Academic literature on the topic 'Accessory sex gland'

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Journal articles on the topic "Accessory sex gland"

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Akmal, Yusrizal, Chairun Nisa, and Savitri Novelina. "Morfologi Kelenjar Aksesori Kelamin Jantan pada Trenggiling (Manis javanica) (MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE SEX ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA))." Jurnal Veteriner 20, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.38.

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The study aims to reveal the morphology of the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic observation included measurement of length and thickness of each accessory gland while microscopic observation, sample of each accessory gland was processed by histology technique with paraffin method and sliced with 3-5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for general structural observation, coloration of alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to observe the distribution of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides in each glands. The results showed that the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin consist of vesicular gland and prostate, and bulbourethral gland which were not observed macroscopically. The average length and thickness of vesicular gland were 1.07 cm and 0.41 cm, while the prostate was 1.17 cm and 0.54 cm respectively. All accessory glands were lobulated and separated with a thick connective tissue into lobes and lobules. Acinar cells in the vesicular glands were a serous type, whereas acinar cells in the prostate and bulbourethral gland were the mucous types. Secretion of vesicular gland contains neutral mucopolysaccharide with low concentrations and prostate containing neutral mucopolysaccharide with moderate conJurnal Veteriner Maret 2019 Vol. 20 No. 1 : 38 - 47 pISSN: 1411-8327; eISSN: 2477-5665 DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.38 Terakreditasi Nasional, Dirjen Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, online pada http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jvet Kemenristek Dikti RI S.K. No. 36a/E/KPT/201639 centrations, and did not secrete acid mucopolysaccharide. Secretion of bulbourethral glands contains neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide with strong concentrations. Macroscopically the bulbourethral gland is not observed but has a high carbohydrate which acts as to produce of cement plasma and rinsing urethra from urine.
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Beninger, P. G., and R. Larocque. "Gonopod tegumental glands: a new accessory sex gland in the Brachyura." Marine Biology 132, no. 3 (October 29, 1998): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050409.

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Rodrigues, N. N., D. P. Vrisman, G. F. Rossi, A. P. Freitas, M. F. Zorzetto, L. L. Souza, A. R. Taira, W. R. R. Vicente, F. M. Monteiro, and M. E. F. Oliveira. "152 Correlation between testicular and accessory sex glands biometric characteristics in Nellore and Caracu bulls." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab152.

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The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between testicular and accessory sex gland measurements in Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) bulls. Bulls (n=282, including 203 Nellore from 12 to 61 months and 79 Caracu from 12 to 48 months) had their reproductive organs measured. Scrotal circumference was measured with a tape. Length (dorso-ventral) and diameter (mid-lateral) of testes were measured using a graduated ruler. Testicular volume (V) was calculated by the cylinder formula: V=2[(R2)×π×L], where R=radius (diameter/2), L=testicular length and π=3.14 (Fields et al. 1979 J. Anim. Sci. 48, 1299-1304). B-mode ultrasonographic examinations with a 7.5-MHz transrectal linear-array transducer were performed to obtain the mean of 3 vertical dimensions of the vesicular glands, disseminated prostate, ampulla of vas deferens, and lumen of ampulla, and cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral dimensions of the prostate body and bulbourethral glands. For paired organs, the mean was calculated and used in analyses. Biometry data of testes and accessory sex glands were analysed by the PROC CORR (Pearson correlation) of the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; P<0.05). Testicular measurements (scrotal circumference, diameter and length) were positively correlated with each other (r=0.69 to 0.92). Similarly, biometrics of the accessory sex glands had positive correlations with testes. The vesicular glands had correlations of r=0.62, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.59 with testes length, diameter, and volume and scrotal circumference, respectively. Correlations testicular biometry characteristics and ampulla of vas deferens ranged from 0.52 to 0.68, whereas those between testicular characteristics and lumen of ampulla were much lower (r=0.28 to 0.37), perhaps due to bulls riding penmates and ejaculating before the ultrasonographic examination. The dorso-ventral measure of the prostate body had positive correlations with size of testes (r=0.13 to 0.28), whereas cranio-caudal measurement of this gland was not correlated with size of testes. Finally, there were positive correlations between testes and disseminated prostate (0.28 to 0.36), and testes and bulbourethral glands, both in the dorso-ventral and cranio-caudal dimensions (0.17 to 0.42). In conclusion, testicular biometry in bulls was correlated with measurements of accessory sex glands, perhaps due to testosterone synthesis, which is essential for accessory sex gland development.
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Reyes-Hernández, M., G. Córdova-García, F. Díaz-Fleischer, N. Flores-Estévez, and D. Pérez-Staples. "Oviposition after sex: mated Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) females increase oviposition without receiving an ejaculate." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.12.

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AbstractMating and receiving ejaculate can alter female insect physiology and postcopulatory behaviour. During mating, females receive both internal and external stimuli and different components in the ejaculate. In insects, these components consist mostly of sperm and male accessory gland secretions. Some of the most important changes associated with receiving male accessory gland secretions are a reduction in female sexual receptivity and an increase in oviposition. However, a clear function for these molecules has not been found in the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Here, we tested how the stimulus of mating, receiving a full ejaculate, or only receiving accessory gland secretions can influence ovarian development and oviposition. Our results indicate that the stimulus of mating per se is enough to induce oviposition and increase egg laying in females even if ejaculate is not received, whereas receiving only accessory gland secretions does not increase ovarian development and is not enough to induce oviposition or increase egg production. Further research on the internal and external copulatory courtship of A. ludens will increase our understanding of the role of these secretions in stimulating oviposition independent of ejaculate effects. A biological function for male accessory gland secretions on female behaviour for A. ludens still needs to be found.
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Kingan, T. G., P. A. Thomas-Laemont, and A. K. Raina. "MALE ACCESSORY GLAND FACTORS ELICIT CHANGE FROM ‘VIRGIN’ TO ‘MATED’ BEHAVIOUR IN THE FEMALE CORN EARWORM MOTH HELICOVERPA ZEA." Journal of Experimental Biology 183, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.183.1.61.

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After mating, the females of many species of moths become depleted of sex pheromone, calling behaviour is terminated, and they become transiently or permanently unreceptive to additional matings. In the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, we have found that the male accessory gland/duplex is required for evoking the post-mating depletion of sex pheromone but apparently not for the cessation of calling. The latter change requires the receipt of a spermatophore or a chemical messenger derived from non-accessory gland/duplex sources. Desalted extracts of combined accessory glands and duplexes caused a depletion of pheromone in injected females. Proteinaceous components in extracts purified by fractionation in cation-exchange cartridges and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromotography retain their pheromonostatic activity. In addition, this fractionated material shuts off calling behaviour and prevents mating in injected females, raising the possibility that redundant mechanisms exist in eliciting the different components of ‘mated’ behaviour.
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Bogle, O. A., J. Singh, and G. P. Adams. "248 DISTRIBUTION OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF LLAMAS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab248.

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We have recently reported that the ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma is the well-conserved neurotrophin, nerve growth factor. This protein has been identified in the ejaculates of a variety of species using both in vivo and in vitro bioassays. The role of OIF in the ejaculate is evident in camelids. Irrespective of whether a male is intact or vasectomised, ejaculation of this protein during copulation stimulates an increase in circulating LH in the female, which subsequently leads to ovulation. The purpose for OIF in species that are spontaneous ovulators, however, remains unclear. We hypothesise that OIF production is restricted to the secretory epithelium of accessory glands of the male, specifically the prostate gland, because of its conservation among mammals. The objective of the present study was to determine the sites of OIF secretion in the llama that contribute to high concentrations found in the ejaculate. The mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis layers of the reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis) and accessory sex glands (ampulla, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland) from mature male llamas (n = 2) were probed with polyclonal rabbit anti-nerve growth factor. The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. The distribution and intensity of OIF-secreting cells were identified and compared among tissues using a four-point scale. The quantity of OIF detected was highest in mucosal prostatic cells. The protein was strongly localised in the apical region of epithelial cells and frequently found within the glandular lumen. The seromucus-secreting epithelium of ampullary glands showed no reaction to OIF, whereas the bulbourethral gland epithelium showed an intermediate response. The presence of OIF was not detected in the epithelium of the penile urethra, epididymis (caput, corpus, or cauda), or seminiferous tubules. A diffuse distribution of the protein was, however, detected in the stroma of the testes, epididymides, and accessory glands. We conclude that cells that secrete OIF are distributed unequally among accessory sex glands in llamas. The bulk of OIF is produced by the prostate gland, with minimal to no contributions by the bulbourethral and ampullary glands. Future studies involve species comparisons and relating the size of the prostate gland to the concentration of OIF within an ejaculate. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Mahmud, Muhammad Abdullahi, Josephat Edoga Onu, Sani Abdullahi Shehu, Abubakar Abubakar Umar, and Abubakar Danmaigoro. "Histomorphology of accessory sex glands in one-humped camel bull (Camelus dromedarius), Uda Rams and Red Sokoto Buck." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.03.0308.

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Accessory sex glands of fifteen apparently healthy adult one-humped Camel bulls (OCB), Uda rams (UR) and Red Sokoto bucks (RSB) (Five per species) were collected from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir. They were then dissected out for routine histology using H&E. The size of muscularis and the number of secretory cells in the ampullary gland were observed to be highest in OCB, followed by UR and least in RSB. In the three species, the vesicular gland has tubular secretory glands and was separated into lobules by connective tissue trabeculae. Multiple acini were observed with an irregular folded lumen and were lined by simple columnar secretory cells. The prostate of OCB was observed to have highest amount of the interstitial connective tissues and rich in striated muscles which surround the lobules. Fibromuscular trabeculae extended into the parenchyma and most pronounced in OCB than other two species. The number of secretory acini appeared to be more in RSB than the other two species. The bulbourethral gland has numerous connective tissue and numerous trabeculae that originated from the capsule and divides the gland into lobules. Each lobule is populated by acini. In all the three species, the parenchyma is lobulated and consists of compound-tubulo-alveolar secretory end pieces. It was concluded that although results showed that the studied animals are different ruminant species, they exhibit some similarities and interesting histomorphological differences in their accessory sex glands compared to the majority of mammals
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Xue, Lei, and Markus Noll. "Dual role of the Pax genepairedin accessory gland development ofDrosophila." Development 129, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.2.339.

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The Drosophila Pax gene paired encodes a transcription factor that is required for the activation of segment-polarity genes and proper segmentation of the larval cuticle, postembryonic viability and male fertility. We show that paired executes a dual role in the development of male accessory glands, the organ homologous to the human prostate. An early function is necessary to promote cell proliferation, whereas a late function, which regulates the expression of accessory gland products such as the sex peptide and Acp26Aa protein, is essential for maturation and differentiation of accessory glands. The late function exhibits in main and secondary secretory cells of accessory glands dynamic patterns of Paired expression that depend in both cell types on the mating activity of adult males, possibly because Paired expression is regulated by negative feedback. The early Paired function depends on domains or motifs in its C-terminal moiety and the late function on the DNA-binding specificity of its N-terminal paired-domain and/or homeodomain. Both Paired functions are absolutely required for male fertility, and both depend on an enhancer located within 0.8 kb of the downstream region of paired.
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Ingersoll, David W., Kevin T. Morley, Mark Benvenga, and Carol Hands. "An accessory sex gland aggression-promoting chemosignal in male mice." Behavioral Neuroscience 100, no. 5 (1986): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.100.5.777.

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Krishna, A., and Kavita Singh. "The relationship between testicular activity, accessory sex glands, and circulating steroid concentration during the reproductive cycle in a male Indian vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-125.

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The relationship between spermatogenesis, accessory sex glands, Leydig cell activity, and circulating concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione in male Scotophilus heathi, the greater yellow bat, was studied. Scotophilus heathi accumulated fat prior to winter dormancy at Varanasi, India. Spermatogenesis was seasonal and extended over the period November to March, with the testes becoming quiescent during winter. Monthly changes in testis and accessory sex gland masses showed two peaks, in November and January. Accessory gland secretory activity and fructose concentration showed only one peak, during January and February, which coincided with the mating period. The mass in the epididymides and their histological changes reflect the influence of testicular spermatogenesis. However, sperm were found in the cauda epididymidis during the spermatogenically quiescent period of winter dormancy. The Leydig cells showed intense side chain cleavage (SCC) enzyme activity from August to December. In late January and February, males had smaller Leydig cells and low SCC activity. Monthly changes in serum testosterone concentration included two peaks in November and January, coinciding with peak spermatogenic activity, whereas androstenedione showed only one peak, an unusually high concentration in November. The circulating serum androstenedione concentration may be responsible for the unique reproductive activity noted in this bat.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accessory sex gland"

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駱建民 and Jianmin Luo. "A study on the male accessory sex gland secretions of the golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244567.

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Scheeren, Verônica Flores da Cunha. "Vesiculite seminal em garanhões diagnóstico, evolução e tratamento com substância cauterizante /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180834.

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Orientador: Frederico Ozanam Papa
Resumo: Os garanhões possuem um conjunto completo de glândulas sexuais acessórias, compostas pelas bulbouretrais, a próstata, vesículas seminais e ampolas dos ductos deferentes. Dentre as afecções que acometem essas estruturas, a vesiculite seminal é a de maior ocorrência, consistindo na colonização de uma ou ambas as vesículas por bactérias, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosa a mais frequente. No ejaculado é observada uma grande percentagem de neutrófilos e hemácias podem estar presentes, caracterizando os quadros de piospermia e hemospermia, respectivamente. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por meio da endoscopia das vesículas, onde é possível visualizar o conteúdo purulento, associado à cultura bacteriana do lavado da glândula. O tratamento é desafiador, pois a antibioticoterapia apresenta baixa eficácia. Visto a importância desta enfermidade e a dificuldade do tratamento, este estudo teve como objetivo abordar os principais aspectos e avaliar a eficácia do ácido metacresolsulfônico e formaldeído para o tratamento da vesiculite seminal em garanhões, considerando os parâmetros seminais e características histopatológicas das vesículas seminais. Três garanhões adultos (n=3), com aspectos reprodutivos normais, tiveram a vesiculite seminal induzida por Pseudomonas aeruginosa através da endoscopia. Após 8 semanas de infecção, foi realizado tratamento local utilizando solução a 30% do ácido metacresolsulfônico e formaldeído (Lotagen®). O experimento consistiu em avaliações semanais, ante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Stallions have a complete set of accessory sex glands, composed of the bulbourethral, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and ampullae. Among the diseases that affect these structures, seminal vesiculitis is the most frequent, consisting the colonization of one or both vesicles by bacteria, whose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent. In ejaculate is observed a large percentage of neutrophils and erythrocytes may be present, characterizing piospermia and hemospermia, respectively. The definitive diagnosis is made through the endoscopical evaluation of the seminal vesicles, where it is possible to visualize the purulent contents, associated to gland lavage and bacterial culture. Treatment is challenging because antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Considering the importance of this disease and the difficulty of treatment, this study aims to address the most important aspects and evaluate the efficacy of metacresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde for the treatment of vesiculitis in stallions, considering seminal parameters and histopathological characteristics. Three adult stallions (n = 3), with normal reproductive aspects, had seminal vesiculitis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa through endoscopy. After 8 weeks of infection, local treatment was performed using 30% solution of metacresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde (Lotagen®). The experiment consisted of weekly evaluations, before and after experimental infection and after treatment. The characteristics of semen and seminal ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ying, Ying, and 應嬴. "Male accessory sex glands and oocyte activation at fertilization in the golden hamster." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239663.

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Ying, Ying. "Male accessory sex glands and oocyte activation at fertilization in the golden hamster /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20792712.

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Liao, Subin. "Leptin expression in embryos sired by male golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) with all accessory sex glands removed." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634036.

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陳海智 and Oi-chi Chan. "Effects of total ablation of male accessory sex glands on preimplantation embryonic development in the golden hamster." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220411.

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Liao, Subin, and 廖素彬. "Leptin expression in embryos sired by male golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) with all accessory sex glands removed." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634036.

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Chan, Oi-chi. "Effects of total ablation of male accessory sex glands on preimplantation embryonic development in the golden hamster /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20842375.

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Corrigan, Laura. "Regulation and reproductive functions of membrane-bound vesicles secreted by the Drosophila male accessory gland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:673d46a5-ba88-42d2-9361-51f04d61e01b.

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Membrane-bound vesicle secretion provides a novel intercellular communication mechanism, whose roles and regulation remain poorly characterised, particularly in vivo. I have identified two classes of lipid-containing, vesicle-like structures secreted into seminal fluid by epithelial cells of the Drosophila male accessory gland (AG). Exosomes, one class of membrane-bound vesicle formed inside late endosomal multivesicular bodies, are specifically secreted by secondary cells (SCs). The unusual cell biology of SCs allowed me to develop a powerful new high resolution in vivo system to characterise the mechanisms underlying intracellular membrane trafficking events underlying exosome biogenesis using real-time live imaging. I characterise how specific ESCRTs (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) control SC exosome biogenesis, and identify a novel role for BMP signalling in regulating endolysosomal trafficking events necessary for exosome secretion. I also identify roles for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling in exosome biogenesis. Importantly, SC exosomes are transferred to females during mating. Here, they fuse with sperm, mirroring in vitro interactions between human prostate exosomes and sperm, and interact with the female reproductive tract epithelium. Blocking SC exosome production specifically suppresses post-mating effects on female receptivity to remating, demonstrating that exosomes have an important reproductive signalling function in vivo, directly or indirectly reprogramming female cells. Finally, I show that main cells, the major epithelial AG cell type, shed lipid-containing microvesicle-like structures from their apical surface. Remarkably, these vesicles carry the seminal peptide, sex peptide, into females during mating and also contribute to the anterior mating plug. In summary, my data reveal previously unsuspected roles for exosomes and microvesicles in Drosophila reproduction that may be evolutionarily conserved. Since these vesicles mediate physiological processes previously thought to involve soluble peptides, my work suggests that current models explaining male reprogramming of female behaviours in flies and higher organisms need substantial revision.
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Chen, Hong, and 陳紅. "A study of male accessory sex glands in protecting: the genomic integrity of sperm in the golden hamster(Mesocricetus auratus)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245195.

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Books on the topic "Accessory sex gland"

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Battaglia, S. Prostate Accessory Male Sex Gland (Applied Pathology,). S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 1986.

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K. G. Adiyodi (Series Editor) and Rita G. Adiyodi (Series Editor), eds. Accessory Sex Glands, Volume 3, Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates. Wiley, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accessory sex gland"

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Anderson, David E. "Examination of Accessory Sex Glands." In Veterinary Techniques for Llamas and Alpacas, 281–83. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118695111.ch61.

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Gupta, Surabhi, and Anand Kumar. "Genital Ducts and Other Accessory Sex Glands." In Basics of Human Andrology, 47–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3695-8_4.

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Vaalasti, Annikki. "Autonomic Innervation of the Human Male Accessory Sex Glands." In Ultrastructure of the Male Urogenital Glands, 187–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2624-7_11.

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Sitters, Sofie. "Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands." In Equine Reproductive Procedures, 466–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118904398.ch142.

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Sinowatz, Fred, Pirkko Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, and Werner Amselgruber. "Normal and Abnormal Development of Human Male Accessory Sex Glands." In Ultrastructure of the Male Urogenital Glands, 1–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2624-7_1.

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Cossu, Margherita, Maria Serenella Lantini, and Roberto Migliari. "ABH and Lewis Antigens in Human Male Accessory Sex Glands." In Ultrastructure of the Male Urogenital Glands, 177–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2624-7_10.

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RISBRIDGER, G., and R. TAYLOR. "Physiology of the Male Accessory Sex StructuresThe Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, and Bulbourethral Glands." In Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, 1149–72. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50028-2.

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Garner, Duane L., and George E. ,Jr Seidel. "Applications of Flow Cytometry in Animal Reproduction." In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0018.

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Animals use many highly specialized cells to carry out their reproductive functions. These cells include not only germ-line cells—spermatozoa/oocytes—but also a variety of supporting cells of the remaining organs of the reproductive system and their precursors, thereby making production of viable offspring possible. Reproductive processes, at least in nonhuman mammals, also require functional mammary glands for adequate nourishment of newborn offspring. Specific analyses or sorting of the specialized cells of the reproductive system can provide a means of monitoring and modifying reproductive processes in animals and man. Male gametes are relatively small, haploid cells suspended in fluid secretions from the testes and accessory reproductive organs. Fully functional, mature spermatozoa are incapable of dividing; thus, these terminal gametes are readily quantified and characterized by flow cytometry. Many thousands to millions of spermatozoa can be readily analyzed and sorted. This situation differs markedly from most other kinds of cells, with which cell division and cell cycle differences can make interpretations of data more difficult. Many of the cells of the reproductive and endocrine systems of mammals have been studied by flow analyses. Female gametes, however, are relatively large, often exceeding 100 min diameter, and therefore are not readily analyzed using flow cytometry. Although the oocytes themselves usually are not useful targets, some of the supporting cumulus cells surrounding developing oocytes can be analyzed and thereby provide useful information about that particular ovarian follicle. The functional status of these specialized cells is an indicator of the health of the follicle and of the likelihood that the associated oocyte can produce viable offspring. Reproductive functions in animals are controlled by various widely distributed cellular components of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, the gonads, and the placenta. Such regulatory cells can be isolated and cultured and have their in vitro function monitored, using flow cytometric analysis of their internal components and surface receptors. The supporting cells of animal reproductive systems make possible the production of viable offspring. The functional status of these supporting cells can be evaluated by flow analyses, including the epithelial cervical cells of the female tract, and most accessory tissues, including the male accessory sex glands.
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Whitney, Katharine M. "Male Accessory Sex Glands." In Boorman's Pathology of the Rat, 579–87. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391448-4.00029-0.

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Prins, Gail S., and Mark Lindgren. "Accessory Sex Glands in the Male." In Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, 773–804. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00018-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Accessory sex gland"

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Sergheraert, J., S. Grenier, C. Mauprivez, B. Lefevre, and S. Laurence. "Cystadénome papillaire d’une glande salivaire accessoire. A propos d’un cas." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206602011.

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Abstract:
Les tumeurs des glandes salivaires sont rares et représentent 2 à 6.5 % des néoplasies de la tête et du cou. L’atteinte des glandes salivaires accessoires représente moins de 25% de l’ensemble des tumeurs des glandes salivaires [Auclair et al. 1991]. Les localisations les plus fréquentes sont : le palais, la joue et la région linguale postérieure [Tijoe et al., 2015]. La grande variabilité de l’expression clinique de ces tumeurs rend difficile l’établissement d’un diagnostic précis, d’où l’importance de l’analyse histologique. Le cas d’une tumeur bénigne des glandes salivaires accessoires de la joue est rapporté. Il s’agit d’une femme de 68 ans adressée initialement pour l’exérèse d’une lésion kystique maxillaire. Elle ne présente aucun antécédent médico-chirurgical. L’examen endobuccal révèle la découverte fortuite de plusieurs lésions nodulaires indépendantes et de tailles variables (de 0,5 à 1,5 cm de longueur dans leur grand axe) situées sur la face interne des lèvres et des joues, passées inaperçues par la patiente. La muqueuse de recouvrement est d’aspect normal. L’hygiène bucco-dentaire est défectueuse (PI>50%) et les édentements sont compensés par prothèses amovibles. A la palpation, aucune symptomatologie douloureuse n’est mise en évidence, ni d’adhésion avec les plans profonds. Ces nodules sont fermes, et pour le nodule ayant fait l’objet de l’exérèse, une suppuration apparaît. L’examen exobuccal est sans particularité, les aires ganglionnaires sont libres. L’examen radiographique est sans particularité exceptée la lésion motivant la consultation au niveau du site de 12. Les caractéristiques cliniques peuvent faire évoquer une pseudo-tumeur de glandes salivaires accessoires de type mucocèle ou une hyperplasie épithéliale (diapneusie). L’exérèse complète de la lésion de plus grande taille présentant une suppuration a été pratiquée sous anesthésie locale. Les suites opératoires ont été simples et asymptomatiques. L’examen anatomopathologique de la pièce opératoire conclut à un cystadénome papillaire d’une glande salivaire accessoire. Le cystadénome papillaire est une tumeur épithéliale bénigne rare des glandes salivaires [OMS, 2017]. Il intéresse spécialement les glandes salivaires principales, notamment la glande parotide (45%), et dans seulement 0.6 à 4% des cas une glande salivaire accessoire [Tijoe et al., 2015]. L’âge moyen de découverte se situe entre 50 et 70 ans. Le traitement de cette lésion réside dans sa simple exérèse et les récidives sont exceptionnelles. Histologiquement, la lésion est multiloculaire et du tissu conjonctif sépare les kystes, la littérature souligne la possibilité de lésions uniloculaires dans 20% des cas. Une seconde forme muqueuse moins fréquente est décrite. Le diagnostic différentiel du cystadénome papillaire comprend principalement le kyste muqueux de rétention. L’absence d’une composante lymphöde écarte le diagnostic de tumeur de Warthin. Dans ce contexte, le carcinome mucoépidermöde de bas grade doit être écarté [Stojanov et al., 2017].
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