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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Accident mechanisms'

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1

Cvetkovic, ́. Jasmina. "Immune mechanisms in atherosclerotic vascular disease /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-268-X.

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Wei, Wei. "Investigating blunt aortic rupture mechanisms in motor vehicle crash accidents : the role of intra-aortic pressure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0688/document.

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L’aorte est une artère majeure et la rupture de l’aorte (RA) est la lésion la plus commune parmi les larges vaisseaux. Une RA est détectée dans 10 à 15% des cas mortels liés aux accidents de voiture et constitue la cause secondaire des morts consécutives aux chocs traumatiques associés à ces accidents. Les mécanismes variés de RA (éclatement soudain de l’aorte, la contrainte des structures osseuses, le « coup de bélier » et la combinaison de ces mécanismes) peuvent être considérés comme une combinaison de deux types de contributions : la distraction aortique et la pression aortique.L’objectif
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DiNapoli, Vincent A. "Alterations in JAK/STAT signaling pathway and blood-brain barrier function mechanisms underlying worsened outcome following stroke in the aged rat /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5142.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 154 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-149).
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Kulkarni, Ambarish. "Design and manufacture of car carrier." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010.

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Currently the loading of cars in car carrier is done manually by the truck drivers. The drivers load car carrier by climbing over the height of 1.5 meters, which is limitation in existing designs. While loading cars on the top of the prime mover, driver needs to reach top of the car carrier to load and strap cars in positions above 1.5 meters. This cause's potential risks on falls from heights; identified as an issue in car carrier sector by OHS authorities. This research focuses on health and safety issues in present car carriers and improvement in designing of a car carrier, which elimina
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Thieme, Sandra, and Magdalena Wingren. "Understanding fracture mechanisms of the upper extremities in car accidents." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2571.

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<p>The aim of this study was to understand injury mechanisms behind fractures of the upper extremities in car accidents. Volvo Car Corporation initiated this project based on the fact that no safety system today focuses on preventing injuries to the upper extremity. A literature study was undertaken focusing on the basic anatomy of the upper extremity, different fracture types and fracture mechanisms. Three subsets, from 1998 – January 2009, were selected from Volvo’s statistical accident database: 1) all occupants involved in an accident 2) all occupants with a MAIS2+ injury 3) all occupants
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Mikulášková, Eliška. "Technika zatáčení řidičů a možnosti vozidel v aplikaci software pro analýzu nehod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382228.

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The diploma thesis deals with the turning technique of cars and common drivers. The thesis examines the behavior of vehicles and drivers when cornering, forward and reverse driving. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the technique of turning vehicles and common drivers and apply the acquired data to simulation programs for road accident analysis. The individual aims of the thesis are theoretical description of the given problem and experimental verification of the parameters of radii, angles and time course of turning of different vehicles and common drivers in forward and reverse driving und
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Cazier, Olivier. "Modélisation prédictive des accidents aux passages à niveau pour permettre l'optimisation des passages à niveau existants et le développement de nouveaux systèmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB050.

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La thèse a pour objet d'explorer la possibilité de modéliser les accidents aux passages à niveau, et d'utiliser ce modèle- pour prédire le risque d'accident de modèles innovants de passage à niveau- pour interpréter les retours d'expérience des accidents, et , plus généralement, d'enclencher un processus d'aller retour théorie/expérience qui permettrait à la fois d'améliorer les modèles, de comprendre les causes d'accident et d'améliorer plus rapidement la sécuritéLa thèse comporte 4 thèmes principaux :- une description « statistique » de la population de passages à niveau Français ( état des
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Carroll, Jolyon Alexander. "Mechanisms of head injuries in road traffic accidents : a potential solution for data collection." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/52640/.

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Despite advances in road safety, head injuries still account for many of the most serious and fatal injuries in road traffic accidents. This PhD thesis provides a summary of knowledge regarding the current position in head injury research with regard to:  Previous assertions as to head injury mechanisms  Existing head injury criteria  The availability of data to explore potential confounding factors in predicting head injury risk and to propose or validate a new injury criterion or criteria. On the basis of the existing information the question was posed, whether it is possible to validate
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Gatts, Strawberry K. "Neural and biomechanical mechanisms underlying balance improvement with short term tai chi training in balance impaired older adults." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Henry, Kevin Claude. "Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1436.

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Light vehicle rollover accidents on soft surfaces can be modeled assuming constant drag with linear motion equations and other engineering principles. The concept of using segment average results to evaluate roll mechanics parameters throughout a roll sequence, and specifically, segment duration to evaluate vehicle trajectory between ground impacts is developed. The trajectory model is presented, explained and compared to values obtained by analyzing digital video of rollover crash tests. Detailed film analysis procedures are developed to obtain data from rollover crash tests that are not othe
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Louw, Tyron Linton. "An investigation into control mechanisms of driving performance : resource depletion and effort-regulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001842.

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Driver fatigue is a complex phenomenon that has a range of causal factors including sleeprelated and task-related factors. These manifest as different safety and performance outcomes. Extensive research has been applied to linking these factors to performance impairment. However, little research focuses on the mechanisms by which this link exists. This research project therefore focuses on the processes underlying how driving performance is controlled and maintained during the development on non-sleep-related driver fatigue. The main aim was to establish whether progressive impairment of drivi
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Viljoen, Jacoba Hendrika. "Seat Belt Fit a Mechanism of Injury During a Motor Vehicle Crash." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5954.

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Seat belts save lives; however, unintentional injuries are still the leading cause of death for those between 1 and 44 years in the United States. Seat belts also cause injuries during motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and obesity changes how seat belts fit. The purpose of this retrospective causal inference quantitative study was to reduce the knowledge gap in scholarly research on seat belt fit in relation to blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) during MVCs and seat belt compliance. The theoretical framework used was based on H.W. Heinrich's domino theory. The research questions focused on the f
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Albertsson, Pontus. "Occupant casualties in bus and coach traffic : injury and crash mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Deptartment of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of surgery, Umeå university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-482.

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Jailin, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement d’un tube de gainage lors d’un accident de réactivité en phase post-crise ébullition." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI032.

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Cette thèse porte sur le comportement au fluage du tube de gainage en Zircaloy-4 en conditions représentatives de la phase post-DNB (Departure from Nucleate Boiling) d’un accident de réactivité (RIA). Ces conditions peuvent se résumer à une élévation brutale de la température de la gaine alors que celle-ci est intérieurement pressurisée, suivie de son ballonnement à haute température. La transformation de phase (α→β) du Zircaloy-4 a tout d’abord été étudiée à l’aide d’essais de dilatométrie pour des vitesses de chauffe comprises entre 50 et 2000°C/s. Une attention particulière a été portée aux
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Plevacova, Kamila. "Etude des matériaux sacrificiels absorbants et diluants pour le contrôle de la réactivité dans le cas d'un accidnet hypothètique de fusion du coeur de réacteurs de quatrième génération." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620472.

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Afin de limiter les conséquences d'un accident grave avec la fusion du cœur dans un réacteur à neutrons rapides de génération IV refroidi au sodium, la recriticité doit être évitée au sein du mélange de combustible oxyde et de structures fondus, appelé corium. Pour cela, des matériaux absorbants, tels que le carbure de bore B4C, seront utilisés dans ou près du cœur, et des matériaux diluants dans le récupérateur de corium. L'objectif de ce travail est de présélectionner des matériaux parmi ces deux types de familles et de comprendre leur comportement au contact avec le corium. Concernant le B4
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Delerba, Frédéric. "Modélisation géométrique et mécanique tridimensionnelle du rachis thoracique et lombaire en configuration de choc automobile." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005772.

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La thèse " Modélisation mécanique et géométrique tridimensionnelle du rachis thoracique et lombaire en configuration de choc automobile " est une coopération entre le Laboratoire de Biomécanique de l'ENSAM de Paris (LBM) et le Laboratoire d'Accidentologie et Biomécanique (LAB) crée par les constructeurs PSA - Peugeot Citroën - et Renault. Elle porte sur la réalisation d'un modèle numérique du rachis thoracique et lombaire, représenté en position assise, et validé dans le domaine statique et surtout dynamique. Il a pour vocation d'être intégré au sein d'un modèle entier d'" être humain ", ce qu
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Gauthier, Rémy. "Crack propagation mechanisms in human cortical bone on different paired anatomical locations : biomechanical, tomographic and biochemical approaches." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1179/document.

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Il est estimé qu'une fracture se produit toutes les trois secondes autour du monde, accompagné par un risque élevé d'invalidité ou même de mortalité. La connaissance des mécanismes de fractures dans une configuration de chargement représentatif d'une chute semble être d'un intérêt majeur pour le développement de méthodes dédiées à la prédiction du risque de fracture. La ténacité est un paramètre approprié lorsqu'on s'intéresse à ces mécanismes de fracture, elle détermine l'énergie nécessaire pour propager une fissure à travers l'architecture du tissu. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la
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Le, Saux Matthieu. "Comportement et rupture de gaines en zircaloy-4 détendu vierges, hydrurées ou irradiées en situation accidentelle de type RIA." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395361.

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L'objectif de cette étude est de caractériser et de modéliser le comportement mécanique et la rupture en situation accidentelle d'injection de réactivité de gaines de crayons combustibles en Zircaloy-4 détendu vierges, hydrurées ou irradiées en réacteurs nucléaires à eau pressurisée. Un modèle est proposé pour décrire le comportement viscoplastique anisotrope du matériau en fonction de la température (de 20°C à 1100°C), la vitesse de déformation (de 3.10-4 s-1 à 5 s-1), la fluence (de 0 à 1026 n.m-2) et des conditions d'irradiation. Le comportement plastique anisotrope et la rupture du matéria
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Rey, Guillaume. "Approche probabiliste de la sécurité des véhicules légers en zones accidentogènes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586196.

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Les sorties de route en virage constituent une part importante des accidents de la route en France, causes d'environ 30 % des accidents mortels pour 2008. Ces accidents se produisent principalement sur route secondaire ce qui montre le besoin du conducteur d'être assisté dans sa tâche de lecture et de négociation du virage. L'objectif de ce travail est le développement d'une méthodologie d'évaluation du risque encouru par le conducteur lors du franchissement d'un virage afin de mettre en place sur les itinéraires routiers un système d'alerte déclenchée en cas de situation potentiellement dange
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Nadarasa, Jeyendran. "Modélisation par éléments-finis des traumatismes crâniens du nourrisson." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD003.

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La biomécanique des chocs vise à étudier les lésions, établir des limites de tolérance et de proposer des mesures de protections adéquates. La méthode des éléments-finis permet l’étude approfondie des mécanismes de lésions, évitant des problèmes liés à l’expérimentation et d’éthique. La biomécanique de la tête humaine chez l’adulte a pris ce virage très tôt, et des modèles de la tête de l’adulte existent, dont celui développé à l’Université de Strasbourg : le SUFEHM (Strasbourg University Finite Element Head Model). Le présent projet a pour but d’ouvrir cette thématique à la modélisation des t
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Mayeur, Olivier. "Personnalisation géométrique et mécanique multi-échelles du thorax humain." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020820.

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La recherche en biomécanique des chocs est une nécessité pour améliorer la sécurité dans les transports. Pour une meilleure évaluation des critères lésionnels lors des simulations de crash, le manque de représentativité des modèles EF du thorax humain pourrait être comblé par une démarche de personnalisation aussi bien au niveau géométrique que mécanique. Cette thèse se base sur l'étude de 18 sujets humains post-mortem. A partir des données d'imagerie, les différentes dimensions des côtes sont analysées. La corrélation de ces paramètres aboutit à la prédiction de 192 dimensions à partir d'un u
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Bairrão, Rogério. "Modèle de comportement à la ruine des structures constituées de poutres en béton armé : prise en compte des phénomènes d'endommagement et de plasticité." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066014.

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Mise au point d'un modèle non linéaire caractérisant la tenue ultime des structures constituées de poutres en béton armé. Analyse critique des théories actuelles (plasticité globale et endommagement). Nécessité d'une formulation nouvelle incluant les deux non-linéarités. Formulation d'un modèle complet applicable aux situations accidentelles les plus courantes en particulier aux sollicitations sismiques. Après son implémentation dans un programme de calcul par éléments finis, on effectue deux calculs de démonstration dans le cas d'une poutre en flexion 4 points avec dilatation de membrane libr
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Chen, Tai-An, and 陳泰安. "The Discassion of the occupational accident statistic mechanisms and index in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33380682022962487619.

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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>環境與安全衛生工程所<br>92<br>The statistic of occupational accident is an important index of occupational safety and hygiene status. To understand the status of occupational accident and to establish policy, assess performance, Government in every country always needs to statistics occupational accident data. Therefore, the collection and analysis of occupational accidents become a major work of related department. In Taiwan, there are some data to be treated as an important performance of occupational accident status. Like the major occupational accident fatality numbers on the Maj
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Lei, Ya-Ting, and 雷雅婷. "Research on the Accountability mechanisms and state liability of public infrastructures─centering on the issues on National Highway landslide accident." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09455609163593535923.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>公共行政學系公共政策碩士班<br>99<br>Public infrastructures are one of the important assets of a country. It maintains the pulse of a country&apos;&apos;s political and economic development, closely links to the national life, and it has massive and profound impact on people living in this country. However, the set up or management of public facilities often involves the use of a high degree of organization of technology and expertise, and the outbreak of any hidden risk may cause unpredictable damage to the country. Especially, as a disaster strikes and causes damage, the impact on the rights
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Li, Chia-Lin, and 李嘉霖. "An Analysis of the Mechanisms used in Fire Accident Investigations:Taking Taiwan, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States as Examples." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33c366.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>戰略暨國家安全碩士在職專班<br>107<br>The dilemmas and challenges faced by firefighters are increasing daily. The world’s firefighting teams are not satisfied with their achievements and disaster relief skills. In the face of potential disasters, more comprehensive response strategies are required to set out countermeasures that provide the public with sound disaster prevention quality and relief services. The investigations that follow a fire related disaster can involve: people’s individual legal responsibilities, rights, and obligations; evaluation of a disaster; post-disaster recovery; d
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Hsieh, Huai En, and 謝懷恩. "A Study of Downward-Facing Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux Mechanisms with External Vessel Bottom for the Severe Accident of Advanced Nuclear Power Plants." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50774798906543863483.

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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>核子工程與科學研究所<br>104<br>The critical heat flux (CHF) of downward facing heating process and its heat transfer has been a hot study topic heat flow in recent years. The application has been widely applied into a variety of industries, including nuclear, cooling of electronic devices, fuel cells, steel-making and chemical reactors. Many studies have found that the CHF of downward facing heating is lower than that of upward facing heating for the reason that of bubbles are easily accumulated at the heating surface due to buoyancy and gravity, causing premature CHF. Downward facing he
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Yentung, Teng, and 鄧延桐. "Military Internal Control Mechanism Research – using major financial accident as example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02007098791222829186.

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碩士<br>開南大學<br>財務金融學系<br>97<br>Abstract When faced with China’s military threat, there is a need for Taiwan to maintain a higher figure of defense budgets over the recent years. Yet with rising public concern, the people of Taiwan are also increasingly scrutinizing the national defense budgets’ utilization process, utilization results and financial resources, compelling the Legislative Yuan and the Audit Department to take to a stringent approach to monitoring the management of defense administration, emphasizing more than the legitimacy of financial resource utilization, but also focusing on
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陳舒豪. "The study of assessment mechanism for the quality of accident management." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45uscq.

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Ho, Szu-Ying, and 何思瑩. "The discussions of marine oil pollution accident risk management and compensation mechanism." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84545658905598698266.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>保險學系保險經營碩士班<br>93<br>Taiwan Island is surrounded by ocean and located in the shipping thoroughfare. Vessels and ships shuttle nearby sea area back and forth frequently. Therefore improve the chance of the marine oil pollution accident. 1977 the worldwide noticed Borag case of oil spill accident caused the serious destruction for natural ecology and the view of Taiwan Northeast sea area, but it has not aroused government''s attention to the marine oil pollution accident. By the beginning of the 2001, Amorgos cargo ship oil spill accident, due to the relevant departments failed to
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陳英傑. "The study of a freeway property damage accident responding mechanism for insurance company." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5vt2x9.

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Jerónimo, Maria Berta Ferreira de Carvalho Martins. "Sobre-endividamento e recuperação de pessoas singulares." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/54954.

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Credit, like coins, has two sides. One is to meet the needs of families, raising their lifestyle, but the other one is much darker – the lack of a proper management of resources or the occurrence of a life accident quickly turns the dream into a nightmare, turning the coin to the face of over-indebtedness. Behind this reality, there are personal stories of hardships, families destroyed by the negative impact of this phenomenon, with harmful consequences on their health, not only economic and financial, but especially physical and mental, which takes on more serious contours in the case
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Lee, Sungeun. "Balance mechanisms during standing and walking in young and older adults." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/973.

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010.<br>A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on February 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
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SU, KE-YU, and 蘇科毓. "Implementation of an Internet of Vehicle System for High-Speed Traffic Collision Accident Detection with an Emergency Alert Mechanism." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67e36s.

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碩士<br>南臺科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>106<br>A research survey report pointed out that the rescue response time required for high-speed traffic accident collisions was one of the main factors affecting the road traffic accident mortality rate. Most traffic collision accidents could be got relevant assistances by drivers, passengers, or kindhearted persons. However, if a traffic accident occurs at night or in the suburbs, often driving or occupants lose consciousness due to violent impact, no one can immediately send a distress message to the outside world and affect the golden window the traffic collision
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Tseng, Chin-Hu, and 曾金虎. "Reducing the Operation Risks and Industrial Accidents- from the Aspect of Utilizing the Mechanism of Property Insurance." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44326821210384003705.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災學程<br>93<br>To maximize the shareholders’ benefits is the main purpose of business activities. Therefore, how to achieve cost-down efficiently and to minimize the losses generated from incidents caused shall be regarded as the most important tasks for all management. Among various corporate operation risks, companies can obtain financially relief by transferring most physical risks to property insurers. However, how to lower the operating risks and costs (including insurance expenses) by purchasing insurance policies to cover physical damages and utilizing the l
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Cheng, Ying-Lung, and 鄭穎隆. "Using Finite Element Method to Study Cervical Spine Injury Mechanism with and without Helmet in Motorcycle Accidents." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53475684701555421116.

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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>醫學工程研究所<br>93<br>In recent years, the transportation is developed day by day, although has facilitated people's life, but the following traffic accidents has caused the injuries and deaths of large quantities of personnel and economic damage. Traffic accidents of death for head injury, it is although main reason, but cervical spine injure often most easy to neglect and lead to the paralysis or death. Several experiments have been made on cervical spine injury, which include different boundary conditions and initial conditions; it has very great influence to cervical spine
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Yeh, Kuei-Yen, and 葉歸燕. "The Research of Accident Contingency Mechanism for Handling the mainland China Tourist Groups to Taiwan:A Case Study on Travel Association." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f8n4mu.

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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>觀光事業學系碩士在職專班<br>103<br>Since 2008, the government of President Ma Ying-Jeou has allowed the mainland China travel groups to visit Taiwan, and then the number of people from the mainland China to Taiwan increases year by year. According to the statistic data from Ministry of Interior Immigration Department , in February 2015 there are 386,998 mainland China visitors to Taiwan arrived for a short stay, in which 346,188 persons are solely for the purpose of tourism. In recent years, the number of mainland China tourists to Taiwan grows in the steady state, and the mainland C
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Gowdham, Prabhakar P. G. "Interaction Design and Distraction Detection of Drivers in Automobiles." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4924.

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In recent times, usage of electronic devices inside cars while driving has increased due to the introduction of new technologies to keep drivers comfortable and entertained. Systems like satnav ease out the navigation by offering optimised traffic plans at times of complex traffic and road conditions. Though technologies like music, radio and phone facilitate onboard communication and entertainment, they have potential in distracting drivers. The interaction with such technologies while driving takes the attention of drivers away from driving. As distraction of drivers leads to car crashes and
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HELFENSTEIN, Clémentine. "Étude du comportement interne de l’abdomen lors d’un impact : observations par échographie ultrarapide." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926939.

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La protection des usagers et la prévention des risques sont des enjeux majeurs de la sécurité routière. La conception des véhicules inclut un grand nombre d’éléments de sécurité passive qui ont pour rôle de minimiser les séquelles corporelles des usagers si l’impact se produit. L’objectif global de cette thèse est donc de mettre en place des protocoles d’essais et d’observer ces comportements internes grâce à une technique d’imagerie récente : l’échographie ultrarapide. Une attention particulière a été portée au comportement interne des organes pleins de l’abdomen, qui sont les organes les plu
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Van, Rooyen Bernadette. "Prevention mechanisms to minimise injuries on duty : perceptions of security officers in a private security company." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24015.

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The aim of the study was to determine the causes of IODs in the workplace and to identify possible preventative measures to reduce IODs. A literature review was conducted as part of the study, involving assessment of all related articles and books on the subject of IODs in the workplace. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to conduct the study. The main research instruments were four focus group interviews and eight individual interviews. The study concluded that employees experienced IODs in different ways, with most participants describing negative experiences such as physical p
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