Academic literature on the topic 'Accidents de la route – Côte d'Ivoire'

SummaryThe White-breasted Guineafowl Agelastes meleagrides, an endangered endemic bird of the Upper Guinea forests of West Africa, was studied in Taï National Park, south-west Côte d'Ivoire, from February 1989 to February 1991. Groups of guineafowl were followed, with notes made on behaviour, movements, diet and habitat; droppings were collected, photographs taken and sound recordings made.There were 118 sightings of the birds, with 120 hours of direct observation. Average group size was 15.8, and young birds were seen on 12 occasions in the months November to May. The birds prefer dry, closed-canopy forest, and avoid wet valley bottoms. They spend much of the day walking over the forest floor searching for food, scratching leaves noisily and uttering a fairly continuous quiet “twitter”. Around 60% of each day is spent feeding, and the birds appear to eat mainly invertebrates. Intra-group aggression or chasing occurs with some frequency. Preening is also frequent, accounting for around 20% of the day. Alertness, walking and inactivity occur for short periods throughout the day. The birds roost in thin understorey trees, with group members spread over around 30×30 m.The birds range over approximately 0.9 km2, and during the day follow a convoluted route. If one group encounters another, fierce inter-group aggression may ensue. Over much of Taï Forest, an average group of guineafowl is likely to consist of around 16 birds and range over approximately 1 km2. The population of the birds in Taï National Park may number perhaps 30,000–40,000 birds. The conservation of White-breasted Guineafowl will be best achieved through the protection of its remaining forest habitat and prevention of hunting.

This study aims to make SODECI (water distribution) better known by the Ivorian populations. Indeed, very few studies have been made on it to make it known. Therefore, this study raises the problem of ignorance of this strategic tool in the supply of drinking water in Côte d'Ivoire. To solve this problem, a methodology based on documentary research and interview has allowed to track its development route. Thus, from its creation, it will undergo a remarkable development but it will later face crises that will affect it without undermining its fundamentals. Until late 2015, it served 964 villages and 13,745,067 inhabitants that is a national coverage of 68%. The fruit of his prowess is put to the credit of an exceptional managerial policy and a civic attitude during the Ivorian crisis that rocked and split the country in 2002.

Among the neglected tropical disease, Buruli ulcer (BU) is a real public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. Facing this pathology, international and national institutions to combat advocate for people in endemic areas early detection and immediate use of support centers at the first signs. However, patients continue to attend late care centers with large ulcerative lesions. Therefore, healing requires a long-term hospitalization that requires medical and surgical treatment. The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors that change the therapeutic route of BU patients and constraints socio - economic issues related to their hospitalisation. This is a qualitative and quantitative study. We used the technique of reasoned choice. It covered 55 patients met at the Djekanou care center in the Toumodi Health District. Data were collected through structured and semi - structured interviews based on questionnaires, individual interview guides and focus groups. A significant proportion of patients with BU are children and adolescents. The sick are accompanied by a parent who takes care of them. Awareness campaigns, community health workers, television and radio did not really help to change the therapeutic itinerary of patients. The patients encountered testify to the ineffectiveness of traditional care. The hospitalization of patients is marked by difficulties of several kinds.

Aims: To understand the role of the interannual variability of cumulative rainfall and maximum dry sequences in cocoa production in the Centre-Ouest, one of the cocoa basins in Côte d'Ivoire, in order to propose technical routes more adapted to current rainfall conditions.
 Study Design: Collection, analysis and processing of daily rainfall data collected by the rain gauges at Divo and Gagnoa stations.
 Location and Duration of Studies: Divo Cocoa Research Station of the National Center for Agricultural Research, between January 2017 and June 2019.
 Methodology: The rainfall regime of each locality was determined to assess the impact of rainfall changes on the seasonality of rainfall. The interannual variability of rainfall was studied from the reduced centred rainfall indices. The break years in the time series were detected at both stations from the Khrono Stat software. The interannual cumulative rainfall were analysed for each station and compared to the minimum threshold allowed for cocoa trees. The means of the maximum interannual dry sequences and their probabilities of occurrence were determined using the agrometeorological software called Instat + Version 3.37.
 Results: The rainfall regime in the area studied (west-central Côte d'Ivoire) has not been modified by the post-rupture rainfall recession as is the case in other parts of the country; it remains a bimodal system characterized by two rainy seasons and two dries during the year. The Divo and Gagnoa regions have been facing a general recession in rainfall since 1966 in Gagnoa and 1972 in Divo. However, the locality of Gagnoa has experienced an increase in rainfall since 2000. Most of the rupture detection tests identified rainfall rupture dates identical to those indicated by the interannual variability highlighted by the rainfall indices. In Gagnoa and Divo, the interannual cumulative rainfalls after the years of rainfall break are reduced compared to those before these rainfall accidents. This situation has led to an increase in the maximum interannual dry sequences in the departments studied.
 Conclusion: Local climate change has created difficult rainfall conditions after years of rainfall break for cocoa trees as their water needs are increasingly reduced, especially in Divo in Lôh-Djiboua where the downward trend in rainfall has been continuous since 1972. In Gagnoa since the beginning of this century, there has been a new wet period that allows rainfall to adequately meet the cocoa tree's water requirements.

Mosquitoes have developed resistance, hence the need for anti-malarial medicines. This resistance calls for therapeutic an interest to therapeutic alternatives, including the medicinal plants. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted amongst 15 Traditional Healers, recommended by the National Program for the Promotion of Traditional Medicine using semi-structured interviews in the city of Bouna. The ethnobotanical survey conducted in 2019 has enabled the identification of 32 plant species belonging to 30 genera and grouped into 19 families. The most represented families were Fabaceae (5 species) Anacardiaceae (4 species), Annonaceae (3 species), Rubiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, and Combretaceae with 2 species each. The species were mostly trees (63.63%). Leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants (44.4%). The results of our investigations show that the most used mode is the decoction (42.22%). The oral route (60%) is the most used mode of administration. These species complete the non-exhaustive list of medicinal plants that the populations of Cote d'Ivoire use. It was found out that, people in this area commonly use medicinal plants with trust they have built on the curative outcome witnessed. However, this creates a further work to test for the antiplasmodial activity and to develop of Traditional Improved Medicines (MTAs).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive environmental pollutants of high toxicity. Due to their lipophilic characteristics, they tend to accumulate in the food chain. Human exposure to PAHs seems inevitable and the main route of exposure is food. The presence of PAHs in kolanut could cause serious health problem for consumers and slow down the export to new markets, which would constitute a significant shortfall for all actors in the kola sector.This study aimed to detrmined the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in kolanuts and estimate the exposure risks of nuts consumption by Ivorian population. Samples were collected from farmers, rural collectors, urban stores in districts (Mountains, Comoe, Lagoons, Down-Sassandra) and big storage centers of Anyama and Bouake cities. Concentrations of 9 PAHs (B[a]P, B[b]F, B[a]A, CHR, FLA, B[k]F, D[ah]A, B[ghi]P and IcdP) were measured using an Adept brand High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) / visible CE 4200 (CECIL) detector. Data showed the average concentration of PAHs in kolanuts at 1.22 ± 0.86 µg/kg. The PAHs concentrations expressed in BaP equivalent (BaPeq) ranging from 0.0009 ± 0.0003 µg/kg-BaPeq to 0.88 ± 0.24 µg/kg-BaPeq for B[ghi] P and D[ah]A. Based on the concentrations and the daily consumption of kolanuts estimated at 0.6 g/person in Côte d'Ivoire, the intakes values estimated of PAHs vary from 6.10-5 µg-BaPeq /day to 6.48.10-4 µg-BaPeq/day with an average of 3.06.10-4 ± 6.6.10-5 µg-BaPeq/day. The exposure daily doses (EDD) are all lower than the toxicity reference values (5 ng-BaPeq/kg BW/d). Thus, the occurrence of a toxic effect from PAHs after kolanuts consumption is very unlikely since the hazard quotient (HQ) are all less than 1. The risk of developing cancer is less than one case per 1,000,000 people.

La présente étude comporte deux parties dont la première est consacrée à l'examen des règles générales de recevabilité posées par le code de procédure pénale. Dans cette première partie sont analysées les conditions de recevabilité imposées par l'article 2, al. 1er. Il s'agit de l'exigence d'une faute pénale et de celle d'un préjudice direct et personnel. Mais cette étude ne se limite pas aux seules conditions de recevabilité posées par le code de procédure pénale. Elle a également le mérite d'aborder, dans la deuxième partie, l'examen de certaines autres règles ayant une incidence sur la recevabilité de l'action civile. En effet, dès lors que des règles particulières instituent un régime spécial d'indemnisation de la victime, ou lorsqu'il y a collision des règles relatives à la faillite ou à la liquidation judiciaire avec celles du code de procédure pénale, la recevabilité de l'action civile échappe à ces dernières pour être soumise aux exigences du contexte sociopolitique et économique de la Côte d'Ivoire<br>This study is composed of two parts. The first one deals with the general rules of admissibility laid down in the code of criminal procedure. In this part the requirements of admissibility prescribed by section 2 subjection 1 are analysed. These conditions are two : first a criminal fault and secondly a direct and personal injury. But this study is not limited to the requirements of admissibility contained in the code of criminal procedure. In the second part, it also examines different other rules having an influence on the admissibility of the civil action. For, when there are particular rules establishing a special system of compensation of the victim or when there is a clash between bankruptcy rules and rules of the code of criminal procedure, the admissibility of the civil action is not submitted to the latter but to the demands of the social, political and economical background of the Ivory Coast

L'objectif de notre thèse est d'évaluer le rôle de l'alcool et autres substances psychoactives dans la survenue et la gravité des traumatismes dus aux Accidents de la Voie Publique (AVP) en Côte d'Ivoire. Nous avons initié un recueil de données sur 893 victimes tuées ou blessées suite à un AVP, et admises aux urgences ou à l'Institut de Médecine Légale d'Abidjan. Ces données hospitalières ont été couplées aux données policières et aux résultats d'analyses toxicologiques. La méthode de dosage de l'alcoolémie par CPG-FID a démontré qu'elle répond parfaitement aux critères de performances analytiques recommandés en termes de fidélité, d'exactitude, de linéarité, de stabilité et de limite de quantification. Les niveaux d'alcoolémie chez les victimes au moment de l'AVP, sont élevés et compatibles avec un profil d'alcoolisation excessive. Plus de 75% des conducteurs alcoolisés ont une alcoolémie supérieure à 1g/L. Les prévalences d'alcoolémie au-delà de 0,8g/L sont de 41% chez les conducteurs de véhicules légers 4 roues, 35% chez les 2-roues, 17% chez les piétons et 13% chez les passagers. L'usage des autres substances psychoactives est moins fréquent chez les victimes (11%) et souvent associé à une alcoolémie supérieure à 0,8g/L. L'évaluation du risque de blessures graves (NISS9+) en fonction du degré d'alcoolisation suggère que les victimes avec une alcoolémie modérée ont un risque de blessures graves plus élevé en comparaison avec les victimes sobres (OR = 7,7; IC95% : 2,5-24,2). Au terme de cette thèse, nous proposons une procédure fiable de dosage de l'alcoolémie chez les victimes d'AVP et des mesures concrètes pour la prévention des traumatismes par AVP en Côte d'Ivoire<br>We implemented a data collecting process including 893 victims who died or were injured following a RTA, and were admitted to the Emergency Room or to the Forensic Institute in Abidjan. This hospital-based data was linked with police data and toxicological testing. The method developed in our laboratory for blood alcohol determination using GC-FID demonstrated a good compliance with analytical performance requirements in terms of repeatability, accuracy, linearity, stability and limit of quantification. Blood alcohol levels found in victims at the time of the RTA were compatible with an excessive alcohol intake. More than 75% of drivers with a positive alcohol test had a blood alcohol concentration greater than 1g/L. Prevalence of alcohol above 0.8g/L reaches 41% in light four-wheel drivers, 35% in two-wheel riders, 17% in pedestrian and 13% in passengers. The prevalence of psychoactive drugs was lower (11%) compared to alcohol and usually associated with blood alcohol level greater than 0.8g/L. The assessment of the risk of serious injury (NISS9+) associated to the level of blood alcohol content suggest that victims showing a moderate blood alcohol level are more at risk to sustain serious injury compared to sober victims (OR = 7.7; IC95% : 2.5 – 24.2). In conclusion, we make some practical proposals to strengthen and for facilitating the application of the current law concerning driving under the influence of alcohol. We also make recommendations for prevention of road traffic injuries in the Ivory Coast

Comme dans les autres pays ouest africains, les transports en Côte d'Ivoire ont connu un programme d'ajustement qui a notamment conduit à la dérégulation du secteur. Les conséquences de cette politique furent, entre autres, la libéralisation du transport routier et la privatisation du chemin de fer «Abidjan-Niger ». Malgré ces réformes, les infrastructures de transport sont dégradées et les services restent très inégaux. C'est dans ce contexte que se pose aujourd'hui la question du rôle du corridor rail/route ivoiro-burkinabé en Côte d'Ivoire. Ce corridor de transport qui relie le port d'Abidjan à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso ne participe-t-il pas davantage au désenclavement des pays limitrophes qu'à celui des territoires ivoiriens? L'analyse des circulations au niveau de l'axe montre deux faits. D'une part, il se présente comme un axe majeur qui participe à la structuration des territoires traversés comme à Bouaké ou à Ouangolodougou, et d'autre part, il apparaît comme un axe qui produit de l'enclavement comme par exemple pour les localités de Loho, Boli, Raviart ou Céchi qui, bien que situées sur le chemin de fer, restent difficiles d'accès. Ces deux phénomènes révèlent le rôle ambivalent du corridor et amène à relativiser son importance dans la structuration du territoire national ivoirien<br>Like in other West African countries, transportation in Ivory Coast has gone through a structural adjustment program which has led to the deregulation of the industry. Among others, the consequences of this policy have been both the liberalization of road transports and the privatization of the "Abidjan-Niger" railway. Following these reforms, transport infrastructures are scratched and services remain unequal. ln this nowadays context, the issue of the function of the Ivory Coast-Burkina Faso railway/road corridor in Ivory Coast can be considered. Does this corridor which links the Abidjan harbor to Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, participate more to the opening up of the adjacent countries or to Ivorian territories? The analysis of the circulations on the corridor highlights two major elements. On the one hand, it appears as a major axis which participates to the setting-up of the territories it goes through, such as Bouaké or Ouangolodougou. On the other hand, it appears as an axis which generates inaccessibility such as regarding Loho, Boli, Raviart or Céchi, which, despite located along the railway, remain difficult to reach. The two phenomena show the ambivalent role of the corridor and lead to consider with relativeness its importance in the Ivorian national territory structuration

Le regime juridique des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles en cote d'ivoire est fait d'un corpus de regles legislatives et reglementaires qui a ete transmis a l'epoque coloniale. L'importation de ces divers textes d'un pays a economie industrielle vers un autre pays a economie de type artisanal n'a pas facilite une adhesion massive de la population dont l'activite doit etre regie. Il en resulte que ce droit est demeure inadapte et decale par rapport a la population ivoirienne qui ne l'a pas adopte et a la situation reelle. Ce regime juridique tel qu'il existe dans sa configuration actuelle est non seulement inadapte mais il reste en plus mal applique il est necessaire, non seulement de faire un toilettage de ce qui existe, mais de faire un rapport nouveau pour doter le pays d'une legislation efficace les pouvoirs publics ivoiriens et le legislateur devront rapidement intervenir pour l'emergence d'un droit positif ivoirien, en la matiere par l'adoption de textes originaux et actualises qui tiendrait compte, afin de les integrer a la sphere juridique, les activites agricoles et le secteur informel<br>The legal code for professionnal accidents and sickness on the workplace in cote d'ivoire is taken from the body of law and regulations which were imposed in cote d'ivoire during the colonial era. The transplanting of these diverse texts from an industrialised country to a country whose economy was based ont the economy of small artisans and agriculture did not facilitate a large coverage of the working population in cote d'ivoire. The current laws are not only insuitable for the cote d'ivoire but have also, to a large extent been poorly applied. It is not only necessary to reform the current laws, but also to write new legislation that is more suitable to the actual situation in the country. The government and the public service must rapidly intervene to create a body of laws that are truely adapted to the cote d'ivoire. This would require new and original texts which take into account an integration of the law the agricultural and small sector of the economy in cote d'ivoire

Dans la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou (Centre Est de la Côte d'Ivoire), l'alimentation en eau des populations se fait essentiellement au moyen de puits et forages. Ceux-ci ont été implantés dans les aquifères du socle au cours des différentes campagnes d'hydraulique villageoise mises en place dans ce secteur. L'analyse du taux de réussite et de la productivité de ces forages montre que leur implantation n'a pas toujours été optimale. Afin d'optimiser l'implantation de nouveaux forages, il semble donc nécessaire et primordial de caractériser l'hydrodynamique du socle fracturé. A cette fin, la présente étude procède d'abord à une caractérisation géologique puis hydrogéologique de la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou. Ensuite, sont élaborés des modèles conceptuels géologiques et hydrogéologiques, qui décrivent la structure de l'aquifère et précisent les propriétés hydrodynamiques de ses différentes couches composites. Ces modèles géologiques et hydrogéologiques permettent de simuler numériquement l'écoulement régional. La caractérisation géologique de la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou est basée sur une description des différentes formations géologiques de la région ; des hypothèses sur leur mise en place et les cycles d'érosion et d'altération qu'elles ont subis ; et une cartographie des discontinuités régionales par photo-interprétation d'image Radar rehaussée par la technique de filtrages adaptatifs. Les discontinuités identifiées sur l'image rehaussée sont validées à partir d'informations géologiques (données de fracturation mesurées à l'affleurement et données de fracturation relevées sur carte géologique).La caractérisation hydrogéologique de la région de Dimbokro-Bongouanou est basée sur la description des aquifères de la région et l'identification du rôle des discontinuités régionales dans les écoulements souterrains. La technique proposée à cet effet consiste à analyser les corrélations entre le débit des forages et leur distance au linéament le plus proche.Il est ainsi constaté que le débit des forages est inversement proportionnel à la distance à la discontinuité la plus proche. En d'autres termes, plus le forage est proche d'une discontinuité régionale, plus son débit est important. L'interprétation des lithologs, des données géologiques à l'affleurement et des données de résistivités électriques permet de proposer un modèle conceptuel géologique représentatif du profil d'altération type pour chaque domaine géologique de la région. En particulier, le modèle proposé décrit la structuration verticale du profil d'altération pour les trois principales formations géologiques de la région: les granites, les métasédiments et les métavolcanites. La caractérisation de la structure de l'aquifère permet ensuite de proposer un modèle conceptuel hydrogéologique pour chacun des profils d'altération basé sur l'analyse statistique des arrivées d'eau et de l'interprétation des données d'essais par pompage de différents forages. Cela permet d'identifier pour chaque formation les profondeurs de fréquence, de densité et de débit des arrivées d'eau ainsi que les couches du profil associées aux zones de conductivité et de productivité (débit spécifique) élevées.L'ensemble de ces informations géologiques et hydrogéologiques permet de proposer une modélisation conceptuelle de l'hydrosystème étudié (une partie du Bassin du NZI,environ 6300km2) ainsi qu'une modélisation numériques de l'écoulement, celle-ci servant de base à une réflexion sur la pertinence de l'information disponible et d'une modélisation discrète dans ce type d'environnement au vu des objectifs affichés (modèle de gestion et d'aide à la décision pour l'implantation de nouveaux forages)<br>The hydraulic characterization of fractured basement in Dimbokro-Bongouanou region, Côte d'Ivoire, is an essential step to achieve an optimization of new well locations, in terms of success rates and productivity.To this end, this study first proposes conceptual models of weathering profile for the three main geological formations of the region: granites, metasediments and metavolcanic rocks. Based on in-situ observations, interpretations of lithology and cycles of erosion and alteration, the typical weathering profiles are proposed for each type geological. These are formed from top to bottom of layers alloterite, isalterite, fissured and fractured fresh basement. The fissured layer shows the maximum density of fractures in the metavolcanic rocks and métasédiments, while the fractured fresh basement concentrates the highest density of fractures in granites. Moreover, interpretation of data from pumping tests conducted in various hydraulic programs indicate that the productivity of wells is not proportional to the depth due to variation, at region scale of the thickness of the fissured layer and fractured fresh basement which totalize the maximum of water arrivals. The spatial variation of hydraulic conductivity and productivity (specific rate) is influenced by the thickness of the fissured layer, alloterite layer of the weathering profile and topography. The regional fractures of the fractured fresh basement are also areas of high productivity, as evidenced by the negative correlation between rate of productive wells and distance to these fractures. A methodology of regional fractures mapping from the use of a Radar image and hydrogeological data is suggested.All of these geological and hydrogeological informations are finally integrated into a flow model and the simulated groundwater levels are compared with measured piezometric. It thus appears that the values of hydraulic conductivities deduced from pumping tests are 103 times lower than those that reproduce the regional flow. In addition, a dual approach (equivalent continuum for alterite layer and fissured layer vs. discrete fracture of the base) confirms the role of accidents in the regional flows