Academic literature on the topic 'Accession efficiency'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Chernobai, Yu O., V. K. Riаbchun, A. V. Yarosh, and A. I. Morgunov. "Winter bread wheat productivity elements and yield capacity in relation to its origin." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 24 (2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.24.03.
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Aim. To compare winter bread wheat accessions of different origin for spike productivity elements and yield capacity. Results and Discussion. 104 winter bread wheat accessions from 10 countries were studied. We distinguished, an accession from Turkey, SWW 1-904 (12.8 cm) due to its long spike. The largest number of spikelets was recorded in accessions SWW 1-904 (TUR), Veha (RUS) and Pamiatі Hіrka (UKR) - 21 spikelets. Turkish accession SWW 1-904 was noticeable for the grain number per spike. The greatest spike density was observed in accession Zluka (UKR) - 2.5 spikelets / cm. The spike weight and grain weight per spike were the highest in SWW 1-904 (TUR): 6.0 g and 4.5 g, respectively. Accessions Lehenda Myronivska (0.81), Prydniprovska (UKR), Kuma, Yunona, Avgusta (RUS) (0.80) had the highest index of spike productivity. The 1000-grain weight of 55.0 g was recorded in intensive variety SWW 1-904 (TUR). Accessions from Ukraine, Darynka Kyivska and Raihorodka combined high winter hardiness (9 points) with high yield capacity (955 g/m2). Conclusions. Thus, winter bread wheat accessions that are valuable starting material for developing new varieties with a set of important economic features, were identified. They can increase the breeding efficiency and accelerate the breeding process.
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Blair, GJ, and EJ Wilson. "Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. IV. Yield, efficiency parameters and partitioning of P in two white clover accessions under varying levels of P supply in solution culture." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9901071.
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An experiment was conducted under controlled environment conditions in nutrient solution over four P levels (1,4, 8, 16 8mol P m-3) to evaluate the yield performance and P uptake of two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens). The two accessions used were Naturalized, which was grown from a seed collection made from a low P soil on the Northern Tablelands of N.S.W., and cv. Ladino. Nutrient solutions were renewed when the P concentrations fell by a maximum of 10% and were pumped so that there was a flow rate of 4.4 L min-1 over the plant roots. The shoot and root fresh weight yield of Ladino was higher than Naturalized at all P levels. At 16 8mol P m-3 the shoot yield of Ladino was fourfold that of Naturalized; however, the relative yield response of Ladino between 1 and 16 8mol P m-3 was only 20% of the response of that in Naturalized. Phosphorus uptake was highest in Ladino at all P levels. The minimum shoot labile P concentrations recorded in this study were 1.1 and 2.5 8mol P g F.wt-1for Ladino and Naturalized respectively, indicating that Naturalized is capable of maintaining relatively high soluble tissue P levels under low P supply. The generally higher labile, lipid and residue P levels in new leaf, old leaf, stem and root in the Naturalized white clover accession indicate a lower efficiency of nutrient utilization in this collection compared to Ladino. In contrast to Ladino, Naturalized white clover may be able to control its P accumulation at high levels of supply, as toxic levels do not accumulate in old leaf. Ladino was the more efficient accession when P efficiency was defined as shoot yield per unit of P in solution. When P efficiency was defined as shoot or plant yield per unit of P absorbed or as the inverse of P concentration (utilization quotient), Ladino was the more efficient accession at 1 and 4 8mol P m-3, with only small differences between the accessions at 8 and 16 8mol P m-3. The results suggest that Naturalized may be adapted to low P supply through its low inherent growth rate which lowers its demand for exogenous P.
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Bobkov, Sergey, and Ivan Bychkov. "CONTENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN ONTOGENESIS OF WILD AND CULTURAL PEA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-10-14.
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The objective consisted in study of wild pea representatives on chlorophyll and carotenoid content for use in producing new varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and optimal assimilate distribution. The research was conducted in 2016‑2017 in Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (Orel). Plants were grown on experimental field with density 1.2 million plants/ha on triplicated plots 1 m2. Wild pea accessions k-5322 (asiaticum), k-3370 (elatius), k-4014 (elatius) from VIR collection and varieties Temp and Stabil were used. Wild accessions k-3370 and k-5322 had more chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids then leafy Temp variety on 24.5 %, 28.2 %, 41.5 % and 13.3 %, 2.7 %, 18.7 % respectively. Unlike the cultivated pea, accessions k-3370 and k-5322 retain high level of chlorophylls a and b in ontogenesis longer time. After transition from bud formation to the beginning of seed filling content of chlorophylls a and b in accession k-3370 was at the same level (11.71 mg/g и 11.1 mg/g respectively), in accession k-5322 it decreased insignificantly from 11.31 mg/g to 9.72 mg/g. Nevertheless, in variety Temp content of chlorophylls a and b significantly decreased on 34.1 % after transition from bud formation to the seed filling. Wild accession k-3370 like pea varieties had low chlorophyll a/b ratio (2.92), but accession k-5322 had the highest value (3.26) of the ratio. In wild accession k-3370 and k-5322 the chlorophyll a/b ratio was changed in ontogenesis that is no-typical for Temp variety. Pea wild accessions can be considered as sources of valuable alleles determining the high level of chlorophylls and carotenoids
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Juřica, A., T. Medonos, and L. Jelínek. "Structural changes and efficiency in Czech agriculture in the pre-accession period." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 3 (2012): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5180-agricecon.
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Czech agricultural sector undertook many great changes in the last 12 years. These changes have resulted in the creation of business structure, which, however, is still not finished due to external (market) and internal (enterprise) conditions. The main goal within these changes was to create functional efficient and competitive agricultural sector, which is to survive in ever changing global world, in particular with respect to the intention to join the unified Europe. One of the questions, which is currently discussed very often, is to what extent the current business agricultural structure is efficient in input allocation, eventually which structural changes have to be undertaken to create such effective sector. The main objective of this contribution is therefore to present findings, which were obtained within the research project processing.
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Vasiliev, N., E. Suuster, H. Luik, R. Värnik, E. Matveev, and A. Astover. "Productivity of Estonian dairy farms decline after the accession to the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 9 (2011): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/122/2010-agricecon.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the productivity change of Estonian dairy farms before and after the accession to the European Union. The Malmquist productivity index was measured and separated into the technical and efficiency change using the data envelopment analysis for the pre-accession period (years 2001–2003) and the post-accession period (2004–2006). Second-stage regression was applied to estimate the possible variables determining the productivity and efficiency change. Productivity growth of Estonian dairy farms was negative for both observed periods; the mean annual growth rate of the Malmquist productivity index was –0.7% in 2001–2003 and –2.6% in 2004–2006. The share of farms with declining productivity increased from 36% to 50% after the accession to the EU and is induced mainly by a significant deterioration in the efficiency change. Remarkable changes in the line-up of most efficient dairy farms occurred between 2000 and 2006, producers with greater initial efficiency have experienced significant regress, with efficiency score decreasing from 0.842 in 2000 to 0.608 in 2006 and the new front-runners, forming the efficiency frontier, have emerged. Capitalization was positively related with the cumulative technical change. Nevertheless, increasing investments and assets have not affected efficiency change and investments have often not been harnessed in the best possible way.  
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Godwin, DC, and GJ Blair. "Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. V. A comparison of white clover accessions." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (1991): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910531.
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Seed collections of 'naturalized' white clover (Trifolium repens L.) accessions, believed to have been derived from a Dutch 'wild white' clover introduced into the Northern Tablelands area of New South Wales were made. The collections were made from areas with low, high, and intermediate concentrations of extractable soil phosphorus. In a controlled environment pot experiment, the shoot and root growth and P uptake of each of these accessions was compared over a range of six P rates to three commercially available accessions-Ladino, Grasslands Huia, and Haifa and an accession from Algeria. Various methods of determining the efficiency of ultilization of P were examined. By all methods studied, Ladino generally was more efficient at utilizing applied P. Ladino produced a larger shoot biomass and greater length of root than other accessions, had a higher P uptake, and was more efficient in utilizing this P for the synthesis of biomass. The rankings of the clover accessions in terms of P efficiency changed according to the definition used. The study suggests that some scope exists for selection for P efficiency in clover accessions.
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Chrastinová, Z., and V. Burianová. " Economic efficiency of Slovak agriculture and its commodity sectors." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 2 (2012): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2010-agricecon.
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The article brings out the findings about economic efficiency of agriculture and its commodity sectors after the accession of Slovakia into the EU. The adoption of the CAP had a positive impact on the growth of the off-market and total income but at the same time, its production efficiency decreased and the production structure has changed. Less efficient sectors of the crop and livestock production declined. Regarding the aspect of financing of the agricultural sector, the European resources, mainly the direct payments, were determined. The total subsidies into agriculture increased in comparison with the pre-accession period. The volume of direct payments including the complementary national direct payments reached the maximum level in 2007, 2008 and 2009.
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Maris, P. C., N. N. Joosten, D. Peters, and R. W. Goldbach. "Thrips Resistance in Pepper and Its Consequences for the Acquisition and Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt virus by the Western Flower Thrips." Phytopathology® 93, no. 1 (2003): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.1.96.
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Different levels of thrips resistance were found in seven Capsicum accessions. Based on the level of feeding damage, host preference, and host suitability for reproduction, a thrips susceptible and a resistant accession were selected to study their performance as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) sources and targets during thrips-mediated virus transmission. Vector resistance did not affect the virus acquisition efficiency in a broad range of acquisition access periods. Inoculation efficiency was also not affected in short inoculation periods, but was significantly lower on plants of the thrips resistant accession during longer inoculation access periods. Under the experimental conditions used, the results obtained show that transmission of TSWV is little affected by vector resistance. However, due to a lower reproduction rate on resistant plants and a lower preference of thrips for these plants, beneficial effects of vector resistance might be expected under field conditions.
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Donato, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues, Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes, Beatriz Lima Barros, Joel da Silva de Deus, and Ednei de Souza Pires. "Gas exchange in umbu tree accessions." Comunicata Scientiae 14 (September 30, 2023): e4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.4154.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate gas exchanges in umbu tree accessions. A 5 × 7 × 2 split-split plot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (five accessions – BRS-68, EPAMIG-05, BGU-61, BGU-75, and BGU-50 × seven evaluation dates × two reading times – 8 a.m. and 2 p.m.) with three repetitions. The lower leaf temperatures recorded in BRS-68 and EPAMIG 05 accessions favor higher net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency compared to BGU 61 accession. Umbu tree regulates transpiration by reducing stomatal conductance under high vapor pressure deficit, although the tree increases transpiration as a defense strategy against heat stress, even with a reduction in stomatal conductance. High temperatures limit instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and the ratio of photosynthesis to radiation incident on the leaf. Transpiration varies directly with stomatal conductance, while intrinsic water use efficiency varies inversely with internal CO2 concentration.
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Zasari, Maera, and Rostiar Sitorus. "Exploration-Characterization Morphology of Local Cocoa On Bangka Island." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 6, no. 1 (2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v6i1.356.
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The diversity of genetic material determines the success of cocoa production. improvement and breeding programs. Enrichment of genetic material for Bangka cocoa can be achieved through exploration and characterization of morphological features or characters of accessions, clones, and/or varieties. To determine the level of diversity of qualitative and quantitative traits. Morphological exploration and characterization was aimed at identifying the diversity of Bangka cocoa as an effort to increase the efficiency of utilization of local genetic material. The research used survey, and direct characterization (purposive sampling). Exploration to obtain a cocoa plant passport consists of accession number, accession name, location of origin, owner's name, age of plant, and land area. Characterization to obtain the identity of qualitative and quantitative characters from leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds refers to “The Systematic Description of Cacao Clones. The results of the exploration-characterization obtained 29 accessions of cocoa from Bangka, which had very diverse morphological characters. Diversity is evidenced by wide phenotypic variability even though it has narrow genetic variability, and the similarity level of some accessions is quite low, namely <50%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Wu, Tong Caudill Steven B. "Is there a gap of banking efficiency between access and non-accession countries in central and eastern Europe." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/WU_TONG_10.pdf.
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Usher, Paul Simon. "Efficiently accessing devices across local area networks." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479487.
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Liu, Dongyu. "Efficient resource management for heterogeneous devices accessing Internet streaming content." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/5633.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 127. Thesis director: Songqing Chen. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-126). Also issued in print.
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Ritchie, Felix. "Accessing the New Earnings Survey Panel Dataset : efficient techniques and applications." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21519.
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The New Earnings Survey Panel Dataset is one of the largest datasets of its kind in the world. Its size and confidentiality restrictions present considerable difficulties for analysis using standard econometric packages. This thesis presents a number of methods for accessing the information held within the panel relatively efficiently, based upon the use of cross-product matrices and on data compression techniques. These methods allow, for the first time, the panel aspect of the dataset to be used in analysis. The techniques described here are then employed to produce an overview of changes in the UK labour market from 1975 to 1990 and detailed estimates of male and female earnings over a fourteen year period. These are the first panel estimates on the dataset, and they indicate the importance of allowing the parameters of any labour market model to vary over time. This is significant as panel estimators typically impose structural stability on the coefficients. A comparison of cross-section and panel estimates of earnings functions for males indicate that the allowance for individual heterogeneity also has a notable effect on the estimates produced, implying simple cross-sections may be significantly biased. Some preliminary estimates of the male-female wage gap indicate that variation over time has an important part to play in accounting for the differences in wages, and that "snapshot" studies may not capture dynamic changes in the labour market. Individual differences also playa significant role in the explanation of the wage gap.
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REIS, CARPANEZ CORREA LUCIANA. "Dicotomia tra efficienza dei servizi sanitari ospedalieri e accesso: uno studio comparativo." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/278870.
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Negli ultimi due decenni (2000-2018), non meno della metà e fino ai due terzi di tutte le spese sanitarie nazionali sono state effettuate per i servizi ospedalieri. Diversi studi dimostrano dunque che il miglioramento dell'efficienza del settore ospedaliero ha ricadute positive sull’intero sistema-Paese; di conseguenza questo dovrebbe essere un obiettivo dei governi. Il presente lavoro ripercorre il cammino che sia in Italia che in Brasile ha portato alla costruzione di un sistema sanitario nazionale, individuando le convergenze e le divergenze che si incontrano sul percorso della definizione dell’assistenza ospedaliera. Muovendosi all’interno dei rispettivi ordinamenti giuridici, si andranno ad enucleare le principali caratteristiche del modello ospedaliero italiano e brasiliano. L'evoluzione del diritto alla salute in Italia e in Brasile ha raggiunto risultati simili, soprattutto per quanto riguarda i testi costituzionali e la conformazione del sistema sanitario locale, sebbene fossero il risultato di contesti socioculturali diversi. Entrambi i Paesi hanno adottato strategie molto simili nelle loro politiche di protezione sociale per quanto riguarda la realizzazione del volto sanitario del diritto alla salute. Pur considerando le differenze punteggiate e i numerosi problemi esistenti, l'Italia e il Brasile sono riusciti a mettere in pratica molti dei punti della riforma sanitaria, in particolare la necessità di mettere la salute come centro di riflessione e azione per costruire sistemi basati sull'universalità. Entrambi i Paesi ottengono l’affermazione della salute come diritto universale. D’altra parte, un primo punto di divergenza tra i sistemi sanitari italiano e brasiliano è la durata del periodo della municipalizzazione mirata all’ampliamento dell'accesso ai servizi sanitari. Un secondo punto di differenziazione riguarda la regionalizzazione ovvero una maggiore concentrazione del potere decisionale in Italia, mentre in Brasile questa operazione è arrivata timidamente e solo nei primi anni della seconda decade di questo secolo. Il sistema sanitario italiano è regionalizzato, quindi ogni regione è autonoma e offre servizi di bassa, media e alta complessità. Nel caso brasiliano, l'accesso è stato ampliato nei primi venti anni del Sistema Único de Saúde, ma soprattutto per l'assistenza a bassa complessità. Pertanto, i cittadini brasiliani devono recarsi in altri comuni e persino in altri Stati quando necessitano di assistenza di media e alta complessità. La regionalizzazione del sistema sanitario brasiliano, come è stato fatto in Italia, può portare a una maggiore efficienza del sistema.<br>In the past two decades (2000-2018), no less than half and up to two thirds of all national healthcare costs have been made for hospital services. Various studies therefore show that improving the efficiency of the hospital sector has positive effects on the entire country-system; consequently, this should be a target for governments. This work traces the path that both in Italy and in Brazil has led to the construction of a national health system, identifying the convergences and divergences that are encountered along the path of defining hospital care. Moving within the respective legal systems, the main characteristics of the Italian and Brazilian hospital model will be listed. The evolution of the right to health in Italy and Brazil has achieved similar results, especially about the constitutional texts and the conformation of the local health system, although they were the result of different socio-cultural contexts. Both countries have adopted very similar strategies in their social protection policies regarding the realization of the health aspect of the right to health. While considering the dotted differences and the numerous existing problems, Italy and Brazil have managed to put many of the points of health reform into practice, the need to put health as a center of reflection and action to build systems based on universality. Both countries obtain the affirmation of health as universal law. On the other hand, a first point of divergence between the Italian and Brazilian health systems is the length of the period of municipalization aimed at expanding access to health services. A second point of differentiation concerns regionalization or a greater concentration of decision-making power in Italy, while in Brazil this operation came timidly and only in the first years of the second decade of this century. The Italian health system is regionalized; therefore, each region is autonomous and offers low, medium and high complexity services. In the Brazilian case, access was expanded in the first twenty years of the Sistema Único de Saúde, but above all for low complexity assistance. Therefore, Brazilian citizens must go to other municipalities and even to other states when they need medium and high complexity assistance. The regionalization of the Brazilian health system, as was done in Italy, can lead to greater efficiency of the system.
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VIOLA, ANDREA. "CREDITO COOPERATIVO: STRUTTURA ORGANIZZATIVA, PROSSIMITà ED ACCESSO AL CREDITO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/119851.
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Il lavoro si pone come obiettivo lo studio del credito cooperativo italiano ed è diviso in due capitoli. Il primo indaga empiricamente l’efficienza del modello organizzativo a network studiando le economie di scala, le economie di scopo e il potere di mercato, alla luce della riforma che introduce la struttura organizzativa integrata nel 2018. Per 452 banche cooperative (e un gruppo di controllo di 223 banche commerciali) nel periodo 2006-2018, i risultati empirici mostrano che le banche cooperative sperimentano economie di scala e di scopo, ma sperimentano diseconomie di scala ed economie di scopo costanti sul lato dei ricavi. L’aumento di diversificazione e dimensione non impattano positivamente i ricavi. Le banche cooperative hanno un maggiore potere di mercato rispetto alle banche commerciali. Il secondo capitolo indaga empiricamente la persistenza dei vantaggi del relationship lending per le imprese italiane, misurati come un più facile accesso al credito bancario dovuto alla vicinanza di (almeno) una filiale di banca cooperativa. Per 348.019 imprese (1.135.125 osservazioni) nel periodo 2012-2019, i risultati empirici mostrano che le imprese situate in prossimità di filiali di banche cooperative hanno più accesso al debito bancario e ricorrono meno alla finanza informale (credito commerciale, prestiti dei soci). Questi effetti sono ancora più forti quando le imprese si trovano solo nelle vicinanze di filiali di banche cooperative.<br>The thesis aims to study Italian cooperative credit and is divided into two chapters. The first one empirically investigates the efficiency of the network organizational model by studying economies of scale, economies of scope and market power, in light of the reform introducing the integrated organizational structure in 2018. For 452 cooperative banks (and a control group of 223 commercial banks) over the period 2006-2018, the empirical results show that cooperative banks experience economies of scale and scope, but experience consistent diseconomies of scale and economies of scope on the revenue side. Increases in diversification and size do not positively impact revenues. Cooperative banks have greater market power than commercial banks. The second chapter empirically investigates the persistence of the advantages of relationship lending for Italian firms, measured as easier access to bank credit due to the proximity of (at least) one cooperative bank branch. For 348,019 firms (1,135,125 observations) over the period 2012-2019, the empirical results show that firms located near cooperative bank branches have more access to bank debt and resort less to informal finance (trade credit, member loans). These effects are even stronger when firms are only located in close proximity to cooperative bank branches.
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Chigudu, Kumbirai. "Design of a prototype mobile application interface for efficient accessing of electronic laboratory results by health clinicians." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001267/.
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There is a significant increase in demand for rapid laboratory medical diagnoses for various ailments in order for clinicians to make informed medical decisions and prescribe the correct medication within a limited specified time. Since no further informed action can be taken on the patient until the laboratory report reaches the clinician, the delivery of the report to the clinician becomes a critical path in the value chain of the laboratory testing process.
The National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) currently delivers lab results in three ways: via a physical paper report, and electronically through a web application. The third alternative is for short and high-priority test results, like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB), that are delivered via short message service (SMS) printers in remote rural clinics. However, despite its inefficiencies, the paper report remains the most commonly used method. As turnaround times for basic and critical laboratory tests remain a great challenge for NHLS to meet the specified targets; there is need to shift method of final delivery from paper to a paperless secured electronic result delivery system. Accordingly, the recently-implemented centralised TrakCare Lab laboratory information system (LIS) makes provision for delivery of electronic results via a web application, 'TrakCarewebview'. However, the uptake of TrakCarewebview has been very low due to the cumbersomeness of the application; this web application takes users through nine steps to obtain the results and is not designed for mobile devices. In addition, its access in remote rural health care facilities is a great challenge because of lack of supportive infrastructure.
There is therefore an obvious gap and considerable potential in diagnostic result delivery system that calls for an immediate action to design and development of a less complex, cost effective and usable mobile application, for electronic delivery of laboratory results. After obtaining research ethics clearance approval from the University’s Faculty of Science Research Ethics Committee a research was sanctioned. A survey of public sector clinicians across South Africa indicated that 98% have access to the internet through smartphones, and 93% of the clinicians indicated that they would use their mobile devices to access electronic laboratory results. A significant number of clinicians believe that the use of a mobile application in health facilities will improve patient care. This belief, therefore, set a strong basis for designing and developing a mobile application for laboratory results. The study aims to design and develop a mobile application prototype that can demonstrate the capability of delivering electronic laboratory test results to clinicians on their smart devices, via a usable mobile application. The design of the mobile application prototype was driven by user-centred design (UCD) principles in order to develop an effective design. Core and critical to the process is the design step which establishes the user requirements specifications that meet the user expectations. The study substantiated the importance of the design aspect as the initial critical step in obtaining a good final product.
The prototype was developed through an iterative process alternating prototype development and evaluation. The development iterations consisted of a single paper prototyping iteration followed by further two iterations using an interactive Justinmind prototyping tool. Respective to the development iterations, cognitive walk-through and heuristic principles were used to evaluate the usability of the initial prototype. The final prototype was then evaluated using the system usability scale (SUS) survey quantitative tool, which determines the effectiveness and perceived usability of the application. The application scored an average SUS score of 77, which is significantly above the average acceptable SUS score of 68. The standard SUS measurement deems 80 to be an excellent score. Yet a score below 68 is considered below average. The evaluation was conducted by the potential user group which was involved in the initial design process. The ability of the interactive prototyping tool (Justinmind) to mimic the actual final product offered end users a feel of the actual product thus giving the outcome of the evaluation a strong basis to develop the actual product.
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ROSSI, ARIANNA. "LA CESSIONE DI PRODOTTI AGROALIMENTARI: DALLA DISPARITA' DI POTERE CONTRATTUALE AL RIEQUILIBRIO DEL CONTRATTO. TUTELA DEL CONTRAENTE DEBOLE ED EFFICIENZA DEL MERCATO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53791.
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L’art. 62 del d.l. n. 1 del 2012, che riecheggia lo schema della Legge n. 192 del 1998, ma nello specifico settore agroalimentare, prevede non solo regole di forma, che hanno un obiettivo di protezione della parte debole del rapporto (neoformalismo contrattuale), ma anche regole di contenuto e di comportamento, che intendono prevenire la formazione di contratti iniqui. Lo scopo di questo studio non è soltanto quello di offrire un inquadramento sistematico ad una legislazione che, peraltro, si inserisce in un contesto sempre più frammentato, ma anche quello di analizzare i vari strumenti previsti e di valutare la loro capacità nel perseguimento dello scopo prefissato dalla legislazione, anche attraverso l'applicazione della disciplina generale prevista all'interno del codice civile, alla quale oggi, più che mai, si sente il bisogno di ridare spazio.
Il lavoro si dipana lungo quattro capitoli, attraverso un percorso che inizia con l’analisi delle relazioni tra contratto e mercato, tramite un’indagine sistematica sulla nuova disciplina dei contratti, prosegue con l’approfondimento della disciplina dell’articolo 62, per poi analizzare gli strumenti introdotti in relazione all’impatto sull’efficienza del mercato, ed in particolare sul settore agroalimentare, in termini di food safety, food security e accesso al credito.<br>Article 62 of the d.l. n. 1 of 2012, which echoes the scheme of Law no. 192 of 1998, but in the agri-food sector, provides not only rules of form, which have the objective of protecting the weak part of the relationship (neoformalism), but also rules of content and behavior, which intend to prevent the formation of unfair contracts. The aim of this study is not only to offer a systematic framework for legislation that, moreover, is part of an increasingly fragmented context in italian legislation, but also to analyze the various instruments and to assess their ability to achieve the intended purpose, also through the application of the general principal of civil code which today, more than ever, feels the need to be applied.
The work unfolds along four chapters, through a process that begins with the analysis of the relationship between contract and market, through a systematic survey on this new discipline of contracts, continues with the examination of the discipline of Article 62, and then analyze the tools introduced and their impact on the efficiency of the market, and in particular on the agri-food sector, in terms of food safety, food security and access to credit.
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ROSSI, ARIANNA. "LA CESSIONE DI PRODOTTI AGROALIMENTARI: DALLA DISPARITA' DI POTERE CONTRATTUALE AL RIEQUILIBRIO DEL CONTRATTO. TUTELA DEL CONTRAENTE DEBOLE ED EFFICIENZA DEL MERCATO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53791.
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L’art. 62 del d.l. n. 1 del 2012, che riecheggia lo schema della Legge n. 192 del 1998, ma nello specifico settore agroalimentare, prevede non solo regole di forma, che hanno un obiettivo di protezione della parte debole del rapporto (neoformalismo contrattuale), ma anche regole di contenuto e di comportamento, che intendono prevenire la formazione di contratti iniqui. Lo scopo di questo studio non è soltanto quello di offrire un inquadramento sistematico ad una legislazione che, peraltro, si inserisce in un contesto sempre più frammentato, ma anche quello di analizzare i vari strumenti previsti e di valutare la loro capacità nel perseguimento dello scopo prefissato dalla legislazione, anche attraverso l'applicazione della disciplina generale prevista all'interno del codice civile, alla quale oggi, più che mai, si sente il bisogno di ridare spazio.
Il lavoro si dipana lungo quattro capitoli, attraverso un percorso che inizia con l’analisi delle relazioni tra contratto e mercato, tramite un’indagine sistematica sulla nuova disciplina dei contratti, prosegue con l’approfondimento della disciplina dell’articolo 62, per poi analizzare gli strumenti introdotti in relazione all’impatto sull’efficienza del mercato, ed in particolare sul settore agroalimentare, in termini di food safety, food security e accesso al credito.<br>Article 62 of the d.l. n. 1 of 2012, which echoes the scheme of Law no. 192 of 1998, but in the agri-food sector, provides not only rules of form, which have the objective of protecting the weak part of the relationship (neoformalism), but also rules of content and behavior, which intend to prevent the formation of unfair contracts. The aim of this study is not only to offer a systematic framework for legislation that, moreover, is part of an increasingly fragmented context in italian legislation, but also to analyze the various instruments and to assess their ability to achieve the intended purpose, also through the application of the general principal of civil code which today, more than ever, feels the need to be applied.
The work unfolds along four chapters, through a process that begins with the analysis of the relationship between contract and market, through a systematic survey on this new discipline of contracts, continues with the examination of the discipline of Article 62, and then analyze the tools introduced and their impact on the efficiency of the market, and in particular on the agri-food sector, in terms of food safety, food security and access to credit.
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Chen, Chien-Chun, and 陳建群. "Improvement of Efficiency of Handheld Device on Accessing Remote Database." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61456078405701232209.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程學系(所)<br>95<br>By the wireless network technology becomes popular and the handheld device is powerful to handle many applications for users. Users can access internet resources using handheld device to connect to internet through wireless network. But there is still some causes in handheld device and wireless network such as environment effect, performance, reliability, costs of connection, and finite energy resource.
To improve the wireless network in handheld device more efficient, distributed file system technologies and web information present technologies are studied. In mobile information access, the detail of contents to be displayed is considered to improve.
In this thesis, a coordinate mechanism with a handheld device and remote server is proposed. The partial database concept is also proposed. In the system, handheld device use agents to manage local database and connect to remote agent. Remote agent receives data and query remote database. The local database is designed using partial detailed concept. Handhels device can store different details of content for query to avoid unnecessary connection to reduce resource wasting. By an dictionary application implementation to verity the efficiency and the mechanism is practicable.
Books on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Francois, Joseph F., and Dean Spinanger. Regulated Efficiency, World Trade Organization Accession, and the Motor Vehicle Sector in China. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1596/17137.
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Francoise, Clinton. Vagus Nerve Exercises : an Efficient Therapy for Anxiety: Accessing the Healing Power of the Vagus Nerve. Independently Published, 2021.
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Epstein, Richard A. The Economic Structure of Roman Property Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.39.
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The Roman law system of property rights was developed incrementally, in reliance on natural law, without any reliance on economic analysis developed in the twentieth century. Nonetheless, its doctrinal organisation conforms well to the prescriptions of that modern theory. Thus the Roman law draws the right lines between common and separate property, developing efficient rules of acquisition for the former. It also develops coherent rules for the outright transfer and division of assets by way of bailment, usufruct, license, mortgage, trust and servitudes before the onset of modern recordation systems. The Romans also articulated rules for just compensation to deal accessio, confusio and specificatio. The durability of their system across both time and space is a lasting tribute to the intuitive ingenuity of the great Roman lawyers.
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Sherr, Ilan, Katrien Miclotte, and Rebecca Fawcett-Feuillette. Support of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises under European State Aid Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0009.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development strategy of the European Union. However, while SMEs are important for job creation and economic development, the Commission has highlighted that they often encounter problems accessing finance and necessary information. In order to address certain market failures which impact SMEs most significantly, SMEs now have a favoured status under the state aid rules. The most important and recent changes are a consequence of the Commission’s state aid modernization (SAM) reform package. As part of the SAM package, the Commission has adopted ten guidelines and five regulations to render existing state aid control instruments and procedures more efficient. This chapter gives a brief but practical overview of those new guidelines and regulations and highlights the core principles that need to be taken into account when assessing aid possibilities for SMEs.
Book chapters on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Du, Kai. "WTO accession and efficiency gains." In China's Changing Economy. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315671062-6.
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Giretti, Anthony. "Accessing Data Safely and Efficiently." In Coding Clean, Reliable, and Safe REST APIs with ASP.NET Core 8. Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9979-1_6.
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Brodlija, Fahira. "Expanding the Dispute Resolution Toolbox for Investment Disputes: Opportunities for Dispute Prevention and Mediation in the Western Balkans." In European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76345-8_11.
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Abstract The multiple ongoing reform processes of investment law and investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) opened the space to reconsider the default reliance on investment arbitration and to reimagine the role of dispute prevention and amicable settlement mechanisms in this space. Such mechanisms entail several benefits for States, including cost and time efficiency, more leverage and control in the course and outcome of disputes, and the restoration of trust in ISDS more broadly. Dispute prevention mechanisms and mediation have emerged as viable reform options, gaining growing support from States (including the EU and its Member States), investors, and international organizations (UNCITRAL, the World Bank Group, etc.) alike. While dispute prevention mechanisms take different shapes and forms in different countries, amicable settlement (including negotiations, conciliation and mediation) has been available in international investment treaties for decades, in the so-called “cooling-off” period. Nevertheless, it has not been effectively used in ISDS, due to a variety of factors, ranging from the preference for third-party adjudication, motivated by the desire of the competent authorities to avoid personal liability resulting from settlements with foreign investors, and/or a lack of capacities. The Western Balkans governments, navigating the ISDS reform process, while progressing on their path to EU accession, are a good case study for the challenges and opportunities of integrating dispute prevention and mediation into the State toolbox for investment dispute resolution. This chapter will address the regional and international, as well as legal and institutional frameworks for dispute prevention and mediation, the obstacles and challenges in the Western Balkans, and the emerging new structures and best practices, which establish a promising model for the region, with tailored solutions for each State. The chapter will offer perspectives for dispute prevention and mediation as staples of the investment protection frameworks in the Western Balkans on their path to the EU, and as future EU Member States.
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Zhang, Xueyong, and Rudi Appels. "Genome Sequence-Based Features of Wheat Genetic Diversity." In Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38294-9_6.
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AbstractCommon wheat is a hexaploid species crop that is widely recognized as an important staple food crop. The establishment of a gold standard reference genome sequences of the well-studied CHINESE SPRING, and its progenitors (including Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accession Zavitan, Triticum durum accession Svevo, Triticum urartu, Aegilops tauschii), in the last 5 years has dramatically promoted our understanding of wheat genome diversity and evolution through the resequencing of collections of wheat and its progenitors. In this chapter, we review progress in the analysis and interpretation of genome‑based studies of wheat focusing on geographic genome differentiation, interspecies gene flow, haplotype blocks, and gene diversity in breeding. We also consider approaches for efficiently discovering and integrating the genes and genome variations, hidden in Genebank collections, into wheat breeding programs.
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Qu, Wei, Siyao Cheng, and Hongzhi Wang. "Efficient File Accessing Techniques on Hadoop Distributed File Systems." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2053-7_31.
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Curry, Helen Anne. "Data, Duplication, and Decentralisation: Gene Bank Management in the 1980s and 1990s." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_9.
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AbstractIn the 1970s, the number of accessions held in national and international seed and gene banks increased steadily. This growth, initially a source of pride, was recognised as a liability by the 1980s. Too many accessions lacked the basic information necessary for researchers to access and use samples knowledgably. Many gene banks came under scrutiny for poor management practices and several found themselves accused of mishandling a ‘global patrimony’ entrusted to their care. In this paper, I explore one response to these concerns that attracted attention from many in the germplasm conservation community: creating linked, standardised databases of collections. Calls for more and better data about accessions often emphasised that these data would make collections easier to use and therefore more valued. Here I take a close look at the early history of data collation and standardisation as a means of ‘rationalising’ collections, a motivation that was not advertised as prominently. This historical example shows the infrastructures developed to facilitate data exchange in the context of seed and gene banking to have been tied up with both mundane imperatives to cut costs and lofty goals of building political bridges—in addition to the often-repeated ambition of making plant breeding more efficient.
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Sutherland, William J. "1. Introduction." In Transforming Conservation. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0321.01.
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Alongside many examples of highly effective practice, there are numerous studies showing ineffective practice. These studies suggest substantial improvements in efficiency are possible, meaning considerably more could be achieved for the same budget. Other fields, such as medicine and aviation, have shown how large improvements can be achieved through collecting and applying evidence effectively. A number of barriers hinder more effective practice, such as the challenges of accessing appropriate information and evidence complacency, where evidence is not sought despite being available. This chapter thus outlines the problems: the subsequent chapters provide the solutions.
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Jhurree-Dussoruth, Babita. "Low-Cost In Vitro Options for Banana Mutation Breeding." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_10.
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AbstractMutation fixation of irradiated banana cultures is achieved through at least three generation advancements by in vitro subculturing. The in vitro culture is a technique which allows rapid multiplication of plantlets within a short time and which often relies highly on expensive inputs that are almost unaffordable in many developing countries. This chapter highlights some easily affordable options that can be adopted for in vitro propagation and weaning of tissue-cultured banana plantlets and other horticultural crops. The presented options provide resource restricted laboratories opportunities to coopperate with irradiation facilities for mutation induction. Thus, when applied to any locally selected banana variety, the low-cost in vitro methods allow an efficient mutagenesis process to improve local accessions. Low-cost alternatives adopted to carry out in vitro mutagenesis activities in the current FAO/IAEA project are presented, by using as baseline other cheaper options developed and adapted through a locally funded project (supported by the Mauritius Research and Innovation Council).
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Li, Hui, and He Bai. "MIN-Web." In Principle of Architecture, Protocol, and Algorithms for CoG-MIN. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3596-2_14.
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Abstract Web technology has become one of the primary methods for accessing information and facilitating communication in today’s digital age [1–3]. With the continuous advancement of the Internet, web technology provides users with convenient, efficient, and secure online experiences. It allows individuals and businesses to create and publish content, interact with others through various platforms and applications, and access a vast array of resources and services seamlessly.
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Chakraborty, Sankardeep, and Kunihiko Sadakane. "Succinct Representations of Graphs." In Algorithmic Foundations for Social Advancement. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0668-9_19.
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Abstract As the size of data we obtain increases, the importance of algorithms and data structures for efficiently handling big data also increases. Succinct representations are representations of objects which are compressed as much as possible, while keeping the ability of accessing them quickly. Such representations have been proposed in the past two decades for strings and trees, but those for graphs were not well studied. In this article, we survey recent progress in succinct representations for some graph classes.
Conference papers on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Tullmin, M., C. Ringas, and J. W. Fourie. "Managing Pipeline Corrosion with Information Flow on the Internet." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00487.
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Abstract As part of the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW) has become an important source of on-line information on pipeline corrosion control. The number of web sites presenting information on this subject that can be accessed extremely efficiently continues to show rapid growth. However, the use of the Internet for pipeline corrosion control extends well beyond rapid accessing of technical information from static web sites. Its use extends into the domains of advanced computing applications, communication and information systems for global project work, computer based training and e-commerce. Some of these functions are apparent when pipeline corrosion control is (appropriately) considered as part of the maintenance and repair function in asset management. The topics covered in this paper are not unique to pipeline corrosion control but also apply to other branches of corrosion engineering.
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Šehić, Ensar, Jasmina Osmanković, and Marijana Galić. "ECONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL EFFICIENCY OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." In Local Economic and Infrastructure Development of SEE in the Context of EU Accession. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2013-153-09.
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Bratka, Valda, and Arturs Praulins. "THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON DAIRY FARMS IN LATVIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.088.
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As rising temperature, climate changes and growing greenhouse gas emissions are viewed as inevitable consequences of burning fossil fuels, energy consumers in different sectors of national economy are expected to contribute to the optimization of their energy consumption. Therefore, farmers need to develop sustainable means of agricultural production that are able to meet strict requirements for higher efficiency. The study aims to fill the gap in the literature by exploring the consumption of energy per livestock unit and per hectare of the utilized agricultural area on dairy farms of various sizes since Latvia�s accession to the EU. Our analysis is based on statistical data obtained from SUDAT � a national system that constitutes an integral part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The findings show that the efficiency of energy consumption considerably varies across the sector. It testifies to flexible approaches successfully adopted by milk producers who pragmatically combine various types of farming ranging from conventional to environmentally friendly practices.
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Long, Li, Ze Wang, Xuelin Yang, and Dan Li. "Transferring Methods of Efficiency for Hydraulic Machines Using Model Based on Smooth-Pipes Flow." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55139.
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The scope of Reynolds number in the model experiment and the serviceability on Blasius friction factor equation were analyzed. The exponent of prototype–model scale and the proper distribution of the friction and vortex head loss in Moody’s formula were studied. It was consider that the friction head loss could not be reduced with the accession of vortex head loss. New conversion method of hydraulic efficiency for prototype pump performance using model based on Prandtl-Colebrook formula with a wide Reynolds number range and Nikuradse’s experiments to be consistent with was proposed The conversion results was compared with IEC 60995:1991, JIS B 8327:2002 methods. It is indicated that Prandtl-Colebrook formula has advantage of the strongly theoretical elements, the simply computational method and the high computation precision. It can be becoming to confirm of the prototype hydraulic efficiency from model acceptance tests of hydraulic machines with consideration of scale effects.
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Popa, Rodica. "Challenges regarding the implementation of ERP systems in small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Moldova." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.42.
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The implementation of an ERP system offers significant advantages, which contribute to improving operational efficiency, better resource management and making informationally appropriate and fundamentally strategic decisions. These benefits help businesses to be more competitive, optimize their processes, and respond more effectively to customer needs and market demands. Although implementing an ERP can be a complex and expensive process, the long-term benefits justify the investment, giving the organization a sustainable competitive advantage. Detailed planning, effective project management and active involvement of all stakeholders are critical to the success of implementing a viable, reliable, effective ERP in the long term.
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Slusarenco, Svetlana, and Jarosław Turłukowski. "Citizens' participation - as a decision-making factor at local level." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.52.
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Citizens' participation in decision-making processes is a key element of achieving democracy at central and local level, ensuring transparency and contributing to holding public officials accountable for decisions taken. The effectiveness of participatory democracy implies simultaneous and mandatory observance of the principles of information, consultation and transparency of the decision-making process. Participatory democracy involves citizens' participation in public decision-making; citizens' control over spending public money; public consultation of civil society as a whole. Participation is a mechanism of representation, a means by which governors are informed about the preferences and needs of the public. The purpose of involving citizens in the decision-making process at local level involves providing citizens with quality services and services necessary for citizens, improving the content of decisions developed by local authorities, as well as orienting the activity of local public authorities towards citizens' needs and increasing citizens' credibility towards local public authorities, through the effort of representatives of local public authorities to give their mandate vigour and efficiency.
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Zubco, Alexandru. "Independence of the ombudsman institution, an indispensable condition of the rule of law and access to european values." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.08.
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The institution of the Ombudsman plays an important role in strengthening democracy, the rule of law, good administration, the protection and promotion of fundamental human rights and freedoms. It is the duty of the state to support and protect in this way, the Institution of the People's Advocate and to refrain from any action that undermines its independence. The competence of the Ombudsman regarding judicial or administrative authorities should be limited to ensuring the procedural efficiency and administrative functioning of this system. The People's Advocate will not be involved in the judicial system, for example, but will be able to monitor and report on the level of respect for the constitutionally guaranteed right to a fair trial. The ombudsman will not be able to annul an administrative act, but he will be able to support whether or not it contravenes international human rights standards. The ombudsman will not be able to hold civil servants accountable, but through his reports he will be able to reiterate the degree of respect for human rights by the public/administrative institution or any other entity. Obviously, in his mandate, the Ombudsman will not get involved in political, administrative or professional activities incompatible with his independence and impartiality. In this paper, the authors will analyze the level of compliance with the above-mentioned guarantees by the state authorities in the context of precedents from the Republic of Moldova and other states and how effective they are or can be in a state in democratic transition.
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Popa, Nicolae, and Dumitru Stratan. "Theoretical approaches regarding energy security in the context of economic resilience." In Economic growth in the face of global challenges. Consolidation of national economies and reduction of social inequalities: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIIIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.i.2024.18.09.
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The energy sector represents one of the basic pillars in sustainable development and in the restructuring of the national economy, its importance being directly proportional to the level of economic development of the state, or one of the basic indicators of economic prosperity is the increase in the population's income, which generates an increase in the demand for energy. Energy audits are essential to demonstrate the effectiveness and economic and environmental impact of energy efficiency projects. The research examines the possibility of using energy performance contracts for energy efficiency investments in heat supply. Amendments to tax legislation are proposed to increase the attractiveness of ESCO contracts, including VAT exemptions and tax incentives. The energy sector is crucial for sustainable development and the national economy, and the increase in population income leads to an increased demand for energy. The Republic of Moldova has committed to adopt an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) by 2030, in accordance with EU standards. In order to fulfill these objectives, Law no. 139/2018 on energy efficiency, which transposes EU directives in this field. The article was developed within the framework of Subprogram 030101 „Strengthening the resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability of the economy of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the accession process to the European Union”, institutional funding.
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Arpinte, Daniel. "Deficit sau sfârșit de expertiză în planificarea și evaluarea programelor publice sociale?" In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.14.
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The paper is based on the observation of an unequal practice in Romania on how are designed and evaluated the public social programs aiming at supporting social disadvantaged groups, which implies a negative impact on the relevance and the efficiency of these programs. Although the evaluation culture was intensively promoted during Romania pre-accession to the EU, particularly during 2001 – 2006 (Toderaș & Iacob, 2020), the evaluation practice shows a significant decline in the area of public social programs, except those funded by external grants. Whether the ex-ante assessments are still done (although their quality largely vary due to the availability of the funds needed to conduct these evaluations), the ongoing or impact evaluations funded by the public authorities are almost inexistent. Most of the current public social programs (e.g. the supply of monetary benefits based on means-testing, the nutritional programs for schoolchildren, the public social assistance services) have not ever been evaluated or their evaluations were inconsistent or focused only on specific aspects. Two study cases will illustrate this process, respectively the minimum guaranteed income and the nutritional program for schoolchildren, both previously documented. The analysis will identify how the legislative process has impacted the running of these programs, and will look on the available assessments and studies related to these programs in order to identify the patterns of the assessments which feed the major decisions related to the social programs.
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Selesković, Admir. "Administrative adjudication in Bosnia and Herzegovina between tradition and European modernization." In XXI međunarodni naučni skup Pravnički dani - Prof. dr Slavko Carić, na temu: Odgovori pravne nauke na izazove savremenog društva. Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary, Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pdsc24243s.
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Starting from the assumption that the rule of law and the right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal established by law are one of the most important principles of every democratic state, in the context of administrative law, the existence of effective mechanisms of administrative judicial control of public administration is of particular importance. Administrative courts play an important institutional role in modern states. They are part of the system of control over the work of public administration and broader legal protection of citizens in administrative matters. The existence of special administrative courts in parallel or separately from the regular court structures is common in many countries of the world. In legal theory, specialization in resolving administrative disputes is a generally accepted trend in many European countries. In addition, the tendency towards a common European model of administrative adjudication, which is organized at least in two levels, is also evident. Bosnia and Herzegovina, like other countries of the Western Balkans, has a long tradition of administrative adjudication. However, today, the complexity of its constitutional arrangement and the administrative-legal tradition, which remained insufficient to follow the necessary Europeanization of the administrative court system, leave an increasingly strong impression on the efficiency and functionality of this mechanism. The aim of this paper, through a scientific description of the research topic, is to point out the shortcomings of the existing normative solutions of administrative adjudication in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and ultimately to try to determine the direction of the reform that is necessary in the process of accession to the European Union.
Reports on the topic "Accession efficiency"
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Zhai, Fan, Thomas Hertel, and Zhi Wang. Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality and the Opening of China’s Economy. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp27.
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This paper evaluates the impact of some key labor market reforms on rural-urban inequality and income distribution, using a household-disaggregated, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China. We also explore how these factor market reforms interact with product market reforms currently underway as part of China’s WTO accession process. The simulation results show that the reforms in rural land rental market and Hukou system, as well as increasing off-farm labor mobility would reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically. Furthermore, the combination of WTO accession and factor market reforms improves both efficiency and equality significantly. Keywords: Labor market, Income distribution, WTO, Computable general equilibrium, China JEL Classification Code: C68; J60; D30; F13; O53
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Knnoblock, Craig A., and Cyrus Shahabi. TeraWorld: Efficiently Accessing and Integrating Worldwide Geographic Data. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418071.
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Steffenson, B. J., I. Mayrose, Gary J. Muehlbauer, and A. Sharon. ing and comparative sequence analysis of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134173.bard.
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Our overall, long-term goal is to exploit the genetic diversity present in cereal wild relatives for the development of cultivars with durable disease resistance. Our specific objectives for this proposal were to: 1) Utilize Association Genetics Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (AgRenSeq) to identify and clone powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley and 2) Conduct comparative sequence analyses of the cloned resistance genes to elucidate the basis of their specificity and evolution. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economically efficient, and environmentally sound means of controlling plant diseases, especially in small grain cereals. The systems selected for study in this proposal are barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Hvv), its wild progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hvs) and the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Bgs) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei, Ph) pathogens. We compiled a diverse panel of Hvs accessions (the Wild Barley Diversity Collection or WBDC; N = 314) from across its native range and evaluated it to 40 isolates of Bgs and 12 isolates of Ph. We obtained genomic DNA sequences enriched for Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) type resistance genes for 203 WBDC accessions, plus cultivar Morex for which the first reference genome sequence of barley was based. We assembled the 250 bp Illumina sequencing reads into contigs using CLC assembly cell. From this effort, we successfully assembled the sequences of 201 WBDC accessions plus Morex and used NLR Parser to identify contigs containing NLR genes. AgRenSeq was then used to identify k-mers (short oligonucleotide sequences of length k) that were associated with resistance to each isolate of the two pathogens. This analysis was performed individually for all WBDC accessions and each individual pathogen race (9,898 host accession x pathogen race combinations). We visualized the results from these analyses in Manhattan plots and identified 311 and 144 peaks for powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance, respectively. The next step in the analysis was to identify the contigs associated with the peaks in the Manhattan plots. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches were employed to identify closely related contigs in other WBDC accessions or in Morex. We identified two candidate R genes that were only present in resistant WBDC accessions. One of these was present in seven WBDC lines and was associated with resistance to four leaf rust isolates. BLAST analysis of this gene revealed that it was Rph15, one of the most widely effective leaf rust resistance genes reported in Hordeum. This gene was cloned and functionally validated in association with our Australian colleagues (Cheng et al., 2021). We are currently in the process of cloning six of other resistance genes: four for powdery mildew and two for leaf rust. As the contigs do not contain much of the promoter sequences, we have employed a genome walking approach to identify 2,500 bp of promoter sequence. To speed up and simplify the cloning of resistance genes from the WBDC, the PI established the International Wild Barley Sequencing Consortium (IWBSC; https://iwbsc.umn.edu/) comprised of over 60 researchers from 14 different countries and raised over $150,000 through crowdfunding to pay for 10X depth sequence coverage. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data identified extremely strong and clear signals of association for several resistance genes which will facilitate gene cloning in concert with a wild barley pan-genome currently under construction. The cloning of multiple resistance gene can facilitate the development of durably resistant cultivars by inserting, through transgenesis, cassettes of multiple resistance genes.
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Kramer, C., E. Fadrhonc Martin, P. Thompson, and C. Goldman. Accessing Secondary Markets as a Capital Source for Energy Efficiency Finance Programs: Program Design Considerations for Policymakers and Administrators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331043.
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Shin, Sang-Yeop, Hanjin Kim, Arnav Goel, Jinha Jung, and Ayman Habib. Development of Web Portal for the Management, Visualization, and Analysis of Collected Mobile LiDAR Data along Indiana’s Transportation Corridors. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317846.
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Efficient road management requires collecting and analyzing various geospatial data related to transportation corridors. Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS), integrated with GNSS/INS units, RGB cameras, and LiDAR technology, enable the collection of geo-tagged imagery and 3D point cloud data across roadway networks. Acquired data helps in the inventory and management of transportation networks. However, users face challenges in accessing high data volumes, especially when considering hardware and software requirements. To address these challenges, the Purdue research team developed a web portal to efficiently store and provide easy access to geospatial data collected along Indiana’s transportation corridors. The web portal provides an easy-to-use interface that allows end-users to manipulate and visualize data without requiring specialized tools. In addition, the Purdue research team developed several functionalities, which are integrated into the web portal to improve transportation infrastructure management.
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Schling, Maja, Magaly Saenz Somarriba, and Juan de Dios Mattos. Land Regularization and Technical Efficiency in Agricultural Production: An Empirical Study in Andean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012945.
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This study evaluates the impact of land tenure security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in the three countries of the Andean region, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Using cross-sectional data for 5,288 smallholder farmer households, we employ a multi-stage methodology, including propensity score matching, selectivity bias-corrected stochastic production frontier, and meta frontier analysis to address concerns relating to endogeneity. Results reveal that farmers who hold a formal land title on average exhibit technical efficiency that is 38.6% higher than among farmers without legal title, though effects and magnitudes vary by country. Furthermore, we explore the pathways through which tenure security may affect technical efficiency and find that possessing legal title is associated with higher likelihood of accessing credit and making productive investments in land. Our findings imply that comprehensive land regularization is crucial to enhancing agricultural productivity levels among smallholder farmers in the region.
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Kayser, Olivier, Lucie Klarsfeld, and Simon Brossard. The Broadband Effect: Enhancing Market-based Solutions for the Base of the Pyramid (Executive Summary). Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005988.
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Broadband has a potential impact on the base of the pyramid (BOP), a segment of the population previously excluded from markets, and which lacks access to quality goods and services. Broadband facilitates the development of new business models that are more effective and efficient in terms of accessing, creating, and distributing goods and services to the BOP. A variety of private-sector-led broadband initiatives involving the BOP around the world have demonstrated profitability, while also providing social and economic returns along the value chain. Without the use of such technology, these solutions in some cases would not be available to this segment of the population. The Broadband Effect examines, at a global level, how companies that serve the BOP are deploying the use of broadband to improve the efficiency of their operations and better reach this market segment. This executive summary sheds light on these broadband-enabled BOP business models, the ecosystem in which they operate the benefits and challenges of broadband adoption, and the role of public policy and regulation. The business cases studies therein are sustainable models that directly target the BOP and are enhanced by the use of broadband- and Internet-enabled technologies. The case studies come from a variety of developing economies in different regions around the world, as well as from different sectors such as financial services, education, and health.
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Kayser, Olivier, Lucie Klarsfeld, and Simon Brossard. The Broadband Effect: Enhancing Market-based Solutions for the Base of the Pyramid. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005987.
Full textAbstract:
Broadband has a potential impact on the base of the pyramid (BOP), a segment of the population previously excluded from markets, and which lacks access to quality goods and services. Broadband facilitates the development of new business models that are more effective and efficient in terms of accessing, creating, and distributing goods and services to the BOP. A variety of private-sector-led broadband initiatives involving the BOP around the world have demonstrated profitability, while also providing social and economic returns along the value chain. Without the use of such technology, these solutions in some cases would not be available to this segment of the population. The Broadband Effect examines, at a global level, how companies that serve the BOP are deploying the use of broadband to improve the efficiency of their operations and better reach this market segment. This report sheds light on these broadband-enabled BOP business models, the ecosystem in which they operate the benefits and challenges of broadband adoption, and the role of public policy and regulation. The business cases studies therein are sustainable models that directly target the BOP and are enhanced by the use of broadband- and Internet-enabled technologies. The case studies come from a variety of developing economies in different regions around the world, as well as from different sectors such as financial services, education, and health.
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Shimwell, Jonathan, and Jean-Christophe Sublet. Nuclear Data Portal Web Tools Summary Report. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.es5s-56e5.
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The purpose of the Consultant Meeting on Nuclear Data Portal Web Tools was to firstly evaluate the existing tools and their capabilities; then to review the tools which are currently successfully deployed and thereby establish efficiency ratings, best practise and user satisfaction. The second phase will focus on proposing new web tools which will offer improved analytics, visualisation and imaging of nuclear data. The new tools will offer significantly greater capability in overcoming the challenges faced in the modelling, accessing and testing of nuclear data. They will be applicable to an extensive range of applications within the area of research. Throughout this process advice will be sought from professional scientific portal developers.
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Faith, Becky, Tony Roberts, and Laura Alfers, eds. The Digitalisation of Social Protection in Africa: The Perspective of Marginalised Workers. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.022.
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The right to decent work including social protection is guaranteed to all citizens in multiple international human rights and labour rights conventions, as well as in African Union resolutions. However, many marginalised workers, including informal and rural workers, are excluded from social protection provisions. The digitalisation of social protection promised to increase the convenience and efficiency of accessing social protection entitlements (and it does for many), but millions of informal workers are being further excluded by digitalisation. This is the first study of digital social protection from the perspective of informal marginalised workers in Africa. Six studies were carried out with and by domestic workers, disabled workers, migrant workers, and home-based workers in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. This IDS Research Report synthesises their findings and recommendations to establish a clear agenda for change.