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Nieminen, Tomi. "Conformal metrics and boundary accessibility." Illinois Journal of Mathematics 53, no. 1 (2009): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/ijm/1264170837.
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Zhang, Weihua. "Factors of Accessibility Metrics and Research Progress." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (November 6, 2023): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.11847.
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Accessibility studies are an important concept in urban transport systems and play an important role in human geography and regional economic studies. Due to the abstract nature of the concept of accessibility, it is easy to have a one-sided understanding and ambiguous knowledge of accessibility. In order to understand accessibility accurately, this paper summarize the concept of accessibility and its influencing factors. In addition, as accessibility research deepens, accessibility measurement methods and application areas are expanding, and this paper classifies different measurement methods and discusses their advantages, disadvantages and applications. The following conclusions are drawn: firstly, according to the needs of the research object and the characteristics of the facilities, the factors influencing accessibility are divided into four types of factors: transport system factors, land resource use, time description and individual characteristics; secondly, according to the purpose and conditions of the research, the broad categories of accessibility research methods can be divided into three types: metrics based on mathematical statistics, metrics based on geometric networks and metrics based on topological networks; thirdly, different Thirdly, different accessibility research methods have different scope of application, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the future, accessibility research can be improved in four directions: spatial-temporal research, adoption of appropriate accessibility methods to avoid model shortcomings, research on topological metrics and construction of a perfect accessibility metric system. In this paper, the concept of spatial accessibility and the accessibility metrics of public service facilities in existing research are reviewed, and the different methods used are compared and analyzed, in the hope of providing assistances in the knowledge and selection of relevant research methods.
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Zahedi Nooghabi, Mahdi, and Akram Fathian Dastgerdi. "Proposed metrics for data accessibility in the context of linked open data." Program 50, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prog-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose – One of the most important categories in linked open data (LOD) quality models is “data accessibility.” The purpose of this paper is to propose some metrics and indicators for assessing data accessibility in LOD and the semantic web context. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, at first the authors consider some data quality and LOD quality models to review proposed subcategories for data accessibility dimension in related texts. Then, based on goal question metric (GQM) approach, the authors specify the project goals, main issues and some questions. Finally, the authors propose some metrics for assessing the data accessibility in the context of the semantic web. Findings – Based on GQM approach, the authors determined three main issues for data accessibility, including data availability, data performance, and data security policy. Then the authors created four main questions related to these issues. As a conclusion, the authors proposed 27 metrics for measuring these questions. Originality/value – Nowadays, one of the main challenges regarding data quality is the lack of agreement on widespread quality metrics and practical instruments for evaluating quality. Accessibility is an important aspect of data quality. However, few researches have been done to provide metrics and indicators for assessing data accessibility in the context of the semantic web. So, in this research, the authors consider the data accessibility dimension and propose a comparatively comprehensive set of metrics.
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Sakkas, Nikos, and Juan Pérez. "Elaborating metrics for the accessibility of buildings." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, no. 5 (September 2006): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.002.
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McCahill, Chris, Saumya Jain, and Michael Brenneis. "Comparative assessment of accessibility metrics across the U.S." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 83 (June 2020): 102328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102328.
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KWATRA, Divya, Kalaga Ramachandra RAO, and Vasudha BHATNAGAR. "NOVEL ACCESSIBILITY METRICS BASED ON HIERARCHICAL DECOMPOSITION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 118 (March 1, 2023): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2023.118.10.
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Scientific analysis of public transport systems at the urban, regional, and national levels is vital in this contemporary, highly connected world. Quantifying the accessibility of nodes (locations) in a transport network is considered a holistic measure of transportation and land use and an important research area. In recent years, complex networks have been employed for modeling and analyzing the topology of transport systems and services networks. However, the design of network hierarchy-based accessibility measures has not been fully explored in transport research. Thus, we propose a set of three novel accessibility metrics based on the k-core decomposition of the transport network. Core-based accessibility metrics leverage the network topology by eliciting the hierarchy while accommodating variations like travel cost, travel time, distance, and frequency of service as edge weights. The proposed metrics quantify the accessibility of nodes at different geographical scales, ranging from local to global. We use these metrics to compute the accessibility of geographical locations connected by air transport services in India. Finally, we show that the measures are responsive to changes in the topology of the transport network by analyzing the changes in accessibility for the domestic air services network for both pre-covid and post-covid times.
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Mossoux, Sophie, Matthieu Kervyn, and Frank Canters. "Assessing the impact of road segment obstruction on accessibility of critical services in case of a hazard." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 6 (June 26, 2019): 1251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1251-2019.
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Abstract. Development of hazard maps is one of the measures promoted by the international community to reduce risk. Hazard maps provide information about the probability of given areas to be affected by one or several hazards. As such they are useful tools to evaluate risk and support the development of safe policies. So far studies combining hazard mapping with accessibility to services are few. In hazardous environments, accessibility of the population to strategic infrastructure is important because emergency services and goods will principally be offered at or provided from these locations. If a road segment is blocked by a hazard, accessibility to services may be affected, or worse, people may be completely disconnected from specific services. The importance of each road segment in the transport network as a connecting element enabling access to relevant services is therefore critical information for the authorities. In this study, we propose a new application of hazard mapping which aims to define the importance of each road segment in the accessibility to services, taking into account the probability of being affected by a hazard. By iteratively removing one segment after the other from the road network, changes in accessibility to critical infrastructure are evaluated. Two metrics of road segment importance considering the population affected and the hazard probability are calculated for each segment: a road accessibility risk metric and a users' path vulnerability metric. Visualization of these road metrics is a useful way of valuing hazard maps and may help to support discussions about the development of new infrastructure, road capacity increase and maintenance of existing infrastructures, and evacuation procedures.
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Ma, Minghao. "A Review of Urban Green Space Accessibility Research." Advances in Economics and Management Research 12, no. 1 (October 26, 2024): 536. https://doi.org/10.56028/aemr.12.1.536.2024.
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Green space accessibility metrics, green space quality assessment methods, and green space equity assessment methods used in existing studies are sorted out and summarized. The green space accessibility measures compare the basic principles, metrics, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods in terms of mathematical statistics, topological networks, and geometric networks. The green space quality assessment methods include a review of common single-indicator, multi-indicator, and multi-indicator system construction methods.
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Ekkel, E. Dinand, and Sjerp de Vries. "Nearby green space and human health: Evaluating accessibility metrics." Landscape and Urban Planning 157 (January 2017): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.008.
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Capasso Da Silva, Denise, David A. King, and Shea Lemar. "Accessibility in Practice: 20-Minute City as a Sustainability Planning Goal." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010129.
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Cities can enhance their sustainability planning by prioritizing accessibility as a performance metric for transportation planning. In this context, accessibility measures the ease of reaching opportunities and captures more characteristics of sustainable cities than the more conventionally used mobility metrics, focusing on the overall ability to move and generally recommending faster speeds to overcome distance. However, how cities can prioritize accessibility in planning is understudied. This research presents a case of Tempe, Arizona, putting accessibility into practice through a 20-min lens. Using a 20-min threshold for all modes, the city aims to promote travel for daily activities that is less reliant on private autos. The analysis presented here documents the challenges that planners face when planning for accessibility. The challenges range from technical points to decisions that need to be made about the quality of the built environment. The analysis also shows that Tempe, which is a classically suburban city of wide roads and single-family homes that was built around the automobile, is highly accessible by a 20-min metric by bicycling, walking and transit. These results suggest that planners focus on street network improvements that prioritize accessibility as part of a sustainability strategy.
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Konuk, Erim-Bora, Manu Centeno-Telleria, Ander Zarketa-Astigarraga, Jose-Ignacio Aizpurua, Giuseppe Giorgi, Giovanni Bracco, and Markel Penalba. "On the Definition of a Comprehensive Technology-Informed Accessibility Metric for Offshore Renewable Energy Site Selection." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091702.
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Despite the important role of offshore renewable energies (OREs) in the energy transition, the economical viability is still unclear. Therefore, an appropriate site selection is crucial. Besides the energy potential, the impact of operation and maintenance (O&M) aspects on the location can be critical. Accessibility is one of the most relevant aspects for O&M, assessing the feasibility to access the ORE farm. However, traditional accessibility assessment metrics do not allow a comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, the present paper suggests a novel, technology-informed metric, incorporating the overall set of most critical aspects, i.e., metocean conditions, visibility due to sunlight and sea fog, system failures, and O&M logistics. Among the different aspects, limited visibility is shown to be highly relevant with a reduction of up to 60% in accessibility. The study assesses accessibility in five different locations across Europe. On the one hand, accessibility is shown to be less sensitive to long-term resource variations with a reduction of 5% in the last six decades. On the other hand, accessibility is overall shown to be inversely proportional to the energy potential, meaning that as the energy potential increases, accessibility is reduced, increasing downtime, reducing the energy generation and increasing the cost of energy. As a consequence, site selection should combine the energy potential and accessibility assessments, which is enabled by the technology-informed metric presented here.
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Morales, Jose, Johannes Flacke, and Jaap Zevenbergen. "Modelling residential land values using geographic and geometric accessibility in Guatemala City." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 4 (August 25, 2017): 751–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317726332.
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Location and accessibility are core concepts for land-value research. However, the perspective is still limited in their conceptual and methodological application to cities from the Global South. The objective of this research is to bridge concepts and definitions to comprehensively operationalize accessibility indicators and uncover its relation with residential land-values in Guatemala City. We developed a multivariate regression model using the following access metrics: (1) geographic-access indices that were computed using time-based analyses per transport mode; (2) geometric-access metrics estimated via Space Syntax at various spatial scales; (3) a proposed geometric via geographic-access metric computed as potential access to network centrality. A variable selection process allowed to assess the information contribution of each variable in building a parsimonious model. We assessed the model in the context of model variations that represent common approaches used in existing literature. Geographic access to the core business district has the highest impact on the land-values, followed by proximity to urban areas with high geometric-access, measured as geometric via geographic access. Geometric accessibility at neighbourhood and city-wide scales add spatialized information that contributes to a parsimonious model and reduces spatial dependence. The model yielded the highest goodness of fit and prediction accuracy compared with the model variations. We concluded that Guatemala City land-values follow a predominant monocentric structure. Additionally, potential access to vital urban areas as identified via Space Syntax denotes the presence of economic activities, or potential for such, which were not explicitly addressed through the geographic-access metrics. The results have limitations but pose methodological possibilities relevant for research and practice in similar Latin American cities.
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Giannotti, Mariana, Diego B. Tomasiello, and Taina A. Bittencourt. "The bias in estimating accessibility inequalities using gravity-based metrics." Journal of Transport Geography 101 (May 2022): 103337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103337.
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Barboza, Matheus H. C., Mariana Giannotti, Anna B. Grigolon, and Karst T. Geurs. "A comparative analysis of leisure accessibility and equity impacts using location-based and space–time accessibility metrics." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 190 (December 2024): 104237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104237.
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Dayal, D., D. Alarcon, M. Connor, L. McCullough, N. Thomas, F. Khan, and A. Hung-Yi Lee. "245 Optimizing Room Size and Accessibility Improves Emergency Department Operational Metrics." Annals of Emergency Medicine 84, no. 4 (October 2024): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.08.247.
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Nursapa, S. T., and I. M. Ualiyeva. "APPLICATION OF BLEU AND SARI METRICS IN EVALUATING SIMPLIFIED TEXTS IN KAZAKH: ANALYSIS AND EFFECTIVENESS." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 22, no. 1 (March 22, 2025): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2025-22-1-36-43.
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This article explores the methodology for evaluating the quality of simplified texts in Kazakh using BLEU and SARI metrics. Text simplification is an important aspect for ensuring information accessibility and facilitating the learning process in Kazakh language. The BLEU metric, based on comparing n-grams of translation and reference, is widely used for evaluating the quality of machine translation, but it does not take the context of the input text into account. The SARI metric, specifically designed for evaluating text simplification, considers semantic changes and shows a higher correlation with human judgments. In this study, algorithms for replacing complex words with simple synonyms and for replacing or removing complex phrases were applied. The analysis results showed that the SARI metric is more sensitive to the changes made in simplified texts compared to BLEU. Therefore, the combined use of BLEU and SARI metrics provides a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the quality of simplified texts in Kazakh.
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Villalba, Aida, Luis E. Vila, and Jose Miguel Carot. "Analyzing patterns of accessibility to schools: A gravitational metrics study in València." AIMS Mathematics 10, no. 1 (2025): 809–25. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2025038.
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<p>A gravity-based accessibility metric, the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) enhanced with gaussian smoothing, is proposed to clarify the distribution of opportunities for compulsory education. Along with the physical locations of the homes and schools, the metric considers the population age structure and capacity to measure the population's accessibility to school services. The application of the 2SFCA within the '15-minute city' model and the analysis of València's urban environment revealed two main findings. First, the distribution of the accessibility scores after a spatial autocorrelation analysis closely reflected the per capita income across the city, irrespective of the type of school and level of compulsory education considered. Second, for most school age children, accessing a charter school is easier than access to a public school for primary and secondary education. The 2SFCA metric appears to adequately capture the uneven spatial distribution of educational opportunities, thus offering new insights into some of the forces the drive school segregation processes and their territorial foundations.</p>
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Demdoum, Khair Eddine, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Norsidah Ujang, and Nangkula Utaberta. "The role of street network metrics in shaping distance distributions in a residential neighbourhood." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, no. 62 (December 30, 2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0035.
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Walkability studies often rely on physical proximity metrics for destination accessibility. However, some recent studies argue that configuration (topological) distance provides a more accurate reflection of the actual distances experienced by individuals. This study therefore aims to test the extent to which an association exists between network-metric proximity to several destinations and two main measures of space syntax – integration and choice – in a dendriform network structure such as Putrajaya city (Malaysia). Using GIS, multiple buffer-service areas were generated around each housing unit (N = 2,392). Interpolation and space syntax analyses were conducted to assess metric and topological distance at local and global levels for each buffer. The statistical analysis showed that distances to commercial areas, transportation and average distances to all destinations were strongly affected by the syntactical properties of the neighbourhood. Moreover, global measures were more powerful in detecting metric-distance changes compared to local measures. Aligned with natural movement theory, these results support the idea that the spatial properties of urban form have a significant impact on distance distributions within residential settings, specifically distances to commercial areas. Therefore, policies that promote mixed-use development, especially in areas with good transportation access, should consider the impact of syntactical accessibility of the network.
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Pudich, Alexander S., Mikhail G. Grif, and Maxim A. Bakaev. "Research of the accessibility of Russian universities websites for persons with visual disabilities." RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education 19, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8631-2022-19-1-29-44.
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Problem statement. Nowadays the demand for university websites has increased. According to the law, versions for visually impaired have been introduced on educational sites in Russia. The research objective is to evaluate accessibility of sites and quality of versions for visually impaired (mainly in an automatic way), and to identify the best way to implement such solutions and to create accessible sites in general. Methodology. A software system for collecting metrics from websites in two versions - a normal and for visually impaired users - has been developed. Quantitative metrics based on the HTML code of home- pages and visual analysis of homepages screenshots are compared. Metrics were also received by manual testing. Results. Data from 571 universities websites with open access to files was observed. The correlation analysis of metrics was carried out. The quality of versions for visually impaired was assessed, recommendations were made for technical implementation and a standard set of settings for panel of version for visually impaired users. Statistics of used ready-made solutions, as well as website development tools, was collected. Conclusion. An idea has appeared about current issues in the field of accessibility of educational sites in Russia, and about what can be used to evaluate and developing of accessible sites. The recommendations can be used as one of the guidelines for developing or checking versions for visually impaired.
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Salvacion, Arnold R. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Facilities in Marinduque, Philippines." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100516.
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Sustainable development goal (SDG) 3 promotes well-being and healthy lives for people of all ages. However, based on the literature, one of the main challenges to achieving SDG 3 is inequality in access to health care. In order to support the efforts of the local government of the province to contribute to the achievement of SDG thru equitable access to health care, this study measured the spatial accessibility of healthcare facilities in Marinduque, Philippines. It used distance-based (i.e., travel-time) and area-based (i.e., enhanced two-step floating catchment analysis or E2SFCA) metrics. The distance from each healthcare facility to different villages in the province was established using QGIS and Google Maps. The distance traveled was measured using three (3) modes of transportation: tricycle, jeepney, and private vehicle. The E2SFCA scores were calculated for different population groups: the general population, women, children, and the elderly. Based on the results, island villages and those areas in the inner portion of the province lack physical access to healthcare facilities. Such a limitation was apparent in the distance- and area-based accessibility metrics. Among the population group considered in this study, the women population showed the lowest accessibility scores.
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Elouataoui, Widad, Imane El Alaoui, Saida El Mendili, and Youssef Gahi. "An Advanced Big Data Quality Framework Based on Weighted Metrics." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040153.
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While big data benefits are numerous, the use of big data requires, however, addressing new challenges related to data processing, data security, and especially degradation of data quality. Despite the increased importance of data quality for big data, data quality measurement is actually limited to few metrics. Indeed, while more than 50 data quality dimensions have been defined in the literature, the number of measured dimensions is limited to 11 dimensions. Therefore, this paper aims to extend the measured dimensions by defining four new data quality metrics: Integrity, Accessibility, Ease of manipulation, and Security. Thus, we propose a comprehensive Big Data Quality Assessment Framework based on 12 metrics: Completeness, Timeliness, Volatility, Uniqueness, Conformity, Consistency, Ease of manipulation, Relevancy, Readability, Security, Accessibility, and Integrity. In addition, to ensure accurate data quality assessment, we apply data weights at three data unit levels: data fields, quality metrics, and quality aspects. Furthermore, we define and measure five quality aspects to provide a macro-view of data quality. Finally, an experiment is performed to implement the defined measures. The results show that the suggested methodology allows a more exhaustive and accurate big data quality assessment, with a more extensive methodology defining a weighted quality score based on 12 metrics and achieving a best quality model score of 9/10.
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Niedzielski, Michał A. "Grocery store accessibility: Different metrics – Different modal disparity results and spatial patterns." Journal of Transport Geography 96 (October 2021): 103160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103160.
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Vigo, Markel, and Giorgio Brajnik. "Automatic web accessibility metrics: Where we are and where we can go." Interacting with Computers 23, no. 2 (March 2011): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2011.01.001.
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Kim, Junghwan, Jinhyung Lee, Thomas A. Thornhill, Julia Dennett, Haidong Lu, Benjamin Howell, Lauretta E. Grau, David A. Fiellin, Robert Heimer, and Gregg Gonsalves. "Accessibility of Opioid Treatment Programs Based on Conventional vs Perceived Travel Time Measures." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): e240209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0209.
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ImportanceTransportation barriers have long been associated with poorer health outcomes; this burden is especially acute for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic disease often associated with low socioeconomic status. Conventional travel time analyses may not fully account for experiential components of travel, thereby understating the true travel burden and overstating treatment accessibility to opioid treatment programs (OTPs).ObjectiveTo develop a metric of feels-like accessibility for those using public transit to access OTPs that accounts for the realistic travel burden on individuals with OUD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study integrated high-resolution transit schedules and operating hours of OTPs to measure feels-like accessibility. Feels-like accessibility considers the differential outcomes of out-of-vehicle travel components and more realistically reflects individuals’ transportation burden than conventional accessibility measures. Gini indices and spatial regression models were used to investigate inequities in accessibility. Geocoded data for residential addresses of 1018 overdose fatalities in Connecticut in 2019 were used as a proxy for the treatment needs of individuals with OUD. Data were analyzed between May and August 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresConventional and feels-like accessibility scores.ExposuresFluctuations in public transit frequencies over the course of the day and the limited operating hours of the OTPs.ResultsOf the 1018 individuals in the study, the mean (SD) age at death was 43.7 (12.6) years, 784 individuals (77%) were men, 111 (11%) were African American, and 889 (87%) were White, with other racial and ethnic categories including 18 individuals (2%). A total of 264 individuals in the sample (26%) could not access an OTP within 180 minutes. For those who could access these facilities, the average 1-way travel time was 45.6 minutes, with individuals spending approximately 70% of their trip duration on out-of-vehicle travel components. The conventional accessibility metric underestimates individuals’ travel burden to OTPs as well as the inequity in accessibility compared with the feels-like accessibility metric. For example, the median (range) conventional accessibility score, defined as the number of OTPs within 120 minutes of transit travel time, was 5.0 (0.0-17.0); the median (range) feels-like accessibility score, defined as the number of OTPs within 120 minutes of transit travel time weighted to account for in- and out-of-vehicle segments, was 1.0 (0.0-10.0). There is a considerable temporal variation in travel time and accessibility depending on the departure times.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of travel burdens, the calculated feels-like accessibility scores, which consider the differential outcomes of out-of-vehicle travel components (eg, walking and waiting), could better and more realistically reflect passengers’ transportation burden. Policy recommendations derived from the conventional accessibility metric could be misleading, and decision-makers should use feels-like accessibility metrics that adequately capture individuals’ travel burdens. In the context of access to OTPs, the findings from this study suggest that opening new OTP sites to address gaps in access due to distance to services or extending hours of operation at existing sites may ameliorate the travel burden for individuals.
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Oviedo, Daniel, and Luis A. Guzman. "Revisiting Accessibility in a Context of Sustainable Transport: Capabilities and Inequalities in Bogotá." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 4464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114464.
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This research sets out to examine the interaction between accessibility, social inequalities and sustainability by revisiting a well-documented case of inequalities in access in Global South cities: Bogotá. Our analysis builds on the concept of accessibility, focusing on the role of transport as an enabler of opportunities for social interactions, healthcare and leisure, which are essential to the full participation in society. The research applies a methodological framework for accessibility developed and tested in the Latin American context, though it has not been previously applied to non-commuting travel. Our paper contributes to the existing evidence base showing the relevance of non-commuting travel to sustainable transport assessment in contexts of high inequality, which can be scaled up and applied in other contexts with various levels of social and environmental inequalities. The empirical analysis is based on data from Bogotá’s household travel survey. Using this dataset, we measure accessibility using a gravitational type of metric that is calibrated based on observed travel behavior. Accessibility levels were estimated by car and public transport for every zonal planning unit in the Bogotá Region. Accessibility indices are analyzed from an equity perspective using metrics such as the Palma ratio for differences of income and socioeconomic positions. Results show that on average, low- and middle-income areas have higher accessibility than high-income areas by both private and public transport. Accessibility conditions are discussed considering a framework of transitions to sustainable urban mobility, reflecting on various drivers and consequences of barriers to access in different areas and social groups. Our findings provide insights to support actions that redistribute accessibility of opportunities beyond the job market, questioning the applicability of accessibility measures to discuss equity and sustainability in cities such as Bogotá.
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Ramachandra, Prerna. "The Business Case for Accessibility: How Inclusive UI Engineering Drives Economic Growth." European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 10 (March 15, 2025): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol13n107385.
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This article presents the compelling business case for digital accessibility, demonstrating how inclusive UI engineering drives tangible economic growth beyond mere compliance. Organizations implementing accessibility standards experience significant benefits across market expansion, legal risk reduction, operational efficiency, and brand loyalty. The economic impact extends from the substantial disability market to improved performance metrics across all user segments. Companies integrating accessibility into development workflows report enhanced code quality, reduced maintenance costs, and accelerated innovation cycles. Case studies from financial services company illustrate how accessibility implementation transforms both product performance and organizational capabilities. The article provides a structured implementation framework for organizations at any stage of accessibility maturity, offering practical governance models and progressive strategies that generate measurable business returns while creating more inclusive digital experiences.
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Cuervo, Luis Gabriel, Ciro Jaramillo, Daniel Cuervo, Eliana Martínez-Herrera, Janet Hatcher-Roberts, Luis Fernando Pinilla, María Olga Bula, et al. "Dynamic geographical accessibility assessments to improve health equity: protocol for a test case in Cali, Colombia." F1000Research 11 (November 28, 2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127294.1.
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This protocol proposes an approach to assessing the place of residence as a spatial determinant of health in cities where traffic congestion might impact health services accessibility. The study provides dynamic travel times presenting data in ways that help shape decisions and spur action by diverse stakeholders and sectors. Equity assessments in geographical accessibility to health services typically rely on static metrics, such as distance or average travel times. This new approach uses dynamic spatial accessibility measures providing travel times from the place of residence to the health service with the shortest journey time. It will show the interplay between traffic congestion, accessibility, and health equity and should be used to inform urban and health services monitoring and planning. Available digitised data enable efficient and accurate accessibility measurements for urban areas using publicly available sources and provide disaggregated sociodemographic information and an equity perspective. Test cases are done for urgent and frequent care (i.e., repeated ambulatory care). Situational analyses will be done with cross-sectional urban assessments; estimated potential improvements will be made for one or two new services, and findings will inform recommendations and future studies. This study will use visualisations and descriptive statistics to allow non-specialized stakeholders to understand the effects of accessibility on populations and health equity. This includes “time-to-destination” metrics or the proportion of the people that can reach a service by car within a given travel time threshold from the place of residence. The study is part of the AMORE Collaborative Project, in which a diverse group of stakeholders seeks to address equity for accessibility to essential health services, including health service users and providers, authorities, and community members, including academia.
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Lima, Joselice Ferreira, Gustavo Miranda Caran, Luiz Fernando R. Molinaro, and Daniela Favarro Garrossini. "Analysis of Accessibility Initiatives Applied to the Web." International Journal of Web Portals 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwp.2012100104.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the current accessibility initiatives applied to the Web and identify its main characteristics and trends. The method used was a literature review focused on work in the last twenty years in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Brazil, ranked according to their approaches, in six lines of study. As a result, points out the lack of studies that allow effective analysis of the accessibility of websites, and methods for continuous improvement of technical standards and recommendations. It follows, showing the application of usability metrics by Nielsen and ISO-9241 and the incorporation of research models of information behavior seeking for assessment of gaps in accessibility.
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Safarov, Mikhail. "Quality of accessibility vs quality accessibility of medical service in Russia: Measurement issues." Journal of New Economy 24, no. 1 (April 7, 2023): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2023-24-1-6.
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One element of human capital that determines the prospects of national economic growth is population health. This is a multivariate concept and therefore, there can be distortions in estimating its level depending on the chosen metrics. The efficiency of the health care system as an indirect indicator of a nation’s health is often measured through composite indicators of the medical service quality and accessibility. Nonetheless, in the conditions of limited resources such evaluation may not reflect the actual situation. The paper aims to discuss the problems related to the balance in the quality and accessibility of medical service in Russia. Methodologically, the research relies on classical macroeconomics. The method is the analysis of series of socioeconomic indicators collected from Russian statistics for 2012–2021. The findings point to the existence of a normative and positive approaches to measuring the efficiency of the health care system based on the composite evaluation of the two parameters: the medical service quality and accessibility. The authors prove that such methodological ideology is erroneous, and suggest evaluating relative indicators that illustrate the ratio between the two parameters. The case of one of such ratios – a relative evaluation of the number of physicians, hospital beds and diseases per group – allowed obtaining the assessment of the labour productivity. According to the conclusions, the accessibility of the medical service in Russia is decreasing, which however, does not lead to the improvement of its quality.
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Ellsworth, German Jack, Stephen M. Klisch, Britta Berg-Johansen, and Eric Ocegueda. "Validation of Smartphones in Arbitrary Positions Against Force Plate Standard for Balance Assessment." Sensors 25, no. 9 (April 22, 2025): 2639. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092639.
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Balance assessment is a key metric for tracking the health and fall risk of individuals with balance impairment. Leveraging wearable sensors and mobile devices can increase clinical accessibility to objective balance metrics. Previous work has been conducted validating center of mass (COM) acceleration metrics from mobile devices against the gold standard force plate center of pressure (COP) position; however, most studies have been restricted to devices being placed close to the subject’s COM. In this study, rigid body kinematics and the inverted pendulum model were used to develop a novel methodology for calculating COM acceleration using mobile devices in arbitrary positions, as well as an approach for conversion of COM measurements to COP position for direct validation with force plate measurements. Validation of this methodology included a direct comparison of smartphone and force plate results for COM accelerations and COP positions, as well as statistical comparisons using Spearman’s rank correlation. The results show strong analysis performance for both approaches during a subject’s intentional swaying, with more limited results in cases of little motion. The strong performance warrants future work to further improve accessibility by removing dependence on motion capture systems or replacing them with cost-effective alternatives. The accurate tracking of COM acceleration and COP position information for mobile devices at arbitrary positions increases the flexibility for future mobile or at-home balance assessments.
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Wang, Peihong, Kerun Li, and Wenbing Zhang. "China’s New Housing Security Model: Evaluation of the Job–Housing Balance in Affordable Rental Housing, Shanghai." Land 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2024): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13071034.
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The Chinese government’s recent low-income housing scheme aims to tackle housing challenges faced by the urban floating population. A notable shift in this initiative is the focus on the job–housing balance. This study proposes that the spatial interaction between land designated for affordable rental housing and land for commercial facilities serves as a fundamental metric for evaluating this equilibrium, providing insights into the effectiveness of China’s nascent affordable housing efforts. Drawing on post-2021 data, when China’s revamped affordable housing policy took effect, our research examines the spatial distribution of affordable rental housing and commercial service land in Shanghai. By employing coupled coordination models and local entropy metrics, we delve into the supply equilibrium and pragmatic interrelation of these land types. Our findings reveal localized clustering in the spatial arrangement of rental and commercial land within Shanghai. Zones in the urban core exhibit a supply balance, while the peripheries display diminishing accessibility between these land types. Core urban areas have a lower supply balance but higher accessibility, whereas urban fringes face both low supply balance and low accessibility. These study outcomes have significant implications for strategic planning and the construction of affordable rental housing.
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Dillmon, Melissa, John M. Goldberg, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Robert J. Mayer, Patrick Loehrer, and Catherine Van Poznak. "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cancer Care: Utilization and Expectations of the Practicing Oncologist." Journal of Oncology Practice 8, no. 6 (November 2012): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2012.000599.
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In a time of rapid change in practice and research in cancer, ASCO can play a pivotal role in patient care through major revisions to guideline development, accessibility, and integration with quality metrics.
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Bâra, Adela, Simona-Vasilica Oprea, Cristian Bucur, and Bogdan-George Tudorică. "Unraveling the Impact of Lockdowns on E-commerce: An Empirical Analysis of Google Analytics Data during 2019–2022." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, no. 3 (September 4, 2023): 1484–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18030075.
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This paper presents an empirical analysis of e-commerce data obtained through Google Analytics (GA) from two small businesses’ perspectives: an IT components company and a tourism agency website located within the same county in Romania. The objective of our study is to examine the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal variations over the last four years. The data collection spanned from January 2019, predating the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, until mid-February 2023. To facilitate our analysis, we categorize the GA metrics into groups that encompassed website performance, site accessibility, and user behavior for the IT company. As for the tourism agency, we focus on website accessibility, user behavior, and marketing campaigns. Our goal is to empirically group or associate GA metrics according to their intrinsic meaning and check if each group reflects a certain latent concept (such as user behavior or site accessibility). Furthermore, our study aims to formulate and test five hypotheses regarding the immediate and long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of small businesses. Our contribution consists of formulating and verifying the five hypotheses by providing descriptive data from the results of the Pearson correlation test, empirically grouping the GA metrics and verifying whether they reflect certain latent factors or topics, interpreting the results from the application of the ANOVA technique and Scarpello’s adaptation of the one factor test, respectively.
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Wang, Haining, Jason Clark, Hannah McKelvey, Leila Sterman, Gao Zheng, Zuoyu Tian, and Xiaozhong Liu. "Improving scholarship accessibility with reinforcement learning." Information Research an international electronic journal 30, iConf (March 11, 2025): 203–18. https://doi.org/10.47989/ir30iconf47530.
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Introduction. A vast amount of scholarly work is published daily, yet much of it remains inaccessible to the general public due to dense jargon and complex language. We introduce a reinforcement learning approach that fine-tunes a language model to rewrite scholarly abstracts into more comprehensible versions. Method. Our approach utilises a carefully balanced combination of word- and sentence-level accessibility rewards to guide the language model in substituting technical terms with more accessible alternatives, a task which models supervised fine-tuned or guided by conventional readability measures struggle to accomplish. Analysis. We evaluate our model’s performance through readability metrics, factual accuracy assessments and language quality measurements, comparing results against supervised fine-tuning baselines. Results. Our best model adjusts the readability level of scholarly abstracts by approximately six US grade levels—in other words, from a postgraduate to a high school level. This translates to roughly a 90% relative improvement over the supervised fine-tuning baseline, while maintaining factual accuracy and high-quality language. Conclusions. We envision our work as a step toward bridging the gap between scholarly research and the general public, particularly younger readers, and those without a college degree.
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Chen, Andy, Ilayda Karagoel, Noah Friedman-Biglin, and Dan Nathan-Roberts. "No Ticket To Ride: A Systematic Definition of Transit Insecurity." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651291.
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While the concept of ‘transit insecurity’ may seem self-explanatory, the phrase is not widely used in the current lexicon of city planning, public discourse, or in policy research. The term also lacks a widely accepted definition, scale, or metric of assessment. This scoping review will provide a definition, and explore metrics that demonstrate the extent to which a person or community is transit insecure. To arrive at this definition and set of metrics, a systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases for studies pertaining to transit insecurity. Articles were screened and assessed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Over 200 articles were initially identified and after review, a total of 15 articles were included in the final analysis, ranging in publication from 2005 to 2020. There were four factors found to affect transit insecurities: income level; travel distance; duration; and accessibility. By examining the impact of transit insecurity we hope to shed light on these problems and assist in proposing and studying solutions to transit insecurity.
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Conway, Matthew Wigginton, Andrew Byrd, and Marco van der Linden. "Evidence-Based Transit and Land Use Sketch Planning Using Interactive Accessibility Methods on Combined Schedule and Headway-Based Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2653, no. 1 (January 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2653-06.
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There is a need for indicators of transportation–land use system quality that are understandable to a wide range of stakeholders and that can provide immediate feedback on the quality of interactively designed scenarios. Location-based accessibility indicators are promising candidates, but indicator values can vary strongly depending on time of day and transfer wait times. Capturing this variation increases complexity, slowing calculations. This paper presents new methods for rapid yet rigorous computation of accessibility metrics, allowing immediate feedback during early-stage transit planning while being rigorous enough for final analyses. The approach is statistical, characterizing the uncertainty and variability in accessibility metrics related to differences in departure time and headway-based scenario specification. The analysis was carried out on a detailed multimodal network model including both public transportation and streets. Land use data were represented at high resolution. These methods were implemented as open-source software running on a commodity cloud infrastructure. Networks were constructed from standard open data sources, and scenarios were built in a map-based web interface. A case study is presented, describing how these methods were applied in a long-term transportation planning process for an urbanized, polycentric Randstad region in the Netherlands.
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Thammastitkul, Akara, and Jitsanga Petsuwan. "Enhancing accessibility and discoverability of digital archive images through automated image recognition tool." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i2.pp1294-1303.
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This research paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of Imagga and Google cloud vision application programming interface (API) as image recognition tools for generating metadata in digital archive images. The assessment encompasses a diverse range of archive images, including those without text, images with text, and both color and black-and-white images. Through the use of evaluation metrics such as cosine similarity, word overlap similarity, recall, precision, and F1 score, the performance of these tools is quantitatively measured. The findings highlight the strong individual performance of both Imagga and Google cloud vision API, with the combined metadata outputs achieving significantly higher scores across all metrics. This emphasizes the potential benefits of employing a combined approach, leveraging the strengths of multiple tools to enhance the reliability and robustness of the metadata extraction process. The findings contribute to the advancement of metadata management in digital archives and underscore the importance of utilizing multiple tools for improved performance in image metadata generation.
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Zlygostev, A. I., and B. N. Pishik. "On Quantitative Metrics for the Consistency and Availability in Distributed Databases." Vestnik NSU. Series: Information Technologies 20, no. 2 (October 8, 2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7900-2022-20-2-18-26.
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This article considers simultaneous attainability of consistency and availability. The approaches to determining the maximum possible levels of accessibility for different consistency models are compared. The necessity of introducing quantitative metrics for these two indicators and review the prior articles with quantitative estimates of consistency is advocated. The importance of this problem is confirmed, and directions for modeling the parameters of the applied problem using numerical experiments are proposed.
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Owen, Karen K., and David W. Wong. "An approach to differentiate informal settlements using spectral, texture, geomorphology and road accessibility metrics." Applied Geography 38 (March 2013): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.11.016.
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De Vincentis, Rosita, Federico Karagulian, Carlo Liberto, Marialisa Nigro, Vincenza Rosati, and Gaetano Valenti. "A Data-Driven Approach to Analyze Mobility Patterns and the Built Environment: Evidence from Brescia, Catania, and Salerno (Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 14378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114378.
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Investigating the correlation between urban mobility patterns and the built environment is crucial to support an integrated approach to transportation and land-use planning in modern cities. In this study, we aim to conduct a data-driven analysis of these two interrelated parts of the urban environment through the estimation of a set of metrics to assist city planners in making well-informed strategic decisions. Metrics are computed by aggregating and correlating different types of data sources. Floating Car Data (FCD) are used to compute metrics on mobility demand and traffic patterns. The built environment metrics are mainly derived from population and housing census data, as well as by investigating the topology and the functional classification adopted in the OpenStreetMap Repository to describe the importance and the role of each street in the overall network. Thanks to this set of metrics, accessibility indexes are then estimated to capture and explain the interaction between traffic patterns and the built environment in three Italian cities: Brescia, Catania, and Salerno. The results confirm that the proposed data-driven approach can extract valuable information to support decisions leading to more sustainable urban mobility volumes and patterns. More specifically, the application results show how the physical shape of each city and the related street network characteristics affect the accessibility profiles of different city zones and, consequently, the associated traffic patterns and travel delays. In particular, the combined analysis of city layouts, street network distributions, and floating car profiles suggests that cities such as Brescia, which is characterized by a homogeneously distributed radial street system, exhibit a more balanced spread of activities and efficient mobility behaviors.
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Bolten, Nicholas, and Anat Caspi. "Towards routine, city-scale accessibility metrics: Graph theoretic interpretations of pedestrian access using personalized pedestrian network analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0248399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248399.
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A wide range of analytical methods applied to urban systems address the modeling of pedestrian behavior. These include methods for multimodal trip service areas, access to businesses and public services, diverse metrics of “walkability”, and the interpretation of location data. Infrastructure performance metrics in particular are an increasingly important means by which to understand and provide services to an urbanizing population. In contrast to traditional one-size-fits all analyses of street networks, as more detailed pedestrian-specific transportation network data becomes available, the opportunity arises to model the pedestrian network in terms of individual experiences. Here, we present a formalized and city-scale framework, personalized pedestrian network analysis (PPNA), for embedding and retrieving pedestrian experiences. PPNA enables evaluation of new, detailed, and open pedestrian transportation network data using a quantitative parameterization of a pedestrian’s preferences and requirements, producing one or more weighted network(s) that provide a basis for posing varied urban pedestrian experience research questions, with four approaches provided as examples. We introduce normalized sidewalk reach (NSR), a walkshed-based metric of individual pedestrian access to the sidewalk network, and sidewalk reach quotient (SRQ), an estimate of inequity based on comparing the normalized sidewalk reach values for different pedestrian profiles at the same location. Next, we investigate a higher-order and combinatorial research question that enumerates pedestrian network-based amenity access between pedestrians. Finally, we present city-scale betweenness centrality calculations between unique pedestrian experiences, highlighting disagreement between pedestrians on the “importance” of various pedestrian network corridors. Taken together, this framework and examples represent a significant emerging opportunity to promote the embedding of more explicit and inclusive hypotheses of pedestrian experience into research on urban pedestrian accessibility, multimodal transportation modeling, urban network analysis, and a broader range of research questions.
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Drivas, Ioannis, and Eftichia Vraimaki. "Evaluating and Enhancing Museum Websites: Unlocking Insights for Accessibility, Usability, SEO, and Speed." Metrics 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/metrics2010001.
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The digital transformation of museums has elevated their websites from mere informational tools to dynamic platforms that foster cultural engagement, inclusivity, and preservation. This study evaluates the performance of 234 museum websites worldwide, focusing on critical dimensions such as accessibility, usability, SEO, and speed. By employing a comprehensive diagnostic framework of evaluation metrics, the research reveals disparities between mobile and desktop versions, highlights regional variations, and identifies key performance drivers. Generally, desktop sites outperform their mobile counterparts, underscoring the necessity for tailored optimization strategies that strike a balance between fast-loading, visually stable mobile pages and content-rich desktop experiences. A key contribution of this study is the development of an easy-to-adopt and inclusive evaluation framework that unites fragmented approaches, enabling museums of all sizes to enhance their digital presence. Furthermore, the research provides actionable insights for administrators, particularly those in resource-constrained institutions, through a cost-free, user-friendly toolkit that simplifies technical metrics and promotes internal staff capacity building in digital analytics. Ultimately, the findings help empower museums to bridge digital performance gaps while ensuring they continue to function as vibrant cultural hubs in a rapidly changing digital landscape.
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Wang, Fan, Xuefeng Bai, Yuezhu Wang, Yong Jiang, Bo Ai, Yong Zhang, Yuejuan Liu, et al. "ATACdb: a comprehensive human chromatin accessibility database." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (October 30, 2020): D55—D64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa943.
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Abstract Accessible chromatin is a highly informative structural feature for identifying regulatory elements, which provides a large amount of information about transcriptional activity and gene regulatory mechanisms. Human ATAC-seq datasets are accumulating rapidly, prompting an urgent need to comprehensively collect and effectively process these data. We developed a comprehensive human chromatin accessibility database (ATACdb, http://www.licpathway.net/ATACdb), with the aim of providing a large amount of publicly available resources on human chromatin accessibility data, and to annotate and illustrate potential roles in a tissue/cell type-specific manner. The current version of ATACdb documented a total of 52 078 883 regions from over 1400 ATAC-seq samples. These samples have been manually curated from over 2200 chromatin accessibility samples from NCBI GEO/SRA. To make these datasets more accessible to the research community, ATACdb provides a quality assurance process including four quality control (QC) metrics. ATACdb provides detailed (epi)genetic annotations in chromatin accessibility regions, including super-enhancers, typical enhancers, transcription factors (TFs), common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), risk SNPs, eQTLs, LD SNPs, methylations, chromatin interactions and TADs. Especially, ATACdb provides accurate inference of TF footprints within chromatin accessibility regions. ATACdb is a powerful platform that provides the most comprehensive accessible chromatin data, QC, TF footprint and various other annotations.
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Sheoran, Sudesh, S. Mohanasundaram, R. Kasilingam, and Sanket Vij. "Usability and Accessibility of Open Government Data Portals of Countries Worldwide." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 19, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.322307.
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The open government data (OGD) portal is an initiative by governments worldwide to promote transparency and accountability and enhance citizen participation and public value creation. The ability of these portals to deliver the expected benefits depends on their usability and accessibility, besides their content. This study conducts an integrated assessment and comparison of the OGD portals of 75 countries based on their usability and accessibility. The usability of the portals is measured through several technical indicators, classified into performance metrics, browser timings, and optimisation using automated diagnostic tools. Accessibility is evaluated through portals' conformance to web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG). The ‘technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution' (TOPSIS) and entropy weight method are used to rank the portals. The findings of this study could be helpful for policymakers and internal stakeholders of OGD initiatives to identify the focus area and make decisions on resource allocation.
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Ranieri, Vittorio. "Methods for infrastructure planning in areas close to hospitals at the regional level." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 91 (February 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.91.9.
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Healthcare emergency management is also an infrastructure problem, in terms of accessibility and safety but nowadays there is lack of consolidated method to solve this issue. Concerning accessibility, the access to the nearest hospital should be guaranteed from each city in the region in an acceptable time. Concerning safety, road arterials travelled by emergency vehicles should have high safety standards, for emergency vehicles and the reduction of congestion due to traffic crashes. This study aims at providing a methodological framework (tested in the case of Apulia, Italy) to conduct accessibility and safety assessments at the regional level, in case of existing and new hospitals. Accessibility and safety were studied setting specific metrics, like time to reach the hospital and accident analysis at macroscopic level to plan safety interventions. The least safe road sites in the ranking obtained by applying the proposed indicators for new and existing hospitals can be improved.
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Sun, Yiwen, Hang Li, Xianhua Guo, and Chao Gao. "Bridging the Green Space Divide: A Big Data-Driven Analysis of Park Accessibility Inequities in Chinese Megacities Using Enhanced 3SFCA Modeling." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2025): 2059. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052059.
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This study enhances our understanding of urban park accessibility and social equity through a novel methodological framework in Chengdu, China. By improving the three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method with space syntax metrics and multi-modal transportation analysis, we identify spatial disparities in green space access. Our methodology, validated with Baidu heat map data, demonstrates improved accuracy in estimating population demand patterns. Key findings include: (1) The enhanced 3SFCA method outperforms traditional approaches in predicting park accessibility, providing reliable evidence for urban planning; (2) significant accessibility disparities exist across transportation modes, particularly affecting non-motorized transport users; (3) newly developed areas show greater park access inequities than established neighborhoods; (4) important mismatches exist between park accessibility and vulnerable population distributions. This research provides targeted recommendations for reducing spatial inequities and improving green space access for all residents, particularly benefiting children and elderly populations in rapidly urbanizing contexts.
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Radics, Miklós, Panayotis Christidis, Borja Alonso, and Luigi dell’Olio. "The X-Minute City: Analysing Accessibility to Essential Daily Destinations by Active Mobility in Seville." Land 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2024): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13101656.
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The concept of the “x-minute city” emphasises connected, mixed-use, and functionally dense urban areas where residents can access most daily necessities within a short walk or bike ride. By promoting proximity to essential destinations and sustainable transport options, this approach reduces the need for extensive travel and minimises environmental impact. This paper analyses the readiness of cities to function as x-minute cities and identifies necessary interventions. Using a reproducible and scalable methodology based on open data and software, the study assesses the accessibility of key urban amenities within specified timeframes. Cumulative accessibility metrics are calculated for different destination categories, considering both walking and cycling. In the case of Seville, accessibility requirements outlined in policy documents are already met for many essential services, particularly public facilities. The study identifies neighbourhoods that excel in accessibility and others that require improvement in adhering to x-minute city principles. The methodology and findings can inform planning and policy decisions in other cities, guiding efforts to enhance amenity provision, test accessibility scenarios, and target intervention areas.
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Sahebgharani, Alireza, Mahmoud Mohammadi, and Hossein Haghshenas. "Computing Spatiotemporal Accessibility to Urban Opportunities: A Reliable Space-Time Prism Approach in Uncertain Urban Networks." Computation 7, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation7030051.
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Space-time prism (STP) is a comprehensive and powerful model for computing accessibility to urban opportunities. Despite other types of accessibility measures, STP models capture spatial and temporal dimensions in a unified framework. Classical STPs assume that travel time in street networks is a deterministic and fixed variable. However, this assumption is in contradiction with the uncertain nature of travel time taking place due to fluctuations and traffic congestion. In addition, travel time in street networks mostly follows non-normal probability distributions which are not modeled in the structure of classical STPs. Neglecting travel time uncertainty and disregarding different types of probability distributions cause unrealistic accessibility values in STP-based metrics. In this way, this paper proposes a spatiotemporal accessibility model by extending classical STPs to non-normal stochastic urban networks and blending this modified STP with the attractiveness of urban opportunities. The elaborated model was applied on the city of Isfahan to assess the accessibility of its traffic analysis zones (TAZs) to Kowsar discount retail markets. A significant difference was found between the results of accessibility values in normally and non-normally distributed networks. In addition, the results show that the northern TAZs had larger accessibility level compared to the southern ones.
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Yang, Kairan, Yujun Xie, and Hengtao Guo. "Optimization of spatial distribution of sports parks based on accessibility analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2023): e0291235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291235.
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In recent years, public sports services have attracted great attention owing to their increasingly important role in public health. However, effective evaluation metrics measuring the efficiency of such services from a spatial perspective (e.g., accessibility and distribution of sports parks) remain absent. Indeed, most designs of sports park distribution in urban areas did not consider practical factors such as local road networks, population distribution, and resident preference, resulting in low utilization rates of these parks. In this study, a spatial accessibility-based method is proposed for evaluation of the distributions of sports parks. As a demonstration, the distribution of sports parks in the central urban area of Changsha, China was investigated using the proposed method by the GIS network analysis. Additionally, optimization strategies for sports park distribution (in terms of spatial distribution and overall accessibility) were developed by using spatial syntax.
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McCarroll, Alexis M., Bree E. Holtz, and Dar Meshi. "Searching for Social Media Addiction: A Content Analysis of Top Websites Found through Online Search Engines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 10077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910077.
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Disordered social media use, often referred to as “social media addiction”, has not been officially recognized by medical bodies such as the American Psychiatric Association or the World Health Organization. However, websites still present information to laypeople on how to treat and manage social media addiction, which can pose the risk of spreading low quality or incorrect information. As such, we aimed to assess how the most popular social media addiction websites present information across multiple metrics. We conducted an in-depth online search to identify the top social media addiction websites in November 2019 (N = 23). Websites were separated into four distinct classifications: (1) treatment/therapy/medical; (2) informational; (3) news article; and (4) blog/essay. Based on previous website analysis research, three trained coders evaluated these websites on six metrics: (1) design; (2) credibility; (3) accessibility; (4) literacy; (5) engagement; and (6) social media addiction content. Design features were the top-rated metric across all websites, followed by credibility. Websites scored the lowest for the engagement and social media addiction content metrics. Across website classifications, scores for social media addiction content varied greatly, with blog/essay websites ranking the lowest and informational websites ranking the highest. Our findings provide necessary information for both patients and healthcare providers, apprising these individuals and the field about the current online health information landscape for disordered social media use.