPAP n’est pas remboursée par la Sécurité Sociale française (SSF). Nos objectifs étaient d’étudier les pratiques de CPAP des voyageurs résidant en France, qu’ils soient de nationalité Française (VNF) ou originaires d’AS en visite de famille/relations (VFR) et d’évaluer l’impact médico-économique d’une décision de remboursement des différentes CPAP recommandées par le Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique (HCSP) pour un voyage en AS. Nous avons montré que le recours de ces voyageurs à la CPAP et leur compliance étaient insuffisants. La littérature médicale, les avis d’experts et nos travaux permettent de considérer que les VFR renoncent plus souvent que les VNF à la CPAP, du fait d’une mésestimation des risques liés au paludisme et pour des raisons financières. Notre analyse médico-économique a été modélisée par arbre de décision en intégrant les données de la littérature et de l’enquête « Santé Protection Sociale » (ESPS) de l’Institut de Recherche en Economie de la Santé. Cette analyse de décision a reposé sur le postulat, dérivé de l’ESPS, selon lequel le remboursement augmentera le recours à la CPAP. Nos travaux ont permis d’estimer que le remboursement de la CPAP pourrait être considéré comme coût-efficace du point de vue de la SSF. Nos travaux devraient inciter les décideurs à adapter la prévention du paludisme au contexte socioculturel, et à envisager l’opportunité du remboursement de la CPAP des voyageurs résidant en France et séjournant en AS, Madagascar et au Comores
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Robinson, Davis Suzanne. "Motivations to either accept or reject pre-exposure prophylaxis: awareness, beliefs, and risk perceptions among African American women in New York City." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QZ3TDN.
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The world has suffered immensely and disproportionately from the ravages of HIV and AIDS. Oral PrEP is a single pill taken once daily that can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection by up to 92% (CDC, 2014a).
This study describes African American females’ awareness, beliefs, and perception of PrEP and identifies factors that may motivate women to either accept or reject PrEP. This cross-sectional study occurred over a 3-month period from November 2017 to January 2018, following from a previous pilot study. The sample comprised African American women aged 18 and over receiving STD or HIV screening services at a FQHC in Brooklyn, New York. Women were interviewed using the five characteristics of the Diffusion of Innovation theory and also completed a risk assessment for HIV using CDC recommended guidelines for screening heterosexual women for PrEP.
Awareness of PrEP remained extremely low among the 72 African American women interviewed in the study. Using the CDC guidelines, all women reported one or more risk factors for PrEP indication. Awareness about PrEP, negative reactions from partners and shared experiences from female PrEP users were cited as factors that may predict and motivate African American women to use PrEP. Additionally, skills in pill-taking, cost and insurance, and maintaining privacy while using PrEP were strong enabling factors to support PrEP use. Factors such as initiating couple’s PrEP use as an intervention, medical doctors overtly directing PrEP for women, and the role of older women in promoting PrEP use were persuasive factors in reinforcing the utilization of PrEP among African American women in the study.
Creative programming within high burden communities is critically important to penetrate with messages of new innovations and best practices. The results of the current research speak volumes to the continued work needed to educate communities with prevention messages.
Books on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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Nielsen-Thompson, Nancy. Access to dental hygiene care. American Dental Hygienists' Association, 1990.
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Davis, Suzanne Robinson. Motivations to either accept or reject pre-exposure prophylaxis: Awareness, beliefs, and risk perceptions among African American women in New York City. [publisher not identified], 2018.
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Allon, Michael. Haemodialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0256.
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Delivery of haemodialysis is dependent on having a vascular access that can reproducibly deliver an adequate blood flow thrice weekly. None of the three types of vascular access is perfect; each has potential advantages and drawbacks. Fistulas are the preferred type of vascular access because they have the longest cumulative survival and require the fewest interventions to maintain their long-term patency, once they achieve suitability for dialysis. However, fistulas have a fairly high non-maturation rate, frequently require revisions to achieve suitability for dialysis, and often are associated with prolonged catheter dependence until they are ready to cannulate. In contrast, grafts have a lower primary failure rate, are usually ready to use within 2–3 weeks of creation, and are therefore associated with a shorter duration of catheter dependence. However, the cumulative survival of grafts is shorter than that of fistulas, and they require more frequent interventions (angioplasty, thrombectomy, or surgical revisions) to maintain their patency for dialysis. The major advantage of dialysis catheters is that they are suitable for use as soon as they are placed. However, catheter use is associated with frequent complications, including catheter-related bacteraemia, dysfunction, and central vein stenosis. Many patients require a tunnelled dialysis catheter as a bridge, until they have a mature fistula or graft. Optimal management of vascular access is extremely challenging, and requires close collaboration among multiple medical disciplines, advance planning, and treatment or prophylaxis of their frequent complications.
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Forstein, Marshall, Farah Ahmad-Stout, and Gaddy Noy. Young Adulthood and Serodiscordant Couples. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0034.
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Advances in HIV medical care and antiretroviral therapy transformed AIDS from a rapidly devastating fatal illness into a chronic illness for persons with access to care, leading to vast changes in the health of individuals, couples, their children, extended families, and social networks. In addition, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression have reduced the likelihood of transmission of HIV, and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in an HIV-negative partner offers an additional option to prevent seroconversion. Significant biopsychosocial challenges remain, however, for couples who are dissimilar (serodiscordant) in HIV serological status and young adults with HIV. Many young adults and serodiscordant couples who are engaged in care and virally suppressed need support as they plan to have children or re-enter careers and social networks. There are few studies of couples with similar (seroconcordant) or serodiscordant HIV serological status. This chapter focuses on the impact of HIV on serodiscordant couples in which only one member is infected. After reviewing some of the literature, clinical issues that emerge in evaluating and treating couples are presented.
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Bradley, John S., Elizabeth D. Barnett, and Joseph B. Cantey, eds. 2017 Nelson’s Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy, 23rd Ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020756.
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New 23rd Edition! This bestselling and widely used resource on pediatric antimicrobial therapy provides instant access to reliable, up-to-the-minute recommendations for treatment of all infectious diseases in children. For each disease, the authors provide a commentary to help health care providers select the best of all antimicrobial choices. Drug descriptions cover all antimicrobial agents available today and include complete information about dosing regimens. In response to growing concerns about overuse of antibiotics, the program includes guidelines on when not to prescribe antimicrobials. Practical, evidence-based recommendations from the experts in antimicrobial therapy Developed by distinguished editorial board Designed for those who take care of children and are faced with decisions every day At-a-glance tables of bacterial and fungal pathogen susceptibilities to commonly used antimicrobials Includes treatment of parasitic infections and tropical medicine Updated assessments regarding the strength of the recommendation and the level of evidence for treatment recommendations for major infections Anti-infective drug listing, complete with formulations and dosages Antibiotic therapy for obese children Antimicrobial prophylaxis/prevention of symptomatic infection Maximal adult dosages and higher dosages of some antimicrobials commonly used in children
Book chapters on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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Spierings, Eric, Alejandro Madrigal, and Katharina Fleischhauer. "Histocompatibility." In The EBMT Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44080-9_9.
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AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are the most important histocompatibility antigens, due to their genetic polymorphism and their key role in peptide antigen presentation and T-cell alloreactivity. While full matching for the most relevant HLA loci had been regarded as a prerequisite for successful transplantation until recently, the introduction of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as immune prophylaxis has also allowed successful transplantation across multiple HLA mismatches, thus also enabling access to transplantation for patients without a fully compatible donor. The rules governing high-risk/nonpermissive HLA mismatches, identified in the past as immunopeptidome overlaps, expression levels, and predicted indirectly recognized HLA epitopes (PIRCHEs), will have to be redefined in the PTCy area to further improve patient outcomes.
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"Catheter Related Complications: Their Prophylaxis and Management /." In Vascular Access in Clinical Practice. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203908860-20.
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Hosek, Sybil, and Raphael J. Landovitz. "“The condom broke and I’m tired of worrying about HIV”." In HIV. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190088316.003.0001.
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Potential nonoccupational exposures to HIV should be considered as emergencies and access to postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is urgently required. There is no need to wait for initial HIV testing results before dispensing PEP because a 3-drug regimen is being used. For patients who remain at risk of HIV infection during or after the course of PEP, a seamless transition from PEP to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is ideal along with appropriate testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. There also is no need to have a “break” between PEP and PrEP, particularly if HIV transmission risk is ongoing. Interval testing before again prescribing medications is needed.
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Guerra, Denise Krishna Holanda, Vanessa Albuquerque Pinto, Mariana Meira Vieira, et al. "Prophylaxis of preeclampsia in low-income adolescents: Protocols and challenges." In The Evolution of Research in Health Sciences. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.006-015.
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This paper addresses preeclampsia, a serious gestational complication marked by hypertension and proteinuria, with a focus on low-income adolescents. The research, a literature review, aims to identify risk factors, assess access to treatment, and explore preventive measures appropriate to this demographic. The methodology includes a review of previous studies in the Google Scholar, Scielo, and PubMed databases, covering publications from 2001 to 2024. The results underline the need for a personalized approach to treatment, reflecting individual variability in response to interventions. It is concluded that a deep understanding and careful management are vital to mitigate the risks associated with preeclampsia, improving treatment adherence and quality of life of affected adolescents.
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Jaramillo, Francisco, Alejandro Toro-Pedroza, Pedro Caraballo, Álvaro Mondragón, and Mildrey Mosquera. "Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Developing Countries." In Stem Cell Transplantation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008566.
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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is crucial for treating high-risk acute leukemias in developing countries but is costly and complex. Our cost-effective protocol achieves promising results, with 12-month disease-free survival rates of 52% for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 65% for acute myeloid leukemia, close to those reported by JACIE-accredited units. Despite the lower transplant rates and limited access compared to developed nations, advancements in donor selection, monitoring, and infection prophylaxis have improved outcomes. Continued research and cost-effective strategies are essential to enhance accessibility and success rates in emerging economies.
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Huhn, Gregory D. "Tray Tables Up, Ready for Departure." In HIV. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190088316.003.0029.
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For international travel, securing both an experience free from illness and preserving uninterrupted access to antiretroviral therapy requires persons living with HIV (PLWH) to carefully adopt sensible precautions and receive appropriate vaccinations that match their destination. Because PLWH may have reduced immune responses to vaccination, with limitations on the use of live-attenuated vaccines in PLWH with depressed CD4 counts, HIV-specific recommendations can guide clinicians toward the most safe and effective options to best achieve seroprotection against vaccine-preventable infections. This chapter presents relevant travel-health issues among PLWH and provides general information highlighting the most common considerations for traveler’s diarrhea, malaria prophylaxis, and vaccination.
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Henin, Sally, Jeffrey Gruenglas, Miranda Anaya, and Marie-Chantale Simard. "Acute Hepatitis B Infection: U.S. Policy and Guidelines." In Hepatitis B Virus - Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005754.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to chronic complications and increased mortality, supporting the use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) as an important initiative in public health. Despite positive trends in reducing HBV exposure with effective screening and vaccination, adoption and implementation of US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) guidelines reveals gaps in protection for vulnerable populations (e.g., sexual assaulted, IV drug use, incarcerated persons, low socioeconomic status) who remain at risk for infection and viral transmission. This chapter reviews current acute HBV exposure guidelines in the United States (US) and presents opportunities for policy reform to improve equitable access and outcomes across vulnerable populations.
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Nutland, W. "Getting to 40!" In Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675486.003.0010.
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There remains a lack of consensus about the extent to which pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) contributed to the recent dramatic and stunning declines in HIV incidence occurring in the United Kingdom. This chapter describes the potential role of PrEP in this decline and offers insights into how this occurred despite a lack of formal, government-sponsored support for PrEP. Further, the chapter describes the development of a new PrEP movement in England as well as contributing factors, such as the leadership of a new wave of HIV activists, access to global generic markets, innovative supply chains, and the use of social media and the Internet. The “U-turn” and subsequent court cases are also described.
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O’Shea, Jesse, Pascale Wortley, and Robert A. Bonacci. "HIV Principles and Elimination Efforts." In The Principles and Practice of Disease Eradication. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197687420.003.0010.
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Abstract With more than 1.5 million new cases annually worldwide, HIV remains a public health crisis. After 40 years since the discovery of HIV, there are now remarkably effective HIV diagnostic, prevention, and treatment tools, including preexposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. However, significant inequities in access to HIV prevention and care and HIV-related stigma persist and threaten progress toward ending the HIV epidemic in the US and globally. HIV eradication (or even widespread elimination) also remains unlikely without a preventive vaccine or cure. This chapter reviews topics related to the principles of HIV elimination including the natural history, epidemiology, prevention, and surveillance of HIV. Biologic and operational factors that impact efforts to end the HIV epidemic are also addressed.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Making Strides toward Zero." In Pained. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0069.
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This chapter highlights how San Francisco has made steady progress toward fulfilling its goals of achieving zero HIV deaths, zero new infections, and zero HIV stigma by 2020. These goals are aligned with the UNAIDS Fast-Track strategy for reaching the three zeros globally. Getting to Zero SF specifically aims to reduce HIV infections and deaths in San Francisco by 90%. The campaign’s strategy includes improving access to PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), expanding the city’s hubs for RAPID (Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Program for HIV Diagnoses) participation, and encouraging action to keep patients in care and improve their treatment adherence. Despite the city’s progress, vulnerable groups in San Francisco continue to be heavily affected by HIV. For example, only 31% of the homeless population reached undetectable blood levels of HIV in 2016. In order to reach zero, agencies in San Francisco will have to tackle its housing crisis as a part of its HIV strategy.
Conference papers on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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Sari, Dewi Indra, and Mardiati Nadjib. "The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Prophylaxis of Covid-19: A Literature Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33.
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ABSTRACT Background: A pandemic potential Covid-19 spread rapidly worldwide. Ministry of Health, Republic Indonesia recommended one of the Covid-19 treatments with combination of hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine and azithromycin. However, the effectiveness and safety of antimalaria regime remain debating topic. This study aimed to investigate the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in prophylaxis of Covid-19. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from PubMed, SpringerLink, and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords were “prophylaxis”, “chloroquine” OR “hydroxychloroquine” “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Covid-19”. The inclusion criteria were phase IIb clinical trials, double masking, comparative observational studies, open access articles published until August 2020. The exclusion criteria were inaccessible and duplicate articles. The quality of selected articles was critically appraised. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Three articles out of 117 articles met the criteria inclusion. The findings showed that hydroxychloroquine could not prevent Covid-19 compatible disease or confirmed infections when used as post-exposure prophylaxis. High dose chloroquine was not recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients because of its potential side effects, especially when administered with azithromycin and oseltamivir. Covid-19 patients with the need for oxygenation were not suggested to use hydroxychloroquine. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence to support prophylaxis and treatment effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. Further research on the safety and use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is required in the management of Covid-19. Keywords: prophylaxis, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19 Correspondence: Dewi Indra Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: dindrasang@yahoo.com. Mobile: +628121983-6600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33
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Coukan, Flavien, Ann Sullivan, Holly Mitchell, et al. "O20 The increasing equity gaps of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access following its commissioning in England – a PrEP-to-need ratio investigation." In BASHH 2023 Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-bashh-2023.20.
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Lopes, Gabriela Huang, and Fabiana Lopes Custódio. "Reproductive rights of HIV-seropositive women: Literature Review." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-247.
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The history of the HIV virus in Brazil has led to the creation of a stigma towards the carriers of the virus, associating them with the idea of sexual promiscuity and the "anti-family" image. Thus, HIV-seropositive women are silenced from their plans regarding motherhood, which is much desired in the female universe, in view of the care plan focused on antiretroviral therapies, the use of condoms and the fight against vertical transmission. Therefore, there is a lack of access to their reproductive rights and to a more subjective care linked to the social exclusion of these women. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge of HIV-seropositive women about their reproductive rights, in order to verify the preconceptional reality faced by them. This is a literature review study of the narrative type. This review was performed using the SciELO and PubMed databases as primary search sources, with articles published from 2002 to 2022, using the descriptors "HIV and maternity", "reproductive rights and HIV". For data analysis, themes related to the reproductive rights of HIV-seropositive women were identified. Thus, the results show that in the last 2 years there has been an increase in HIV infections in women of reproductive age, showing the need for action by health professionals focused on clarifying their reproductive rights. In addition, the advancement of prophylaxis measures, through the use of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care, delivery and administration to the newborn, cesarean section and restriction of breastfeeding through breast milk, have increased the range of reproductive decisions of these women. However, the fear of prejudice, the possibility of exposure of the child, added to the neglect of the institutions resulting from the lack of reproductive planning during the routine follow-up of seropositive women, determine the withdrawal from maternity.
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Guimarães, Bruno Santos, Mário Lucio Neto, Silmara Nunes Andrade, et al. "Activities carried out during the preceptorship in a family health unit." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-019.
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The interaction between the teaching-service-community of undergraduate dental students, made possible through preceptorship, can enable students to have contact with practice in the Unified Health System. The preceptor guides clinical care, and the activities carried out during professional practice with the preceptor range from simple to more complex procedures and have comprehensive patient care as their guiding principle. The aim of this study was to report on the activities carried out during the preceptorship of the dentistry course in a family health unit. This is a descriptive experience report, carried out in April 2024 by the dental surgeon preceptor and a dental student at a family health unit. There were 23 (19.8%) emergency appointments and 93 (80.2%) scheduled appointments, totaling 116 appointments in the month of practical activity. It can be seen that the majority of appointments were for scheduled demand, scheduled on an elective basis, but when necessary, emergency appointments were carried out, taking into account the resolution of the health need presented by the individual. 60 (51.7%) adult patients, 22 children (18.9%) and 11 elderly people (29.4%) were seen. Among the activities carried out were the treatment of alveolitis, pulpectomy, pulpotomy, abscesses, extraction of teeth, extraction of residual roots, access to the pulp chamber, removal of the nerve and referral to endodontics, making of veneers, prophylaxis, restorations, exodontia, cleaning of dental materials, participation in meetings and discussion of cases with the health team, health education activities in the waiting room. In this way, we believe that the practical activities carried out during the preceptorship of the dentistry course in a health unit were able to articulate theory-practice-living in service, as well as providing students with the opportunity to attend to various dental situations in all life cycles.
Reports on the topic "Access to prophylaxis"
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VandeVusse, Alicia, Jennifer Mueller, Madeleine Haas, Priscille Osias, and Tamrin Ann Tchou. Publicly Supported Family Planning Clinics in 2022–2023: Trends in Service Delivery Practices and Protocols. Guttmacher Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.300607.
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Key Points Publicly supported family planning clinics play a crucial role in the health care system, providing essential contraceptive services to millions of people every year. These safety-net clinics have faced several obstacles since 2015, such as the Title X domestic gag rule, the COVID-19 pandemic and the overturning of Roe v. Wade. The proportion of clinics offering a wide range of contraceptive services on-site has remained relatively stable since 2015. However, provision of implants has increased, while the number of clinics offering fertility awareness–based methods and emergency contraceptive pills has decreased. The use of telemedicine to dispense oral contraceptive pills rose dramatically from 2015 to 2022–2023, likely driven by an increased use of telemedicine that began during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of several protocols that support patient access to contraceptives has increased, including prescribing at least 12 months of oral contraceptive pills at the initial visit, offering both pills and refills on-site, dispensing oral contraceptive pills using the Quick Start protocol and offering advanced provision of emergency contraception, especially among Planned Parenthood clinics. The availability of general health and other sexual and reproductive health services in these clinics has also remained largely stable, although availability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and mental health screening has increased notably since 2015.