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1
Gillespie, Kris S. "Improving commercial vehicle crash data quality in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1658.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 58 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45).
2
Henry, Kevin C. "Soft surface roll mechanics parameters for light vehicle rollover accident reconstruction /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2024.pdf.
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Muadinohamba, Jeremia Lucas. "Accident compensation reform : the case of the motor vehicle accident fund of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49204.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In Southern Africa only five countries administer a fuel levy funded motor vehicle accident compensation system. These are South Africa, Namibia, Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho. These accident compensation systems are administered by statutory bodies established through the respective Act of Parliaments, with the exception of Lesotho, which is outsourced to a private insurance agency for administration purposes. The enabling legislation prescribes the compensation of accident victims, where the cause of accident is due to the negligent or fault of the driver or owner of the vehicle. Over the years, the administration of these Funds have proven to be a significant challenge in respect of their enabling legislations, inadequate funding levels to meet liabilities as prescribed by the respective legislation and poor public governance of the institutions. The study reviews the Namibian MVA Fund's efforts to reform the compensation scheme in the context of an overall public management reform and social policy. The study presents the historical overview of the accident compensation regime and how that has influenced the current thinking and application of compensation policy in the Southern African region. The study emphasised the quest of the Funds to become financially viable, thus being able to meet present and future liabilities as and when they accrue to the respective Funds. Thus it presents new thinking and knowledge on alternative revenue sources that could be further explored to enhance financial viability and broadening the scope of coverage of the compensations scheme.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suidelike Afrika gebruik slegs vyf lande 'n stelsel vir die vergoeding van motorvoertuigongelukke wat deur 'n brandstof heffing befonds word. Hierdie lande is Suid Afrika, Namibie, Swaziland, Botswana en Lesotho. Hierdie ongeluksvergoedingstelsel word ge-administreer deur statutere liggame daargestel deur die onderskeie wetgewing van Parlemente, met uitsondering van Lesotho, wat die funksie uitgekontrakteur het aan 'n private versekeringsmaatskapy vir adminstrasie doeleindes. Die betrokke wetgewing skryf die vergoeding van ongelukslagoffers voor waar die oorsaak van die ongeluk deur die nalatigheid of fout van die bestuurder of eienaar van die voertuig is. Die administrasie van die onderskeie fondse oor die jare, het getoon dat 'n groot uitdaging gestel word aan hul magtigende wetgewing ten opsigte van die toereikendheid van fondse en swak beheer, soos voorgeskryf deur die betrokke wetgewing. Hierdie studie hersien die Motorvoertuigongeluksfonds van Namibie se strewe tot die hervorming van die vergoedingskema in die oorhoofse publieke bestuurshervorming en maatskaplike voorskrifte. Die studie verteenwoordig die historiese oorsig van die ongeluksvergoedingskema en die invloed daarvan op die huidige denkwyses en toepassing van vergoedingskemas in die Suider-Afrikaanse streke. Hierdie studie het die proses van die Fondse om finansieel lewensvatbaar te word beklemtoon, derhalwe om in staat te wees om die huidige en toekomstige finiansiele verantwoordelikheid soos en wanneer dit deur die onderskeie fondse toegeskryf word, na te kom. Gevolglik verteenwoordig dit nuwe denkwyses en kennis van altematiewe bronne van inkomste wat verder ondersoek kan word om finansiele lewensvaatbaarheid te verbeter en die voordele struktuur van hierdie vergoedingskemas te vergroot.
4
Shoarian-Sattari, Kamal. "Use of vehicle flow parameters as predictors of road traffic accident risk." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391324.
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Shuhaibar, Nabeel Khalil. "Road accidents in a developing country : characteristics and causes of accident rates in Kuwait." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8185.
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6
Stevenson, Timothy James. "Simulation of Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1180.
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The literature on vehicle crash reconstruction provides a number of empirical or classical theoretical models for the distance pedestrians are thrown in impacts with various types of vehicles and impact speeds. The aim of this research was to compare the predictions offered by computer simulation to those obtained using the empirical and classical theoretical models traditionally utilised in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction. Particular attention was paid to the pedestrian throw distance versus vehicle impact speed relationship and the determination of pedestrian injury patterns and associated severity. It was discovered that computer simulation offered improved pedestrian kinematic prediction in comparison to traditional vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction techniques. The superior kinematic prediction was found to result in a more reliable pedestrian throw distance versus vehicle impact speed relationship, particularly in regard to varying vehicle and pedestrian parameters such as shape, size and orientation. The pedestrian injury prediction capability of computer simulation was found to be very good for head and lower extremity injury determination. Such injury prediction capabilities were noted to be useful in providing additional correlation of vehicle impact speed predictions, whether these predictions were made using computer simulation, traditional vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction methods or a combination of both. A generalised approach to the use of computer simulation for the reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian accidents was also offered. It is hoped that this approach is developed and improved by other researchers so that over time guidelines for a standardised approach to the simulation of vehicle-pedestrian accidents might evolve. Thoracic injury prediction, particularly for frontal impacts, was found to be less than ideal. It is suspected that the relatively poor thoracic biofidelity stems from the development of pedestrian mathematical models from occupant mathematical models, which were in turn developed from cadaver and dummy tests. It is hoped that future research will result in improved thoracic biofidelity in human mathematical models.
7
Chang, Li-yen. "Nested logit analysis of vehicle occupancy and accident severity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10189.
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Anderson, Linda K. "Deer-Vehicle Accident Hotspots in Northwest Clackamas County, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4968.
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Road-kill of wildlife is common on Portland, Oregon's suburban fringe where development has increased road densities and traffic volume in rural areas. I identify the spatial and temporal patterns of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) deer-vehicle accidents (DVA) at the suburban/rural interface of developing northwest Clackamas County using deer carcass pickup reports for county maintained roads for 1997-2004 and Oregon Department of Transportation deer-vehicle accident reports for 1996-2004. No black-tailed deer DVA models exist in the literature.
DVA increased 121% from 1997 to 1999 followed by a 26% decline by 2004. The initial DVA increase appears related to population growth and development into rural areas, an increase in the average daily vehicle-trip distance, and deer immigration from public lands. The subsequent decline appears related to DVA-induced decreases in deer populations, year-around hunting permits, growing predator populations, and fawning habitat loss.
Temporal OVA patterns for black-tailed deer show a minor peak in June-July and a major peak in October-November. Forty-two percent of DVA occur during the rut/hunt months of September, October, and November. This pattern corresponds to the black-tail's annual cycle and resembles patterns reported for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Weekly DVA increased from a low on Sunday to a high on Friday and Saturday. DVA showed two daily peaks at 0500-0700 and 1800-2200, corresponding to dawn and dusk when deer activity is highest.
I identified 19 DVA hotspots with 16-27 DVA using CrimeStat III statistical clustering software. Hotspots occurring in rut/hunt months were separate from hotspots occurring in nonrut/nonhunt months. Similar to white-tailed and mule deer, black-tailed DVA hotspots commonly occurred where roads intersect or parallel water features, large forest blocks, and other areas of cover, or separate food sources from cover. Sixty-five percent of DVA occurred outside of hotspots with ≥ 10 DVA.
Deer-vehicle accidents have important ecological and economic costs and are frequent on northwest Clackamas County roads. Additional research supported by multi-agency carcass pickup repo1ting and the acquisition of precise DV A locations using a Global Positioning System (GPS) is needed to better identify wildlife movement corridors.
9
Schlüter, Philip John. "Identification of hazardous motor vehicle accident sites: some Bayesian considerations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8428.
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Appropriate hazardous accident site identification and discrimination is a fundamental difficulty that confronts traffic safety researchers. Readily employed Bayesian methods can redress this difficulty and are the focus of this thesis.
Accident analysis, including hazardous site identification, invariably requires the specification of some defined distributional function. However, several different distributions have been proposed to model traffic accidents, and so the most suitable model amongst these must be appropriately determined and selected.
Model selection should satisfactorily fulfill two requisite criteria; firstly, that the best model is discriminated, and secondly, that this best distribution adequately describes the data. To help satisfy these requirements we introduce the averaged Bayes factor, a new method that determines the best model from likely candidate distributions, and we propose a new Bayesian procedure that facilitates the quantitative assessment of model adequacy. In addition, a method quantifying the power of detecting model inadequacy is presented.
With the specification of an appropriate accident distribution, procedures facilitating hazardous site identification, ranking and selection are then proposed. These procedures are accomplished using the hierarchical Bayesian method and three intuitive quantitative strategies. Especially useful is a variation of the posterior probability that gives the probability each particular site is worst and by how much it is worst. All proposed techniques are illustrated using previously published accident data from 35 sites in Auckland, New Zealand.
10
James, Kimberly Mullen. "Measuring behavioral disruption in children who have been in motor vehicle accidents." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1118.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-73).
11
Vangronsveld, Karoline Lisette Helena. "By accident pain catastrophizing and fear of movement in patients with neck pain after a motor vehicle accident /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=9170.
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12
Henry, Kevin Claude. "Soft Surface Roll Mechanics Parameters for Light Vehicle Rollover Accident Reconstruction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1436.
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Light vehicle rollover accidents on soft surfaces can be modeled assuming constant drag with linear motion equations and other engineering principles. The concept of using segment average results to evaluate roll mechanics parameters throughout a roll sequence, and specifically, segment duration to evaluate vehicle trajectory between ground impacts is developed. The trajectory model is presented, explained and compared to values obtained by analyzing digital video of rollover crash tests. Detailed film analysis procedures are developed to obtain data from rollover crash tests that are not otherwise documented. Elevation of the center of gravity of vehicles is obtained where instrumentation does not explicitly yield this data. Instantaneous center of gravity elevation data throughout a roll sequence provides the opportunity to calculate descend distances as a vehicle travels from one ground contact to another. This data is used to quantify severity of ground impacts as a vehicle interact with the ground throughout a roll sequence. Segment average analysis is a reasonable method for determining general roll mechanics parameters. Because of the chaotic nature of rollover accidents, the range of effective drag factors for a given roll surface may be quite large. Choosing an average of typical drag factors is a reasonable approach for a first-order approximation although certain parameters may be predicted less accurately than if actual values were known. The trajectory results demonstrate the influence of drag factor descent height calculations. Typical constant drag factors tend to overestimate descent height early in a roll sequence and underestimate descent height later in the sequence. The trajectory model is a useful tool to aid in understanding rollover mechanics although a rolling vehicle may be in contact with the ground for a significant fraction of a roll segment. The model should not be used at locations in roll sequences where there are extremes in translational center of gravity decelerations. These extremes include the segments immediately following overturn where there are large angular accelerations and large differences between the tangential velocity of the vehicle perimeter and the translational velocity of the center of gravity, as well as segments that include vehicle impacts with irregular topography.
13
Liu, Kaiyu. "Estimation and Prediction of Average Vehicle Occupancies using Traffic Accident Records." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/47.
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As congestion management strategies begin to put more emphasis on person trips than vehicle trips, the need for vehicle occupancy data has become more critical. The traditional methods of collecting these data include the roadside windshield method and the carousel method. These methods are labor-intensive and expensive. An alternative to these traditional methods is to make use of the vehicle occupancy information in traffic accident records. This method is cost effective and may provide better spatial and temporal coverage than the traditional methods. However, this method is subject to potential biases resulting from under- and over-involvement of certain population sectors and certain types of accidents in traffic accident records. In this dissertation, three such potential biases, i.e., accident severity, driver¡¯s age, and driver¡¯s gender, were investigated and the corresponding bias factors were developed as needed. The results show that although multi-occupant vehicles are involved in higher percentages of severe accidents than are single-occupant vehicles, multi-occupant vehicles in the whole accident vehicle population were not overrepresented in the accident database. On the other hand, a significant difference was found between the distributions of the ages and genders of drivers involved in accidents and those of the general driving population. An information system that incorporates adjustments for the potential biases was developed to estimate the average vehicle occupancies (AVOs) for different types of roadways on the Florida state roadway system. A reasonableness check of the results from the system shows AVO estimates that are highly consistent with expectations. In addition, comparisons of AVOs from accident data with the field estimates show that the two data sources produce relatively consistent results. While accident records can be used to obtain the historical AVO trends and field data can be used to estimate the current AVOs, no known methods have been developed to project future AVOs. Four regression models for the purpose of predicting weekday AVOs on different levels of geographic areas and roadway types were developed as part of this dissertation. The models show that such socioeconomic factors as income, vehicle ownership, and employment have a significant impact on AVOs.
14
Fortin, Yannick. "An Assessment of the Effect of Multimorbidity on Motor-Vehicle Accident Risk." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36866.
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In North America, the last two decades saw continued increases in population multimorbidity across all age groups. This trend, which is expected to endure in the coming years, has been attributed in large part to population aging and unhealthy lifestyle choices. While the societal consequences of multimorbidity have focused primarily on the burden it imposes on the sustainability of health systems and the need to implement innovative ways to deliver care, latent costs, such as possible increases in motor-vehicle accidents (MVAs) have received relatively little attention. The principal objective of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and MVAs. To complement current knowledge on the topic, we conducted observational studies based on information recorded in electronic health records (EHR). The hypothesis that increasing levels of multimorbidity would translate into increasing risk of MVA was tested in both a general population of health care recipients and in persons with epilepsy, a subgroup of individuals predisposed to comorbidities and MVAs. To gain a better understanding of morbidity ascertainment in EHR data, preliminary validation studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Elixhauser comorbidity measures for predicting hospital mortality in our data source. A systematic review of risk factors contributing to the onset and progression of epilepsy was also performed in hopes of identifying elements that would help improve the methodological design of the principal thesis study limited to persons with epilepsy. Study results confirmed the excellent performance of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures for predicting hospital mortality in the Cerner Health Facts data repository. In the general health care recipient population, a positive exposure-outcome relationship was observed between multimorbidity and MVA risk. This relationship was consistent in adults across the lifespan and more pronounced in women than in men. In persons with epilepsy, the observed exposure-outcome relationship between multimorbidity and MVAs did not reach statistical significance. However, comorbid depression was identified as a risk factor for MVAs. Given increasing rates of multimorbidity in the general population, the findings of this thesis strongly support the need for replication and better characterization of the disease combinations that drive increases in MVA risk. Future work on this topic should also include estimates of MVA risk attributable to multimorbidity; this would inform and gauge the relevance of novel driving policies targeting individuals diagnosed with specific health conditions.
15
Miller, Lynn. "Social-cognitive process in posttraumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident survivors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9334.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela in those individuals who survive or witness an event such as a motor vehicle accident (MVA) that may threaten personal and interpersonal integrity. Yet, not all individuals who experience MVAs develop PTSD. It was hypothesized that MVA survivors who developed PTSD would evidence dysfunctional thinking characterized by maladaptive rules, assumptions, and interpretations, or schema specific to road traffic situations. Such dysfunctional thinking patterns were thought to be associated with individuals' perceptions of increased threat in road traffic situations and with PTSD in survivors of MVAs. The study also sought to explore the possible modifying effect that social interactional influences may have on maladaptive schema. In Study 1, a Motor Vehicle-Related Schema (MVRS) questionnaire was developed as A tool to tap the content of a potential dysfunctional thought process germane to road traffic situations. In Study 2, MVA survivors who developed PTSD were compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD. A group of injured workers and a community sample were used as control groups. The control groups allowed the researcher to address the question of specificity of maladaptive schema related to road traffic situations in the MVA PTSD group. Multiple measures were used to assess the presence or absence of PTSD. Participants in the MVA PTSD group endorsed significantly higher levels of dysfunctional and maladaptive cognitions specific to road traffic situations than did all other participant groups. Given that other factors might influence this type of thought process, a number of other variables were examined. The findings remained robust even after adjustment for: (a) persistent dysfunctional schemas tapping general personal and interpersonal vulnerability, (b) subjective pain, and (c) self-reported depression. In addition, MVA survivors who developed PTSD, compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, reported significantly lower levels of perceived beneficial social interactions. However, these findings became non-significant after adjustment for subjective pain and self-reported depression. Overall, the findings suggest that MVA survivors who developed PTSD organized and interpreted stimuli relevant to road traffic situations in ways that were fundamentally different from MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, injured workers and a community sample. More specifically, participants in the MVA PTSD group tended to interpret road traffic situations as more threatening than did participants in the other groups in this study. The perception of lower levels of beneficial social interactions appear to be associated more with heightened levels of distress, pain, and depression than with PTSD. This investigation demonstrates that it is possible to tap into maladaptive schemas using a self-report measure. Consistent with cognitive-behavioral clinical protocols for MVA survivors with PTSD, these results support the notion that specific dysfunctional or maladaptive cognitions appear to characterize MVA survivors with PTSD. A better understanding of dysfunctional schemas specific to road traffic situations, gleaned through further research, may be of some benefit in attenuating or managing symptoms of PTSD in WA survivors. Although the injured workers were not the focus of this research, many of the participants in this group met the classification for PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This finding suggests that clinical screening and further research for PTSD in injured workers might also be warranted.
16
Eketone, Anaru D., and anaru eketone@stonebow otago ac nz. "Tapuwae: waka as a vehicle for community action." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.134015.
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Waka have a special place in the heart of many Maaori. The waka that brought the ancestors of the Maaori to Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu are valued symbols of identity, both culturally and metaphorically. With the effects of colonisation the use of waka as a means of transport disappeared leaving it to re-emerge in the 20th century as a symbol of the revitalisation of Maaori society. Through the construction of waka-taua, ocean going waka and the emergence of waka-ama as a sport, Maaori have endeavoured to reclaim their association to the seas and waterways of New Zealand.
This research is a case study of Tupuwae, a kaupapa Maaori injury prevention project using traditional Maaori concepts regarding waka and applying it to a contemporary context. Tapuwae have used this attachment of Maaori to different forms of waka to associate the message of not drinking and driving using purpose-built waka-ama in the southern part of Te Waipounamu.
This research identifies some of the wider outcomes that come from a kaupapa Maaori project, but, more importantly it identifies some of the processes that are important in implementing such a project by Maaori living in Otago, outside their tribal boundaries.
This research also raises questions about the theoretical underpinnings of kaupapa Maaori theory and argues that there are two threads to this approach, one from a critical theory informed approach and the other from a native theory approach.
Key words:Waka, Community Action, Community Development, Kaupapa Maaori, Maaori Development, Maaori Advancement, Native Theory.
17
Milton, John Calvin. "Generalized extreme value and mixed logit models : empirical applications to vehicle accident severities /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10152.
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Wei, Wei. "Investigating blunt aortic rupture mechanisms in motor vehicle crash accidents : the role of intra-aortic pressure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0688/document.
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L’aorte est une artère majeure et la rupture de l’aorte (RA) est la lésion la plus commune parmi les larges vaisseaux. Une RA est détectée dans 10 à 15% des cas mortels liés aux accidents de voiture et constitue la cause secondaire des morts consécutives aux chocs traumatiques associés à ces accidents. Les mécanismes variés de RA (éclatement soudain de l’aorte, la contrainte des structures osseuses, le « coup de bélier » et la combinaison de ces mécanismes) peuvent être considérés comme une combinaison de deux types de contributions : la distraction aortique et la pression aortique.L’objectif de ce travail de doctorat est d’étudier les mécanismes liés aux RAs dans les accidents de voitures en se focalisant sur les mécanismes associés à la pression intra-aortique. Le travail est organisé en quatre parties : 1) quantifier la réponse aortique sous des conditions de chargement physiologiques, 2) identifier la nécessité de considérer la pression intra-aortique dans les RA associés aux accidents, 3) développer un modèle d’éléments finis incluant la contribution des mécanisme de lésions et 4) et finalement étudier le mécanisme de RA avec le modèle nouvellement développéBlunt aortic rupture (BAR) is the second leading cause of death following blunt trauma in motor vehicle crash accidents (MVCAs). Aortic distraction was postulated to be a primary BAR mechanism, but intra-aortic pressure effect on BAR is controversial. Previous finite element (FE) simulations did not simultaneously study the BAR mechanisms of the two contribution sources. Therefore, the BAR mechanisms remain to be ascertained under the effects of physiological intra-aortic pressure and intra-thoracic interactions during MVCAs.Our objective is to investigate BAR mechanisms in MVCAs with a focus on intra-aortic pressure. The work is organized: 1) to quantify aortic responses under cardiac function, 2) to identify the necessity of considering intra-aortic pressure, 3) to develop a FE model including both injury contribution sources and 4) to investigate BAR mechanism during MVCA with the new model. The aortic responses under cardiac loadings should be considered for BAR. Intra-aortic pressure could induce a significant BAR risk. BAR in MVCA resulted from a combined mechanism with aortic stretch and intra-aortic pressure as the primary and secondary cause
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Moorhouse, Kevin Michael. "Determination of a Whiplash Injury Severity Estimator (WISE Index) for Occupants in a Motor Vehicle Accident." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36814.
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The diagnosis of a whiplash injury is a very subjective process. A claim of this type of injury is usually made on the basis of pain, which may or may not be accompanied by clinical signs of trauma. This study was aimed at providing a more objective, quantitative approach to identifying the potential for whiplash injury in a directfront-or-rear-end automobile collision.
The Whiplash Injury Severity Estimator (WISE Index) was created using data obtained from Dr. Schneck's personal library of case files, including the collisionacceleration of the vehicle, and the height, weight, and sex of the occupant. Some extrapolated data was also used representing the low and high ranges of height, weight, and collision acceleration to increase the range of the WISE Index. Data was analyzed by the Dynaman computer program in conjunction with the Articulated Total Body Model, to calculate the response of the body to external forces and impacts. The dynamic response of the occupant, combined with preexisting medical statistics provided the information necessary to perform a regression analysis in MINITAB and thus construct the WISE Indices shown below.
Male WISE Index (R² = 0.993)
£ = 0.2643 ± 0.4071 |(accel,g)| -0.01428(PI)
1.1g<=accel<=5g; 22.4<=PI<=25.0
Female WISE Index (R² = 0.978)
£ = 0.6214 ± 0.3429 |(accel,g)| -0.02929(PI)
0.8g<=accel<=5g; 22.3<=PI<=31.0
Acceleration: Use the negative sign if it is a rear-end collision and the positive sign if it is a head-on collision.
£ : A negative value means that potential injury results from backward head rotation, as in a rear-end collision. A positive value means that potential injury results from forward head rotation, as in a head-on collision.
|£ | < 1 = " Safe "
|£ | > 1 = " Dangerous "
The WISE Index allows one to predict the potential for a whiplash injury, as well as the intensity of the injury, based solely on collision acceleration, height, weight, and sex of the occupant. It is anticipated that this work and future efforts in this area will provide the information base necessary for anyone to effectively evaluate the validity of an alleged whiplash injury.
Master of Science
20
Chu, Lai-yee. "Coping, appraisal and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in motor vehicle accidents (MVA)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210328.
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Nilarat, Premmanisakul Pratap Singhasivanon. "Risk factors of mortality associated with motor vehicle accidents in Saraburi province /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-NilaratP.pdf.
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Birol, Askim Sevinc. "Predictor Variables Of Psychological Distress And Perceived Growth Following Motor Vehicle Accidents." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605165/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to examine the predictor variables of psychological distress and perceived growth among the survivors of motor vehicle accidents. Demographic characteristics as pre-accident variables, cognitive appraisals of the accident as accident related factors, coping strategies and social support as post-accident variables were used as predictors of distress and perceived growth. 200 adults (142 males and 58 females, ages between 18 and 65) participated in the study. Data was collected by a questionnaire which consisted of four parts. Three trained interviewers who were undergraduate psychology students, administered the questionaire individually. The first part examined on socio-demographic variables. The second part explored variables related to the accident, such as the status of the survivor as driver or non-driver, existence of injury or death to others in the accident, treatment after the accident, duration of hospitalization. The third part focused on the subject&rsquos accident related appraisals such as perceived level of responsibility, fear, helplessness, danger, thinking of death to oneself or others, sense of control, perceived level of injury severity. The fourth part contained five scales. Psychological distress was assessed by Impact of Event Scale (IES). Coping strategies were assessed by Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). Stress Related Growth Scale (SRGS) was used to examine perceived growth. Social support was assessed via Social Support Scale and Depression scores of the participants were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. The results revealed that the present sample was moderately distressed. The current distress level was significantly related to perceived growth. The general distress level was predicted by age, perceived threat and helplessness coping. Considering intrusive symptoms, age, not having social security entitlement, depression, perceived threat and helplessness coping were found to be significant predictors. Considering avoidant symptoms, years of education, depression and fatalistic coping were found to be significant predictors. Not having an insurance policy, perceived threat, optimistic/problem solving coping and fatalistic coping were found to be significant predictors of percieved growth following motor vehicle accident. The findings are discussed within psychological distress and perceived growth. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and clinical implications are proposed.
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Edwards, Ethel Ann. "A guide to implementing and evaluating a vocational rehabilitation counselling program for individuals injured in motor vehicle accidents in Newfoundland and Labrador." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36115.pdf.
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Sebela, Refilwe Precious Stephina. "The experiences of emergency medical care practitioners (EMCP) after exposure to fatal motor vehicle accident scenes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60421.
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Although many international sources in literature describe the stress experienced by emergency workers, very few actually evaluate the experiences of emergency medical care practitioners and the care that is offered, and whether it is beneficial to and supportive of an optimal level of health. The researcher initiated this study with the specific goal of exploring the experiences of Emergency Medical Care Practitioners after exposure to fatal motor vehicle accident scenes. The research will constitute an initial exploration of possible factors related to the daily work exposure of EMCPs and will thus explore and describe the situation broadly.
By exploring the experiences of these EMCPs it is hoped that insight may be gained into factors influencing their experiences and behaviour and the attainment of successful working environments. The information that was gathered has been incorporated into the writing of recommendations for Emergency Medical Service towards the improvement of EMCPs.
The objectives of the study are:
? to describe the field of practice of EMCPs, their constant exposure to trauma and the phenomenon of fatal motor vehicle accident scenes;
? to explore the experiences of EMCPs of fatal motor vehicle accident scenes;
? to determine EMCPs' experience of their constant exposure to trauma and its effect on their daily functioning;
? to explore the experiences and awareness of EMCPs of current EAP services; and to formulate recommendations for EAP support services to EMCPs regarding their exposure to trauma and specifically to fatal motor vehicle accident scenes.
A qualitative approach guided the research process of gathering detailed data that is rich in context, in which nine one-on-one semi-structured interviews were held with Emergency Medical Care Practitioners. This study was conducted in an Emergency Services station in Gauteng, South Africa.
The bio-psychosocial approach was used in this study as an appropriate theoretical framework. This approach views health and wellness as the result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors, hence all three components should be taken into consideration when the illness, or rather the holistic wellness, of an individual is assessed. In this study, the case study design was used, specifically the collective case study, in order to study various participants. The unit of analysis comprised all EMCPs in the field of the Emergency Medical Care Division in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality who had experienced being on the scene of a fatal motor vehicle accident. Non-probability volunteer sampling was specifically employed, which meant that participants chose whether they wished to participate in the study or not, so as not to feel obliged or coerced. It was found to be the best method to use, as participants were known to one another and encouraged one another to become involved in the study. The researcher made use of semi-structured one-on-one interviews which were voice recorded in order to gain a detailed picture of the participants' experiences after being exposed to fatal motor vehicle accident scenes. The interviews were transcribed and subsequently analysed using the steps set out by Creswell (2004:155).
Trustworthiness was considered a primary means to ensure rigour in qualitative research without any concomitant sacrifice of relevance. The researcher employed the constructs of credibility and dependability in order to ensure trustworthiness in this research. Trustworthiness is established when findings reflect as closely as possible the meanings described by the participants. Member checking and peer debriefing were the strategies that the researcher used to support the argument that the researcher's findings are worth paying attention to. Compliance with ethical principles was crucial to the researcher. Before the research commenced, letters of approval were obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria and the City of Tshwane: Research and Innovation. Ethical principles governing the manner in which the research was conducted were also observed, as the study involved human subjects and the researcher aimed to protect the participants. The following ethical considerations were relevant to this study: no harm to participants, informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, debriefing and release or publication of findings.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
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Šafránek, Štěpán. "Posouzení nákladů na vyproštění nákladního vozidla nad 18t hmotnosti po nehodě na dálnici speciálním vyprošťovacím vozidlem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241265.
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The diploma thesis deals with the cost assessment of the rescue of vehicles over 18 tonnes of weight after a traffic accident on a motorway. It analyzes the factors which influence the cost of vehicle rescue and on their basis it sets out the methodology for calculating the unit price for one hour of work of emergency rescue vehicles.
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Sedlák, Vít. "Vztah rychlosti jízdy vozidla a následků dopravních nehod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232863.
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This diploma thesis deals with relation between car velocity and the impacts od traffic accidents. The basic keywords are described in the first part of the thesis and legislative regulations follow in the second chapter. The third and the fourth chapters introduce particular sanctions and statistics concerning the Czech Republic and they are compared to foreign countries. The influence of active safety on traffic accidents consequences is solved in the next part of the thesis. Subsequent figures and tables containing diffrent parametres are provided to demonstrate the relations between various crash car speed and particular braking distances. The tables also present mutual relations between rising initial velocity and changes in a numbers. The seventh chapter analyses a few selected case studies of real accidents and the final chapter focuses on individual relations between velocity and its impacts.
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Brabie, Dan. "On the Influence of Rail Vehicle Parameters on the Derailment Process and its Consequences." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-242.
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Fischer, Beth Ann. "A PROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION OF URINARY STRESS HORMONES AND PTSD SYMPTOMS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT TO POST-TRAUMA RECOVERY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1194966805.
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Kim, Yong-Seok. "Effects of Driver, Vehicle, and Environment Characteristics on Collision Warning System Design." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1121.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of driver, vehicle, and environment characteristics on Collision Warning System (CWS) design. One hypothesis was made that the capability of collision avoidance would not be same among a driver, vehicle, and environment group with different characteristics. Accident analysis and quantitative analysis was used to examine this hypothesis in terms of ‘risk’ and ‘safety margin’ respectively. Rear-end collision had a stronger focus in the present study.
As a result of accident analysis, heavy truck showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents than car and light truck. Also, dry road surface compared to wet or snow, dark condition compared to daylight condition, straight road compared to curved road, level road compared to grade, crest or sag, roadway having more than 5 travel lanes compared to roadway having 2, 3 or 4 travel lanes showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents. Relative rear-end accidents involvement proportion compared to the other types of collision was used as a measure of susceptibility.
As a result of quantitative analysis, a significant difference in terms of Required Minimum Warning Distance (RMWD) was made among a different vehicle type and braking system group. However, relatively small difference was made among a different age, gender group in terms of RMWD. Based on the result, breaking performance of vehicle should be regarded as an input variable in the design of CWS, specifically warning timing criteria, was concluded.
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Lalanda, Rafaela Bartolomeu Nogueira. "Atropelamentos em canídeos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1008.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária. 67 p.Apresenta-se um estudo transversal, que incluiu 80 canídeos vítimas de atropelamento, presentes na Clínica Veterinária Azevet entre Janeiro de 2005 e Janeiro de 2008. Este trabalho teve como objectivo conhecer as circunstâncias que envolvem os atropelamentos de canídeos, nomeadamente quais as potenciais situações de risco. Destes, 48 eram machos e 32 eram fêmeas, com idades compreendidas entre os 2 meses e os 16 anos (média 5,1 anos). A maioria dos cães eram de raça indeterminada (65%) e os restantes pertenciam a 18 raças diferentes (35%). Foi durante o Outono que ocorreram mais atropelamentos (25/80, 31,3%), sendo Março e Novembro os meses com mais acidentes (10 cada um). Registou-se uma maior concentração entre as 19 e as 21 horas (17, 21,3%). A 3ª e a 6ª feira foram os dias com maior número de atropelamentos (15, 18,9% cada um). Quanto à luminosidade, 47/77 (61%) ocorreram durante o dia e 30/77 (39%) durante a noite. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreram na via pública (69/80, 86,3%) e destes 62/69 (89,9%) tiveram lugar junto a casa. Tinham livre acesso à rua 16/80 (20%) animais. Foram atropelados em propriedade privada 11/80 (13,8%) canídeos, tendo em todos estes casos, sido levado a cabo pelos proprietários. Existia história prévia de atropelamento em 4 (5%) animais. A trela nunca era utilizada em 40 (50%) canídeos, 30 só a utilizavam esporadicamente e 10 disseram utilizá-la sempre. Na altura do acidente 42 (52,5%) animais estavam acompanhados pelo proprietário, enquanto que 31 (38,8%) estavam sozinhos. Os restantes 7 (8,8%) estavam acompanhados por outras pessoas que não o dono. Em 30 (37,5%) casos, os proprietários reportaram a fuga dos animais previamente ao acidente. Os principais factores de risco assentam no facto das disposições legais em vigor não serem cumpridas no que diz respeito às medidas de contenção a utilizar nos espaços públicos, nomeadamente o uso de trela, e a proibição de os animais vaguearem sozinhos na rua. Assim sendo, os planos de prevenção devem incluir uma forte vertente de educação dos proprietários, associado a uma acção fiscalizadora e punitiva dos infractores.
ABSTRACT - DOGS HIT BY MOTOR VEHICLES - A cross-sectional study of dogs hit by motor vehicles, presented at veterinary clinic Azevet, between January of 2005 and January of 2008 was conducted with the objective of knowing the characteristics involving this kind of accident, namely the potential risk factors. From the 80 dogs observed, 48 were male and 32 female. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years (mean age, 5,1 years). Most animals were crossbreds (65%) and the rest were purebreds (35%) comprising 18 different breeds. A larger number of cases occurred in the Fall (25/80, 31,3%). March and November (10 each) and Tuesday and Friday (17 each) were the months and days with more accidents. Most accidents took place between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. (21,3%) and during the day (61%). 86,3% of accidents happened in public streets, most of them near home (89.9%). 20% of the dogs had free access to the exterior. The remaining of the animals were ran over by their owners in private property (11/80, 13,8%). Four dogs had a previous history of this kind of accident. 40 of the dogs studied never wore a leash, 30 used it sporadically and only 10 were said to use it always. At the time of the accident 42 (52,5%) animals were accompanied by their owner, 31 (38,8%) were alone, and 7 (8,8%) were with someone other than the owner. Although none of them were wearing a leash at the time of the accident, 13/80 (16,3%) owners reported that their dogs had taken the leash of loose shortly before the accident. The main risk factors identified in this study were the non-compliance with leash laws, and the existence of free-roaming dogs, animals allowed to roam in public unsupervised and unaccompanied by their owners. Therefore any prevention plan should include a strong component of owner education, associated with more efficient control and punishment of noncompliers.
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Slepánek, Petr. "Komplexní systém pro analýzu silničních nehod typu střet vozidla s motocyklem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234310.
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The thesis describes the problems of a complex system for analysis of road accidents, specifically the methodology for solving the collision between vehicle and motorcycle. There are statistics described motorcycle accidents, motorcycle safety features, the basic types of collision positions between vehicles and motorcycles, design methodology for solving with traffic accidents between vehicles and motorcycles. The work is performed a set of different measurements used to supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles. The work contains data obtained from measurements.
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Viljoen, Jacoba Hendrika. "Seat Belt Fit a Mechanism of Injury During a Motor Vehicle Crash." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5954.
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Seat belts save lives; however, unintentional injuries are still the leading cause of death for those between 1 and 44 years in the United States. Seat belts also cause injuries during motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and obesity changes how seat belts fit. The purpose of this retrospective causal inference quantitative study was to reduce the knowledge gap in scholarly research on seat belt fit in relation to blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) during MVCs and seat belt compliance. The theoretical framework used was based on H.W. Heinrich's domino theory. The research questions focused on the following dependent variables: BCVI, compliance, and seat belt fit; and independent variables: the size of the individual and seat belt fit. Secondary and primary data were used and analyzed using Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation. The results yielded no relationship between seat belt fit and BCVI in the secondary data (n = 97). In the primary data (n = 138), there was significance found between seatbelt fit and a) seat belt use, and b) BMI. The study contributed to positive social change by enhancing the awareness of the knowledge deficit regarding seat belt fit, and BCVIs sustained during MVCs, and that comfort was influenced by seat belt fit and had a role in compliance. Seat belts were not used by 5.3% and 9.5% or used incorrectly by 3.2% and 2.9% of the people in the primary data and secondary data sets. This knowledge may contribute to a) future seat belt testing to ensure it is done in such a manner that seat belts fit everyone; b) new seat belt laws to ensure that they are consistent across all states, and c) medical care focusing on seat belt fit as a mechanism of injury (blunt) to ensure screenings are done with the appropriate diagnostic tools.
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Dancer, Sumari Constance. "Sensitivity and specificity of thoracic radiography relative to computed tomography in dogs affected by blunt trauma caused by a motor vehicle accident." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77395.
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Thoracic injuries caused by blunt trauma are commonly encountered emergencies in veterinary medicine. However, no literature exists comparing radiography to computed tomography (CT) in blunt thoracic trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents in canine patients. The aim of this prospective case series was to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of thoracic radiography relative to CT for detecting lung contusions, pneumothorax, pleural effusion and rib fractures. The study further aimed to establish a severity scoring system for radiography and CT and to compare the findings between the two modalities. The hypothesis was that radiography would be less sensitive than CT at detecting these injuries and that radiography would underestimate the severity of lung contusions compared to CT. Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Radiography underestimated the presence of lung contusions (Se = 69%, 95% Confidence interval (CI)) and overestimated the severity of the contusions relative to CT. There was also high interobserver variability in evaluating lung contusion severity (coefficient of variation = 91%). Both the three-view thoracic and horizontal beam radiography had poor sensitivities for the detection of pneumothorax (Se = 19% and 63% respectively) and pleural effusions (Se = 43% and 71% respectively). Similarly, the sensitivity (56%) of three-view thoracic radiographs for the detection of rib fractures was poor relative to CT. To conclude, three-view thoracic radiography had low sensitivity for pathology related to blunt thoracic trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents and CT could be considered as an additional diagnostic imaging modality in these patients.Dissertation (MMedVet (Diagnostic Imaging))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
MMedVet (Diagnostic Imaging)
Unrestricted
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Bennett, Katharine D. "Spatial Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents in Johnson City, Tennessee, as Reported to Washington County Emergency Communications District (911)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1778.
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This study spatially analyzes emergency 911 call-for-service records from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2009 for motor vehicle accidents inside the corporate limits of Johnson City, Tennessee. Records were compared according to the land use classification for adjacent properties, roadway type, and traffic signal proximity. Data were evaluated through ArcGIS software using proximity analysis, point pattern analysis, and hotspot analysis.
Motor vehicle accidents evaluated during this study consist of accident locations reported to the Washington County Emergency Communications District concerning property damage, personal injury, and fatalities. Results indicate localized areas with the highest number of traffic accidents contain the most motor vehicle injury accidents. Twice as many motor vehicle accidents occur near commercial properties compared to residential properties. Motor vehicle accidents are more likely to occur on arterial thoroughfares. Approximately 40% of injury accidents happen at roadway intersections, with 22% occurring at signalized intersections.
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Hamdan, Huda. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Fatality Rates from Motor Vehicle Crashes: An Analysis from a Behavioral and Cultural Perspective." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2984.
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Ethnic/racial minorities in the United States are overrepresented in fatalities from motor vehicle crashes (MVC). Growing evidence indicates that there are differences among racial/ethnic groups in risk of involvement in fatal crashes. Based on previous research, numerous factors may be involved in high racial/ethnic fatality rates from MVCs, including failure to use safety equipment, driving while under the influence of alcohol/drug, red light running, and speeding. Using data from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) and the FR300P Police Crash Report, this project explores differences in variables associated with traffic safety behavior and traffic law obedience between non-White and White road users (drivers, passengers, and pedestrians). Results indicate that there is a significant association between race/ethnicity and driving while under the influence of alcohol/drugs (DUI). Those endeavoring to develop more effective traffic safety prevention and education programs may consider the effect of social/cultural factors in future efforts.
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Hejsková, Veronika. "Analýza vlivu pevných překážek v blízkosti pozemní komunikace na průběh dopravní nehody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232855.
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This thesis named Analysis of the impact of fixed obstacles near roads on the course of traffic accidents deals with the diversification of fixed obstacles near the roads, brief theory of road accidents, possible consequences and shows statistics of road accidents with a fixed obstacle. The aim is to perform analysis of real traffic accidents with a fixed obstacle with serious consequences for health, life and property and with the help of a computer simulation software to analyze the same accident again, but for the condition if the fixed obstacle was removed. Finally, the consequences of accidents are compared, the analysis are evaluated and the proposed measures to eliminate the consequences are assessed.
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Poldrack, Andreas, Andreas Maercker, Jürgen Margraf, Daniela Kloten, J. M. Gavlik, and Hans Zwipp. "Posttraumatische Belastungssymptomatik und Gedankenkontrollstrategien bei Verkehrsunfallopfern." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132899.
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In einer längsschnittlichen Untersuchung wurden 64 Patienten der unfallchirurgischen Abteilung einer Universitätsklinik 10 Tage und 3 Monate nach einem Verkehrsunfall untersucht. Erhoben wurden die posttraumatische Belastungssymptomatik und Gedankenkontrollstrategien. Zum ersten Untersuchungszeitpunkt (10 Tage) zeigt sich eine der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTB) äquivalente Belastungssymptomatik bei 14,1% und nach 3 Monaten eine PTB-Prävalenz von 39,1%. Es zeigen sich Zusammenhänge zwischen einigen Gedankenkontrollstrategien und PTB-Symptomatik nach 10 Tagen und, in schwächerer Ausprägung auch nach 3 Monaten. Im Ergebnis einer explorativen Auswertung zeigt sich, daß insbesondere die Strategien «Ablenkung» und «Sorgen» eine relevante Rolle im Zusammenhang mit der PTB-Symptomatik spielenIn a longitudinal survey 64 inpatients of an emergency clinic were examined 1 week as well as 3 months after a motor vehicle accident. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and strategies of thought control were assessed. Ten days after the accident, a posttraumatic stress symptomatology is observable in 14.1% of patients, 3 months after the accident the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 39.1%. Strategies of thought control are correlated with posttraumatic symptomatology 10 days after the accident and after 3 months. The result of an explorative data analysis shows an important role of the control strategies ’distraction’ and ’worry’ in correlation with posttraumatic stress symptoms
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Vostrejž, Jan. "Vliv moderních prvků pasivní bezpečnosti na ochranu posádky vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232626.
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Thesis in the field of passive safety problems, traffic accidents and health outcomes of participants in road traffic accidents is aimed, inter alia, to create an overview of modern passive safety elements especially cars. The work deals with elements of the passive safety system and the impact on the crew vehicle. It describes the principle of operation, especially airbags, safety belts, belt pretensioner and it includes solution of limiters tensioning force in the safety belt and other elements that have the task of reducing the consequences of a traffic accident. The use of modern elements of passive safety provides increased protection for the crew and eliminates the formation injuries crew. The technical issue is therefore closely related to the healthcare industry and in particular the Court of medicine in the field of personal injury in relation to the types and characters of incidents, or by applying of the safety elements. There are also shown the actual road accidents in which were killed or injured members of crew with an analysis of the mechanism of injury with the use or non-use of safety elements.
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Poldrack, Andreas, Andreas Maercker, Jürgen Margraf, Daniela Kloten, J. M. Gavlik, and Hans Zwipp. "Posttraumatische Belastungssymptomatik und Gedankenkontrollstrategien bei Verkehrsunfallopfern." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27477.
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In einer längsschnittlichen Untersuchung wurden 64 Patienten der unfallchirurgischen Abteilung einer Universitätsklinik 10 Tage und 3 Monate nach einem Verkehrsunfall untersucht. Erhoben wurden die posttraumatische Belastungssymptomatik und Gedankenkontrollstrategien. Zum ersten Untersuchungszeitpunkt (10 Tage) zeigt sich eine der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTB) äquivalente Belastungssymptomatik bei 14,1% und nach 3 Monaten eine PTB-Prävalenz von 39,1%. Es zeigen sich Zusammenhänge zwischen einigen Gedankenkontrollstrategien und PTB-Symptomatik nach 10 Tagen und, in schwächerer Ausprägung auch nach 3 Monaten. Im Ergebnis einer explorativen Auswertung zeigt sich, daß insbesondere die Strategien «Ablenkung» und «Sorgen» eine relevante Rolle im Zusammenhang mit der PTB-Symptomatik spielen.In a longitudinal survey 64 inpatients of an emergency clinic were examined 1 week as well as 3 months after a motor vehicle accident. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and strategies of thought control were assessed. Ten days after the accident, a posttraumatic stress symptomatology is observable in 14.1% of patients, 3 months after the accident the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 39.1%. Strategies of thought control are correlated with posttraumatic symptomatology 10 days after the accident and after 3 months. The result of an explorative data analysis shows an important role of the control strategies ’distraction’ and ’worry’ in correlation with posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Kapasný, Martin. "Využití záměrných poškození vozidel v soudním inženýrství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233150.
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This diploma thesis deals with creating a database of intentional damages of motor vehicles by selected tools and their documentation. Used tools can by often found in any household or workshop. First part describes how insurance and settlement of claim works. Next part deals with insurance frauds and in the third part damages are sorted into categories. Following part describes damages that incurred in actual traffic accidents and closures whether their were insurance frauds or not, and the susequent part is the creating of intentional damages and their processing into a database. In the end i tis described how such a database is an asset for forensic engineering.
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Svoboda, Petr. "Vyhodnocení zásahů jednotek Hasičského záchranného sboru ČR k dopravním nehodám v regionu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232799.
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The dissertation deals with the road accident interventions carried out by Fire fighting units and emphasizes average adjustments as well as the problems of forensic engineering. Within the Southern Moravia region, it analyses the statistical data of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Czech Republic with relation to the road accident interventions, and it analyses the position of the individual units of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Southern Moravia in the above system. The dissertation discusses relation between the forensic engineering and the Fire Rescue Brigade of Czech Republic and stresses the possibilities of cooperation.
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Krejčí, Tomáš. "Vyhodnocení příčin dopravních nehod vozidel Hasičského záchranného sboru Jihomoravského kraje v letech 2001-2012." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233048.
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This thesis deals with the evaluation of the causes of traffic accidents of the Fire and Rescue Service vehicles of the South Moravian Region in 2001-2012. Based on the data and information traffic accidents are comprehensively evaluated and measures are proposed to reduce accidents. The processed material can serve to provide expert services in solving the analysis of traffic accidents.
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Edwards, Dustin L. Bevly David M. "Parameter estimation techniques for determining safe vehicle speeds in UGVs." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Mechanical_Engineering/Thesis/Edwards_Dustin_24.pdf.
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Novotný, Václav. "Analýza dokumentace skutečných poškození vozidel při dopravních nehodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232493.
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This diploma thesis deals with a comprehensive analysis of the photographic documentation of vehicle damage in traffic accidents. A systematic overview of the current documentation and included inspection is carried out in the analysis. Police records are compared with records made during the crash tests. Further, the documentation in this thesis is divided into two groups of conflicts. The representative of the accidents are described in detail and then evaluated. Similarly, this procedure is practiced on other car accident that reflect the mutual deformation. The result of this thesis is to determine the optimal location of the lens for the acquisition of documentation and establishing a baseline number of photos to document damage to the vehicle after the traffic accident.
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Rao, Sughosh J. "Development of a Hardware in the Loop Simulation System for Heavy Truck ESC Evaluation and Trailer Parameter and State Estimation." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374154113.
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Moustafa, Moustafa. "Fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16308.
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Motor vehicle accidents are statistically the major cause of accidental severe injuries for pregnant women and fetuses fatality. Volunteers, post mortem human surrogates, anthropomorphic crash test devices and computational occupant models are used to improve human safety in motor vehicle accidents. However, due to the ethical issues, pregnant women and their fetuses cannot be used as volunteers or post mortem human surrogates to investigate the effects of crashes on them. The only anthropomorphic test device representing pregnant women is very limited in design and lacks a fetus. There is no computational pregnant occupant model with a fetus other than 'Expecting'. This thesis focuses on understanding the risk of placental abruption for pregnant drivers involved in road accidents, hence assessing the risk to fetus fatality. An extensive review of existing models in general and pregnant women models in particular is reported. The time line of successive development of crash test dummies and their positive effect on automotive passive safety design are examined. 'Expecting', the computational pregnant occupant model with a finite element uterus and a multibody fetus, is used in this research to determine the strain levels in the uteroplacental interface. External factors, such as the effect of restraint systems and crash speeds are considered. Internal factors, such as the effect of placental location in the uterus, and the inclusion and exclusion of a fetus are investigated. The head of the multibody fetus is replaced with a deformable head model to investigate the effects of a deformable fetus head on strain levels. The computational pregnant driver model with a fetus offers a more realistic representation of the response to crash impact hence provides a useful tool to investigate fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. Seat belt, airbag and steering wheel interact directly with the pregnant abdomen and play an important role on fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. The results prove that the use of a three-point seat belt with the airbag offer the greatest protection to the fetus for frontal crash impacts. The model without a fetus underestimates the strain levels. The outcome of this research should assist automobile manufacturers to address the potential safety issues at the design level.
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Famojuro, Oluwaseun O., Mathew Leonard, Megan Quinn, and Bracken J. Burns. "Patient Outcome from Nontraditional Motorized Vehicle Accidents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/81.
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INTRODUCTION
There have been little literature between the effect of patient’s ages and health outcome from nontraditional motor vehicle accidents (NMVA). These accidents are known as not car or motorcycle or truck accidents on the highways. This study examined the effect of NMVA and age on outcome of adult patients treated at the Johnson City Medical Center for over 7 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was approved by the office for the protection of human research projects of East Tennessee State University. A total of 468 patients aged >18 years involved in motorized vehicle accidents other than traditional cars, trucks or motorcycles from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. Electronic health data of trauma patients was obtained from the Johnson City Medical Center trauma department registry. Patients were selected if primary reason for admission was injury due to nontraditional motorized vehicle (snow mobiles, lawn mowers, all-terrain vehicles (ATV’s), machinery- industrial or agricultural, and any other nontraditional motorized vehicle that was not a car or truck or motorcycle.
The study design was observational (cross sectional survey). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) and Tenth Edition (ICD-10) were used to obtain parameters for the study. The study parameters include Age Length of stay (LOS) Total length of stay in the ICU Total ventilator days Injury severity score (ISS) Mechanism of injury
The health data and medical information were kept private, secured and safeguarded.
The patients were split into three groups, ages 18 – 60 (study group 1), ages 61-89 (study group 2), and ages 90+ (study group 3).Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to compare means and analyze each study parameters between the study groups. Finally, a comparison was done between study groups 1 and 2 of patients involved in ATV accidents using the same categories. Other NMVA such as lawn mower, machinery were not analyzed based on few fatalities. The analysis was done using SPSS, SAS v9.4.
RESULTS
There were a total of 468 observed patients, 18 died and 450 survived. Out of the 18 patients that died, 12 were in study group one while 6 were study group two. Of the 450 that survived, 5 were discharged to an acute care facility, 363 home or self-care (routine discharge), 40 in a rehabilitation facility (inpatient), 38 in skilled nursing facility. Overall the tests show that there was no difference between the groups observed except when comparing the total length of stay and total ICU days among patients in the study group 1 that were involved in all accidents. (Total ICU days P= 0.0028, total length of stay P= 0.003). The patients who survived on average spent 3 days longer in the hospital and 1 day longer in the Intensive care unit.
CONCLUSION
The patient outcome from nontraditional accident differs only by length of hospital stay and total ICU days among patients between ages 18 -60. Further longitudinal studies will help to identify other reasons for prolong stay in the hospital.
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Van, Schoor Ockert. "Mechanical failures a contributing cause to motor vehicle accidents." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30484.
Full textAbstract:
The casualty rate of road vehicle accidents in South Africa is one of the highest in the world. This trend has persisted with little variation over the years, despite the efforts of local road safety organisations and research institutions to decrease them. Some of these road vehicle accidents are due to a mechanical failure of the vehicle. The main goal of this study is to establish how high the incidence of mechanical failure is in these accidents. And further to assess if these percentages of mechanical failures do coincide with trends already indicated nationally as well as internationally. Detailed information on the condition of vehicles was collected in and around the Pretoria area. Surveys were conducted to obtain local road and traffic information about vehicle conditions. The one survey was defined as Potential Mechanical Defect Tests (PMDT) where vehicles were stopped and given a brief mechanical inspection, and the other was a Minibus Survey where information was obtained about the age of the vehicle and the overall condition and pressure of tyres. Additional information was obtained from the Accident Response Unit (ARU) and the Forensic Sciences Laboratories, both of the South African Police Services in Pretoria. The findings of the study are that according to the data collected by the ARU over a period of 2,5 years, on average 3,3% of the accidents reported per year in the region were caused by mechanical failures. These identified percentages correspond with values obtained for international countries. The PMDT data indicate that 40% of the vehicles surveyed in suburban areas and 29% of the vehicles surveyed on the highway had mechanical defects that contravened current road and traffic regulations. The difference between the percentages indicates that the condition of vehicles inspected in the suburban area differs significantly from the condition of those using the highway. In the Minibus Survey, large irregularities in tyre pressure were identified as cause for concern. In general, all of the above findings indicated that maintenance on older vehicles seemed to receive less attention. It is proposed that annual vehicle inspections should be introduced, especially for vehicles carrying fare-paying passengers, to improve road safety standards on South African roads.Dissertation (M Eng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
unrestricted
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Fernandes, David. "Vehicle-pedestrian accidents at signalized intersections in Montréal." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121283.
Full textAbstract:
Pedestrian safety is a topic of growing concern. To better understand pedestrian safety and the variables that affect it, this thesis had four main objectives. The first objective was to build a database to be used for the analysis of pedestrian safety. The database built consisted of 1,875 signalized intersections (75% of all signalized intersections on the island), randomly distributed throughout the island of Montreal. Manual vehicular and pedestrian counts were provided by local authorities for these intersections, but they also needed to be visited individually, so that geometric data could be recorded for each intersection. This is the largest data set that has ever been assembled for a pedestrian safety analysis. The second objective was to use automatic counters to extrapolate manual pedestrian counts taken during peak periods, to full 24 hour average daily counts through the use of expansion factors. By placing automatic counters at six different locations throughout the city of Montreal for one full year, various expansion factors were generated (monthly, daily and hourly). The third objective was to investigate the effect of traffic exposure measures, geometric designs and traffic controls on vehicle-pedestrian collision occurrence at signalized intersections. To investigate the impact of vehicle movements on pedestrian accidents, three separate definitions of risk exposure were used: completely aggregated flows, motor-vehicle flows aggregated by movement type (left, right and through movements) and disaggregated flows analyzing potential conflicts between motor vehicles and pedestrians. Various negative binomial (NB) models were fitted to the data with and without geometric design characteristics. Among other findings, vehicular traffic is found to be the main contributing factor in accordance with previous works. Significant geometric properties included pedestrian phasing, exclusive left turn lanes, commercial entrances and exits, total crossing distance, curb extension and number of lanes. Exclusive left turn lanes, pedestrian phasing and curb extensions were found to decrease pedestrian accidents, whereas longer crossing distances, number of lanes and more commercial entrances and exits were found to increase pedestrian-vehicular accidents after controlling for vehicular and pedestrian flows. The final objective was to estimate pedestrian activity at signalized intersections based on built environment attributes. Using both a log-linear and negative binomial regression, it was found that pedestrian activity could be estimated by several land-use, transit, demographic and weather variables; including: population, commercial space, open space, subway presence, bus stations, schools, percent major arterials, number of street segments, presence of a 4-way intersections, presence of precipitation and presence of windy conditions. These findings support other studies done in this field.La sécurité des piétons est un sujet de plus en plus préoccupant. Pour mieux comprendre la sécurité des piétons et les facteurs qui l'affectent, cette thèse avait quatre principaux objectifs. Le premier objectif était de mettre en place une base de données pour analyser la sécurité des piétons. Cette base de données était constituée de 1 875 intersections signalisées (75% des intersections signalisées sur l'île), distribuées au hasard à travers l'île de Montréal. Les données sur les véhicules et les piétons comptées manuellement étaient fournies par les autorités locales pour ces intersections, mais il a aussi fallu les visiter individuellement, afin que les données géométriques soient enregistrées pour chaque intersection. Cette base de données est le plus grand ensemble de données jamais assemblé pour l'analyse de la sécurité des piétons. Le second objectif était d'utiliser des compteurs automatiques pour extrapoler les données sur les piétons obtenues manuellement durant les heures de pointe aux données moyennes durant 24 heures à travers l'utilisation de facteurs d'expansion. En plaçant des compteurs automatiques à six endroits différents à travers la ville de Montréal durant un an, différents facteurs d'expansion ont été générés (mensuellement, quotidiennement et à toutes les heures). Le troisième objectif était d'étudier l'effet des mesures d'exposition du trafic, des désigns géométriques et des contrôles du trafic sur les possibilités de collision entre les véhicules et les piétons aux intersections signalisées. Pour étudier l'impact des mouvements des véhicules sur les accidents chez les piétons, trois définitions différentes des risques d'exposition étaient utilisées : les flux entièrement regroupés, les flux de véhicules automobiles regroupés par type de mouvement (mouvements vers la gauche, vers la droite et vers l'avant) et les flux dispersés analysant les conflits potentiels entre les véhicules automobiles et les piétons. Différents modèles binomiaux négatifs (NB) ont été insérés dans les données avec et sans les caractéristiques des désigns géométriques. Parmi les autres résultats, la circulation des véhicules a été établie comme étant le principal facteur en conformité avec les travaux précédents. Les propriétés géométriques significatives incluaient la phasage des piétons, des voies réservées pour le virage à gauche, des entrées et sorties commerciales, le total de la distance pour traverser la rue, l'étendue du freinage et le nombre de voies. Les voies réservées pour le virage à gauche, le retrait des piétons et l'étendue du freinage diminueraient les accidents de piétons, alors que les plus longues distances de traverse, le nombre de voies et le plus grand nombre d'entrées et sorties commerciales augmenteraient les accidents entre les véhicules et les piétons suite au contrôle des flux d'automobiles et de piétons. Le dernier objectif était d'estimer l'activité des piétons aux intersections signalisées en se basant sur les attributs d'un environnement contrôlé. Utilisant à la fois une régression log-linéaire et une régression binomiale négative, il a été constaté que l'activité des piétons pouvait être estimée par plusieurs variables sur l'utilisation de l'espace, les mouvements démographiques et les conditions météorologiques; incluant : la population, l'espace commercial, l'espace ouvert, la présence de métro, les arrêts d'autobus, les écoles, le pourcentage des grandes artères, le nombre de segments de rue, la présence d'intersections à quatre sens, la présence de précipitations et de vent. Ces résultats supportent d'autres études faites dans cet domaine.
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Kelbaugh, Cristina Lynn. "Rib Fracture Patterns in Fatal Motor Vehicle Accidents." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5524.
Full textAbstract:
Rib fractures are present in 25 percent of all trauma-related deaths, making the mechanism and pattern of rib fractures an important area of trauma research (Lien et al. 2009). Rib fractures are important to consider when researching trauma because they can cause serious complications contributing to an individual's mortality.
This retrospective research study focuses on rib fracture patterns in fatal motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). The sample consists of 105 MVA victims--68 males and 37 females. Data was collected at the Hillsborough County Medical Examiner's Office in Tampa, Florida. The study investigates motor-vehicle-related deaths from 2011 to 2013 to establish rib fracture patterns in association with several variables. Fractures of the manubrium and sternum are included in the analyses since the ribs articulate in several places with the manubrium and sternum and they are frequently injured in MVAs.
First, this research study investigates the rib fracture patterns that exist in correlation to soft tissue organ injury. Injuries to the heart, lungs, liver, diaphragm, and spleen were analyzed based on their direct contact with the ribcage. The results show that several significant relationships exist, including that lung injury is about 12 times more likely to occur when a fracture is present in the left middle ribs and 4 times more likely to occur when there is a fracture on the manubrium. Heart injury is found to be 9 times more likely to occur when the sternum is fractured and the liver is found to be 4 times more likely when the right middle ribs are fractured and 0.3 times more likely when the right high ribs are fractured.
Second, this study examines rib fracture patterns controlling for seatbelt use, airbag deployment, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) administration. Each of these variables is tested to determine their influence in causing injury and the fracture patterns resulting from accidents. For drivers, specifically, it is also tested if fracture patterns can predict seatbelt use. The results show a significant relationship between fracture of the left low ribs and seatbelt use. In drivers, it is 5 times more likely that the individual was wearing a seatbelt if the left low ribs are fractured. Lastly, a significant relationship was found for fractures of the manubrium and CPR administration.
Finally, this research study aims to predict the number of ribs fractured by an individuals' age. Progressive mineralization of the skeleton and other age-related changes increase the risk of fracture in elderly individuals. The results of this study indicate a significant, positive correlation between age and the total number of rib fractures sustained in MVAs, supporting the presumption that elderly are at a higher risk for rib fractures.