Academic literature on the topic 'Accidents de la route – Statistiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Accidents de la route – Statistiques"
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Goré, Catherine, and Catherine Gore. "Statistiques et réalité de la mortalité par accidents de la route." Population (French Edition) 44, no. 6 (November 1989): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533445.
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Lauwick, P. "(A246) Secourisme Aux Permis De Conduire: Quel Programme Retenir?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002329.
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La réalisation de gestes de secours adaptés par le premier témoin diminue la mortalité et réduit les séquelles pour les survivants après accident et détresse vitale. L'Académie Nationale de Médecine Française a souhaité, dans un rapport adopté en juin 2010 une systématisation des obligations de formation de la population au secourisme, soulignant le retard de la France en la matière. L'Automobile Club Médical de France (ACMF) souhaite rebondir sur la dynamique induite par ce travail afin de concevoir un programme spécifique de premiers secours aux accidentés de la route. Il souhaite une généralisation rapide de son enseignement à tous les candidats aux permis de conduire. L'objectif d'avoir lors de chaque accident du trafic un premier témoin capable de maintenir la survie des victimes en attendant l'arrivée des secours professionnels est clair. Le contenu de cet enseignement et les modalités pédagogiques sont en cours de réflexion par un groupe réuni à l'initiative de l'ACMF. Cette proposition sera soumise à l'observatoire national du secourisme en charge de la validation des contenus. La séquence de formation ainsi retenue aura vocation à devenir le module de base pour la formation des usagers de la route, à l'image du module “Alerter-Masser-Défibriller” dans le domaine de l'urgence cardiaque. Nous présenterons donc les principales causes et les statistiques estimées de morts évitables par l'intervention des premiers témoins.Puis nous décrirons les gestes réalisables par tout citoyen formé: alerte rapide et adaptée, prévention des sur-accidents, libération des voies aériennes supérieures, arrêt des saignements visibles. Ce programme sera une formation courte, pratique et gestuelle.
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Chafika, Hebbar, Tires Hachemi, and Hassani Maya Meriem. "Risque routier et securite routiere en Algerie." Territorium, no. 27(I) (January 22, 2020): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_27-1_10.
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Si la voiture est le moyen de transport le plus utilisé, les accidents routiers sont la principale cause de décès. Les trois acteurs de la conduite sont : le Conducteur, le Véhicule et l’Infrastructure. L’Algérie est classée parmi les pays qui enregistrent un nombre élevé d’accidents ces dernières années. Les statistiques du centre national de prévention et sécurité routière algérien, montrent que les causes directes des accidents de circulation sont liées à l’homme, au véhicule et à l’environnement. Le comportement humain se manifeste par l’excès de vitesse, suivi de l’alcoolémie et non-respect du code de la route. Nous proposons des mesures qui contribueraient à la réduction des accidents ; Ceci par l’adoption et l’application des lois, prenant en compte les facteurs de risque, les compagnes de sensibilisation et de prévention des catégories sociales concernées par la mortalité routière. Ces propositions peuvent être lancées à travers les mass-médias, la réduction de l’utilisation du véhicule individuel et l’encouragement du transport commun en contribuant à la préservation de la santé humaine et la lutte contre l’apparition des maladies cardio-vasculaires.
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Tornquist, Carmen Susana. "« Retournez à vos fourneaux » : réflexions sur la mobilité urbaine et la violence routière dans l’île de la Magie." Articles 22, no. 1 (August 31, 2009): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037796ar.
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Résumé Cet article présente une recherche en cours qui analyse les représentations sociales d’événements tels les accidents de la circulation routière dans une ville brésilienne. Le trafic urbain y est considéré comme un scénario central de la vie urbaine contemporaine, sorte de « lieu de passage » constitutif de l’espace public, où les sujets établissent des relations fugaces mais significatives de leurs représentations de l’Autre marquées par l’identification ou par le conflit et la violence. Le texte analyse les représentations de genre et générationnelles présentes dans les statistiques dites de « violence du trafic urbain » dans une perspective socioanthropologique et féministe, en envisageant les relations entre le modèle brésilien de développement et d’urbanisation, fortement privatisé et centré sur la route, et l’arrivée des femmes sur le marché du travail et de la mobilité urbaine.
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Yao, Xiaoquan, Robin Skinner, Steven McFaull, and Wendy Thompson. "Aperçu - Décès attribuables à des blessures au Canada en 2015." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 39, no. 6/7 (June 2019): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.6/7.03f.
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Les blessures demeurent un sujet de préoccupation pour la santé publique au Canada. Disposer de données nationales sur les décès attribuables à des blessures est indispensable pour comprendre l’importance et le profil des blessures. Nous avons utilisé pour cet article la base de données sur les décès des statistiques de l’état civil pour examiner les décès associés aux blessures en 2015. Nous avons réparti les blessures par cause de décès et nous avons effectué une analyse plus approfondie par catégorie de blessure en fonction du sexe et de l’âge. Les blessures non intentionnelles étaient à la sixième place des causes de décès en général, ce classement variant selon le sexe. Les principales causes de décès attribuables à des blessures non intentionnelles étaient les chutes, les empoisonnements, les accidents de la route et la suffocation, avec des variations selon les groupes d’âge.
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Rallu, Jean-Louis. "Conduite automobile et accidents de la route." Population (French Edition) 45, no. 1 (January 1990): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533259.
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Bourgeois, Isabelle. "Accidents de la route : différences de culture." Regards sur l’économie allemande, no. 116-117 (July 1, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rea.4831.
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Li, Yafei. "Analysis and Forecast of Global Civil Aviation Accidents for the Period 1942-2016." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5710984.
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With the increase of global civil aviation transportation, more and more researchers pay attention to the analysis of civil aviation accidents. Time series analysis can obtain the variation law in a large amount of data, and there is no research result of aviation accident time series yet. Based on the Mann-Kendall trend analysis and mutation analysis methods, this paper studied the change trend of accidents and casualties in different flight stages of civil aviation and built ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model) time series analysis model to predict the number of civil aviation accidents and casualties by the long-term data in the world. (1) The number of civil aviation accidents fluctuates generally in the world; from 1942 to 2016, there were two fluctuation periods of civil aviation accidents. (2) The number of global civil aviation casualties from 1942 to 2016 showed a parabola trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The highest number of casualties appeared in 1972, which was 2373; on the different flight stages, the number of accidents was different. In the air route and approach phase, the number of accidents was the most, and the number of casualties was more than other flight phases, accounting for about 50% of the whole flight phase. (3) In addition to the land phase, the number of accidents showed a significant decrease in other flight phases; while the air route and total number of casualties decreased significantly, the number of casualties at other flight phases did not decrease significantly. There were no sudden changes in the number of global civil aviation accidents and approach casualties. (4) The sudden change point of the global civil aviation casualties was 2013, the sudden change point of the air route stage accidents was 1980, the sudden change point of approach stage accidents was 2012, and the sudden change point of air route stage casualties was 2006. According to the ARIMA (1,0,1) model, the numbers of global civil aviation accidents and casualties were predicted to 2025. Through time series research, we have explored the variation law in the historical data of long-term aviation accidents and predicted the possible changes of future aviation accidents, providing data reference for aviation safety research.
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Cara, Maurice, L. Auquier, P. Banzet, R. Boulu, M. Cara, M. Goulon, L. Hollender, R. Nordmann, and Ph Vichard. "La médecine face aux accidents de la route." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 187, no. 6 (June 2003): 1169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)33946-9.
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Cottencin, O., S. Duhem, F. Ducrocq, A. L. Demarty, and G. Vaiva. "Conduites addictives, psychotraumatisme et accidents de la route." Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 167, no. 7 (September 2009): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2009.07.009.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Accidents de la route – Statistiques"
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DECHELETTE, PASCAL. "Contribution a l'etude des accidents de la voie publique chez l'enfant : statistique sur marseille nord." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20122.
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Meguellati, Fatima. "Estimation par approximation de Laplace dans les modèles GLM Mixtes : application à la gravité corporelle maximale des accidents de la route." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10204/document.
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Cette thèse est une contribution à la construction de méthodes statistiques applicables à l’évaluation (modélisation et estimation) de certains indices utilisés pour analyser la gravité corporelle des accidents de la route. On se focalise sur quatre points lors du développement de la méthodologie adoptée : la sélection des variables (ou facteurs) présentant un effet aléatoire, la construction de modèles logistique-normaux mixtes, l’estimation des paramètres par approximation de Laplace et PQL (quasi-vraisemblance pénalisée), et la comparaison de la performance des méthodes d’estimation. Dans une première contribution, on construit un modèle logistique-Normal avec « Type de collision » comme variable à effet aléatoire pour analyser la gravité corporelle maximale observée dans un échantillon de véhicules accidentés. Des méthodes d’estimation fondées sur l’approximation de Laplace de la log-vraisemblance sont proposées pour estimer et analyser la contribution des variables présentes dans le modèle. On compare, par simulation, cette approximation Laplacienne à celle basée sur l’adaptation des polynômes de Gauss-Hermite (AGH). On montre que les deux approches sont équivalentes par rapport à la précision de l’estimation bien qu’AGH soit légèrement supérieure. Une deuxième contribution consiste à adapter certains algorithmes de la famille PQL à l’estimation des paramètres d’un deuxième modèle et à comparer sa performance en termes de biais aux méthodes de Laplace et AGH. Deux exemples de données simulées illustrent les résultats obtenus. Dans une troisième et dense contribution, on identifie plusieurs modèles logistique-normaux mixtes avec plus d’un effet aléatoire. La convergence numérique des algorithmes (Laplace, AGH, PQL) ainsi que la précision des estimations sont étudiées. Des simulations ainsi qu’une base de données détaillées d’accidents sont utilisées pour analyser la performance des modèles à détecter des véhicules contenant des usagers ayant des blessures graves corporelles maximales. Une programmation orientée R accompagnent l’ensemble des résultats obtenus. La thèse se termine sur des perspectives relatives aux critères de sélection de modèles GLM Mixtes et à l’extension de ces modèles à la famille multinomialeThis thesis is a contribution to the construction of statistical methods for the evaluation (modeling and estimation) of some indices used to analyze the injury severity of road crashes. We focus on four points during the development of the adopted methodology: the random variables (or factors) selection, the construction of mixed logistic-Normal model, the parameters estimation by Laplace approximation and PQL (penalized quasi-likelihood) and the performance comparison of the estimation methods. In a first contribution, a logistic-Normal model is constructed with "collision type" as random variable to analyze the maximum injury severity observed in a sample of crashed vehicles. Estimation methods based on the Laplace approximation of the log-likelihood are proposed to estimate and analyze the contribution of variables in the model. We compare, by simulation, this Laplacian approximation to those based on the adaptation of Gauss-Hermite polynomials (AGH). We show that the two approaches are equivalent with respect to the accuracy of the estimate although AGH is superior. A second contribution is to adapt some algorithms of PQL family to estimate the parameters of a second model and compare its performance to Laplace and AGH methods in terms of bias. Two examples of simulated data illustrate the obtained results. In a third and dense contribution, we identify several mixed logistic-Normal models with more than one random effect. The convergence of the algorithms (Laplace, AGH, and PQL) and the precision of the estimates are investigated. Simulations as well as a database of detailed crash data are used to analyze the models performance to detect vehicles containing users with maximum injury severity. Programming oriented R accompany all results. The thesis concludes with perspectives on GLM Mixed models selection criteria and the extension of these models to the multinomial family
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Tay, Meng Keat. "Analyses des scènes dynamiques: Application à l´assistance à la conduite." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0168.
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Le développement des véhicules autonomes a reçu une attention croissant ces dernières années, notamment les secteurs de la défense et de l'industrie automobile. L'intérêt pour l'industrie automobile est motivé par la conception de véhicules sûrs et confortables. Une raison commune derrière la plupart des accidents de la circulation est due au manque de vigilance du conducteur sur la route. Cette thèse se trouve dans le problématique de l'estimation des risques de collision pour un véhicule dans les secondes qui suivent en condition de circulation urbaines. Les systèmes actuellement disponibles dans le commerce sont pour la plupart conçus pour prévenir les collisions avant, arrières, ou latérales. Ces systèmes sont généralement équipés d'un capteur de type radar, à l'arrière, à l'avant ou sur les côtés pour mesurer la vitesse et la distance aux obstacles. Les algorithmes pour déterminer le risque de collision sont fondés sur des variantes du TTC (time-to-collision en anglais). Cependant, un véhicule peut se trouver dans des situations où les routes ne sont pas droites et l'hypothèse que le mouvement est linéaire ne tient pas pour le calcul du TTC. Dans ces situations, le risque est souvent sous-estimé. De plus, les instances où les routes ne sont pas tout droit se trouve assez souvent dans les environnement urbain ; par exemple, les rond point ou les intersections. Un argument de cette thèse est que, savoir simplement qu'il y ait un objet à une certaine position et à une instance spécifique dans le temps ne suffit pas à évaluer sa sécurité dans le futur. Un système capable de comprendre les comportements de déplacement du véhicule est indispensable. En plus, les contraintes environnementales doivent être prises en considération. Le cas le plus simple du mouvement « libre » est d'abord traité. Dans cette situation il n'ya pas de contraintes environnementales ou de comportement explicite. Ensuite, les contraintes environnementales des routes sur trafic urbain et le comportement des conducteurs des véhicules sont introduits et pris en compte explicitement. Cette thèse propose un modèle probabiliste pour les trajectoires des véhicules fondé sur le processus gaussien (GP). Son avantage est le pouvoir d'exprimer le mouvement dans le futur indépendamment de la discrétisation d'espace et d'état. Les comportements des conducteurs sont modélisés avec une variante du modèle de Markov caché. La combinaison de ces deux modèles donne un modèle probabiliste de l'évolution complète du véhicule dans le temps. En plus, une méthode générale pour l'évaluation probabiliste des risques de collision est présentée, où différentes valeurs de risque, chacun avec sa propre sémantiqueThe development of autonomous vehicles garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The interest for automotive industries is to produce safer and more user friendly cars. A common reason behind most traffic accidents is the failure on the part of the driver to adequately monitor the vehicle's surroundings. In this thesis we address the problem of estimating the collision risk for a vehicle for the next few seconds in urban traffic conditions. Current commercially available crash warning systems are usually equipped with radar based sensors on the front, rear or sides to measure the velocity and distance to obstacles. The algorithms for determining the risk of collision are based on variants of time-to-collision (TTC). However, it might be misleading in situations where the roads are curved and the assumption that motion is linear does not hold. In these situations, the risk tends to be underestimated. Furthermore, instances of roads which are not straight can be commonly found in urban environments, like the roundabout or cross junctions. An argument of this thesis is that simply knowing that there is an object at a certain location at a specific instance in time does not provide sufficient information to asses its safety. A framework for understanding behaviours of vehicle motion is indispensable. In addition, environmental constraints should be taken into account especially for urban traffic environments. A bottom up approach towards the final goal of constructing a model to estimate the risk of collision for a vehicle is presented. The simpler case of “free” motion is first presented. The thesis then proposes to take collision risk estimation further by being more “environmentally aware” where environmental structures and constraints are explicitly taken into account for urban traffic scenarios. This thesis proposes a complete probabilistic model motion at the trajectory level based the Gaussian Process (GP). Its advantage over current methods is that it is able to express future motion independently of state space discretization. Driving behaviours are modelled with a variant of the Hidden Markov Model. The combination of these two models provides a complete probabilistic model for vehicle evolution in time. Additionally a general method of probabilistically evaluating collision risk is presented, where different forms of risk values with different semantics can be obtained, depending on its applications
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Allain, Edwige. "Méthodes d'analyse discriminante et reconnaissance de scénarios types d'accidents de la circulation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30052.
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We define traffic accident prototypical scenarios as a synthesis tool which allows to account for cases already happened and judged similar in the way they happen. It appears then useful in the framework of diagnosis approaches, where the analysis of a set of accident cases happened on a road network leads to the possible preventive measures. In this field, one of the use of this concept is based on assigning cases to existing scenarios and can use statistics discriminant analysis methods. In this work, we compare three methods of discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis, logistic regression, classification tree). In the theoretic point of view, classification tree needed a particular development : we propose a selection of the best tree criteria based on the Bayes factor. We validate it with our data on accident. On the applied side, we conclude in favour of the logistic regressionLe scénario type d'accident de la circulation est un outil de synthèse rendant compte d'un ensemble de cas déjà survenus et jugés similaires dans leur déroulement. Ainsi le scénario est utile dans les approches diagnostiques visant à dégager des possibilités de prévention par analyse d'un ensemble de cas survenus sur un réseau de voirie. L'une des applications de ce concept repose sur l'affectation de cas à des scénarios existant déjà et peut s'appuyer sur les méthodes statistiques d'analyse discriminante. Nous comparons dans ce travail trois méthodes d'analyse discriminante : (analyse factorielle discriminante, régression logistique et discrimination par arbre). D'un point de vue théorique, la discrimination par arbre a nécessité un développement spécifique : nous proposons un critère de sélection du meilleur arbre basé sur le facteur de Bayes, que nous validons à l'aide des données d'accident. Du point de vue de l'application, nous concluons en faveur de la régression logistique
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Zargouni, Yadh. "Évaluation de l'efficacité des mesures de sécurité routière." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066194.
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Ce travail vise à construire des outils pour l'évaluation des mesures de sécurité routière telles que la limitation de vitesse, le port de la ceinture de sécurité et les lois sur l'alcoolémie des conducteurs. Extraction de séries chronologiques mensuelles de tués et de blessés dans les accidents de la circulation par types d'usagers en exploitant les fichiers annuels des accidents corporels de 1970 à 1985. Analyse descriptive de l'évolution des séries mensuelles du nombre de victimes des accidents.
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Geraldo, Issa Cherif. "On the consistency of some constrained maximum likelihood estimator used in crash data modelling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10184/document.
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L'ensemble des méthodes statistiques utilisées dans la modélisation de données nécessite la recherche de solutions optimales locales mais aussi l’estimation de la précision (écart-type) liée à ces solutions. Ces méthodes consistent à optimiser, par approximations itératives, la fonction de vraisemblance ou une version approchée. Classiquement, on utilise des versions adaptées de la méthode de Newton-Raphson ou des scores de Fisher. Du fait qu'elles nécessitent des inversions matricielles, ces méthodes peuvent être complexes à mettre en œuvre numériquement en grandes dimensions ou lorsque les matrices impliquées ne sont pas inversibles. Pour contourner ces difficultés, des procédures itératives ne nécessitant pas d’inversion matricielle telles que les algorithmes MM (Minorization-Maximization) ont été proposées et sont considérés comme pertinents pour les problèmes en grandes dimensions et pour certaines distributions discrètes multivariées. Parmi les nouvelles approches proposées dans le cadre de la modélisation en sécurité routière, figure un algorithme nommé algorithme cyclique itératif (CA). Cette thèse a un double objectif. Le premier est d'étudier l'algorithme CA des points de vue algorithmique et stochastique; le second est de généraliser l'algorithme cyclique itératif à des modèles plus complexes intégrant des distributions discrètes multivariées et de comparer la performance de l’algorithme CA généralisé à celle de ses compétiteursMost of the statistical methods used in data modeling require the search for local optimal solutions but also the estimation of standard errors linked to these solutions. These methods consist in maximizing by successive approximations the likelihood function or its approximation. Generally, one uses numerical methods adapted from the Newton-Raphson method or Fisher’s scoring. Because they require matrix inversions, these methods can be complex to implement numerically in large dimensions or when involved matrices are not invertible. To overcome these difficulties, iterative procedures requiring no matrix inversion such as MM (Minorization-Maximization) algorithms have been proposed and are considered to be efficient for problems in large dimensions and some multivariate discrete distributions. Among the new approaches proposed for data modeling in road safety, is an algorithm called iterative cyclic algorithm (CA). This thesis has two main objectives: (a) the first is to study the convergence properties of the cyclic algorithm from both numerical and stochastic viewpoints and (b) the second is to generalize the CA to more general models integrating discrete multivariate distributions and compare the performance of the generalized CA to those of its competitors
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Ouni, Zaïd. "Statistique pour l’anticipation des niveaux de sécurité secondaire des générations de véhicules." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100099/document.
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La sécurité routière est une priorité mondiale, européenne et française. Parce que les véhicules légers (ou simplement “les véhicules”) sont évidemment l’un des acteurs principaux de l’activité routière, l'amélioration de la sécurité routière passe nécessairement par l’analyse de leurs caractéristiques accidentologiques. Si les nouveaux véhicules sont développés en bureau d’étude et validés en laboratoire, c’est la réalité accidentologique qui permet de vraiment cerner comment ils se comportent en matière de sécurité secondaire, c’est-à-dire quelle sécurité ils offrent à leurs occupants lors d’un accident. C’est pourquoi les constructeurs souhaitent procéder au classement des générations de véhicules en fonction de leurs niveaux de sécurité secondaire réelle. Nous abordons cette thématique en exploitant les données nationales d’accidents corporels de la route appelées BAAC (Bulletin d’Analyse d’Accident Corporel de la Circulation). En complément de celles-ci, les données de parc automobile permettent d’associer une classe générationelle (CG) à chaque véhicule. Nous élaborons deux méthodes de classement de CGs en termes de sécurité secondaire. La première produit des classements contextuels, c’est-à-dire des classements de CGs plongées dans des contextes d’accident. La seconde produit des classements globaux, c’est-`a-dire des classements de CGs déterminés par rapport à une distribution de contextes d’accident. Pour le classement contextuel, nous procédons par “scoring” : nous cherchons une fonction de score qui associe un nombre réel à toute combinaison de CG et de contexte d’accident ; plus ce nombre est petit, plus la CG est sûre dans le contexte d’accident donné. La fonction de score optimale est estimée par “ensemble learning”, sous la forme d’une combinaison convexe optimale de fonctions de score produites par une librairie d’algorithmes de classement par scoring. Une inégalité oracle illustre les performances du méta-algorithme ainsi obtenu. Le classement global est également basé sur le principe de “scoring” : nous cherchons une fonction de score qui associe à toute CG un nombre réel ; plus ce nombre est petit, plus la CG est jugée sûre globalement. Des arguments causaux permettent d’adapter le méta-algorithme évoqué ci-dessus en s’affranchissant du contexte d’accident. Les résultats des deux méthodes de classement sont conformes aux attentes des expertsRoad safety is a world, European and French priority. Because light vehicles (or simply“vehicles”) are obviously one of the main actors of road activity, the improvement of roadsafety necessarily requires analyzing their characteristics in terms of traffic road accident(or simply “accident”). If the new vehicles are developed in engineering department and validated in laboratory, it is the reality of real-life accidents that ultimately characterizesthem in terms of secondary safety, ie, that demonstrates which level of security they offer to their occupants in case of an accident. This is why car makers want to rank generations of vehicles according to their real-life levels of safety. We address this problem by exploiting a French data set of accidents called BAAC (Bulletin d’Analyse d’Accident Corporel de la Circulation). In addition, fleet data are used to associate a generational class (GC) to each vehicle. We elaborate two methods of ranking of GCs in terms of secondary safety. The first one yields contextual rankings, ie, rankings of GCs in specified contexts of accident. The second one yields global rankings, ie, rankings of GCs determined relative to a distribution of contexts of accident. For the contextual ranking, we proceed by “scoring”: we look for a score function that associates a real number to any combination of GC and a context of accident; the smaller is this number, the safer is the GC in the given context. The optimal score function is estimated by “ensemble learning”, under the form of an optimal convex combination of scoring functions produced by a library of ranking algorithms by scoring. An oracle inequality illustrates the performance of the obtained meta-algorithm. The global ranking is also based on “scoring”: we look for a scoring function that associates any GC with a real number; the smaller is this number, the safer is the GC. Causal arguments are used to adapt the above meta-algorithm by averaging out the context. The results of the two ranking procedures are in line with the experts’ expectations
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AL, Deraiei Sami A. "Le recours de la victime d'un accident de la circulation a l'encontre de l'assureur du vehicule ayant provoque l'accident (etude du droit francais et du droit koweitien)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4004.
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Le principe, en droit francais et koweitien ,est que le conducteur est tenu, en cas d'accident de la circulation, de reparer les dommages subis par la victime. Mais la jurisprudence francaise et koweitienne ont permis a telle victime de se retourner directement contre l'assureur du responsable. La promulgation de la loi badinter a remis en cause toutes les justifications proposees par la doctrine qui reposent sur la theories classique de droit civil. D'un autre cote, en france, a la difference de ce qui se passe au koweit, les compagnies d'assurance estiment qu'il est necessaire de regler aimablement les dommages materiels subis par la victime d'un accident de la circulation. Ceci a en effet, encourage le legislateur francais a suivre le meme schema dans le domaine de l'indemnisation des dommages corporels. Enfin, en france comme au koweit ,rien n'empeche la victime d'un accident de la circulation de mettre en oeuvre son droit par l'exercice de l'action direct contre l'assureur du vehicule ayant provoque l'accidentIn french and kuwaiti law; the driver must restore the consequences of the accidents. So the victim can take legal proceedings against the responsable insurer. It's why one study has differences between french law and kuwaiti law about the victim's right to an indemnity
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Roberge, Jonathan. "Accidentologie des piétons dans trois villes moyennes du Québec (1991--1996): Trois-Rivières, Chicoutimi et Sherbrooke." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
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Ballout, Fadi. "Alcool, psychotropes, accidents de la route : enquête réalisée par le S.A.M.U. de Nîmes sur quarante accidents." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11130.
Full textBooks on the topic "Accidents de la route – Statistiques"
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Grands thèmes de la sécurité routière en France en 2002. 2nd ed. Paris: Documentation française, 2004.
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Organization, World Health, ed. Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013.
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Al-Haji, Ghazwan. Towards a road safety development index (RSDI): Development of an international index to measure road safety performance. Linko ping: Linko ping University, 2005.
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Statistique Canada. Division des statistiques sociales, du logement et des familles. Accidents au Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Statistique Canada, 1991.
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B, Adams O., and Statistics Canada. Housing, Family, and Social Statistics Division., eds. Accidents in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division, 1991.
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Bashkatov, Aleksandr. Simulation of accidents on route transport. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860140.
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The monograph is devoted to the study of accidents in the operation of fixed-route vehicles and the development of organizational measures that increase the safety of its functioning within the city. Based on the collected and systematized statistical data, an integrated approach to solving transport security problems has been applied. Within the framework of the study, mathematical models and methods for assessing factors affecting the accident rate of route vehicles are proposed, a statistical assessment of their significance is carried out and technological techniques for improving safety on highways are proposed.
It is intended for specialists of management services, dispatchers of transport companies, and may also be of interest to engineering, technical and scientific workers involved in the safety and organization of route transport in cities.
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Guilbot, Michèle. Accidents de la route, infrastructure et responsabilités. [Paris]: Documentation française, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Accidents de la route – Statistiques"
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Gai, Wenmei, and Yunfeng Deng. "Dynamic Emergency Route Planning for Major Chemical Accidents: Models and Application." In Emergency Guidance Methods and Strategies for Major Chemical Accidents, 73–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4128-3_4.
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Gai, Wenmei, Yan Du, and Yunfeng Deng. "Multi-objective Route Planning Model and Algorithm for Emergency Management." In Decision-making Analysis and Optimization Modeling of Emergency Warnings for Major Accidents, 113–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2871-8_5.
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"Accidents de la route." In Panorama des statistiques de l'OCDE 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2013-50-fr.
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Séguin-Sabouraud, Aurore. "14. Accidents de la route." In L'Aide-mémoire de psychotraumatologie, 104–7. Dunod, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.segui.2013.01.0104.
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Séguin-Sabouraud, Aurore. "9. Accidents de la route." In Psychotraumatologie, 75–78. Dunod, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.kedia.2020.01.0075.
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"Les accidents de la route et le « Dieu de l’Asphalte »." In La Route, 103–62. BRILL, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004484702_007.
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Lagier, G. "Psychotropes et accidents de la route." In Vigilance et transports, 145–53. Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pul.39767.
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"Mortalité due aux accidents de la route." In Panorama de la santé 2009, 26–27. OECD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2009-8-fr.
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Bioulac, Stéphanie, and Cédric Galéra. "Chapitre 12. TDAH et accidents de la route." In Trouble Déficit de l'Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivité de l'enfant à l'adulte, 229–36. Dunod, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.bouva.2016.01.0229.
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Quan, Jin, Lingzhong Kong, Xiaohui Lei, and Mingna Wang. "Emergency Operations of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents." In Emergency Operation Technologies for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. IntechOpen, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82021.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Accidents de la route – Statistiques"
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Takeno, Ryo, Yosuke Seki, Masahiko Sano, Kenji Matsuura, Kenji Ohira, and Tetsushi Ueta. "A route navigation system for reducing risk of traffic accidents." In 2016 IEEE 5th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce.2016.7800543.
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Waltereit, Marian, and Torben Weis. "An Approach to Exonerate Innocent Suspects in Hit-And-Run Accidents via Route Reconstruction." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730655.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Northern Sea Route: Modern State and Challenges." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23626.
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It is well-known that navigating the waterway from the primary trade hubs in northern Europe to the Asia-Pacific ports and contrariwise along the Russian Arctic Coast (Northern Sea Route - NSR) is much shorter and faster, than southern ways via Suez or around Africa. The NSR can significantly save costs (through saving time and fuel) and avoids the risk of attack by pirates. In addition, an increase in oil and gas activity in the North, forecasts of global warming and an ice-free Arctic have stimulated interest in Arctic navigation. However, Arctic transportation poses significant challenges because of the heavy ice conditions that exist during both the winter and summer. The profitability of using the NSR is called into question if possible high tariffs are included in the cost estimates. For many years, the NSR was principally used for internal Russian transport and since the end of the 1980s up until 2010, it was in stagnation with total amount of cargo transported annually stood at less than two million tons. Important political decisions in the 90s and increased economic feasibility intensified traffic and freight turnover. In 2013, the NSR Administration (NSRA) was established, new rules for navigation were approved and tariff policies were modified. In 2013, the NSRA issued 635 permits to sail in NSR waters, and 71 transit voyages have since been completed. The total amount of transit cargo was 1.36 million tons. More than 40% of the total number of permits were issued to vessels without ice class [1] according to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping [2]. There are strong technical requirements for vessels attempting to sail the NSR; regardless, several accidents occurred in 2012–2013. Two vessels were dented by ice in the Chukchi Sea in 2012. A tanker was holed in September 2013 and created a real danger of an ecological disaster from fuel leakage for several days. Despite the expectation of an ice-free Arctic, the ice conditions in 2013 were rather difficult, and the Vilkitsky Strait (a key strait in the NSR between the Kara and Laptev seas) was closed by ice for almost the entire navigation period. In this paper, we review the current situation in the Russian Arctic, including political and administrative actions, recent accidents and the associated conditions and lessons learned.
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Wang, Kai, Xinping Yan, Yupeng Yuan, Xiaoli Jiang, Gabriel Lodewijks, and Rudy R. Negenborn. "PSO-based method for safe sailing route and efficient speeds decision-support for sea-going ships encountering accidents." In 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2017.8000128.
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Strabić, Marko, David Brčić, Vlado Frančić, and Pavao Komadina. "On the possibility of COLREGS/STM integration." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.10925.
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In the shipping industry, Sea Traffic Management (STM) system aims to represent a new paradigm in maritime safety. The idea of the STM implementation is to share information between all stakeholders, making shipping more efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly. With the growing market and related increase in marine transport and traffic, the risk of marine accidents is increasing as well. The STM provides numerous features for personnel on-board and shore to support decisions for safe navigation and operation based on real-time data.
One of the services is the ship-to-ship route exchange, providing prediction of potentially dangerous situations and planning the vessel’s movement in advance. Analyses of marine accidents show that ship collisions are one of the most frequent types of marine accidents, the reason of which among all others, questions human error related to the knowledge of collision avoidance. This paper elaborates on the possibility of COLREGs/STM integration based on the use of STM ship-to-ship route exchange system. The decision model for COLREGs/STM integration procedure is presented in a way which enables suggestion on appropriate COLREG rule application in advance. Further system development is proposed as well, such as machine learning algorithms in COLREGs/STM integration, with the function of reducing the risks of marine accidents and increasing safety at sea.
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Hong, Seung-Kweon. "Operator function model to analyze ship accidents related to navigation aids." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002513.
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A marine Aids of Navigation (AtoN) is a man-made object in waterways used by mariners to determine their ship's location or a safe route. They act like traffic signs on roads used to reduce the risk of traffic accidents. However, traffic signs can't do their job if you can't recognize them, don't understand their meaning, or violate them. In this study, ship accidents caused by the malfunction of navigation aids were investigated. First, maritime officers’ work in the ship bridge work was analyzed using the Operator Function Model (OFM), and among all the functions derived from the analysis, only the functions related to aids to navigation were selected. Using the selected functions as a classification system for ship accidents, recent ship accidents in the Korean coast were analyzed. The ship accident analysis was conducted using written verdicts of the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal. Cases of ship accidents were confirmed in most of the selected functions. The results of this study can be used for safety education of maritime officers and the deployment, maintenance, and design of AtoN.
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Mendes, Renato F., Kleber J. A. Porto Silva, and Luiz Fernando S. Oliveira. "Economic Transportation Risk Assessment From Offshore Oil Fields to Refineries." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27207.
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This paper describes an analysis of the transportation reliability and economic risk associated with potential accidents during the lifetime of a brand new enterprise. The methodology was applied during the technical-financial assessment of offshore and onshore transportation from oil fields to refineries. It considered operations involving the potential for environment damage and business interruption. The case study considered two major configurations: Maritime+Pipelines: combining FPSOs (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading), tankers, terminals, and onshore pipelines; and Pure Pipelines: SSs (Semi-submersibles) and offshore and onshore pipeline system conveying oil to refineries. Each installation/activity with potential to generate an accident was represented by one block on the diagram, in the reliability study. The consequences to the transportation enterprise were defined based on economic impact. It was necessary to mine information on the environmental costs of past accidents within the company, as well as worldwide. Business interruption was considered for the transportation project and also for the refineries connected in the process. The risk for each route configuration from oil field to refinery was developed by plotting the frequency and consequence data in a spreadsheet for each activity along the transportation route. As a result we developed a comparative risk analysis table to support a major financial assessment. Beyond the traditional process of assessing projects in terms of investment and return, PETROBRAS is now considering other aspects, such as potential accidents that may play a role in assessing financial feasibility.
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Kim, Won-Ouk, Song-Jin Kang, Young-Rong Kim, and Chang-Je Kim. "A Study on Safer New Optimal Route for Anti-Collision in Coastal Waters." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79685.
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Abstract Although radar and AIS alarm functions have been used as support measures for collision prevention in many ships, they lacked the function to identify actual collision risk ships and inform the degree of risk and did not provide information on avoidance routes. This study aims to design a newly developed safer new optimal route for anti-collision based on the Collision Risk Zone assessment method, targeting mainly very small-sized ships that caused most of the collision accidents due to human errors. Designing a safer new optimal route is composed of three segments according to the ship’s characteristics. That is, empirical method for small-sized ships, collision risk zone method for larger ships and then combination method between empirical and collision risk method. In addition, this study analyzed the collision risk of various scenarios according to the navigation relationships and speed conditions between the two meeting ships. As a result, the model proposed in this study numerically calculated the risk of collision according to the navigation situation and could provide a safe optimal avoidance path accordingly. Therefore, this model can be applied to build the collision avoidance model of not only the current ship but remote-controlled ship, which is under compliance with COLREG regulations and involves the possibility of human error in an operation.
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Barboza, Tania S., Carlos Alberto Borges, and Aluisio S. Xavier Neto. "Participative Risk Management in the Construction of Onshore Pipelines." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-139.
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Accidents related to production, processing, storage and transportation of oil and its by-products have been studied extensively because of their social and environmental impacts. However, accidents relating to construction of oil facilities have been largely ignored by researches, perhaps because such accidents involve a smaller group of people and result in smaller-scale environmental impacts. Pipeline construction projects are particularly unique. As opposed to construction of processing plants, pipeline construction covers a very long reach, often involving varying site conditions. Consequently, there are more environmental issues, many of which vary from place to place along the pipeline route as a result of the differing soil, drainage, vegetation and exposure conditions. The variable conditions, exposure and consequences of accidents along a pipeline route result in many challenges related to risk management. Specifically, risk management is difficult as a result of transportation along the pipeline corridor, multiple access routes to the pipeline corridor, unique culture and social issues in various parts of the country, and remote working conditions. Major issues are moving work sites; crossing of different areas of the country with several typical cultural and regional aspects; multiple work sites and the isolation of workers in small groups. These factors make risk management particularly important, but easy to ignore. In this paper we discuss the major potential risks in every phase of the pipeline construction. The paper describes the company’s process for managing risk during pipeline construction. It identified the limitations of traditional safety management systems in coping with the critical problems related to environmental and safety issues. Many company are using integrated management systems as the major tools to control risk. Such systems cover health, safety and environmental issues (HSE). PETROBARS, as the largest Brazilian oil company and one of the leading oil companies in the world, has adopted the HSE system. The system focuses on employee participation in implementation of the HSE system.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Navigation in the Russian Arctic: Sea Ice Caused Difficulties and Accidents." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10546.
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The 5 Russian Arctic Seas have common features, but differ significantly from each other in the sea ice regime and navigation specifics. Navigation in the Arctic is a big challenge, especially during the winter season. However, it is necessary, due to limited natural resources elsewhere on Earth that may be easier for exploitation. Therefore sea ice is an important issue for future development. We foresee that the Arctic may become ice free in summer as a result of global warming and even light yachts will be able to pass through the Eastern Passage. There have been several such examples in the last years. But sea ice is an inherent feature of Arctic Seas in winter, it is permanently immanent for the Central Arctic Basin. That is why it is important to get appropriate knowledge about sea ice properties and operations in ice conditions. Four seas, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi have been examined in the book “Russian Arctic Seas. Navigation Condition and Accidents”, Marchenko, 2012 [1]. The book is devoted to the eastern sector of the Arctic, with a description of the seas and accidents caused by heavy ice conditions. The traditional physical-geographical characteristics, information about the navigation conditions and the main sea routes and reports on accidents that occurred in the 20th century have reviewed. An additional investigation has been performed for more recent accidents and for the Barents Sea. Considerable attention has been paid to problems associated with sea ice caused by the present development of the Arctic. Sea ice can significantly affect shipping, drilling, and the construction and operation of platforms and handling terminals. Sea ice is present in the main part of the east Arctic Sea most of the year. The Barents Sea, which is strongly influenced and warmed by the North Atlantic Current, has a natural environment that is dramatically different from those of the other Arctic seas. The main difficulties with the Barents Sea are produced by icing and storms and in the north icebergs. The ice jet is the most dangerous phenomenon in the main straits along the Northern Sea Route and in Chukchi Seas. The accidents in the Arctic Sea have been classified, described and connected with weather and ice conditions. Behaviour of the crew is taken into consideration. The following types of the ice-induced accidents are distinguished: forced drift, forced overwintering, shipwreck, and serious damage to the hull in which the crew, sometimes with the help of other crews, could still save the ship. The main reasons for shipwrecks and damages are hits of ice floes (often in rather calm ice conditions), ice nipping (compression) and drift. Such investigation is important for safety in the Arctic.