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Leger, Pascal. "Elements pour une prevention individuelle et collective des accidents de ski alpin." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M094.
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Cantonny-Dumontet, Mireille. "Un problème de santé publique : les accidents domestiques chez l'enfant." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P023.
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LA, COMBE BAZARD PASCALE. "Peut-on prevenir les accidents vasculaires cerebraux ?" Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1004.
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Ferry, Michel. "Le parapente, sport a risques : bilan et prevention des accidents." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11114.
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Lehane, Paul Michael. "Counterfactual, prevention and causal thinking about workplace slip and trip accidents : a study of safety professionals, managers and accident subjects." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2015. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1107/.
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Counterfactual thinking typically follows an unexpected event and involves the mental simulation of an alternative outcome which can be either better or worse than the original one. In general, exceptional and controllable events are selected for change over those that are routine and uncontrollable, and actions are likely to be changed over inactions. Importantly an individual’s social role is thought to be critical in determining what is changed and how. Counterfactual thoughts have been associated with causal thinking and more recently with missed opportunities to prevent an unwanted outcome. Accidents at work are unwanted outcomes and are likely to generate counterfactual thoughts. As slips and trips continue to cause a significant number of injuries they are the focus of this research. Safety Professionals, Managers and Accident Subjects are most commonly involved in accident investigations and the study asks whether their different social roles or the type of accident influences how they use counterfactual, prevention and causal thoughts. 612 respondents were recruited representing Safety Professionals, Managers and Accident Subjects. After reading a slip or trip scenario they completed a counterfactual, prevention and causal sentence and these were analysed against 14 structural dimensions, seven of which were used for the first time in this study. The respondent’s job group and the type of accident were found to influence certain structural dimensions of the counterfactual, prevention and causal thoughts more than others. The respondent’s job group strongly influenced counterfactual direction, and the addition or subtraction of antecedents based on actions or inactions, whilst the type of accident strongly influenced the temporal location of the antecedent. Norm Theory (Kahneman & Miller, 1986) proposed that exceptional antecedents were selected for counterfactual change and a categorisation of types of exceptional events has been developed and applied in this study. The implications of these types of thoughts by Safety Professionals, Managers and Accident Subjects are considered.
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Almeida, Ildeberto Muniz de. "Construindo a culpa e evitando a prevenção: caminhos da investigação de acidentes do trabalho em empresas e município de porte médio, Botucatu, São Paulo, 1997." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-01112001-145305/.
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Objetivos. Analisar investigações de acidentes e materiais didáticos e educativos, explorando aspectos da construção das análises e de atribuição de culpa. Métodos. Registros de investigações e materiais didáticos de empresas de Botucatu-SP, em 1997, obtidos de instituições e empresas, foram analisados, identificando-se fatores causais, recomendações e referências a comportamentos faltosos ou características da vítima. Árvores de causas foram checadas quanto a cuidados de linguagem, desenhos, interrupções da investigação, tipos de relações entre fatos e exploração para prevenção. Materiais educativos foram analisados, identificando-se concepções de acidente, orientações para investigações e recomendações. Bancos de dados foram formados e gerenciados com EPIinfo. Resultados. Foram analisadas 203 investigações. A média de causas por AT foi 1,68 e a de recomendações foi 1,4 por AT, com predomínio de referências a comportamentos ou características da vítima. A maioria das análises baseava-se em formulário obrigatório. Todas as árvores analisadas mostravam desrespeito flagrante a regras e princípios do método. Materiais didáticos veiculavam mesma concepção de acidente das investigações, método de análise centrado em comportamentos faltosos do operador, estímulo ao medo de lesões e recomendações para obediência a regras e uso de equipamentos de proteção. Conclusão. As investigações adotam concepção de acidente baseada na identificação de situações de desrespeito a regras idealizadas, atribuem culpa ao acidentado e não subsidiam a gestão de riscos nas empresas. A atribuição de culpa ocorre independentemente da natureza e/ou tipo de perigo presente nos acidentes. Tentativas de uso do método de árvore de causas mostraram distorções, revelando insuficiência no seu domínio. A construção da culpa foi reforçada por materiais didáticos e educativos. Descritores: Acidentes do trabalho, investigações de acidentes, vigilância de acidentes.Objectives: To analyze accident investigations and teaching and educational materials exploring aspects of analysis construction and blame attribution. Methods: Investigation reports and educational materials of companies in Botucatu, SP, in 1997, obtained from institutions and companies were analyzed and causal factors, recommendations and references to faulty behavior or victim characteristics were identified. Causal tree were checked in regard to language, design, investigation interruptions, types of relations between facts and exploration for prevention. Educational materials were analyzed identifying the conception of accident, orientation for investigations and recommendation. Data banks were formed and managed by EPIinfo. Results: 203 investigations with an average of 1,68 causes and 1,4 recommendations were analyzed and revealed that references to victims behavior or characteristics prevailed. Most analyses were based on an obligatory form. All analyzed trees showed evident disrespect to rules and methodological principles. The educational and teaching materials convey the same accident concept as the investigations, the analyses method centered in the faulty behavior of the operator, stimulus of fear to injury and recommendation for obedience to rules and use of protection equipment. Conclusion: The investigations studied use an accident concept based on the identification of situations of disrespect to idealized rules, blame the injured subjects, and do not support the risk management in the companies. The blame bias occurs independently of the nature or kind of danger involved in the accidents. The attempts to use the causal tree method revealed distortions due to insufficient command. Educational materials strengthened the construction of blame.
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Mendes, Renata Wey Berti [UNESP]. "Fragilidades e inconsistências do modelo unicausal de acidentes do trabalho diante de concepções sistêmicas e análise ergonômica do trabalho: o caso de uma caldeiraria." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98478.
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Partindo das hipóteses de que a freqüente ocorrência de acidentes semelhantes em sua causalidade pode estar relacionada com a estreita concepção mücausal de acidentes e de que compreendendo a atividade normal e a percepção dos operadores sobre a causalidade de acidentes é possível ampliar o leque da análise dos acidentes, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo geral de explorar concepções de acidentes do trabalho presentes em relatórios de análises de casos e no discm'so de diferentes profissionais em caldeiraria de empresa metalúrgica de médio porte. Método. Conhecimento da empresa e análise das atividades habituais de trabalho no setor de caldeiraria, com base na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho; e conhecimento sobre as concepções de acidentes do trabalho, analisando os vá..rios discursos presentes na empresa. com base na estratégia metodológica da Análise de Conteúdo de Discursos. Resultados. Constatou-se que a concepção de acidentes como originados no ato inseguro é a que prevalece nos discursos da empresa, presentes no s relatórios e nas falas de chefias e de alguns operadores. Os operadores também expressam concepção multicausal sobre acidentes do trabalho, que leva em conta fatores individuais e coletivos, ambientais e organizacionais na gênese dos acidentes. O traballlO habitual no setor inclui variabilidades que exigem o uso de estratégias, regulações e adoção de modos operatórios, que se podem considerar degradados. Conclusão. O estudo mostra que a gestão formal da segurança desconhece o trabalho normal. A gestão da produção em situação real de trabalho, com uso de meios precários, necessidade de retrabalho. atuando em espaços insuficientes, etc, introduz pressões de tempo e outro s fatores que ensejam a necessidade de constantes regulações pelas chefias e operadores as quais, por sua vez, enfraquecem a segurança real.
Starting from the hypotheses that the frequent occurrence of lccidents similar in their causality can be related to direct rnllcausal conception of accidents and that comprehending the normal activity and perception of operators with respect to the causality of accidents, it is possible tO enlarge the scope of analysis of accidents. Thus the present study had the general objective of exploring conceptions of work accidents present in reports of analyses of cases and in the discourse of different professionals in the boiler shop and welding area of a medium-sized metallurgical business. Method. Knowledge of the business and analysis of habitual work activities in the boiler shop and welding sector, based on Ergonomic Analysis of Work; and knowledge on conceptions of work accidents, analyzing the various discourses present in the business, based on the methodological strategy of Content Analysis of Discourses. Results. lt was verified that the conception of accidents originated by an lUlsafe act is the most prevalent theme in the business discourses and is present in the repOlts and quotations of managers and of some operators. The operators also express multicausal conception on \vork accidents, which takes into account the individual, collective, environmental and organizational factors in the genesis of accidents. The habitual work in the sector inc1udes variabilities that demand the use of strategies, regulations and adoption of operational modes that can be considered degraded. Conclusion. The study showed that the formal security unknown the normal work. The production management in real work situation, with precarious means, re-works necessitude, acting in insufficient spaces, introduces time pressures and others factors which demands to using regulations and strategies by managers and operators, which make the real security becomes weakness.
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HAVET, PIERRE. "Prevention et traitement des accidents de plongee a l'ecole de plongee de la marine nationale de saint-mandrier." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20059.
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BOUSSEMART, LETORET ANNE, and FRANCIS BOUSSEMART. "Les accidents domestiques non traumatiques de l'enfant : resultats d'une enquete hospitaliere comprenant 195 cas et propositions de prevention." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M050.
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BOUTOUTAOU, KAMAL. "Les explorations fonctionnelles neurophysiologiques en matiere de prevention et de diagnostic des accidents de plongee subaquatique." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M100.
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DAMBEZAT, CLAUDE. "Aspects epidemiologiques des accidents concernant le personnel maritime embarque : realite et perspectives de la prevention." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20034.
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Mendes, Renata Wey Berti. "Fragilidades e inconsistências do modelo unicausal de acidentes do trabalho diante de concepções sistêmicas e análise ergonômica do trabalho : o caso de uma caldeiraria /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98478.
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Orientador: Ildeberto Muniz de AlmeidaResumo: Partindo das hipóteses de que a freqüente ocorrência de acidentes semelhantes em sua causalidade pode estar relacionada com a estreita concepção mücausal de acidentes e de que compreendendo a atividade normal e a percepção dos operadores sobre a causalidade de acidentes é possível ampliar o leque da análise dos acidentes, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo geral de explorar concepções de acidentes do trabalho presentes em relatórios de análises de casos e no discm'so de diferentes profissionais em caldeiraria de empresa metalúrgica de médio porte. Método. Conhecimento da empresa e análise das atividades habituais de trabalho no setor de caldeiraria, com base na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho; e conhecimento sobre as concepções de acidentes do trabalho, analisando os vá..rios discursos presentes na empresa. com base na estratégia metodológica da Análise de Conteúdo de Discursos. Resultados. Constatou-se que a concepção de acidentes como originados no ato inseguro é a que prevalece nos discursos da empresa, presentes no s relatórios e nas falas de chefias e de alguns operadores. Os operadores também expressam concepção multicausal sobre acidentes do trabalho, que leva em conta fatores individuais e coletivos, ambientais e organizacionais na gênese dos acidentes. O traballlO habitual no setor inclui variabilidades que exigem o uso de estratégias, regulações e adoção de modos operatórios, que se podem considerar degradados. Conclusão. O estudo mostra que a gestão formal da segurança desconhece o trabalho normal. A gestão da produção em situação real de trabalho, com uso de meios precários, necessidade de retrabalho. atuando em espaços insuficientes, etc, introduz pressões de tempo e outro s fatores que ensejam a necessidade de constantes regulações pelas chefias e operadores as quais, por sua vez, enfraquecem a segurança real.
Abstract: Starting from the hypotheses that the frequent occurrence of lccidents similar in their causality can be related to direct rnllcausal conception of accidents and that comprehending the normal activity and perception of operators with respect to the causality of accidents, it is possible tO enlarge the scope of analysis of accidents. Thus the present study had the general objective of exploring conceptions of work accidents present in reports of analyses of cases and in the discourse of different professionals in the boiler shop and welding area of a medium-sized metallurgical business. Method. Knowledge of the business and analysis of habitual work activities in the boiler shop and welding sector, based on Ergonomic Analysis of Work; and knowledge on conceptions of work accidents, analyzing the various discourses present in the business, based on the methodological strategy of Content Analysis of Discourses. Results. lt was verified that the conception of accidents originated by an lUlsafe act is the most prevalent theme in the business discourses and is present in the repOlts and quotations of managers and of some operators. The operators also express multicausal conception on \vork accidents, which takes into account the individual, collective, environmental and organizational factors in the genesis of accidents. The habitual work in the sector inc1udes variabilities that demand the use of strategies, regulations and adoption of operational modes that can be considered degraded. Conclusion. The study showed that the formal security unknown the normal work. The production management in real work situation, with precarious means, re-works necessitude, acting in insufficient spaces, introduces time pressures and others factors which demands to using regulations and strategies by managers and operators, which make the real security becomes weakness.
Mestre
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LOICHOT, TRIPIER-COCHET MARIE-LINE. "Prevention secondaire des accidents de la circulation chez l'enfant dans le departement du rhone : conception, realisation et evaluation d'une campagne d'incitation a la retention des enfants passagers." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M136.
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BRUN, LIONEL. "La prevention primaire des accidents thrombo-emboliques lies a la fibrillation auriculaire d'origine non rhumatismale : revue de la litterature." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M020.
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Macías, Guillermo Raúl. "A complexidade da situação epidemiológica dos acidentes de trânsito." Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10290.
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Objetivo: analisar o perfil sócio-demográfico dos óbitos por Acidentes de Trânsito (AT) de residentes no Município de Lanús (Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre os anos 1998 e 2004. Material e Método: se realizou um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, utilizando dados oficiais de mortalidade da Argentina. Foram estudados os óbitos por AT segundo residência e ocorrência, codificados pela CID-10. As variáveis analisadas foram idade, sexo, nível educativo e condição de atividade. Foram utilizados dados econômicos para avaliar e comparar Lanús com os outros Municípios do Gran Buenos Aires, em termos dos coeficientes de mortalidade por AT. Foram realizadas análises uni e bivariadas, e calculada a Mortalidade Proporcional (MP) e a Razão de Mortalidade Proporcional (RMP). Realizou-se georreferenciamento dos óbitos segundo local de residência e de ocorrência da morte para avaliar a distribuição geográfica. Resultados: O perfil epidemiológico é composto principalmente por homens entre 20 e 29 anos, indivíduos com nível educativo primário completo (ou secundário incompleto) e que trabalhavam. Mais da metade deles era ocupante de veículo. O risco dos homens foi quase 3,5 vezes maior que as mulheres e, entre eles, os mais idosos apresentam as maiores incidências. Os analfabetos ou aqueles com formação primária incompleta possuem risco baixo, quase igual as das pessoas com nível educativo superior. A MP em Lanús é menor quando comparada com os Municípios do Gran Buenos Aires. Lanús aparece junto aos municípios que apresentam alta atividade comercial e menores taxas de óbitos. A respeito da georreferência, os achados mostram que os AT atingem mais a população que mora em locais com piores condições socioeconômicas. Conclusões: O município de Lanús apresenta um perfil de mortalidade por AT semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos. A combinação de técnicas se apresenta como uma alternativa interessante para trabalhar com dados secundários, em pequenas áreas e com números pequenos. Esta pesquisa fornece aportes para a intervenção sobre os problemas ligados aos AT no nível individual e local. Destaca-se a necessidade de contar com estudos mais abrangentes, abordando o problema desde outros enfoques metodológicos.
Salvador
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BOILLET, GERARD NADINE. "Les accidents ischemiques transitoires dans le territoire carotidien chez les sujets de moins de 65 ans : etude epidemiologique sur 46 dossiers ; bilan etiologique, prevention secondaire, surveillance." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM108.
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Björnstig, Ulf. "Snowmobile, motorcycle and moose-car accidents : aspects on injury control." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140688.
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Injuries related to snowmobiles, motorcycles and moose-car collisions have increased. The aim of the present thesis was to analyse mechanisms and consequences in fatal and non-fatal accidents of these types, and to penetrate possible preventive measures. Snowmobiles The median age of the injured was 30 and of the killed 32, males predominating. A majority of the accidents occurred during weekends, and especially the fatal accidents occurred after dark. The extremities were the most commonly injured parts of the body, however, drowning, crushed chest and cranial injuries caused most of the fatalities. Among the fatalities, four out of five were under the influence of alcohol. The present Swedish laws regarding snowmobiles seem well motivated. "Built-in" safety measures in the construction of the snowmobiles, properly designed snowmobile tracks and functional search and rescue systems could reduce the injuries. Motorcycles The median age was 19 years for both the traffic injured and the killed. Half of the traffic accidents were collisions with other motor vehicles. In the fatally injured group, also collisions with fixed roadside objects were common. Of the fatally injured, more than every fifth person died in an accident where alcohol was an influential factor. In the injured group, lower extremity injuries (especially in off-road riding) were common and among the fatalities most riders died from injuries to the head or chest. Out of one thousand motorcycle riders interviewed, 45% reported wobbling experiences (8% reported severe wobbling). Possible injury reducing measures include increasing the licensing age, more discriminating driving test, "built-in" restriction of the motorcycle's top speed, elimination of motorcycles prone to wobbling, and a more intensive traffic supervision (speeding, alcohol). Moose-car collisitions The median age of the drivers was 38 years. Most collisions happened at dusk or when dark (3/4). The median collision speed was 70 km/h. The damage to the car was typical, the roof and the windshield pillars were deformed downwards and backwards. The broken windshield was often pressed into the passenger compartment. Most of the injured car occupants suffered cuts predominantly to the head and upper extremities. Nearly all the fatally injured died of head and neck injuries. The injuries may be reduced by strengthening the roof and the windshield pillars, and by introducing anti 1 acerati ve windshields.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985
digitalisering@umu
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Lago, Eliane Maria Gorga. "Proposta de sistema de gestão em segurança no trabalho para empresas de construção civil." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=303.
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Dentro da cadeia produtiva da Construção Civil a segurança busca na prevenção seu enfoque principal, realizando sempre intervenções através das correções dos erros, das falhas e não conformidades do processo e da legislação evitando assim, as conseqüências que podem representar o acidente. Os custos dos acidentes podem ser de grandes proporções ou, até mesmo, incalculáveis, visto que a vida humana não tem preço. Assim sendo através disso as empresas passam a acreditar que a competitividade e o lucro não são os elementos fundamentais para a sua organização e demonstram através da busca da melhoria contínua de seus processos a preocupação com as questões da segurança do ambiente de trabalho. O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver o Sistema de Gestão de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho SGSST para empresas da indústria a construção civil, neste segmento, 98,28% possuem até 99 (noventa e nove) empregados segundo dados do Ministério do Trabalho Emprego MTE, tomando-se como base as Diretrizes da Organização Internacional do Trabalho OIT sobre Sistemas e Gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho. O SGSST proposto foi implantado, aplicado e monitorado em uma empresa de construção civil no estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados obtidos nos mostram uma significativa redução das situações de riscos de acidentes gerando uma melhora direta nas condições do ambiente de trabalho, instituindo uma nova cultura dentro da empresa através das ações preventivas, garantindo que a implementação do sistema de gestão de segurança do trabalho pode trazer melhorias ao sistema produtivo com produtividade.Safety in the productive chain of Civil Engineering Construction focuses on prevention, intervening through the correction of errors, imperfections, and non-conformity of processes and legislation, thereby preventing consequences that can lead to an accident. The costs of these accidents can be enormous or even incalculable, considering that a human life is priceless. Companies are beginning to realize that competitiveness and profit are not the most important elements of their organization and have demonstrated through the implementation of continuous process improvement their concern with the issue of safety in the work environment. The objective of this research is to develop an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SGSST) for small civil construction companies, which, according to the Ministry of Work and Employment (MTE), have less than 100 employees and represent 98.28% of workers in the civil construction industry, using as a base the Directives of the International Work Organization (OIT) on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems. To evaluate the proposed SGSST, it was implanted, applied and monitored in a civil construction company located in the state of Pernambuco. The results obtained indicate significant improvements in work environment conditions, creating a new culture within the company, through the use of preventive actions. During the implantation of the system, there was a reduction of risk of work-related accidents, guaranteeing that the implementation of the occupational safety and health management system can bring significant improvements to the productive system with productivity.
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Naouri, Michèle. "Intérêt de l'aspirine dans la prévention des accidents vasculaires cérébraux d'origine ischémique." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P076.
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DHERVILLE, VERONIQUE. "Accidents du jeune enfant (1 a 5 ans) : enquete a partir des deces dans la somme et de 107 cas d'enfants hospitalises au chru d'amiens au cours du 1er semestre 1989 ; role de la pmi dans la prevention." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM053.
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Nonino, Fernanda de Oliveira Lima. "Indicadores da Síndrome de Burnout e presenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem expostos acidentalmente ao material biológico potencialmente contaminado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-29012019-101434/.
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As demandas e pressões da situação de trabalho agregadas ás características pessoais podem contribuir para o adoecimento físico e mental de trabalhadores levando ao esgotamento profissional e esse pode estar associado à ocorrência de acidentes do trabalho. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre indicadores da síndrome de burnout, presenteísmo e a ocorrência de acidentes do trabalho com exposição ao material biológico entre profissionais de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal descritivo realizado com enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, de um hospital de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, acometidos por acidentes do trabalho com material biológico no período 2015- 2017 e que foram cadastrados na Rede de Prevenção de Acidentes do Trabalho com Exposição ao Material Biológico (REPATUSP). A amostra foi composta por 100 trabalhadores de enfermagem. As variáveis estudadas foram: síndrome de burnout, acidentes do trabalho, características sóciodemográficas e o presenteísmo. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: protocolo de registros de acidentes da REPAT- USP; questionário de dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais; Malash Burnout Inventory; escala de presenteismo? de Stanford (SPS-6). Os dados foram coletados de abril a outubro de 2017. Foram analisados por estatística descritiva, testes de associação qui-quadrado de Pearson e os testes não paramétricos Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância adotado foi ?=0,05. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (protocolo CAAE: 67510017.5.0000.5393). Resultados: Com base na análise das respostas dos 71 questionários, observou-se entre os profissionais que sofreram acidente do trabalho com material biológico, que a prevalência de burnout foi de 52,11% (37). Foram analisadas associações da síndrome de burnout e o presenteísmo em que se observou que 45,5% dos profissionais apresentaram burnout e presenteísmo. Conclusão: Este estudo evidenciou uma alta prevalência da SB nos profissionais de enfermagem, revelando assim a necessidade de intervenções em relação às condições de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre a dimensão despersonalização da síndrome de burnout e o presenteísmo. Destaca-se a importância de se avaliar a prevalência da síndrome entre os diferentes profissionais, pois o seu desenvolvimento pode acarretar resultados negativos para os profissionais, pacientes e instituições. Os esforços aqui empreendidos pretende encorajar as instituições a promoverem iniciativas para mudançasThe demands and pressures from work aggregated to personal characteristics can contribute for workers physical and mental illness leading to professional exhaustion and can be associated with the occurrence of occupational accidents. Objective: to verify the association between indicators of burnout syndrome, presenteeism and occurency of occupational accidents with exposure to biological agents between nursing professionals. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with nurses, auxiliaries and technicians of a Hospital Teaching from Sao Paulo state who were affected for accidents at work with biological material between 2015-2017 and were records at the Work Accidents Prevention Network with exposure to biological agents. The sample consisted of 100 nursing workers. The variables studied were the Burnout Syndrome, occupational accidents, socio-demographic characteristics and the presenteeism. The tools used for data collection were: protocolo de registros de acidentes da REPAT- USP; questionário de dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais; Malash Burnout Inventory; escala de presenteismo? de Stanford (SPS-6). The data were colected from april to june 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic Pearson\'s chi-square association tests and non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was ? = 0.05. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (protocolo CAAE: 67510017.5.0000.5393). Results: Based on the analysis of the results of the 71 questionnaires, the prevalence of burnout was 52.11% (37) among the professionals who suffered from work accident with biological material. Associations of the burnout syndrome and presenteism were analyzed in which 45.5% of the professionals presented burnout and presenteeism. Conclusion: This study evidenced a high prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in nursing professionals, thus revealing the need for interventions in relation to nurses\' working conditions. Significant associations were found between the depersonalization dimension of burnout syndrome and presenteeism. It is important to evaluate the prevalence of the syndrome among the different professionals, as their development can lead to negative results for professionals, patients and institutions. The efforts made here are intended to encourage institutions to promote initiatives for change
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SAINT, MARTIN MONIQUE. "Interet de l'inhalation d'oxygene dans la prevention des accidents de plongee sportive : evaluation par exploration doppler du debit de bulles circulantes lors de soixante plongees simulees au centre hyperbare de toulouse." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31100.
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Lawoyin, Samuel. "Novel technologies for the detection and mitigation of drowsy driving." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3639.
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In the human control of motor vehicles, there are situations regularly encountered wherein the vehicle operator becomes drowsy and fatigued due to the influence of long work days, long driving hours, or low amounts of sleep. Although various methods are currently proposed to detect drowsiness in the operator, they are either obtrusive, expensive, or otherwise impractical. The method of drowsy driving detection through the collection of Steering Wheel Movement (SWM) signals has become an important measure as it lends itself to accurate, effective, and cost-effective drowsiness detection. In this dissertation, novel technologies for drowsiness detection using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are investigated and described. IMUs are an umbrella group of kinetic sensors (including accelerometers and gyroscopes) which transduce physical motions into data. Driving performances were recorded using IMUs as the primary sensors, and the resulting data were used by artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to determine whether or not the individual was still fit to operate a motor vehicle. Results demonstrated high accuracy of the method in classifying drowsiness. It was also shown that the use of a smartphone-based approach to IMU monitoring of drowsiness will result in the initiation of feedback mechanisms upon a positive detection of drowsiness. These feedback mechanisms are intended to notify the driver of their drowsy state, and to dissuade further driving which could lead to crashes and/or fatalities. The novel methods not only demonstrated the ability to qualitatively determine a drivers drowsy state, but they were also low-cost, easy to implement, and unobtrusive to drivers. The efficacy, ease of use, and ease of access to these methods could potentially eliminate many barriers to the implementation of the technologies. Ultimately, it is hoped that these findings will help enhance traveler safety and prevent deaths and injuries to users.
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Vaudelle, Catherine. "Dispositifs médicaux stériles de protection des accidents de travail par piqûre." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P163.
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Bednářová, Denisa. "Dopravní nehoda jako traumatická situace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232882.
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The thesis refers to the issue of road accidents and their prevention in the Czech Republic, seen as a negative phenomenon in modern society. It is divided into two relatively independent parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on a general description of traffic accident and states their main causes. Moreover, it deals with a road accident as a traumatic event having negative effects on life of involved people, especially on the human psyche. At the end of this part you can find basic principles of emergency intervention on casualties of road accidents and organizations which offer free help to road accident casualties. In the practical part of this work there is a study of road accidents that happened in the region of the Czech Republic from the point of view of their causes and the age of the driver.
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Filho, Heleno Rodrigues Correa. "Percepção de riscos na ocupação precedendo lesões do trabalho: um estudo no município de Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-1993." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-16012018-162901/.
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Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, com 164 casos de acidentes no trabalho aleatoriamente selecionados e 325 controles, entre empregados de empresas privadas ou públicas, com o objetivo de construir e validar instrumento epidemiológico de avaliação da percepção de trabalhadores, sobre fatores de risco psicossociais para acidentes do trabalho. De vinte e nove variáveis integrantes do questionário auto-respondido com marcações em escala visual analógica, oito variáveis significativas foram selecionadas, pelo seu poder de discriminação da percepção, através de regressão logistica. Foram consideradas agressoras: - brigas com os chefes; presenciar catástrofes nos locais de trabalho; ter sido vitima de agressão ou violência; haver deixado familiar doente em casa; ser pressionado por policiais ou autoridades por causa de acusações de outras pessoas e ter problemas com a própria saúde. Foram protetoras:- tempo de trabalho na função e experimentar insatisfação por executar atividades consideradas indesejáveis. Há evidências de que a percepção individual de pontos chaves nas relações de trabalho está relacionada com fatores que conferem risco e proteção aos trabalhadores e estes podem ser obtidos com instrumento epidemiológico adequado.A case-control study was performed based on 164 cases of randomly selected work-related accidents and 325 controls amongst employees of private or publicly owned firms, in Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-93. The main objective was developing and validating a specific data collection instrument for perceived psycho-social risks for work accidents with injuries recalling the last seven days. A questionnaire with 29 questions to be answered marking a visual analogue scale was built. Using logistic regression eight variables were found to discriminate cases from controls and were subsequently modeled. Having fought with superiors; having witnessed catastrophic events in the workplace; having been a victim of aggression outside the workplace; leaving an ill family member at home; having suffered police questioning because of accusations by neighbors or others and having self problems with health were found to be aggressive. Protective variables were time experience under the job title and point out having worked on undesirable tasks. The perceptions of individual workers of key aspects of the psycho-social relations within the workplace, are related to factors which confer greater or lesser risk to workers. These perceptions may be obtained using a single instrument for epidemiologic data collection.
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Renner, Simon. "Regionale Verteilung von Fahrradunfällen auf dem Schulweg in Bayern." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17677.
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Eine Auswertung der Unfallzahlen der Kommunalen Unfallversicherung Bayerns von 2007 bis 2011 zeigte, dass es innerhalb Bayerns große regionale Unterschiede im fahrradbezogenen Unfallgeschehen auf dem Schulweg gibt. Durch ein mehrstufiges multimethodisches Studiendesign wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob es in den unfallbelasteten Landkreisen tatsächlich gefährlicher ist mit dem Rad zur Schule zu fahren und nach den Ursachen der räumlichen Diskrepanzen gesucht. Mittels regressionsanalytischer Verfahren konnte ein Großteil der räumlichen Varianz der Unfallraten auf die unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen zum Radfahren zurückgeführt werden: Je weiter und je hügeliger der Weg zur Schule ist, umso weniger Unfälle ereignen sich, wobei vermutet werden kann, dass dieser Zusammenhang Folge der niedrigen Radnutzung ist. Doch auch bei Landkreisen mit ähnlichen Radfahrbedingungen, etwa bei den kreisfreien Mittelstädten Rosenheim und Schweinfurt, lassen sich große Unterschiede im fahrradbezogenen Unfallgeschehen feststellen. Um zu überprüfen, ob auch hierfür die variierende Radnutzung verantwortlich ist, fand im Rahmen einer Fall-Kontroll-Studie eine Messung der Schulwegmobilität in diesen beiden Städten statt, wodurch das jeweilige expositionsbereinigte Unfallrisiko berechnet werden konnte. Die Erhebung zeigte, dass die distanz- und zeitbezogenen Inzidenzraten der beiden Untersuchungsregionen nahezu identisch sind. Dies belegt, dass das Unfallgeschehen hauptsächlich von der Radnutzung abhängt, wobei die Ursachen für die abweichende Radnutzung durch eine Schüler- und Lehrerbefragung empirisch untersucht wurde. Unfallschwerpunkte im Schülerradverkehr sind also statistische Artefakte, da aus der Unfallrate ohne die Kenntnis der Radnutzung auf das Unfallrisiko geschlossen wurde. Regionsunabhängig aber ist das fahrradspezifische Unfallrisiko auf Schulwegen deutlich höher als etwa auf dem Weg zur Arbeit, was die Dringlichkeit verdeutlicht, präventiv tätig zu werden.Analyzing the number of accidents between 2007 and 2011, registered by the Kommunale Unfallversicherung Bayern, revealed great regional differences in bicycle traffic accidents on the way to school in Bavaria. A multi-stage, multi-methodical study design was set up to find answers to the question, if it is actually more dangerous to cycle to school in districts with high accident rates. The reasons for regional discrepancies in these accident rates were identified, while a varying rate of bicycle use was detected the main cause for interregional differences in the number of accidents.Regression analysis indicated that the majority of spatial variance in accident rates is based on different cycling conditions; the further and more hilly the way to school, the less accidents occur. However, it can be assumed that this correlation is a consequence of lower bicycle use. On the other hand in regions with similar cycling conditions great differences in bicycle traffic accidents can be observed, which the study shows for the district-free, mid-sized cities Rosenheim and Schweinfurt. This case-control-study on the way-to-school mobility measured for the two cities the exposition-adjusted risk of accident and was performed to reveal if this effect is also caused by varying bicycle use rates. The study pinpointed the fact that distance- and time-related incidence rates are almost identical in both study regions,which is an evidence for bicycle use rates mainly affecting the number of accidents. The reasons for differing bicycle usage were examined empirically by questioning pupils and teachers. As a conclusion, accident black spots in pupils` bicycle traffic are statistical artefacts, as the accident risk was gathered from the accident rate without knowing bicycle use rates. However, regardless of the region, cycling to school is remarkably more dangerous than cycling to work, a fact that underlines the urgency to act preventively.
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Lamontagne, Franck. "Les accidents exposant au sang chez le personnel infirmier : evolution du risque et impact des mesures preventives. resultats d'une enquete multicentrique." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05N082.
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Hurtado, Sandra Lorena Beltran. "Análise de acidente de trabalho em uma refinaria de petróleo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-21012016-142904/.
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Introdução - Os acidentes de trabalho nas refinarias de petróleo se destacam por liderar vários indicadores de incidência e mortalidade dentro da indústria de transformação no Brasil. A abordagem das análises dos acidentes tem evoluído desde uma concepção do erro humano até as relações inter organizacionais. As empresas continuam usando abordagens tradicionais na investigação de acidentes que não ajudam na prevenção eficaz dos mesmos. Os estudos aprofundados em acidentes do setor que mostrem a relação de fatores organizacionais são escassos. Em Setembro de 2014, em uma refinaria da região sudeste de Brasil, seis trabalhadores sofreram queimaduras múltiplas como consequência de um incêndio por vazamento de gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP) que entrou em contato com uma fonte de ignição. Uma das vítimas faleceu dois meses depois. Objetivo - Contribuir para a difusão de uma abordagem organizacional para analisar este acidente de trabalho ultrapassando o erro humano, as causas técnicas e as perspectivas indicadas pelas normas padrão. Método - Os dados empíricos são baseados em um estudo qualitativo de um acidente de trabalho. Para realizar este estudo de caso usamos entrevistas, Análise Coletiva de Trabalho, observação participante e análise de documentos. Em seguida, realizamos uma Análise Organizacional do Evento (AOE) e aplicamos o Modelo de Análise e Prevenção de Acidentes (MAPA). Resultados Para o trabalho que ocasionou o acidente foi trocado o técnico de operação e alguns contratados também eram novos na atividade. Foi utilizado um torquímetro com bomba elétrica, ao invés das ferramentas manuais usadas nas anteriores liberações. A liberação teve inicio três horas antes do recomendado e foi feita sem uma purga completa na linha. Os documentos de análise de risco e de medidas de isolamento da linha foram elaborados com mais de um ano de antecedência. Os treinamentos para os contratados são deficientes. O desligamento do alarmes e a ausência do técnico de segurança durante a liberação concorrem 8 com a falta de treinamento, com a habitualidade de trabalhar sem alguns equipamentos e com a baixa valorização de alarmes. Não existiam reuniões entre os trabalhadores diretos e contratados para discutir os detalhes técnicos da liberação. Não tinha mangueiras do sistema contra incêndio nem rota de fuga durante a abertura do flange. A seleção do operador para liberar a linha de GLP pode ter sido uma estratégia para favorecer a entrega antecipada do projeto. A empresa utiliza um sistema de bonificação por desempenho que termina incentivando os trabalhadores a executar atividades sem cumprimento de todas as normas de segurança. Os trabalhadores de chão de fábrica têm baixa participação na elaboração de novos procedimentos dentro de uma cultura de segurança excessivamente normatizada. Conclusões O acidente tem como origem a interação de fatores sócio organizacionais: entre eles a cultura de segurança excessivamente normatizada, ferramentas de gestão e indicadores de resultado que dão uma sensação de falsa segurança aos gestores, decisão de adiantar o projeto, troca do técnico de operação e gestão de desempenho que estimula a burla de barreiras.Introduction - Work accidents in oil refineries stand out for leading several incidence and mortality indicators within the manufacturing industry in Brazil. The approach of the analysis of accidents has evolved from a conception of human error to the interorganizational relations. Companies continue to use traditional approaches in the investigation of accidents that do not help in effective prevention. In-depth studies on industry accidents that show the relationship of organizational factors are scarce. On September 2014, in a refinery in the south-eastern region of Brazil, six workers suffered burns multiples as a result of a fire by pouring Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) which came into contact with an ignition source. One of the victims died two months later. Aim - To contribute to the diffusion of an organizational approach to analyzing this work accident beyond human error, technical causes and the prospects indicated by the standard rules. Method - The empirical data are based on a qualitative study of a work accident. This case study used interviews, Collective Labour Analysis, participant observation and document analysis. Then we conducted an event organizational analysis and we applied the Model Analysis and Accident Prevention (MAPA). Results - For work that caused the accident the operation technician was changed and some contractors were also new to the activity. A torque wrench with electric pump was used instead of the hand tools used in previous releases. The release began three hours before recommended and was made without complete purge in the line. Risk analysis and insulation measures documents were designed with more than one year prior. Trainings for contractors are defective. The shutdown of the alarms and the lack of safety technician during the release, competes with the lack of training, with the customary character of work without some equipment and the low valuation of alarms. There were no meetings between direct and contract workers to discuss the technical details of the release. Fire hoses system or escape route during the opening of the flange were inexistent. The 10 operator\'s selection to release the LPG line may have been a strategy to promote early delivery of the project. Company uses a performance evaluation system which ends by encouraging workers to perform activities without complying with all safety standards. The shop floor workers have low participation in the development of new procedures within an overly standardized safety culture. Conclusions - The accident has as its origin the interaction of social and organizational factors including, excessive standardized safety culture, management tools and outcome indicators that give a false sense of safety to managers, decision to advance the project, change of operation technician and performance management that stimulates the habitual non-compliance of some barriers.
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Sorensen, Julie. "Social marketing for injury prevention : changing risk perceptions and safety-related behaviors among New York farmers." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18261.
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Cavalcante, Sandra Regina. "O papel da Justiça do Trabalho na prevenção e reparação dos acidentes e doenças ocupacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-10012017-114114/.
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Este estudo empírico em direito analisou as decisões da justiça trabalhista para conhecer o papel que esta instituição tem exercido na prevenção e reparação dos acidentes do trabalho, bem como identificar se os avanços teórico-legislativos ocorridos, consistentes em instrumentos jurídicos disponíveis para promover a proteção da vida de trabalhadores e responsabilização dos implicados, estão sendo utilizados na prática jurisdicional. O objetivo geral deste estudo é compreender o papel da Justiça do Trabalho na responsabilização por acidente ou doença do trabalho e a prevenção de novos acidentes, bem como verificar se há condenações criminais dos responsáveis por este tipo de lesão. A unidade básica para analisar esse papel são os processos e decisões judiciais, registros tangíveis da influência que o judiciário tem exercido e de como pensa este poder. A pesquisa qualiquantitativa exploratória coletou dados por meio de consultas online ao banco de dados de jurisprudência de quatro tribunais brasileiros, dois do estado de São Paulo e dois de abrangência nacional (TST, TRT2, TJSP e STJ), com recorte temporal em decisões publicadas no ano de 2015. Os acórdãos em ações sobre acidentes de trabalho e doenças ocupacionais tiveram seus fundamentos e resultados analisados e categorizados. Foram utilizados dois métodos de análise: Análise Comparativa, na qual se comparou o valor da condenação e duração do processo das decisões de igual período na justiça estadual e trabalhista e Teoria Fundamentada, na qual a codificação iniciou de forma indutiva, a partir da leitura dos dados dos acórdãos de todos os tribunais. Os resultados mostraram que as questões sobre a Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho não têm encontrado abordagem adequada na jurisprudência trabalhista brasileira, pois a tutela preventiva de acidentes e doenças é timidamente utilizada pelos legitimados legais. Nas ações reparatórias trabalhistas, se encontraram duas situações diversas, sendo que o tribunal regional confirmou a hipótese inicial de apego a laudos periciais e responsabilização dos trabalhadores pelos acidentes, com valores irrisórios de condenações quando a responsabilidade do empregador era reconhecida. No tribunal superior, os resultados indicaram uniformização de jurisprudência no sentido de usar a teoria do risco (responsabilidade objetiva) em seguimentos ou funções com risco acentuado, e teoria da culpa (responsabilidade subjetiva) nos demais casos, mas com a culpa presumida do empregador.This empirical study, on the law area, analyzed the decisions of the labor courts to know the role that this institution has done on the prevention and indemnity of work accidents, as well as at identifying whether the theoretical and legislative progress made, consistent in juridical instruments available to promote protection of life of workers and accountability of those involved, are being used in court practice. This study aims at understanding the role of labor courts on the accountability by work accident or occupational disease and the prevention of new accidents as well as check for criminal convictions of those responsible for this type of injury. The basic unit to analyze this role are the judicial processes and decisions, which are tangible records of the influence that the judiciary has played and how this sector acts. The exploratory quali-quantitative research collected data through online queries of the jurisprudence database of four Brazilian courts, two of São Paulo state and two nationwide (TST, TRT2, TJSP and STJ). This decisions were published in 2015. The judgments about work accidents and occupational diseases had their foundations and results analyzed and categorized. Two methods of analysis were used: Comparative Analysis, in which the value of the conviction and duration of the judicial decisions process of the same period in state labor courts was compared, and Grounded Theory, in which the coding began inductively, from the reading of data from the judgments of all courts. The results showed that the issues of Health and Safety do not have found suitable approach in jurisprudence Brazilian labor, and the preventive protection of work accidents and occupational diseases is timidly used by legal legitimated. In labor indemnity actions, two different situations were found. The regional court confirmed the initial hypothesis of attachment to forensic reports and accountability of workers by the accidents and with small charge of convictions when the responsibility of the employer was recognized. In the nationwide court, the results indicated uniformity of jurisprudence in order to use the theory of risk (strict liability) in segments or functions with high risk, and theory of guilt (subjective responsibility) in other cases, but with presumed guilt of the employer.
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Cartaxo, Carla Kalline Alves. "Efeito da intervenção eduterapêutica para prevenção de acidentes de trânsito com um grupo de crianças." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3612.
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Traffic accidents prevention must be taught since childhood, because children's behavior will be able to change the statistics of accidents in the long-term. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of edutherapeutic intervention to prevent traffic accidents with children. It is characterized as a randomized controlled trial, conducted with 173 children from public school in northeast region of Brazil, divided into experimental group, EG (n = 90) and control group, CG (n = 83). Data collection took place in four stages in the second semester of 2014, with evaluation of variables: knowledge, attitudes and practices that reveal what children know, feel and how they behave in relation to this issue. Chi-square test was used for analysis of categorical variables. The t test was used in the EG to compare the moments before and after the intervention for the variables knowledge, attitudes and practices in the paired data, as well as the comparison between the moments of initial and final evaluations of CG and to compare EG and CG. The significance level used was 5%. The groups were similar regarding sociodemographic variables, form of transport of children, experience with traffic accidents and prevention. There was no difference in the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices among the groups at initial evaluation. In the final assessment, there was improvement in knowledge of EG (p = 0.027). It was also observed a tendency of improvement in attitudes (p = 0.06), not accompanied by significant increase in practices. Comparing EG before and after the intervention, there was a significant difference (p = 0.003) in relation to knowledge. Regarding CG, the initial and final assessment showed that children’s knowledge had greater number of correct answers at the initial evaluation, but no significant difference (p = 0.085), and there was a reduction in the level of appropriate attitudes and practices with significant difference, respectively (p = 0.033) (p = 0.003). The intervention increased the EG level of knowledge in relation to CG, however, attitudes and practices remained stable. In EG, the intervention increased the level of knowledge and kept the attitudes and practices at the same level. In the control group, the lack of intervention tended to have a negative impact on the level of appropriate attitudes and practices, and knowledge was affected, but not significantly. Thus, the intervention influenced significantly the practices and attitudes in comparison to knowledge.A prevenção de acidentes de trânsito deve ser abordada desde a infância, pois o comportamento das crianças é que será capaz de mudar as estatísticas dos acidentes a longo prazo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção eduterapêutica para prevenção de acidentes de trânsito com crianças. Caracteriza-se como ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, realizado com 173 escolares da rede pública de uma região do nordeste do Brasil, divididos em Grupo Experimental, GE (n=90), e Grupo Controle, GC (n=83). A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro etapas no segundo semestre de 2014, com avaliação das variáveis: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas que revelam o que as crianças sabem, sentem e como se comportam em relação a essa temática. Utilizou-se o Teste Quiquadrado para análise das variáveis categóricas. O Teste t foi utilizado no GE para comparação entre os momentos antes e após a intervenção para as variáveis conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas nos dados pareados, assim como na comparação entre os momentos de avaliação inicial e final do CG e na comparação entre o GE e GC. Foi utilizado o nível de significância de 5%. Os grupos mostraram-se semelhantes quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas, maneira de locomoção das crianças, experiência com acidentes de trânsito e prevenção. Não existiu diferença no nível de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas entre os grupos na avaliação inicial. Na avaliação final, houve melhora no conhecimento do GE (p=0,027). Também foi observada tendência de melhora nas atitudes (p=0,06), não acompanhado de significante incremento nas práticas. Na comparação do GE antes e após a intervenção, houve diferença significativa (p=0,003) em relação ao conhecimento. Em relação ao GC, a avaliação inicial e final evidenciou que o conhecimento das crianças apresentou número de acertos maior na avaliação inicial porém, sem diferença significativa (p=0,085), e houve redução no nível das atitudes e práticas adequadas com diferença significativa, respectivamente (p=0,033) e (p=0,003). A intervenção aumentou o nível de conhecimento do GE em relação ao GC, entretanto, as atitudes e práticas permaneceram estáveis. No GE, a intervenção aumentou o nível de conhecimentos e manteve as atitudes e práticas no mesmo nível. No GC, a falta da intervenção tendeu a repercutir negativamente no nível de atitudes e práticas adequadas, e o conhecimento foi afetado, porém, não de forma significativa. Assim, a intervenção influenciou significativamente nas práticas e atitudes em relação ao conhecimento.
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Katalagarianakis, Georgios. "Risk assessment and accident prevention in mining." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299320.
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Habibi, Ehsanollah. "A safety analysis of industrial accidents : accident records of major coal producing countries are analysed to obtain fatal and non-fatal accident rates : significant factors influencing these rates are identified with efficacy of preventive measures." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4229.
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A comprehensive study of accident records which have occured in Coal Mining Industries of Europe and U. S. A are analysed. The intention of the research was to establish relationships between the various accidents and prevention methods adopted by each country are evaluated and to assess the impact of industrial legislation in these various countries on accident rate are examined. The study analyses in paricular the fatal accident rate, and major and minor rate. The Major health hazards associated with coal mining are described in detail and discusses together with the Measurement of safety performance and its application in the Safety field. The study also examines the role of human factors in accidents also includes a summaries of fatal and major injury rates for 46 countries. Arising from the research a number of recommendations for improving safety are requires further research are indentified.
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Clay, Diane. "Driver attitude and attribution : implications for accident prevention." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3239.
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This study involved self-completion questionnaire-based surveys in which a total of almost
1800 respondents took part. Attributional bias identified by previous research in relation to
drivers' causal attributions for road accidents (Preston & Harris, 1965; Clay, 1987) was
more fully explored with the aid of both objectively and subjectively culpable driver samples.
Banks et al (1977) demonstrated the utility of distinguishing drivers according to culpability
in relation to accident fatalaties. The current study examined the utility of distinguishing
subjectively culpable, non-culpable, and non-accident driver groups in relation to road
accidents with a variety of consequences, in relation to factors which may predispose drivers
to accident involvement. This study involved a large sample of drivers who were
representative of the general population of licenced drivers in Britain, and specifically
focussed samples which allowed the influence of objective and subjective culpability to be
ascertained, while a relatively small cross-cultural survey allowed a focus on young drivers
(up to 25 years), involving Victorian (Australian) licenced drivers and a sub-sample of young
British drivers drawn from the main British sample.
The main objectives of the current study were to evaluate drivers' awareness of their potential
for active accident avoidance, exploring attribution issues raised by previous research and
examining factors which may contribute to road accidents in relation to self-reported accident
involvement and culpability and their implications for accident prevention.
The main findings were that drivers seemed to have a tendency to attribute more
responsibility to "other drivers" than to themselves for accidents in which they had been
involved, and to consider that such other drivers had more scope for accident avoidance than
they did themselves. Such tendencies, although very considerably reduced, were not
eradicated within the driver group deemed culpable by traffic police investigative teams.
These findings were broadly consistent with those of Clay (1987) and Preston & Harris
(1965), suggesting a lack of awareness of personal influence on accident occurrence, at least
to some degree, with implications for accident prevention, the quality of social interaction in
the driving environment (Knapper & Cropley, 1980), and the driver's potential to learn from
experience.
Perhaps more importantly, the other major finding was that clear distinctions could
nonetheless be made between drivers in accordance with self-reported accident involvement
and culpability in relation to driver affect/state, self-perception, attributions for accident
causation, and attitudinal/behavioural tendencies, in a manner which seemed to be meaningful
in terms of driver susceptibility to accident risk. Ile pattern of response for accident
involvement and culpability effects was then examined in relation to the norms which
emerged for age and sex, while the effects of driving experience duration and intensity were
examined separately. The second point of focus on any distinctive features of younger driver
risk, also allowed assessment of generalizability of findings across cultures, to some degree.
The findings appear to have considerable implications for the development of effective
accident prevention strategies, while suggesting that further exploration of drivers' causal
attribution bias in relation to road accidents and distinctions between drivers according to
subjective culpability may offer considerable safety benefits.
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Sellström, Eva. "Studies in safety promotion for preschool children /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4271-4/.
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Brooks, P. "Motorcycle accidents : The analysis and prevention of driver error." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382153.
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Chesham, David J. "Applying social-psychological theories of behaviour to the problem of accident prevention : reducing the accident liability of motorcyclists." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297344.
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Keim-Bagot, Morane. "De l'accident du travail à la maladie : la métamorphose du risque professionnel : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D150.
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La métamorphose du risque professionnel puise ses sources dans la mutation de la représentation du risque professionnel factuel qui a permis la consécration de la notion de maladie professionnelle. Substituée à l’accident du travail comme centre de gravité du droit des risques professionnels, elle devient le point d’impulsion d’une réflexion nouvelle du concept juridique de risque professionnel entraînant la mutation du risque professionnel pris en charge. Cette métamorphose, dans le droit de la Sécurité sociale, permet la réactivation de l’obligation de sécurité de l’employeur qui irradie le droit du travail et entraîne l’affirmation du droit à la santé et à la sécurité des travailleurs. Partant, la réparation des atteintes à la santé du travailleur est considérablement étendue. Néanmoins, cette construction se heurte à des obstacles de taille, et s’accompagne d’incohérences, qu’il faut dépasserThe metamorphosis of occupational hazard has its sources in the mutation of the representation of factual occupational hazard that led to the consecration of the notion of occupational disease. Substituted for the occupational accident as the centre of gravity of the occupational hazards law, it becomes the impetus for a new reflection about the legal concept of occupational hazard causing the mutation of occupational hazard taken charge of. This metamorphosis in the Social Security law, allows the reactivation of the employer's duty to ensure security that radiates labour law and causes the assertion of the workers’ right to health and safety. Therefore, the compensation of damages to workers’ health is considerably extended. However, this construction is fraught with obstacles, and is accompanied by inconsistencies that must be overcome
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Cramer, Jay Alan 1957. "APPLICATION OF POLYHEDRAL DYNAMICS TO PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS (TRANSPORTATION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277115.
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Horswill, Mark Sanho. "An investigation into the use of video simulation techniques for measuring driving behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240328.
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Huang, Yu-Hsing. "Having a New Pair of Glassess : Applying Systemic Accident Models on Road Safety." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, CSELAB - Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8189.
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The main purpose of the thesis is to discuss the accident models which underlie accident prevention in general and road safety in particular, and the consequences of relying on a particular model have for actual preventive work. The discussion centres on two main topics. The first topic is whether the underlying accident model, or paradigm, of traditional road safety should be exchanged for a more complex accident model, and if so, which model(s) are appropriate. From a discussion of current developments in modern road traffic, it is concluded that the traditional accident model of road safety needs replacing. An analysis of three general accident model types shows that the work of traditional road safety is based on a sequential accident model. Since research in industrial safety has shown that such model are unsuitable for complex systems, it needs to be replaced by a systemic model, which better handles the complex interactions and dependencies of modern road traffic. The second topic of the thesis is whether the focus of road safety should shift from accident investigation to accident prediction. Since the goal of accident prevention is to prevent accidents in the future, its focus should theoretically be on how accidents will happen rather than on how they did happen. Despite this, road safety traditionally puts much more emphasis on accident investigation than prediction, compared to areas such as nuclear power plant safety and chemical industry safety. It is shown that this bias towards the past is driven by the underlying sequential accident model. It is also shown that switching to a systemic accident model would create a more balanced perspective including both investigations of the past and predictions of the future, which is seen as necessary to deal with the road safety problems of the future. In the last chapter, more detailed effects of adopting a systemic perspective is discussed for four important areas of road safety, i.e. road system modelling, driver modelling, accident/incident investigations and road safety strategies. These descriptions contain condensed versions of work which has been done in the FICA and the AIDE projects, and which can be found in the attached papers.
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Fuentes, Pumarola Concepció. "Factors relacionats amb l'ús del casc en adolescents i aspectes canviants després d'un accident amb ciclomotor." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7946.
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Les lesions cerebrals per traumatismes craniencefàlics són la causa més freqüent de defunció en els accidents de trànsit en els que estan implicats vehicles de dues rodes. Malgrat la provada eficàcia de l'ús del casc per amortir les lesions en cas d'accidents, molts adolescents i joves no el fan servir o fan un ús incorrecte. El principal objectiu d'aquesta investigació és identificar les variables que millor prediuen l'ús del casc entre els adolescents. En la recerca es combinen la metodologia quantitativa i qualitativa i consta de dues fases. A la primera fase participen 876 estudiants de secundària (46,8% nois) amb edats compreses entre 14 i 18 anys. A la segona fase, s'estudien quatre casos d'adolescents que han patit un accident greu circulant amb ciclomotor i que no portaven el casc o feien un ús incorrecte. Els resultats suggereixen que l'edat i la influència social són les variables més rellevants per predir l'ús continuat del casc entre els adolescents. De l'estudi se'n deriven estratègies d'intervenció per incrementar l'ús del casc entre els dolescents.
The cerebral injuries as a result of cranio-encephalic traumatism are the most frequent cause of death in two-wheel vehicle accidents. In spite of the proven effectiveness of the use of the helmet to deaden injuries in the event of accidents, many teenagers and youngsters do not use it or use it incorrectly. The main goal of this research is to identify the variables that best predict the use of the helmet among adolescents. The research combines the use of quantitative and qualitative methodology and consists of two phases. 876 secondary students (46,8% boys) between 14 and 18 took part in the 1st phase. The 2nd phase consists in the study of 4 cases of teenagers who have suffered severe moped accidents while driving without helmet or using it incorrectly. The results suggest that the age and the social influence are the most relevant variables to predict the regular use of the helmet among the teenagers. The study results in intervention strategies to increase the use of the helmet among adolescents.
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Pribyl, David James 1963. "Nuclear excursions in criticality accidents with fissile solutions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276965.
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An accidental criticality may occur in a solution of fissile material. Since the processing of nuclear materials in solution is prevalent throughout the fuel cycle, it would be judicious to have the capability to predict a possible hazard. In view of this concern, a computer simulation was performed of the Los Alamos accident of December 30, 1958, in which the actuation of an electric stirrer produced a sudden criticality. A complete equation of state for a liquid containing gas bubbles was coupled with the equations of energy, momentum, and space-independent point kinetics. Multiplication calculations, implemented with the Monte Carlo Code for Neutron and Photon Transport (MCNP), were performed on thermally expanding solution geometries, to generate a reactivity feedback representation. With the knowledge of the total energy produced in the accident, the maximum reciprocal period on which the power rose was computed.
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Williams, Samuel Thomas. "The Implications of Pre-Work Safety Expectations for Workplace Accident Prevention." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3650.
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Young workers are overrepresented in workplace accidents. The aim of this study was to provide the first research exploration of relatively inexperienced neophyte’s pre-work safety expectations, and their associations with expected risk and expected trust. A model of neophyte safety expectations was developed and tested linking accident exposure and work exposure to safety expectations, expectations of trust (in both co-workers and management) and expectations of risk. Results provided partial support for the model, suggesting that neophytes enter work with inflated safety expectations that do not match the reality of the job, and revealed marked gender differences in safety expectations. Implications and future recommendations are discussed.
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SANTOS, MYRIAM BRITTO DOS. "ERGONOMICS, MENTAL WORKLOAD, RISKS, AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION: THE CASE OF HISTOTECHNICIANS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11694@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEm uma pesquisa descritiva e de estudo de campo, buscou-se avaliar quais indicadores de carga mental (CM) de trabalho são predominantes para a produção de acidentes em uma tarefa de microtomia. A carga mental depende das exigências da tarefa e do grau de mobilização do sujeito, da fração de sua capacidade de trabalho que ele investiu na tarefa, considerando-se que o grau de prazer e satisfação no trabalho pode variar em função da natureza da tarefa executada. Partiu-se da hipótese que os fatores de carga mental de trabalho associados ao risco de acidentes a que está exposto o operador no manuseio do micrótomo rotativo representam fonte de sofrimento psíquico. Os sinais de sofrimento psíquico podem ser vinculados à realização de tarefas consideradas perigosas e, muitas atividades de trabalho podem ocasionar desgastes e custos para o indivíduo de ordem física, mental, emocional e afetiva. Foi relevante examinar quais foram os fatores organizacionais referentes às condições ambientais e aos horários de trabalho, para uma ação preventiva, em conjunto aos fatores predominantes de carga mental. O suporte metodológico da pesquisa envolveu a elaboração de um questionário adaptado do método L.E.S.T. (Laboratório de Economia e Sociologia do Trabalho) que avalia a carga mental a partir de quatro indicadores, a saber, constrangimento de tempo; complexidade/rapidez; atenção, e minúcia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a variável complexidade-rapidez, minúcia e atenção podem ser consideradas como efetores para carga mental. A variável denominada fatores psicossociais não mostrou eficácia durante este processo de análise. Um aspecto relatado está associado aos acidentes produzidos durante a operação do equipamento e sua manutenção.
In a descriptive research and in a field study, we evaluated which indicators of mental workload are dominant factors in accident production in a microtomy task. The mental workload depends on the task demands and on the degree of mobilization of the worker, which is the fraction of his/her work capacity invested in the task considering itself that the degree of pleasure and satisfaction in work could vary as a function of the nature of executed task.From the hypothesis that the factors of mental workload associated to accident risks to which operators are exposed during handling of a rotative microtome represent a source of psychic suffering. The signals of psychic suffering could be related to the accomplishment of tasks considered as dangerous and many work activities could cause physical, mental, emotional and affective wearing and costs to individuals. Examining which organizational factors are related to environmental conditions and to working hours was relevant to a preventive action, as well as the dominant factors of mental workload. The research methodology involved the preparation of a questionnaire adapting the L.E.S.T. (Laboratoire d`Economie et Sociologie du Travail) method that evaluates the mental workload by four indicators, which are time constraint; complexity/ swiftness; attention; and detail. The results showed that complexity/swiftness, detail and attention indicators could be considered as effective indicators of mental workload. The indicator psychosocials factors did not presented efficacy in this analytical procedure. A reported feature is associated to accidents happening during the handling of equipment and its maintenance.
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Narine, Ganesh. "Causes and Prevention of Electric Power Industry Accidents: A Delphi Study." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7495.
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The electric power industry is very complex, dangerous, and challenging. The number of workplace accidents declined over the last decade, but worker injuries and fatalities continue to occur. The purpose of this Delphi study was to gain consensus regarding the most feasible and desirable methods to prevent accidents and deaths. The research question focused on gaining consensus from a panel of experts regarding the most desirable and feasible solutions to fatal and serious workplace accidents in the United States. The Bolman and Deal 4-frame model proved useful for understanding challenges within the electric industry and how workers and leaders can work together to best prevent accidents. Twenty-seven managers, trainers, supervisors, and workers, each with more than 10 years of experience in the United States electric power industry, responded to 30 items in the first round. The responses from the first round, where 70% or more of participants agreed, were analyzed using the NVivo 12 Plus software. Consensus occurred after each round: In the first round through the solutions participants provided. In the second round and later rounds, consensus occurred through acceptance of items with scores of 3 or higher on a 5-point Likert-type scale endorsed by 70% or more respondents. Participants decided if the solutions were desirable and feasible in the second round, and important and credible in rounds third and fourth. Participants concurred that organizational leadership, managers, supervisors, and workers were in different ways responsible for accident prevention. Supervisors and managers who communicated organizational priorities, and demanded strict compliance with policies, rules, and procedures, promote social change in a highly specialized industry.
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Silva, Denis Iaros Silva da. "A opinião da equipe de enfermagem sobre o uso do protocolo de prevenção de quedas em um hospital público federal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143118.
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Para a qualificação do processo de implantação do protocolo de quedas de uma instituição hospitalar, houve a necessidade de escutar a equipe de enfermagem em relação à como percebe o protocolo, suas qualidades, dificuldades e desafios. Estudo qualitativo descritivo desenvolvido num hospital público federal de Porto Alegre/RS, com o objetivo de descrever a opinião da equipe de enfermagem sobre o uso do protocolo de prevenção de quedas. A coleta das informações ocorreu em junho de 2015, por meio de questionário aberto, através de pergunta descritiva, tendo um total de 26 participantes. As informações foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias temáticas “A importância do protocolo”, “A melhor maneira de prevenir quedas”, “Pontos a serem melhorados no protocolo” e “Pontos fortes do protocolo”, sendo a categoria temática “Pontos a serem melhorados no protocolo” a mais evidenciada, tendo sido abordada por todos os participantes do estudo. Os profissionais trouxeram que percebem o protocolo como importante, mas que precisa ser adaptado ao contexto institucional e ao contexto dos diferentes setores, expandindo a responsabilidade da realização do mesmo para além da equipe de enfermagem. Os resultados possibilitam inferir que para ampliar a qualidade da assistência através da cultura de segurança do paciente e da otimização da prevenção de quedas nos ambientes hospitalares, torna-se importante a participação dos profissionais na implantação dos protocolos.To qualify the process of implementation of accidental falls protocol from an institutional hospital, there was the necessity to listen to the nursing staff, concerning how they perceive the protocol, its qualities, difficulties and challenges. This is a qualitative and descriptive study, which was developed at a public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. It aimed to describe the nursing team’s opinion about using the protocol falls prevention. Data collection was carried out in June 2015 through opened questionnaire and descriptive questions, from which 26 persons participated. Data was submitted to content analysis, from which resulted thematic categories: “The protocol importance”, “The best way to prevent accidental falls”, “Protocol: things to be improved” and “Protocol: real strength”, being the thematic category “Protocol: things to be improved” the most evidenced, which was also approached by all participants. Professional brought up that they notice the protocol as important, but it has to be adapted to the institutional context and to the different sectors’ context either, expanding the responsibility to beyond the nursing staff. The results enabled to infer that the participation of professionals to implementing the protocols is important, in order to extend the quality of assistance through the culture of patient’s safety and optimization of fall prevention in hospitals.
Para la cualificación del proceso de implantación del protocolo de caídas de un hospital, hubo la necesidad de escuchar el equipo de enfermería en relación a como se lo percibe el protocolo, sus calidades, dificultades y desafíos. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado en un hospital público federal de Porto Alegre/RS. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la opinión del equipo de enfermería sobre el uso del protocolo de prevención de caídas. La recolecta de datos fue llevado a cabo en junio de 2015, por medio de cuestionario abierto, a través de pregunta descriptiva, teniendo un total de 26 participantes. Las informaciones fueron sometidas al análisis de contenido, resultando en las categorías temáticas “La importancia del protocolo”, “La mejor manera de prevenir caídas”, “Puntos a serien mejorados en el protocolo” y “Puntos fuertes del protocolo”, siendo la categoría temática “Puntos a serien mejorados en el protocolo” la más evidenciada, teniendo sido abordada por todos los participantes de estudio. Los profesionales trajeran que perciben el protocolo como importante, más que precisa ser adaptado al contexto institucional y al contexto de los distintos sectores, expandiendo la responsabilidad de la realización del mismo para además del equipo de enfermería. Los resultados posibilitan inferir que para ampliar la calidad de la asistencia a través de la cultura de seguridad del paciente y de la optimización de la prevención de caídas en los hospitales, se torna importante la participación de los profesionales en la implementación de los protocolos.
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Calvo, Élodie. "Accidents de masse et responsabilité pénale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0323/document.
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Les dommages de masse regroupent de nombreuses situations comme les accidents technologiques, les crises sanitaires ou encore les catastrophes environnementales. Bien qu'elles tendent à se multiplier, ces situations peinent à être prises en compte par le droit pénal actuel. Le but de cette thèse est de rechercher dans quelle mesure le droit pénal peut sanctionner les responsables de tels dommages, quels sont les obstacles à cette prise en compte et comment y pallier. Des questions telles que les difficultés liées à la certitude causale, à la prise en compte de l'ampleur des atteintes portées au corps social ou encore à l'intégration du principe de précaution en droit pénal y sont donc étudiéesIn times of consumerism and mass production, news has provided us examples of technological, sanitary and environmental disasters which have required criminal law. Nevertheless, criminal law doesn’t seem to be perfectly adapted to the reality of mass accidents.In one hand, it appears that the resultant of mass accidents is an assault to a group of people, goods and environmental elements affected by one single harmful event. However, considering that one of the criminal law principles is the indifference to the number of victims, the massive aspect of the mass accident is not taken into account as a resultant of the offence. Thus, these accidents can only be punished by the means of general offences. However, due to the difficulty of establishing the causal link, those offences are not easy to identify. Indeed, such damages are often caused by multiple factors, which leads us to another question about the causal sequence of events and about the certainty of each cause.In the other hand, about repression, mass accidents are often caused by legal entities, which leads us to another difficult question: the criminal liability of societies and enterprises. In the same way, mass accidents are often the resultant of private or public-decisions-makers’ actions or omissions; their link to the offence can follow various rules. The punishment for those massive accidents, especially for the environmental ones, is also a difficult question; therefore, it is necessary to adapt criminal sentences to the specificities of those situations. Eventually, the main question remains the one about the evolution of criminal law, that needs to take into account the collective dimension of massive accidents, notably by creating specifics offences
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Stratikopoulos, Dimitrios M. "Identification of pollution prevention and accident prevention technology opportunities for use in supplemental environmental projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43570.
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