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Journal articles on the topic 'Accessory sex gland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Akmal, Yusrizal, Chairun Nisa, and Savitri Novelina. "Morfologi Kelenjar Aksesori Kelamin Jantan pada Trenggiling (Manis javanica) (MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE SEX ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA))." Jurnal Veteriner 20, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.38.

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The study aims to reveal the morphology of the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic observation included measurement of length and thickness of each accessory gland while microscopic observation, sample of each accessory gland was processed by histology technique with paraffin method and sliced with 3-5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for general structural observation, coloration of alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to observe the distribution of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides in each glands. The results showed that the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin consist of vesicular gland and prostate, and bulbourethral gland which were not observed macroscopically. The average length and thickness of vesicular gland were 1.07 cm and 0.41 cm, while the prostate was 1.17 cm and 0.54 cm respectively. All accessory glands were lobulated and separated with a thick connective tissue into lobes and lobules. Acinar cells in the vesicular glands were a serous type, whereas acinar cells in the prostate and bulbourethral gland were the mucous types. Secretion of vesicular gland contains neutral mucopolysaccharide with low concentrations and prostate containing neutral mucopolysaccharide with moderate conJurnal Veteriner Maret 2019 Vol. 20 No. 1 : 38 - 47 pISSN: 1411-8327; eISSN: 2477-5665 DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.38 Terakreditasi Nasional, Dirjen Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, online pada http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jvet Kemenristek Dikti RI S.K. No. 36a/E/KPT/201639 centrations, and did not secrete acid mucopolysaccharide. Secretion of bulbourethral glands contains neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide with strong concentrations. Macroscopically the bulbourethral gland is not observed but has a high carbohydrate which acts as to produce of cement plasma and rinsing urethra from urine.

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2

Beninger, P. G., and R. Larocque. "Gonopod tegumental glands: a new accessory sex gland in the Brachyura." Marine Biology 132, no. 3 (October 29, 1998): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050409.

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3

Rodrigues, N. N., D. P. Vrisman, G. F. Rossi, A. P. Freitas, M. F. Zorzetto, L. L. Souza, A. R. Taira, W. R. R. Vicente, F. M. Monteiro, and M. E. F. Oliveira. "152 Correlation between testicular and accessory sex glands biometric characteristics in Nellore and Caracu bulls." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab152.

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The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between testicular and accessory sex gland measurements in Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) bulls. Bulls (n=282, including 203 Nellore from 12 to 61 months and 79 Caracu from 12 to 48 months) had their reproductive organs measured. Scrotal circumference was measured with a tape. Length (dorso-ventral) and diameter (mid-lateral) of testes were measured using a graduated ruler. Testicular volume (V) was calculated by the cylinder formula: V=2[(R2)×π×L], where R=radius (diameter/2), L=testicular length and π=3.14 (Fields et al. 1979 J. Anim. Sci. 48, 1299-1304). B-mode ultrasonographic examinations with a 7.5-MHz transrectal linear-array transducer were performed to obtain the mean of 3 vertical dimensions of the vesicular glands, disseminated prostate, ampulla of vas deferens, and lumen of ampulla, and cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral dimensions of the prostate body and bulbourethral glands. For paired organs, the mean was calculated and used in analyses. Biometry data of testes and accessory sex glands were analysed by the PROC CORR (Pearson correlation) of the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; P<0.05). Testicular measurements (scrotal circumference, diameter and length) were positively correlated with each other (r=0.69 to 0.92). Similarly, biometrics of the accessory sex glands had positive correlations with testes. The vesicular glands had correlations of r=0.62, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.59 with testes length, diameter, and volume and scrotal circumference, respectively. Correlations testicular biometry characteristics and ampulla of vas deferens ranged from 0.52 to 0.68, whereas those between testicular characteristics and lumen of ampulla were much lower (r=0.28 to 0.37), perhaps due to bulls riding penmates and ejaculating before the ultrasonographic examination. The dorso-ventral measure of the prostate body had positive correlations with size of testes (r=0.13 to 0.28), whereas cranio-caudal measurement of this gland was not correlated with size of testes. Finally, there were positive correlations between testes and disseminated prostate (0.28 to 0.36), and testes and bulbourethral glands, both in the dorso-ventral and cranio-caudal dimensions (0.17 to 0.42). In conclusion, testicular biometry in bulls was correlated with measurements of accessory sex glands, perhaps due to testosterone synthesis, which is essential for accessory sex gland development.

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4

Reyes-Hernández, M., G. Córdova-García, F. Díaz-Fleischer, N. Flores-Estévez, and D. Pérez-Staples. "Oviposition after sex: mated Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) females increase oviposition without receiving an ejaculate." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.12.

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AbstractMating and receiving ejaculate can alter female insect physiology and postcopulatory behaviour. During mating, females receive both internal and external stimuli and different components in the ejaculate. In insects, these components consist mostly of sperm and male accessory gland secretions. Some of the most important changes associated with receiving male accessory gland secretions are a reduction in female sexual receptivity and an increase in oviposition. However, a clear function for these molecules has not been found in the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Here, we tested how the stimulus of mating, receiving a full ejaculate, or only receiving accessory gland secretions can influence ovarian development and oviposition. Our results indicate that the stimulus of mating per se is enough to induce oviposition and increase egg laying in females even if ejaculate is not received, whereas receiving only accessory gland secretions does not increase ovarian development and is not enough to induce oviposition or increase egg production. Further research on the internal and external copulatory courtship of A. ludens will increase our understanding of the role of these secretions in stimulating oviposition independent of ejaculate effects. A biological function for male accessory gland secretions on female behaviour for A. ludens still needs to be found.

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5

Kingan, T. G., P. A. Thomas-Laemont, and A. K. Raina. "MALE ACCESSORY GLAND FACTORS ELICIT CHANGE FROM ‘VIRGIN’ TO ‘MATED’ BEHAVIOUR IN THE FEMALE CORN EARWORM MOTH HELICOVERPA ZEA." Journal of Experimental Biology 183, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.183.1.61.

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After mating, the females of many species of moths become depleted of sex pheromone, calling behaviour is terminated, and they become transiently or permanently unreceptive to additional matings. In the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, we have found that the male accessory gland/duplex is required for evoking the post-mating depletion of sex pheromone but apparently not for the cessation of calling. The latter change requires the receipt of a spermatophore or a chemical messenger derived from non-accessory gland/duplex sources. Desalted extracts of combined accessory glands and duplexes caused a depletion of pheromone in injected females. Proteinaceous components in extracts purified by fractionation in cation-exchange cartridges and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromotography retain their pheromonostatic activity. In addition, this fractionated material shuts off calling behaviour and prevents mating in injected females, raising the possibility that redundant mechanisms exist in eliciting the different components of ‘mated’ behaviour.

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6

Bogle, O. A., J. Singh, and G. P. Adams. "248 DISTRIBUTION OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF LLAMAS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab248.

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We have recently reported that the ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma is the well-conserved neurotrophin, nerve growth factor. This protein has been identified in the ejaculates of a variety of species using both in vivo and in vitro bioassays. The role of OIF in the ejaculate is evident in camelids. Irrespective of whether a male is intact or vasectomised, ejaculation of this protein during copulation stimulates an increase in circulating LH in the female, which subsequently leads to ovulation. The purpose for OIF in species that are spontaneous ovulators, however, remains unclear. We hypothesise that OIF production is restricted to the secretory epithelium of accessory glands of the male, specifically the prostate gland, because of its conservation among mammals. The objective of the present study was to determine the sites of OIF secretion in the llama that contribute to high concentrations found in the ejaculate. The mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis layers of the reproductive organs (testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis) and accessory sex glands (ampulla, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland) from mature male llamas (n = 2) were probed with polyclonal rabbit anti-nerve growth factor. The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. The distribution and intensity of OIF-secreting cells were identified and compared among tissues using a four-point scale. The quantity of OIF detected was highest in mucosal prostatic cells. The protein was strongly localised in the apical region of epithelial cells and frequently found within the glandular lumen. The seromucus-secreting epithelium of ampullary glands showed no reaction to OIF, whereas the bulbourethral gland epithelium showed an intermediate response. The presence of OIF was not detected in the epithelium of the penile urethra, epididymis (caput, corpus, or cauda), or seminiferous tubules. A diffuse distribution of the protein was, however, detected in the stroma of the testes, epididymides, and accessory glands. We conclude that cells that secrete OIF are distributed unequally among accessory sex glands in llamas. The bulk of OIF is produced by the prostate gland, with minimal to no contributions by the bulbourethral and ampullary glands. Future studies involve species comparisons and relating the size of the prostate gland to the concentration of OIF within an ejaculate. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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7

Mahmud, Muhammad Abdullahi, Josephat Edoga Onu, Sani Abdullahi Shehu, Abubakar Abubakar Umar, and Abubakar Danmaigoro. "Histomorphology of accessory sex glands in one-humped camel bull (Camelus dromedarius), Uda Rams and Red Sokoto Buck." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.03.0308.

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Accessory sex glands of fifteen apparently healthy adult one-humped Camel bulls (OCB), Uda rams (UR) and Red Sokoto bucks (RSB) (Five per species) were collected from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir. They were then dissected out for routine histology using H&E. The size of muscularis and the number of secretory cells in the ampullary gland were observed to be highest in OCB, followed by UR and least in RSB. In the three species, the vesicular gland has tubular secretory glands and was separated into lobules by connective tissue trabeculae. Multiple acini were observed with an irregular folded lumen and were lined by simple columnar secretory cells. The prostate of OCB was observed to have highest amount of the interstitial connective tissues and rich in striated muscles which surround the lobules. Fibromuscular trabeculae extended into the parenchyma and most pronounced in OCB than other two species. The number of secretory acini appeared to be more in RSB than the other two species. The bulbourethral gland has numerous connective tissue and numerous trabeculae that originated from the capsule and divides the gland into lobules. Each lobule is populated by acini. In all the three species, the parenchyma is lobulated and consists of compound-tubulo-alveolar secretory end pieces. It was concluded that although results showed that the studied animals are different ruminant species, they exhibit some similarities and interesting histomorphological differences in their accessory sex glands compared to the majority of mammals

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8

Xue, Lei, and Markus Noll. "Dual role of the Pax genepairedin accessory gland development ofDrosophila." Development 129, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.2.339.

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The Drosophila Pax gene paired encodes a transcription factor that is required for the activation of segment-polarity genes and proper segmentation of the larval cuticle, postembryonic viability and male fertility. We show that paired executes a dual role in the development of male accessory glands, the organ homologous to the human prostate. An early function is necessary to promote cell proliferation, whereas a late function, which regulates the expression of accessory gland products such as the sex peptide and Acp26Aa protein, is essential for maturation and differentiation of accessory glands. The late function exhibits in main and secondary secretory cells of accessory glands dynamic patterns of Paired expression that depend in both cell types on the mating activity of adult males, possibly because Paired expression is regulated by negative feedback. The early Paired function depends on domains or motifs in its C-terminal moiety and the late function on the DNA-binding specificity of its N-terminal paired-domain and/or homeodomain. Both Paired functions are absolutely required for male fertility, and both depend on an enhancer located within 0.8 kb of the downstream region of paired.

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9

Ingersoll, David W., Kevin T. Morley, Mark Benvenga, and Carol Hands. "An accessory sex gland aggression-promoting chemosignal in male mice." Behavioral Neuroscience 100, no. 5 (1986): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.100.5.777.

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10

Krishna, A., and Kavita Singh. "The relationship between testicular activity, accessory sex glands, and circulating steroid concentration during the reproductive cycle in a male Indian vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-125.

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The relationship between spermatogenesis, accessory sex glands, Leydig cell activity, and circulating concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione in male Scotophilus heathi, the greater yellow bat, was studied. Scotophilus heathi accumulated fat prior to winter dormancy at Varanasi, India. Spermatogenesis was seasonal and extended over the period November to March, with the testes becoming quiescent during winter. Monthly changes in testis and accessory sex gland masses showed two peaks, in November and January. Accessory gland secretory activity and fructose concentration showed only one peak, during January and February, which coincided with the mating period. The mass in the epididymides and their histological changes reflect the influence of testicular spermatogenesis. However, sperm were found in the cauda epididymidis during the spermatogenically quiescent period of winter dormancy. The Leydig cells showed intense side chain cleavage (SCC) enzyme activity from August to December. In late January and February, males had smaller Leydig cells and low SCC activity. Monthly changes in serum testosterone concentration included two peaks in November and January, coinciding with peak spermatogenic activity, whereas androstenedione showed only one peak, an unusually high concentration in November. The circulating serum androstenedione concentration may be responsible for the unique reproductive activity noted in this bat.

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11

Kershaw-Young, Claire M., G. Evans, and W. M. C. Maxwell. "Glycosaminoglycans in the accessory sex glands, testes and seminal plasma of alpaca and ram." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 2 (2012): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11152.

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The viscous nature of alpaca semen limits its use in cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies. The cause and source of this viscosity is unknown although it has been postulated, but never proven, that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by the bulbourethral gland are responsible. The present study investigated the concentration and composition of GAGs in alpaca seminal plasma, testes, bulbourethral gland and prostate gland and compared them to those in the ram to determine the relationship between seminal plasma GAGs and viscosity and to identify the source of seminal plasma GAGs. Alpaca seminal plasma contained more GAGs than ram (P < 0.001) and the predominant GAG, keratan sulfate, was correlated with viscosity (P = 0.05, R2 = 0.2635). The alpaca bulbourethral gland contained most GAGs compared with prostate or testis (P < 0.001). In the ram, the prostate contained most GAGs. These findings suggest that GAGs, particularly keratan sulfate, may be the cause of seminal plasma viscosity in alpacas, and that the seminal plasma GAGs originate from the bulbourethral gland.

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12

Jolly, SE, and AW Blackshaw. "Sex steroid levels and Leydig cell ultrastructure of the male common sheath-tail bat, Taphozous georgianus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 1, no. 1 (1989): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9890047.

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Male sheath-tail bats were collected from central Queensland over a 12-month period. Plasma testosterone levels peaked in August, coincident with an increase in the volume of the accessory glands and ampulla/seminal vesicle secretion. Peak spermatogenesis occurred in summer and autumn and declined in the face of maximal testosterone levels in winter. Levels of androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were high compared with testosterone levels and showed no significant seasonal changes. Ultrastructural examination of Leydig cell cytoplasm revealed numerous lipid droplets and mitochondria, and an abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. There were no seasonal changes in Leydig cell ultrastructure. The anomalous reproductive pattern in this species is consistent with the imposition of a cold-induced winter spermatogenic shutdown, on a framework of continuous spermatogenesis, with spring peaks in testosterone and accessory gland activity.

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13

Rui, H., J. O. Gordeladze, B. Mevåg, E. Haug, I. Brekke, and K. Purvis. "Circadian Rhythms in Accessory Sex Gland Function in the Male Rat." Urologia Internationalis 40, no. 6 (1985): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000281127.

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14

Umapathy, E., T. Simbini, T. Chipata, and M. Mbizvo. "SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCESSORY SEX GLAND FUNCTIONS IN HIV-INFECTED MEN." Archives of Andrology 46, no. 2 (January 2001): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01485010151094119.

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15

Hou, Xue-Li, Wei Zhang, Lin-Zhi Jia, Qun Wang, and Qian Mao. "Differentially Expressed Genes During Accessory Sex Gland Seasonal Development in Eriocheir sinensis." Journal of Crustacean Biology 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/09-3140.1.

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16

Sousa, Solange D., Luigi Lucini, Paolo Ajmone‐Marsan, Maurício F. Tilburg, and Arlindo A. Moura. "Untargeted metabolomic profiling of accessory sex gland fluid from Morada Nova rams." Molecular Reproduction and Development 87, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23337.

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17

Elzanaty, S., J. Richthoff, J. Malm, and A. Giwercman. "The impact of epididymal and accessory sex gland function on sperm motility." Human Reproduction 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 2904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.11.2904.

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18

Tammi, R., S. Rönkkö, U. M. Agren, and M. Tammi. "Distribution of hyaluronan in bull reproductive organs." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 11 (November 1994): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.11.7523491.

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To study the expression of hyaluronan in male reproductive organs and the origin of seminal plasma hyaluronan, we stained various parts of the bull reproductive tract for hyaluronan using a biotinylated probe derived from cartilage proteoglycan (bHABC). The potential loss of hyaluronan during tissue processing was checked with a novel technique by blotting frozen tissue sections on nitrocellulose and staining the blots with bHABC. In the same tissues the CD44 receptor was visualized by Hermes 1 antibody. The testes showed only traces of hyaluronan, whereas both the epithelium and the connective tissue of seminal vesicle, prostate, Cowper's gland, and epididymis were positive in bHABC staining. Hyaluronan was localized on the basolateral surfaces of these epithelial cells. The secretions inside the seminal vesicle and in the ducts of prostate and Cowper's gland were HA-positive, whereas the luminal contents of seminiferous tubules and epididymis were unstained both in paraffin sections and in the in situ blocks. The data indicate that hyaluronan in seminal plasma originates from the accessory sex glands. The co-localization of CD44 with hyaluronan in the basolateral surfaces of the accessory gland epithelia and its absence from other epithelia with little or no hyaluronan supports its role as a hyaluronan receptor.

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19

Jean-Faucher, Ch, M. Berger, M. De Turckheim, G. Veyssiere, and Cl Jean. "Permanent changes in the functional development of accessory sex organs and in fertility in male mice after neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate." Journal of Endocrinology 104, no. 1 (January 1985): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1040113.

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ABSTRACT Male mice were injected daily with cyproterone acetate for 10 consecutive days during one of the four following periods: 1–10 days, 11–20 days, 21–30 days or 31–40 days. At all stages studied cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of epididymis, vas deferens, preputial gland and seminal vesicle in males killed 24 h after the last injection; the androgen content (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) of the accessory sex organs was also reduced but the differences were not always significant. Cyproterone acetate treatment from 1 to 10 days resulted in a definitive reduction in the relative weights of all accessory sex organs studied and when injected from 11 to 20 days in epididymis and vas deferens. When cyproterone acetate was injected after 20 days of age, the inhibition of sexual organ weights was reversible and at adulthood organs were normally developed. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a high percentage of infertile males only when injected from 1 to 10 days. Spermatogenesis, androgen levels in plasma and accessory sex organs, and sexual behaviour were not affected in sterile males. These results suggest that the functional development of accessory sex organs can be permanently affected by short-term neonatal exposure to endogenous androgens. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 113–120

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20

Chen, P. S., and J. Balmer. "Secretory proteins and sex peptides of the male accessory gland in Drosophila sechellia." Journal of Insect Physiology 35, no. 10 (January 1989): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(89)90133-9.

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21

Leite, J. R., M. O. Freitas, E. G. Sanches, M. L. M. Gomes, M. Hostim-Silva, and K. S. Cole. "Rediscovering hermaphroditism in Grammatidae with the description of the testicular gland in Brazilian Basslet Gramma brasiliensis." Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, no. 3 (April 19, 2016): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03115.

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Abstract Many aspects of sex change in reef fishes have been studied, including behavior and social organization. However, gonad histology remains the most robust way to identify sexual patterns in fishes. Some uncommon tissues remain poorly described, such as the accessory gonadal structures found in species from the Gobiidae family, which are rare in other bony fishes. This is the first report of the testicular gland in Gramma brasiliensis and for the Grammatidae family. Between April 2011 and February 2012 eighty specimens were collected during four dive campaigns on the Taipus de Fora reef (13°56’20”S 38°55’32”W), Bahia, Northeast Brazil, and their sex was determined. Thirteen per cent of the active-females and 90% of the active-males had testicular gland tissue in their ovotestis. This discovery led to additional research into the characteristics of the gland tissue and its relationship with gonadal maturation. Three patterns of testicular gland development were found in Brazilian basslet ovotestis. Both ova and sperm-producing gonad contained testicular gland tissue, and the appearance of this tissue seems to be the first modification of ovotestis tissue marking the beginning of the protogynous sex-change process in G. brasiliensis.

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22

SMITH, D. T., D. J. HOSKEN, R. H. FFRENCH-CONSTANT, and N. WEDELL. "Variation in sex peptide expression inD. melanogaster." Genetics Research 91, no. 4 (July 30, 2009): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672309000226.

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SummaryMaleDrosophila melanogastertransfers many accessory-gland proteins to females during copulation. Sex peptide (SP) is one of these and one of its main effects is to decrease female remating propensity. To date, there has been no investigation of genetic variation in SP-gene expression levels, or if such potential variation directly influences female remating behaviour. We assessed both these possibilities and found significant variation in expression levels of the SP gene acrossD. melanogasterisolines. A non-linear association between SP expression levels and female remating delay suggestive of disruptive selection on expression levels was also documented. Finally, while some isolines were infected with the endosymbiontWolbachia, no association betweenWolbachiaand SP expression level was found.

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23

Inskeep, Philip B., Susan F. Magargee, and Roy H. Hammerstedt. "Alterations in motility and metabolism associated with sperm interaction with accessory sex gland fluids." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 241, no. 1 (August 1985): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90353-4.

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24

Moura, Arlindo A., David A. Chapman, Hasan Koc, and Gary J. Killian. "A comprehensive proteomic analysis of the accessory sex gland fluid from mature Holstein bulls." Animal Reproduction Science 98, no. 3-4 (April 2007): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.012.

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25

Majumder, Md Zahidur Rahman, Mohan Kumar Dash, Humayun Reza Khan, and Rafia Akhtar Khan. "The reproductive biology of flesh fly, Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 23, no. 1 (August 3, 2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19827.

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The reproductive biology of the flesh fly, Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera : Sarcophagidae ) was studied in the blowfly laboratory (25 -30ºC, 60 - 80% RH and 12 hrs light and 12 hrs dark) of the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka. The female reproductive system of B. peregrina comprises of two ovaries, two lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, three spermathecae, and a pair of accessory gland, a bilobed incubation pouch, vagina and genital opening. The male reproductive system B. peregrina consists of a pair of testes, a pair of vasa deferentia, a pair of accessory gland, a median ejaculatory duct, an ejaculatory sac and aedeagus. There is a general trend of gradual development of different organelles of the male and female reproductive systems from adult emergence to reproductive maturity. Protein diet was essential for proper development of female reproductive system. Oocyte development was apparent in both protein fed and protein unfed females. The mean sex-ratio of male to female was 20.2 : 14.2.

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Ødum, Lars, Julie Pildal, and Jens F. Rehfeld. "Somatostatin in the boar reproductive system." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 5 (May 1994): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300515.

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Ødum L, Pildal I. Rehfeld pJF. Somatostatin in the boar reproductive system. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:515–21. ISSN 0804–4643 Somatostatin (SRIF) is a widely distributed regulatory peptide. Recently, it was shown that human seminal plasma contains high concentrations of SRIF. In order to find the cellular source of seminal SRIF we have examined the presence of SRIF in porcine urogenital tissues. The concentration of SRIF in male accessory reproductive tissues of 3-month-old pigs (N = 4) ranged from 1 to 17 nmol/kg. In the boar, only the prostate gland contained significant amounts of SRIF (median 7 nmol/kg, range 3–18 nmol/kg, N = 4). Testis and semen contained no SRIF. Gel chromatography of extracts of the male accessory sex glands and epididymis showed both SRIF-28 and SRIF-14, whereas urinary bladder contained mainly SRIF-14. In conclusion, the results show a considerable species, tissue and developmental variation in the expression of SRIF in the genitourinary tract. Lars Ødum, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Denmark

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Nonclercq, Denis, Jacqueline Zanen, Gerard Toubeau, Guy Laurent, and Jeanine-Anne Heuson-Stiennon. "Apoptosis and cell proliferation in the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands of male Syrian hamsters exposed to diethylstilboestrol (DES)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 11, no. 2 (1999): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd99026.

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Regression of the accessory sex glands was induced in male Syrian hamsters by chronic exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES), an agonist of 17β-oestradiol. Experimental groups (n = 4–5) were killed at increasing time intervals up to 6 months after initiation of treatment. Organ atrophy was evaluated by morphological examination. Apoptosis in the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands was visualized by in situ analysis of DNA fragmentation. Cell proliferation was monitored by immunostaining nuclei of S-phase cells after pulse labelling with BrdU. The volume of the seminal vesicles decreased drastically after 2 weeks of DES administration due to a marked reduction of secretions in the lumen of the glands. Cell proliferation in the seminal vesicles was stimulated by chronic administration of DES. Mitotic activity mostly increased during the first month of treatment, leading to epithelial hyperplasia associated with progressive hyperplasia of the fibromuscular stroma. Evidence of epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia, often associated with an infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was observed in animals exposed to DES for 4 months or more. Regression of the seminal vesicles was also associated with apoptosis in the gland epithelium. Apoptosis appeared 3 days after starting DES administration and culminated at 1 month. Thereafter the number of apoptotic cells decreased progressively, but apoptosis remained present until the end of treatment. In contrast, coagulating glands were less sensitive to DES. No major morphological changes were observed in these glands except for a moderate reduction of protein secretion. The levels of the apoptotic and proliferating cells indices were very low in the coagulating glands during DES treatment. In conclusion, these data point to different sensitivities of the accessory sex glands to DES exposure because DES induces extensive alterations of the normal morphology of the seminal vesicles, but shows only a moderate impact on the coagulating glands. Extra keyword: oestrogen.

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Li, Li, Ping Li, and Lei Xue. "The RED domain of Paired is specifically required for Drosophila accessory gland maturation." Open Biology 5, no. 2 (February 2015): 140179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.140179.

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The evolutionarily conserved paired domain consists of the N-terminal PAI and the C-terminal RED domains, each containing a helix–turn–helix motif capable of binding DNA. Despite its conserved sequence, the physiological functions of the RED domain remain elusive. Here, we constructed a prd transgene expressing a truncated Paired (Prd) protein without the RED domain, and examined its rescue ability in prd mutants. We found that the RED domain is specifically required for the expression of Acp26Aa and sex peptide in male accessory glands, and the induction of female post-mating response. Our data thus identified an important physiological function for the evolutionarily conserved RED domain.

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Hou, Xue-Li, Qian Mao, Lin He, Ya-Nan Gong, Di Qu, and Qun Wang. "Accessory Sex Gland Proteins Affect Spermatophore Digestion Rate and Spermatozoa Acrosin Activity in Eriocheir sinensis." Journal of Crustacean Biology 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/09-3177.1.

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30

W. S., O., H. Q. Chen, and P. H. Chow. "Effects of male accessory sex gland secretions on early embryonic development in the golden hamster." Reproduction 84, no. 1 (September 1, 1988): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0840341.

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Jakobsen, H., H. Rui, Y. Thomassen, T. Hald, and K. Purvis. "Polyamines and other accessory sex gland secretions in human seminal plasma 8 years after vasectomy." Reproduction 87, no. 1 (September 1, 1989): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0870039.

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32

Goss, Dale, Bashir Ayad, Gerhard van der Horst, Bongekile Skosana, and Stefan S. du Plessis. "Improved sperm motility after 4 h of ejaculatory abstinence: role of accessory sex gland secretions." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 5 (2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18135.

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Various studies have sought to determine the typical v. optimal abstinence period after which semen samples should be collected, with many contradictory results reported. Several factors influence the semen microenvironment, and thus sperm parameters. In this study we focused on the secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles and the epididymis. Semen samples were obtained from healthy normozoospermic males (n=16) after 4-day and 4-h periods of ejaculatory abstinence, and standard semen analysis was performed using computer-aided sperm analysis, whereas seminal plasma citric acid, neutral α-glucosidase and fructose concentrations were measured using assay kits. There were significant decreases in total sperm count (P<0.001), sperm concentration (P<0.05) and semen volume (P<0.05) after 4h compared with 4 days ejaculatory abstinence. Furthermore, increases were observed in total sperm motility (P<0.05) and sperm progressive motility (P<0.01) after a 4-h abstinence period, accompanied by significant reductions in citric acid (P<0.05), α-glucosidase (P<0.01) and fructose (P<0.01) concentrations. In addition, due to the decreased number of spermatozoa, these concentrations translated to a significant decrease in fructose (P<0.05) per spermatozoon, indicating an intrinsic mechanism capitalising on alternative sources of energy for increased metabolic function and subsequent sperm motility.

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Sengupta, Pallav. "AN UPDATE ON COAGULATING GLAND RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-PROSTAGLANDIN SYSTEM: A NEW HYPOTHESIS ON ITS RENIN FUNCTION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17427.

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After proper description of reproductive functions of rodent anterior prostate, coagulating gland (CG), by Moore and Gallagher in 1930, numerous papers have been published on this gland and its function in male fertility. It has also been known that it has a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). But, the actual function of this system is not very clear, and even now-a-days, this gland is getting ignored in reproductive physiology research. Thus, this review article attempts to unearth the reproductive functions of this gland, with a hypothetical mechanism of CG renin function. We have reviewed the available literature published on this gland and correlated the fragmented information to unveil its importance. We have proposed a hypothetical mechanism (aided by self-designed schemes) of CG renin function along with its functional and structural aspects in reproductive physiology. Despite being ignored in modern research, CG has a very significant function in rodent reproduction and breeding. It has also a very significant role in regulation of local homeostasis by renin-angiotensin-prostaglandin system.Key words:laboratory rat; mice; accessory sex organs; coagulating gland; renin

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MAO, QIAN, XUE-LI HOU, PING XIAO, XIAN-PING YING, LIN HE, and QUN WANG. "Identification of proteins from the accessory sex gland ofEriocheir sinensisby two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 53, no. 3 (January 2009): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2009.9652300.

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35

Ying, Y. "Male accessory sex gland secretions affect oocyte Ca2+ oscillations during in-vitro fertilization in golden hamsters." Molecular Human Reproduction 5, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/5.6.527.

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36

Elzanaty, Saad, Johan Malm, and Aleksander Giwercman. "Duration of sexual abstinence: epididymal and accessory sex gland secretions and their relationship to sperm motility." Human Reproduction 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh586.

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Elzanaty, Saad. "Association between Age and Epididymal and Accessory Sex Gland Function and their Relation to Sperm Motility." Archives of Andrology 53, no. 3 (January 2007): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01485010701225667.

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38

Aguadé, Montserrat. "Positive Selection Drives the Evolution of the Acp29AB Accessory Gland Protein in Drosophila." Genetics 152, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.2.543.

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Abstract Nucleotide sequence variation at the Acp29AB gene region has been surveyed in Drosophila melanogaster from Spain (12 lines), Ivory Coast (14 lines), and Malawi (13 lines) and in one line of D. simulans. The ∼1.7-kb region studied encompasses the Acp29AB gene that codes for a male accessory gland protein and its flanking regions. Seventy-seven nucleotide and 8 length polymorphisms were detected. Nonsynonymous polymorphism was an order of magnitude lower than synonymous polymorphism, but still high relative to other non-sex-related genes. In D. melanogaster variation at this region revealed no major genetic differentiation between East and West African populations, while differentiation was highly significant between the European and the two African populations. Comparison of polymorphism and divergence at synonymous and nonsynonymous sites showed an excess of fixed nonsynonymous changes, which indicates that the evolution of the Acp29AB protein has been driven by directional selection at least after the split of the D. melanogaster and D. simulans lineages. The pattern of variation in extant populations of D. melanogaster favors a scenario where the fixation of advantageous replacement substitutions occurred in the early stages of speciation and balancing selection is maintaining variation in this species.

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39

Pant, Niraj, R. C. Murthy, and S. P. Srivastava. "Male reproductive toxicity of sodium arsenite in mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 8 (August 2004): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht467oa.

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The effect of chronic oral exposure to arsenic on male mouse testicular and accessory sex organ weights, sperm parameters and testicular marker enzymes was studied. In addition, the distribution of arsenic in reproductive organs was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Sodium arsenite administered to mice (Mus musculus) via drinking water at a dose of 53.39 βmol/L (4 ppm As) for 365 days caused a decrease in the absolute and relative testicular weight. However, epididymal and accessory sex organ weight was similar to control. The activities of marker testicular enzymes such as sorbitol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) were significantly decreased, but those of lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were significantly increased. A decrease in sperm count and sperm motility, along with an increase in abnormal sperm, was observed in arsenite-exposed mice. A significant accumulation of arsenic in testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland was observed in treated animals. Thus long term exposure (365 days) at the dose level of 53.39 μmol/L sodium arsenite (4 ppm As), to which human beings are likely to be exposed via drinking water, may cause testicular and spermatotoxic effect.

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40

Wilson, Michael J., Jeremy Lind, and Akhouri A. Sinha. "Induction of a heparin-stimulated serine proteinase in sex accessory gland tumors of the Lobund-Wistar rat." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 99, no. 1 (August 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.04.008.

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41

Chen, H. "Protection of sperm DNA against oxidative stress in vivo by accessory sex gland secretions in male hamsters." Reproduction 124, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/reprod/124.4.491.

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42

He, Lin, Hui Jiang, Dandan Cao, Lihua Liu, Songnian Hu, and Qun Wang. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Accessory Sex Gland and Testis from the Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)." PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): e53915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053915.

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RUI, H., Y. THOMASSEN, N. B. OLDEREID, and K. PURVIS. "Accessory Sex Gland Function in Normal Young (20-25 Years) and Middle-aged (50-55 Years) Men." Journal of Andrology 7, no. 2 (March 4, 1986): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1986.tb00887.x.

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44

Thitipramote, N., J. Suwanjarat, and W. G. Breed. "Reproductive biology of the greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica (Rodentia: Muridae) in the rice fields of southern Thailand." Current Zoology 55, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.1.48.

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Abstract This study investigated some aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female greater bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica, in southern Thailand from September 2004 to September 2006. In females, body, uterine and preputial gland weights, occurrences of pregnancies and placental scars, and in males, testicular weights and histology, and sizes of accessory sex glands, were recorded. Pregnancies occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in the wet season, with a higher incidence pregnancies in the second, than in the first, dry season. Uterine and preputial gland weights tended to be lower in the first, but not the second dry season, with placental scars occurring at all times of year. Males tended to have heavier testes in the wet season but some seminiferous tubules contained sperm even in the dry season. Seminal vesicles, but not prostates and preputial glands, tended to be heavier in animals in the wet season. We conclude that the greater bandicoot rat in southern Thailand shows maximal reproductive activity in the wet season with some reproductive activity, albeit variable from year to year, occurring in the dry season depending upon environmental conditions. This study has also shown that females, as well as males, have large preputial glands, and that males invariably have small testes regardless of the time of year. These observations suggest a similar timing of reproduction, but a different breeding biology and perhaps social organisation, from that of the sympatric ricefield rat, Rattus argentiventer

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45

Tamano, S., S. Rehm, M. P. Waalkes, and J. M. Ward. "High Incidence and Histogenesis of Seminal Vesicle Adenocarcinoma and Lower Incidence of Prostate Carcinomas in the Lobund-Wistar Prostate Cancer Rat Model Using N-nitrosomethylurea and Testosterone." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 5 (September 1996): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300511.

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The origin of chemically induced male accessory sex gland tumors was studied in Lobund-Wistar rats. Rats were treated at the age of 3 months with a single intravenous injection of 30 mg N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)/kg body weight and given subcutaneous silastic implants filled with 40 mg testosterone propionate. Previous reports described a high incidence of prostate carcinomas in these rats with this treatment protocol. Additional animal groups included untreated controls, rats that received only an injection of 30 mg NMU/kg, and rats that were subjected to ablation of the seminal vesicle lobes prior to the treatment with NMU and testosterone. Three to 14 rats per group were sacrificed 4 to 10 months after NMU treatment and all remaining rats after 12 months. Twenty-four additional rats died or became moribund during the study. All rats were necropsied and the dorsolateral and ventral prostate and seminal vesicles with coagulating gland (anterior prostate) were examined histologically according to a standardized protocol. Lesions detected included atypical hyperplasia in all glands (resembling prostate intraepithelial neoplasia of human beings), adenomas in seminal vesicles only, and early carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in seminal vesicles and coagulating gland. Early carcinomas of the seminal vesicle, microscopically small and with invasion of the lamina propria and/or tunica muscularis, were detected as rapidly as 4 months after treatment. The vast majority (>95%) of the grossly visible nodules/masses originated from the seminal vesicles. Testosterone treatment enhanced occurrence and increased the incidence of all lesions, particularly of seminal vesicle adenocarcinomas, from 30% (7/23) to 64% (21/33). Coagulating gland tumors were found in 21% (7/33) of the rats. Ablation of the seminal vesicle lobes reduced the incidence of seminal vesicle adenocarcinomas to 11% (3/29), and these tumors arose from tissues remaining within the parenchyma of the seminal vesicle/prostate complex after ablation. Thus, NMU-induced and testosterone-promoted male sex gland tumors of the Lobund-Wistar rat arise almost exclusively in the seminal vesicles and coagulating gland (anterior prostate), are highly invasive in seminal vesicles before attaining a grossly visible size, and progress rapidly within 4 months, spreading to adjacent tissues and other organs.

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46

Furr, B. J. A., B. Valcaccia, B. Curry, J. R. Woodburn, G. Chesterson, and H. Tucker. "ICI 176,334: A NOVEL NON–STEROIDAL, PERIPHERALLY SELECTIVE ANTIANDROGEN." Journal of Endocrinology 113, no. 3 (June 1987): R7—R9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.113r007.

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ABSTRACT Pure antiandrogens, like flutamide, antagonize androgen action both peripherally and centrally at the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, which leads to an increase in LH and testosterone secretion. A new non–steroidal antiandrogen ICI 176,334 ((2RS)4′-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3′-trifluoromethyl)propion-anilide) has now been discovered which causes regression of the accessory sex organs but does not increase serum concentrations of LH and androgens. ICI 176,334 binds to rat prostate androgen receptors with an affinity around fourfold that of hydroxyflutamide. When administered s.c. concurrently with testosterone propionate (200μg/kg) for 7 days to immature castrated rats, ICI 176,334 (10mg/kg) significantly (P<0.001) inhibited growth of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate gland. Oral administration of ICI 176,334 at doses of 1, 5 and 25mg/kg for 14 days to adult rats caused a dose–related reduction in accessory sex organ weights but had no effect on the testes. None of these doses caused a significant increase in serum LH and testosterone. Flutamide was around fourfold less potent and significantly increased serum LH and testosterone at the higher doses. ICI 176,334 was well tolerated. ICI 176,334 should, therefore, prove useful for the treatment of androgen–responsive benign and malignant diseases.

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Carpino, A., V. De Sanctis, L. Siciliano, M. Maggiolini, A. Vivacqua, A. Pinamonti, D. Sisci, and S. Andó. "Epididymal and sex accessory gland secretions in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemic patients: Evidence of an impaired prostatic function." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 105, no. 03 (July 14, 2009): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211747.

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48

Schleicher, R. L., C. A. Lamartiniere, M. Zheng, and M. Zhang. "The inhibitory effect of genistein on the growth and metastasis of a transplantable rat accessory sex gland carcinoma." Cancer Letters 136, no. 2 (March 1999): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00322-x.

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49

Quesnell, Matthew M., Yuzhi Zhang, David M. de Avila, Kevin P. Bertrand, and Jerry J. Reeves. "Immunization of Male Mice with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Fusion Proteins Reduces Testicular and Accessory Sex Gland Function1." Biology of Reproduction 63, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod63.1.347.

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50

Rogina, Blanka. "The Effect of Sex Peptide and Calorie Intake on Fecundity in FemaleDrosophila melanogaster." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.126.

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The accessory gland proteins (Acps) of the male Drosophila cause changes in the behavior and physiology of female flies. Sex peptide (SP) is one of the Acps that initiates many changes, including an increase in egg production. The data presented here show that SP overexpression in transgenic (G-10) female flies increases egg production when females are kept on a standard and high-calorie diet, relative to controls that do not express SP. Particularly, a high increase in egg production observed in G-10 females on a high-calorie diet suggests that SP overexpression magnifies the female response to caloric uptake. However, on a calorie-restricted diet, the fecundity of G-10 females overexpressing SP is lower than control females. On a high-calorie diet, mating increases early egg production in G-10 and control females, but lifelong total egg production is only increased in control females, most likely due to the physiological changes set off by substantial initial egg production in G-10 females.

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