Dissertations / Theses: 'Accidents process'

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Jones, Samantha Jane. "Compensating victims of mass accidents : a socio-legal analysis of the settlement process." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334348.

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Lindberg, Anna-Karin. "Experience feedback in practice." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Filosofi och teknikhistoria, Philosophy and the History of Technology, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4817.

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Solini, Riccardo. "Data Analytics for Chemical Process Risk Assessement: Learning Lessons from Past Events towards Accident Prediction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Il potenziale per la generazione di dati è cresciuto esponenzialmente al giorno d’oggi. In questo contesto, la disciplina di machine learning è suggerita. Questo lavoro suggerisce un approccio per analizzare dati eterogenei riguardanti incidenti passati avvenuti nelle industrie di processo ed estrarre importanti informazioni per supportare il processo decisionale relativo alla sicurezza. Lo strumento di machine learning utilizzato è la libreria open source TensorFlow. Diversi modelli vengono costruiti attraverso il suo uso: un modello lineare, un modello di deep learning basato sulle reti neurali ed una combinazione dei due. Questi, sulla base di input specifici, sarebbero in grado di fare predizioni sul numero di persone morte o ferite. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, due fonti di dati sono state utilizzate: il database MHIDAS e un nuovo database, costruito considerando eventi indesiderati avvenuti in impianti di ammoniaca. Diverse simulazioni sono state eseguite usando MHIDAS per individuare il modello che meglio riesca a prevedere le conseguenze degli incidenti sull’uomo. Questo è stato poi usato per effettuare le simulazioni con il database di incidenti in impianti di ammoniaca. Un buon modello per la predizione degli incidenti deve essere in grado di prevedere eventi rari. Tale condizione viene raggiunta se il valore della grandezza statistica "recall" è alto. Per questo motivo, i risultati delle simulazioni sono stati analizzati considerando il valore dell’area sotto la curva precision-recall. Da questo, è possibile capire se il valore di recall può essere di interesse. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato un andamento comune. Un caso rappresentativo, in cui i risultati riportavano un buon valore di area sotto la curva precision-recall ma una bassa recall, è stato considerato e il metodo per migliorare il valore di recall è stato indicato. In questo modo, il modello può essere calibrato e diventare di uso pratico.

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Sales, Saborit Jaime. "Development and validation of the HarsMeth NP methodology for the assessment of chemical reaction hazards." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9294.

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L'objectiu d'aquest treball es centra en el desenvolupament, comprovació i millora d'una metodologia per l'assessorament del perill tèrmic de les reaccions químiques, orientada especialment a les petites i mitjanes empreses. La metodologia està basada en un sistema de llistes de comprovació per identificar els perills, així com en altres eines senzilles d'entendre per a personal no expert en seguretat. Els orígens del desenvolupament de la metodologia es basen en dos eines existents, HarsMeth i Check Cards for Runaway. S'han pres diferents enfocaments per tal d'aconseguir una metodologia d'assessorament fiable. En primer lloc s'ha verificat l'eficàcia d'ambdues metodologies en diferents empreses dedicades al desenvolupament de productes de química fina, per determinar els punts forts i els punts febles de cada una de elles, i per aprofitar els avantatges identificats per tal de crear una unica metodologia anomenada HarsMeth version 2. A continuació, s'ha provat aquesta versió exhaustivament en dos empreses químiques per tal de millorarla, detectant fallades i allargant les llistes de comprovació amb la finalitat de cobrir el màxim número possible de qüestions per l'assessorament. Altres activitats s'han centrat en el desenvolupament d'eines per a la determinació teòrica de entalpies de reacció i per la identificació de perills tèrmics en equips de procés. La versió final de la metodologia que s'ha desenvolupat, anomenada HarsMeth New Process, està estructurada per tal de realitzar l'assessorament seguint els passos lògics en el desenvolupament d'un procés químic, començant per el disseny de la reacció química en el laboratori, seguit per l'anàlisi de la estabilitat i compatibilitat dels reactius, l'anàlisi de la perillositat de la reacció, l'escalat del procés, i la determinació de les mesures de seguretat necessàries per implementar el procés a escala industrial en funció dels perills identificats anteriorment. Un altre estratègia seguida per millorar la metodologia ha estat analitzar els accidents químics inclosos en la base de dades MARS amb la finalitat de determinar lliçons per aprendre dels accidents, així com per identificar quins aspectes de la metodologia haurien ajudat a prevenir els accidents, i a posar de relleu quins aspectes de la seguretat quimica s'han de tenir especialment en compte a les indústries de procés.
El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo, comprobación y mejora de una metodología para el asesoramiento del peligro térmico de las reacciones químicas, orientada especialmente a las pequeñas y medianas empresas. La metodología está basada en un sistema de listas de comprobación para identificar los peligros, así como en otras herramientas fáciles de entender para personal no experto en seguridad. Los orígenes del desarrollo de la metodología se basan en dos herramientas existentes, HarsMeth y Check Cards for Runaway. Se han seguido diferentes enfoques para llegar a una metodología de asesoramiento fiable. En primer lugar se ha verificado la eficacia de ambas metodologías en diferentes empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de productos de química fina, para determinar las fuerzas y debilidades de cada una de ellas, y para aprovechar las ventajas identificadas para crear una única metodología llamada HarsMeth version 2. A continuación, se ha probado esta versión exhaustivamente en dos empresas químicas para mejorarla, detectando fallos y expandiendo las listas de comprobación con el fin de cubrir el máximo número de cuestiones posibles en el asesoramiento. Otras actividades se han centrado en el desarrollo de herramientas para la determinación teórica de entalpías de reacción y para la identificación de peligros térmicos en equipos de proceso. La versión final de la metodología que se ha desarrollado, llamada HarsMeth New Process, está estructurada para realizar el asesoramiento siguiendo los pasos lógicos del desarrollo de un proceso químico, empezando por el diseño de la reacción química en el laboratorio, siguiendo con el análisis de la estabilidad y compatibilidad de los reactivos, el análisis de la peligrosidad de la reacción, el escalado del proceso y la determinación de medidas de seguridad necesarias para implementar el proceso a escala industrial en función de los peligros identificados anteriormente. Otra estrategia seguida para mejorar la metodología ha sido analizar los accidentes químicos incluidos en la base de datos MARS con el fin de determinar lecciones a aprender de los accidentes, así como identificar qué aspectos cubiertos por la metodología podrían haber ayudado a prevenir los accidentes, y a enfatizar qué aspectos de la seguridad química deben tener especialmente presentes las industrias de proceso.
The aim of this work is focused on the development, testing and improvement of a methodology for the assessment of thermal hazards of chemical reactions, mainly oriented to be used at small and medium enterprises. The methodology consists on a checklist based system to identify thermal hazards, including tools easy to be followed by non experts in the field of safety. The origins of the development are two already existing tools known as HarsMeth and Check Cards for Runaway. Different approaches have been followed in order to come up with a reliable assessment tool. In the first place, the two mentioned methodologies were tested at different companies working on fine chemical production, which gave the possibility to determine strengths and weaknesses for both methodologies, and to profit from the identified strengths to combine them to create one single tool called HarsMeth version 2. Later, this version was thoroughly tested at two different companies to improve it, by detecting flaws and expanding the checklists in order to cover as many issues as possible in the assessment. Further work performed aimed at the development of tools for the theoretical estimation of reaction enthalpies and for the identification of thermal hazards in process equipment. A final version of the methodology was produced, called HarsMeth New Process, structured to perform the hazard assessment at every step followed in the development of a chemical process, starting from the design of the chemical reaction at the laboratory, followed by the study of stability and compatibility of the reactants involved, the bench scale analysis of the synthesis path chosen, the scale up of the process and the determination of the necessary safety measures for the implementation of the process at industrial scale in accordance with the hazards identified. Another strategy followed in order to improve the methodology has been to analyse the chemical accidents reported to the MARS database in order to establish lessons learned from such accidents, and to identify what topics of the methodology could have helped to prevent the accidents and to emphasize what aspects of chemical safety need to be taken into account by the process industries.

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Hoare, Ismael A. "Attitudinal factors related to driving behaviors of young adults in Belize : an application of the precaution adoption process model." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002190.

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Haurais, Florian. "Evaluate the contribution of the fuel cladding oxidation process on the hydrogen production from the reflooding during a potential severe accident in a nuclear reactor." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS375/document.

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En centrales nucléaires, un accident grave est une séquence très peu probable d’événements durant laquelle des composants du réacteur sont significativement endommagés, par interactions chimiques et/ou fusion, à cause de très hautes températures. Cela peut mener à des rejets radiotoxiques dans l’enceinte et à une entrée d’air dans le réacteur. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse mené chez EDF R&D visait à modéliser la détérioration du gainage combustible, en alliages de zirconium, en conditions accidentelles : haute température et soit vapeur soit mélange air-vapeur. L’objectif final était d’améliorer la simulation par le code MAAP de l’oxydation du gainage et de la production d’hydrogène, en particulier pendant un renoyage avec de l’eau. Dû à l’épaississement progressif d’une couche de ZrO2 dense et protectrice, la cinétique d’oxydation du Zr en vapeur à hautes températures est généralement (sous-)parabolique. Cependant, à certaines températures, cette couche d’oxyde peut se fissurer, devenant poreuse et non protectrice. Par ce processus de « breakaway », la cinétique d’oxydation devient plus linéaire. De plus, l’augmentation de température peut mener les matériaux du réacteur à fondre et à se relocaliser dans le fond de cuve dont la rupture peut induire une entrée d’air dans le réacteur. Dans ce cas, l’oxygène et l’azote réagissent avec les gaines pré-oxydées, successivement par oxydation du Zr (épaississant la couche de ZrO2), nitruration du Zr (formant des particules de ZrN) et oxydation du ZrN (créant de l’oxyde et relâchant de l’azote). Ces réactions auto-entretenues relancent la fissuration du gainage et de sa couche de ZrO2, induisant une hausse de sa porosité ouverte. Afin de quantifier cette porosité du gainage, un protocole expérimental innovant en deux étapes a été défini et appliqué : il consistait à soumettre des échantillons de gainage en ZIRLO® à diverses conditions accidentelles pendant plusieurs durées puis à des mesures de la porosité ouverte par porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure. Les conditions de corrosion comprenaient plusieurs températures allant de 1100 à 1500 K ainsi que de la vapeur et un mélange air-vapeur 50-50 mol%. Pour les échantillons de ZIRLO® oxydés en vapeur, sauf à 1200 et 1250 K, les transitions de cinétique n’ont pas lieu et la porosité ouverte reste négligeable au cours de l’oxydation. Cependant, pour les autres échantillons, corrodés en air-vapeur ou oxydés en vapeur à 1200 ou 1250 K, des transitions « breakaway » sont observées et les résultats de porosimétrie montrent que la porosité ouverte augmente au cours de la corrosion, proportionnellement au gain en masse. De plus, il a été mis en évidence que la distribution de tailles de pores des échantillons de ZIRLO® s’étend significativement pendant la corrosion, en particulier après « breakaway ». En effet, ces tailles vont de 60 μm à environ : 2 μm avant la transition, 50 nm juste après et 2 nm plus longtemps après. Enfin, un modèle numérique en deux étapes a été développé dans le code MAAP pour améliorer sa simulation de l’oxydation du gainage. D’abord, grâce à la proportionnalité entre porosité ouverte et gain en masse des échantillons, des corrélations de porosité ont été implémentées pour chaque condition de corrosion. Ensuite, les valeurs de porosité calculées sont utilisées pour augmenter proportionnellement la vitesse d’oxydation du gainage. Ce modèle amélioré simule ainsi non seulement les réactions chimiques des gaines en Zr (oxydation et nitruration) mais aussi leur dégradation mécanique et son impact sur leur vitesse d’oxydation. Ceci a été validé en simulant des essais QUENCH (-06, -08, -10 et -16), conduits au KIT pour étudier le comportement de gaines dans des conditions accidentelles avec un renoyage final. Ces simulations montrent un meilleur comportement thermique du gainage et une production d’hydrogène significativement plus haute et donc plus proche des valeurs expérimentales, en particulier pendant le renoyage
In nuclear power plants, a severe accident is a very unlikely sequence of events during which components of the reactor core get significantly damaged, through chemical interactions and/or melting, because of very high temperatures. This may potentially lead to radiotoxic releases in the containment building and to air ingress in the reactor core. In that context, this thesis work led at EDF R&D aimed at modeling the deterioration of the nuclear fuel cladding, made of zirconium alloys, in accidental conditions: high temperature and either pure steam or air-steam mixture. The final objective was to improve the simulation by the MAAP code of the cladding oxidation and of the hydrogen production, in particular during a core reflooding with water. Due to the progressive thickening of a dense and protective ZrO2 layer, the oxidation kinetics of Zr in steam at high temperatures is generally (sub-)parabolic. However, at certain temperatures, this oxide layer may crack, becoming porous and not protective anymore. By this “breakaway” process, the oxidation kinetics becomes rather linear. Additionally, the temperature increase can lead core materials to melt and to relocate down to the vessel lower head whose failure may induce air ingress into the reactor core. In this event, oxygen and nitrogen both react with the pre-oxidized claddings, successively through oxidation of Zr (thickening the ZrO2 layer), nitriding of Zr (forming ZrN particles) and oxidation of ZrN (creating oxide and releasing nitrogen). These self-sustained reactions enhance the cracking of the cladding and of its ZrO2 layer, inducing a rise of its open porosity.In order to quantify this cladding porosity, an innovative two-step experimental protocol was defined and applied: it consisted in submitting ZIRLO® cladding samples first to various accidental conditions during several time periods and then to measurements of the open porosity through porosimetry by mercury intrusion. The tested corrosion conditions included numerous temperatures ranging from 1100 up to 1500 K as well as both pure steam and a 50-50 mol% air-steam mixture. For the ZIRLO® samples oxidized in pure steam, except at 1200 and 1250 K, the “breakaway” kinetic transitions do not occur and the open porosity remains negligible along the oxidation process. However, for all other samples, corroded in air-steam or oxidized in pure steam at 1200 or 1250 K, “breakaway” transitions are observed and the porosimetry results show that the open porosity increases along the corrosion process, proportionally to the mass gain. Moreover, it was evidenced that the pore size distribution of ZIRLO® samples significantly extends during corrosion, especially after “breakaway” transitions. Indeed, the detected pore sizes ranged from 60 μm down to around: 2 μm before the transition, 50 nm just after and 2 nm longer after. Finally, a two-step numerical model was developed in the MAAP code to improve its simulation of the cladding oxidation. First, thanks to the proportionality between open porosity and mass gain of cladding samples, porosity correlations were implemented for each tested corrosion condition. Second, the calculated porosity values are used to proportionally enhance the cladding oxidation rate. This improved model thus simulates not only chemical reactions of Zr-based claddings (oxidation and nitriding) but also their mechanical degradation and its impact on their oxidation rate. It was validated by simulating QUENCH tests (-06, -08, -10 and -16), conducted at KIT to study the behavior of claddings in accidental conditions with a final reflooding. These simulations show a better cladding thermal behavior and a hydrogen production significantly higher and so closer to experimental values, in particular during the reflooding

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Dakkoune, Amine. "Méthodes pour l'analyse et la prévention des risques d'emballement thermique Zero-order versus intrinsic kinetics for the determination of the time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR_ad): application to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Risk analysis of French chemical industry Fault detection in the green chemical process : application to an exothermic reaction Analysis of thermal runaway events in French chemical industry Early detection and diagnosis of thermal runaway reactions using model-based approaches in batch reactors." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR30.

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L’histoire des événements accidentels dans les industries chimiques montre que leurs conséquences sont souvent graves sur les plans humain, environnemental et économique. Cette thèse vise à proposer une approche de détection et de diagnostic des défauts dans les procédés chimiques afin de prévenir ces événements accidentels. La démarche commence par une étude préalable qui sert à identifier les causes majeures responsables des événements industriels chimiques en se basant sur le retour d’expérience (REX). En France, selon la base de données ARIA, 25% des évènements sont dus à l’emballement thermique à cause d’erreurs d’origine humaine. Il est donc opportun de développer une méthode de détection et de diagnostic précoce des défauts dus à l’emballement thermique. Pour cela nous développons une approche qui utilise des seuils dynamiques pour la détection et la collecte de mesures pour le diagnostic. La localisation des défauts est basée sur une classification des caractéristiques statistiques de la température en fonction de plusieurs modes défectueux. Un ensemble de classificateurs linéaires et de diagrammes de décision binaires indexés par rapport au temps sont utilisés. Enfin, la synthèse de l'acide peroxyformique dans un réacteur discontinu et semi-continu est considérée pour valider la méthode proposée par des simulations numériques et ensuite expérimentales. Les performances de détection de défauts se sont révélées satisfaisantes et les classificateurs ont démontré un taux de séparabilité des défauts élevés
The history of accidental events in chemical industries shows that their human, environmental and economic consequences are often serious. This thesis aims at proposing an approach of detection and diagnosis faults in chemical processes in order to prevent these accidental events. A preliminary study serves to identify the major causes of chemical industrial events based on experience feedback. In France, according to the ARIA database, 25% of the events are due to thermal runaway because of human errors. It is therefore appropriate to develop a method for early fault detection and diagnosis due to thermal runaway. For that purpose, we develop an approach that uses dynamical thresholds for the detection and collection of measurements for diagnosis. The localization of faults is based on a classification of the statistical characteristics of the temperature according to several defectives modes. A multiset of linear classifiers and binary decision diagrams indexed with respect to the time are used for that purpose. Finally, the synthesis of peroxyformic acid in a batch and semi batch reactor is considered to validate the proposed method by numerical simulations and then experiments. Faults detection performance has been proved satisfactory and the classifiers have proved a high isolability rate of faults

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Mazouni, Mohamed Habib. "Pour une meilleure approche du management des risques : de la modélisation ontologique du processus accidentel au système interactif d'aide à la décision." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338938.

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Le management des risques a été développé au début des années 40. C'est aujourd'hui la pierre angulaire du Système de Management de la Sécurité (SMS) dans de nombreuses industries.
Malheureusement, la pratique du management des risques accuse une mauvaise compréhension ainsi que de nombreux problèmes d'ordre méthodologique, terminologique, technique ou organisationnel.
Dans une démarche de résolution des problèmes constatés, nous proposons, comme alternative à l'Analyse Préliminaire de Risque, la méthode Management Préliminaire des Risques (MPR). Cette méthode originale est basée sur un processus accidentel générique permettant de canaliser les mécanismes de capitalisation et d'exploitation des connaissances relatives aux scénarios d'accident (causalité, entités, situations, événements, etc.). La méthode MPR, se rattache au Système de Management de la Sécurité (SMS) sur un point d'ancrage essentiel qu'est la gestion des processus techniques et organisationnels.
Notre objectif est triple, d'abord montrer les 10 problèmes majeurs que nous avons constatés en matière de management des risques, ensuite présenter la méthode MPR, basée sur un processus accidentel générique, que nous proposons pour résoudre ces difficultés dans le but d'exploiter efficacement l'échange de savoir-faire en matière de management des risques relatifs à différents systèmes issus de différents domaine, et enfin développer un Système Interactif d'Aide à la Décision (SIAD) permettant d'automatiser cette méthode et apporter des éléments d'aide à la décision en matière de management des risques à travers une interface graphique et ergonomique.

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Tripaldi, Pietro. "Industrial accidents triggered by lightning: causes and consequences." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6388/.

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Natural hazards affecting industrial installations could directly or indirectly cause an accident or series of accidents with serious consequences for the environment and for human health. Accidents initiated by a natural hazard or disaster which result in the release of hazardous materials are commonly referred to as Natech (Natural Hazard Triggering a Technological Disaster) accidents. The conditions brought about by these kinds of events are particularly problematic, the presence of the natural event increases the probability of exposition and causes consequences more serious than standard technological accidents. Despite a growing body of research and more stringent regulations for the design and operation of industrial activities, Natech accidents remain a threat. This is partly due to the absence of data and dedicated risk-assessment methodologies and tools. Even the Seveso Directives for the control of risks due to major accident hazards do not include any specific impositions regarding the management of Natech risks in the process industries. Among the few available tools there is the European Standard EN 62305, which addresses generic industrial sites, requiring to take into account the possibility of lightning and to select the appropriate protection measures. Since it is intended for generic industrial installations, this tool set the requirements for the design, the construction and the modification of structures, and is thus mainly oriented towards conventional civil building. A first purpose of this project is to study the effects and the consequences on industrial sites of lightning, which is the most common adverse natural phenomenon in Europe. Lightning is the cause of several industrial accidents initiated by natural causes. The industrial sectors most susceptible to accidents triggered by lightning is the petrochemical one, due to the presence of atmospheric tanks (especially floating roof tanks) containing flammable vapors which could be easily ignited by a lightning strike or by lightning secondary effects (as electrostatic and electromagnetic pulses or ground currents). A second purpose of this work is to implement the procedure proposed by the European Standard on a specific kind of industrial plant, i.e. on a chemical factory, in order to highlight the critical aspects of this implementation. A case-study plant handling flammable liquids was selected. The application of the European Standard allowed to estimate the incidence of lightning activity on the total value of the default release frequency suggested by guidelines for atmospheric storage tanks. Though it has become evident that the European Standard does not introduce any parameters explicitly pointing out the amount of dangerous substances which could be ignited or released. Furthermore the parameters that are proposed to describe the characteristics of the structures potentially subjected to lightning strikes are insufficient to take into account the specific features of different chemical equipment commonly present in chemical plants.

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Edwards, Bernard. "The process of nurse triage : a grounded theory exploration." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288107.

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De, Angelis Simone. "Emergency response to railroad accidents involving hazardous materials." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8071/.

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The chemical industry has to face safety problems linked to the hazards of chemicals and the risks posed by the plants where they are handled. However, their transport may cause significant risk values too: it’s not totally possible to avoid the occurrence of accidents. This work is focused on the emergency response to railway accidents involving hazardous materials, that is what has to be done once they happen to limit their consequences. A first effort has been devoted to understand the role given to this theme within legislations: it has been found out that often it’s not even taken into account. Exceptionally a few countries adopt guidelines suggesting how to plan the response, who is appointed to intervene and which actions should be taken first. An investigation has been made to define the tools available for the responders, with attention on the availability of chemical-specific safety distances. It has emerged that the ERG book adopted by some American countries has suggestions and the Belgian legislation too establishes criteria to evaluate these distances. An analysis has been conducted then on the most recent accidents occurred worldwide, to understand how the response was performed and which safety distances were adopted. These values were compared with the numbers reported by the ERG book and the results of two devoted software tools for consequence analysis of accidental spills scenarios. This comparison has shown that there are differences between them and that a more standardized approach is necessary. This is why further developments of the topic should focus on promoting uniform procedures for emergency response planning and on a worldwide adoption of a guidebook with suggestions about actions to reduce consequences and about safety distances, determined following finer researches. For this aim, the development of a detailed database of hazardous materials transportation accidents could be useful.

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Scarpari, Ylenia Benedetta. "Quantitative Assessment of Environmental Contamination due to NaTech Accidents." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Natech accidents are a serious challenge in the technological industry, since it is hard to predict them, and it is difficult to deal with them. Environmental contamination due to Natech accidents is a severe potential issue. It is important for it to be considered as a possible consequence of such accident scenarios and to assess it, in order to prevent or mitigate it. In the present study, a quantitative assessment of Natech events has been carried out, applied to a case study regarding the potential impact of earthquakes. Atmospheric storage tanks containing gasoline and crude oil were considered to fail and to release their content to the environment, leading to the contamination of soil and groundwater. The extent of the contamination was evaluated throughout a software (HSSM), and environmental risk indexes were calculated. It was figured out that gasoline, due to its properties, is able to easily reach the deep soil and the groundwater, potentially causing severe contamination, the treatment of which would be very expensive. Crude oil, being more viscous, is not able to reach the groundwater. However, it results in a large contamination of the surface, leading to a high cost of remediation actions. The results confirm the relevance of damage to environment potentially caused by Natech scenarios.

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Miller, Lynn. "Social-cognitive process in posttraumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident survivors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9334.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela in those individuals who survive or witness an event such as a motor vehicle accident (MVA) that may threaten personal and interpersonal integrity. Yet, not all individuals who experience MVAs develop PTSD. It was hypothesized that MVA survivors who developed PTSD would evidence dysfunctional thinking characterized by maladaptive rules, assumptions, and interpretations, or schema specific to road traffic situations. Such dysfunctional thinking patterns were thought to be associated with individuals' perceptions of increased threat in road traffic situations and with PTSD in survivors of MVAs. The study also sought to explore the possible modifying effect that social interactional influences may have on maladaptive schema. In Study 1, a Motor Vehicle-Related Schema (MVRS) questionnaire was developed as A tool to tap the content of a potential dysfunctional thought process germane to road traffic situations. In Study 2, MVA survivors who developed PTSD were compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD. A group of injured workers and a community sample were used as control groups. The control groups allowed the researcher to address the question of specificity of maladaptive schema related to road traffic situations in the MVA PTSD group. Multiple measures were used to assess the presence or absence of PTSD. Participants in the MVA PTSD group endorsed significantly higher levels of dysfunctional and maladaptive cognitions specific to road traffic situations than did all other participant groups. Given that other factors might influence this type of thought process, a number of other variables were examined. The findings remained robust even after adjustment for: (a) persistent dysfunctional schemas tapping general personal and interpersonal vulnerability, (b) subjective pain, and (c) self-reported depression. In addition, MVA survivors who developed PTSD, compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, reported significantly lower levels of perceived beneficial social interactions. However, these findings became non-significant after adjustment for subjective pain and self-reported depression. Overall, the findings suggest that MVA survivors who developed PTSD organized and interpreted stimuli relevant to road traffic situations in ways that were fundamentally different from MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, injured workers and a community sample. More specifically, participants in the MVA PTSD group tended to interpret road traffic situations as more threatening than did participants in the other groups in this study. The perception of lower levels of beneficial social interactions appear to be associated more with heightened levels of distress, pain, and depression than with PTSD. This investigation demonstrates that it is possible to tap into maladaptive schemas using a self-report measure. Consistent with cognitive-behavioral clinical protocols for MVA survivors with PTSD, these results support the notion that specific dysfunctional or maladaptive cognitions appear to characterize MVA survivors with PTSD. A better understanding of dysfunctional schemas specific to road traffic situations, gleaned through further research, may be of some benefit in attenuating or managing symptoms of PTSD in WA survivors. Although the injured workers were not the focus of this research, many of the participants in this group met the classification for PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This finding suggests that clinical screening and further research for PTSD in injured workers might also be warranted.

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GUTIERREZ, SIERRA SARA ANAHI. "PROCESO DE VALUACIÓN DE RESERVAS TÉCNICAS DE LA OPERACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES Y ENFERMEDADES." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68116.

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Este trabajo pretende de igual forma mostrar la relación que existe entre las Unidades de Aprendizaje estudiadas en la licenciatura en Actuaría de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y la práctica profesional en el área de Actuaría y Valuación en el ramo de Accidentes y Enfermedades. En el primer capítulo, se desarrolla el marco conceptual de las Reservas de Riesgos en Curso y de Siniestros Ocurridos y No Reportados, las definiciones de ambas reservas, brevemente la historia de éstas, la situación actual y sus principales variables o componentes más sensibles, la Normatividad de ambas reservas y la información considerada como primordial si se desea ejercer la práctica laboral en el área técnica del ramo de Accidentes y Enfermedades de una compañía de seguros. En el segundo capítulo, se desarrolla la parte correspondiente a las Valuaciones de cada una de las Reservas. La Reserva de Riesgos en Curso se explica con ejemplos sencillos y creados en base a la propia experiencia profesional, mientras que la Reserva de Siniestros Ocurridos y No Reportados se ejemplifica en base a la opinión del Director General de Supervisión Actuarial de la Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas. Además, en este capítulo se pretende mostrar en donde radica la importancia de la Valuación de Reservas dentro del Estado de Resultados. En el tercer capítulo se hace una breve semblanza de la compañía de seguros en la que se ejerce la actividad laboral y además se hace la relación de las Unidades de Aprendizaje estudiadas en la Licenciatura en Actuaría con las actividades realizadas en la práctica profesional. Se pretende hacer mención de las principales Unidades de Aprendizaje tanto de forma individual como en conjunto, distinguiendo en todo momento la importancia de cada una de ellas.

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Li, Tieyu. "Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process application : quality control in medical device manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90689.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, June 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2012."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 102-103).
The goal of medical device industry is to provide patients and healthcare professionals effective, reliable, safe and affordable products. However, due to the dynamic and competitive operation and business environment, most manufacturers did not always attain this goal. It is a challenge to balance the demands of meeting government regulations and containing production costs, in an effort to produce the most effective, reliable and safest medical devices. The increasing complexity on product structures, production process and usage context make this task even more formidable. The increase in serious adverse events has outpaced industry growth by 8 % since 2001[1], which reflects the insufficiency of traditional quality control measures. The disastrous consequences of quality hazards usually have profound impact on customers, manufacturers, and communities. Therefore, it is imperative to look for a better way to achieve effective quality control in medical device industry. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the traditional quality control measures, which are now widely adopted in quality systems of medical device industry for designing and development, process control and non-conformance handling, with the approach of Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) based System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method. Through the case study on real quality issue in manufacturing control, this work analyzes the current states of complex manufacturing process controls that are designed by utilizing traditional principles and tools, and demonstrates the improvement after the STPA techniques was applied to the same cases. The advantages of STPA technique is to model the process to system control structure without oversimplifying any possible influencing factors, and then examine the links an interaction among these factors to reveal what constraints need to be installed and are followed to ensure that the system performs in safe zone and deliver the expected outcomes. This approach can effectively reveal hidden defects and dangers in system that the traditional measures are not able to detect, and thus is very helpful to the high-stake industry such as medical device manufacturing to prevent potential serious adverse events and protect patients from injuries caused by accidents of quality hazards.
by Tieyu Li.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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Sorichetti, Riccardo. "Natech QRA in natural gas processing plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Natural calamities as floods, earthquakes or lightning strikes might lead to major accidents in chemical, petrochemical and process facilities. Such natural-technological events are termed as Natech events and occurred several times in the past. In the present study, a methodology for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of Natech scenarios triggered by floods, earthquakes and lightning based on the extension of the scheme used for conventional risk assessment is presented. However, specific steps and specific models and tools were required to extend the conventional QRA procedure to Natech risk assessment, as the characterization of the natural hazard, the use of vulnerability models to evaluate the equipment damage probability and the risk recomposition of credible combinations of simultaneous events. The QRA procedure was then applied to a typical natural gas processing plant located in Italy. After the application of the QRA procedure, the risk indexes were calculated for the case study, enabling a detailed insight of risk due to Natech events. In particular, the simultaneous failure of multiple items led to high severity Natech scenarios. This effect is clear analyzing the F-N curves obtained for the case of earthquake and flood induced Natech accidents, that showed some additional steps at high N values due to the presence of “combined scenarios” associated to the simultaneous failure of multiple units. However, some assumptions and simplifications were required, in particular for the extensions of vulnerability models in case of seismic events and for the application of the risk recombination tool used to evaluate the risk associated to combination of events evidencing that there are still some gaps that need to be filled in order to allow a more robust application of QRA to Natech scenarios, requiring future research efforts.

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Ricci, Federica. "Analysis of past accident triggered by natural events (NaTech)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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In the last decades an increasing trend of NaTech accidents (Natural Hazard Triggering Technological Disasters) is affecting industry, possibly leading to major accidents, exacerbated by the occurrence of multiple simultaneous failures, cascading events (domino effects), and the disruption of utilities, safety systems, and lifelines. In this panorama, it becomes vital to collect and analyse data on past industrial accidents caused by natural events, being almost the unique source of information on NaTech scenarios. Indeed, the main objective of the present work is to understand the dynamic of NaTech accidental events, in order to draw lessons aimed at minimizing and preventing their footprint. Firstly, a database collecting 908 accidents that affected chemical and process industries has been created. Secondly, the database has been analysed in order to find out the trend of NaTech accident compared to the one of natural events, the geographical area involved, the triggering natural events, the final scenarios that occurs, the consequences on human and the economic damages. Particular attention has been given to the presence of safety barriers and their effectiveness in case of NaTech scenarios. Depending on the availability of information, some focuses have been made on specific natural events. Lastly, Multiple Correspondence Analysis has been used to evaluate additional specific correlations between the categorical variables present in the database. Through the present technique, the relationship between each natural event and the other characteristic of the accident are clarified, such as final scenarios, macro sectors involved and consequences on human and on assets. Also in this case, the presence and the effectiveness of barriers is evaluated according to the natural events.

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Bazan, Delgado Nadia Rubi. "La carga probatoria en los procesos laborales sobre indemnización por accidentes de trabajo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2489.

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La presente investigación trata del análisis de diversos criterios jurisprudenciales sobre la carga probatoria y sobre la imputación de la responsabilidad en los procesos donde se pretende indemnización por accidentes de trabajo, en vista de que vulneran diversos derechos constitucionales. Ante ello, se busca evidenciar las falencias en los fallos, y posteriormente brindar criterios para la aplicación de la nueva Ley procesal de trabajo, la Ley de seguridad y salud en el trabajo; y supletoriamente el Código Civil; en casos similares a los estudiados. Ante ello, es necesario la implementación de los siguientes criterios: a) Aplicación de la normativa específica (NLPT, LSST y su reglamento) sobre la normativa general (código Civil) respecto a las distribuciones legales de la carga probatoria que establece la NLPT; b) Garantizar la igualdad en la valoración de las pruebas en el proceso laboral a través de la aplicación de los principios del Derecho Laboral; c) Realizar una interpretación sistemática por ubicación de la norma del art. 23 de la NLPT en concurrencia con los artículos 53°, 94° de la LSST y su reglamento. Pues en su conjunto generan una adecuada tutela jurisdiccional efectiva, en donde se aplica la ley con igualdad y efectividad; sin hacer un uso abusivo de la protección al trabajador.
Tesis

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Panta, Phang Brenda Esther. "Mejoras en el proceso de prevención de accidentes de trabajo para una empresa constructora." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620951.

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La presente tesis tiene como objetivo la elaboración de mejoras en el proceso de prevención de accidentes de trabajo para una empresa constructora en Perú. El proyecto se divide en las etapas de diagnóstico del problema, formulación de la propuesta de mejora y su validación. Como resultado de la primera etapa se identificó como problema a los gastos causados por la ocurrencia de accidentes dentro de las obras fuera del rango normal del sector construcción impactando negativamente al margen de utilidad de las obras, utilizando la consulta de fuentes teóricas y legales en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional y herramientas de análisis de causa se determinó como causas principales la débil cultura preventiva, que el análisis de riesgo no es una tarea interiorizada por el personal y la existencia de necesidades de información en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional sin atender. Utilizando los resultados de la primera etapa como punto de partida, la presente tesis se enfoca en la implementación de una reestructura del proceso de prevención de accidentes de la empresa constructora bajo la premisa de cero accidentes basada en la metodología del PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) como propuesta de solución. Por último, con respecto a la etapa de validación, se encontraron tres casos de éxito que respaldan la propuesta de solución, se obtuvieron resultados rentables demostrados en tres diferentes escenarios (optimista, normal y pesimista) e impactos mayormente positivos en los stakeholders de la propuesta. En conclusión, el problema identificado en el proceso de prevención de accidentes de la empresa constructora es atacable y solucionable mediante la implementación de una propuesta enfocada en la cultura preventiva, análisis de riesgo y flujo de información.
This thesis aims to develop improvements in the process of accident prevention work of a construction company in Peru. The project is divided into stages of diagnosis of the problem, formulation of the proposed improvement and validation. As a result of the first stage was identified as a problem to expenses caused by the occurrence of accidents in the works outside the normal range of the construction sector negatively impacting the profit margin of the works of the company, using the query theoretical sources and legal safety and occupational health and analysis tools cause was determined as main causes weak preventive culture, that risk analysis is not a task internalized by staff and the existence of information needs in the field of occupational health and safety unattended. Using the results of the first stage as a starting point, this thesis focuses on the implementation of a restructuring process accident prevention construction company under the premise of zero accidents based on the methodology of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) as proposed solution. Finally, with respect to the validation stage, three success stories that support the proposed solution were found, profitable results were obtained shown in three different scenarios (optimistic, normal and pessimistic) and mostly positive impacts on stakeholders of the proposal. In conclusion, the problem identified in accident prevention process of the construction company is attackable and solvable by implementing a proposal focused on the culture of prevention, risk analysis and information flow.
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Alileche, Nassim. "Etude des effets dominos sur une zone industrielle." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0013.

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Les effets dominos ou cascade d’événements dans les industries et particulièrement dans les industries chimiques et de transformation, sont reconnus comme des scénarios d’accidents possibles depuis environ trois décennies. Ils représentent une préoccupation croissante, car ils ont le potentiel de provoquer des conséquences dévastatrices. L’effet domino, comme phénomène, est un sujet controversé lorsque son évaluation est nécessaire. L’examen de la bibliographie a démontré l’absence d’une définition commune et d’une procédure simple d’utilisation et précise pour son appréciation. C’est pourquoi l’un des objectifs de cette recherche est de formaliser les connaissances relatives aux effets dominos afin de comprendre les mécanismes de leurs occurrences. Pour ce faire nous avons étudié les paramètres à examiner pour déterminer la possibilité de cascade et être en mesure d’identifier les scénarios dominos. L’enjeu étant de permettre l’amélioration de la prévention du risque d’effet domino. L’autre objectif est donc de produire une méthode pour l’identification et l’analyse des effets dominos. Nous avons développé une méthodologie globale pour l’étude des effets dominos en chaîne initiés par des pertes de confinement. Elle permet l’identification et la hiérarchisation des chemins de propagation des accidents. Cette méthode facilite la prise de décision pour la prévention des effets dominos, tout en proposant un outil efficace et simple d’utilisation. Les résultats de l’étude sont fournis sous forme d’une hiérarchisation quantitative des équipements impliqués dans les scénarios dominos, en tenant compte des effets des conditions météorologiques et des mesures de maîtrise des risques existantes ou proposées.Cette hiérarchisation donne une idée claire des dangers que représentent les équipements par rapport aux accidents en cascade, en précisant si la dangerosité de l’équipement provient de sa capacité à initier ou à propager un effet de cascade.La méthode est basée sur une description topographique de la zone étudiée, incluant les caractéristiques de chaque équipement, et prend en compte les mesures de maîtrise des risques mises en œuvre par l’industriel. Elle repose sur deux phases principales : La première, est l’identification des chemins de propagation des accidents. Pour ce faire, la méthode d’analyse par arbre d’événements est utilisée. Les cibles potentielles sont déterminées en combinant les valeurs seuils d’escalade et les modèles de vulnérabilité (pour l’estimation de la probabilité d’endommagement). Cette première phase est implémentée sous MATLAB® et Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) afin de faciliter l’entrée des données, et l’analyse des résultats dans Microsoft Excel®. La deuxième phase est l’identification des équipements les plus dangereux vis-à-vis des effets dominos. Elle consiste à hiérarchiser les équipements impliqués dans les chemins de propagation, en fonction de leur vraisemblance à causer ou à propager un effet domino. L’algorithme qui effectue cette phase est codé sous VBA. La méthode a été conçue de façon à ce qu’elle puisse être utilisée sans qu’il soit nécessaire de s’appuyer sur les résultats des études de dangers. Néanmoins, si ces résultats sont disponibles, il est alors possible d’alléger certaines étapes de la méthode. Elle s’est révélée facile à utiliser, cela a été constaté lors de son application dans le cadre de projets et stages d’étudiants
Domino effects or cascading events in the chemical and process industries are recognized as credible accident scenarios since three decades. They are raising a growing concern, as they have the potential to cause catastrophic consequences. Domino effect, as phenomenon, is still a controversial topic when coming to its assessment. There is still a poor agreement on the definition of domino effect and its assessment procedures. A number of different definitions and approaches are proposed in technical standards and in the scientific literature. Therefore, one of this research objectives is to formalize domino effects knowledges in order to comprehend their occurrence mechanisms. Thus, the parameters that should be looked at so as to understand the escalation possibility and in order to identify domino scenarios, were analyzed. The aim is to improve domino effect hazards prevention, through the development of a methodology for the identification and the analysis of domino effects.We developed a method for the analysis of domino accident chain caused by loss of containments. It allow the identification and prioritization of accident propagation paths. The method is user-friendly and help decision making regarding the prevention of cascading events. The final outcomes of the model are given in form of quantitative rankings of equipment involved in domino scenarios, taking into account the effect of meteorological conditions and safety barriers. The rankings give a clear idea of equipment hazard for initiating or continuing cascading events.The methodology is based on a topography of the industrial area of concern, including the characteristics of each unit and accounting for protection and mitigation barriers. It is based on two main stages. The first is the identification of accident propagation paths. For this, the event tree method is used. The possible targets are identified combining the escalation thresholds and vulnerability models (to estimate damage probability). This first stage was implemented using the MATLAB® software and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to enable an easy input procedure and output analysis in Microsoft Excel®.The second stage is the identification of the most dangerous equipment. It consists in prioritizing equipment involved in the propagation paths according to their likelihood to cause/propagate domino effect. The algorithm that performs this phase was coded in VBA.The method was designed so as it can be used without the need to rely on the results of safety reports. However, if such results are available, it is possible to lighten some steps of the method. It revealed easy to apply, this was confirmed through projects and student internships
Gli effetti domino, in cui un primo incidente causa in cascata altri scenari incidentali, sono tragli scenari incidentali più severi che avvengono nell’industria chimica. Nonostante l’attenzioneche anche la normativa dedica a tali scenari, la valutazione dell’effetto domino è un soggettocontroverso. L’analisi della letteratura tecnica e scientifica ha mostrato l’assenza di unadefinizione comune di « effetto domino » e di una semplice procedura per l’identificazione ditali scenari. È per tale motivo che uno degli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca è diformalizzare le conoscenze relative agli effetti domino al fine di meglio comprendere imeccanismi che possono provocarli. A tal proposito sono stati studiati i parametri necessariper determinare la possibilità dell’insorgere di cascate di eventi e per essere in grado diidentificare i possibili scenari incidentali dovuti ad effetto domino. L’obiettivo finale del lavoroè stato di sviluppare un metodo per l’identificazione e l’analisi quantitativa della propagazionedi incidenti primari nell’ambito di scenari dovuti ad effetto domino.E’ stata sviluppata una metodologia generale per l’analisi degli effetti domino causati daperdite di confinamento. Tale metodologia permette l’identificazione e la classificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. Tale metodo facilita inoltre la prevenzione deglieffetti domino, proponendo uno strumento efficace e semplice da utilizzare.I risultati di questo studio sono forniti in forma di una classificazione delle apparecchiaturecoinvolte in scenari dovuti ad effetto domino, tenendo conto degli effetti delle condizionimeteorologiche e delle misure esistenti per la gestione del rischio. Tale classificazione fornisceanche un chiara idea dei pericoli rappresentati dalle singole apparecchiature nel caso diincidenti in cascata, in quanto precisando se la pericolosità delle attrezzature proviene dallaloro capacità di innescare o propagare un reazione a catena.Il metodo è basato su una descrizione topografica del sito studiato, che comprende anche lecaratteristiche di ogni attrezzatura, che tiene conto delle misure di gestione dei rischi e dellebarriere di sicurezza presenti, basato su due fasi principali. La prima è l’identificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. A tale scopo è stato utilizzato un metodo basatoVIsull’albero degli eventi. I potenziali bersagli vengono determinati combinando i valori di sogliaper la propagazione degli eventi ed i modelli di vulnerabilità delle apparecchiature. Questaprima fase è implementata in MATLAB® e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in modo dafacilitare la gestione dei dati e l’analisi dei risultati in Microsoft Excel®.La seconda fase è l’identificazione delle apparecchiature più pericolose per gli effetti domino.Tale fase consiste nel classificare le apparecchiature coinvolte nei percorsi di propagazione infunzione della loro capacità di causare o propagare un effetto domino. L’algoritmo dedicato inquesta fase è eseguito su VBA.I risultati ottenuti anche nell’applicazione ad un caso di studio hanno evidenziato le potenzialitàdel metodo, che rappresenta un significativo progresso nell’analisi quantitativa dell’effetto domino

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Siña, Herbozo Victor Miguel. "AUTOMATIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE OBSERVACIÓN DE SEGURIDAD COMO MEJORA DE UNA HERRAMIENTA PREVENTIVA DE ACCIDENTES." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2008. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/urp/2008/sina_vm/html/index-frames.html.

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Ortiz, Munõz Jenny Amanda. "Evaluación de proceso de una intervención para la prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62102.

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A intervenção Módulo Ambientes Seguros (Ortiz, 2009, 2010) foi avaliada no seu processo, ao desenvolvê-la com 16 famílias participantes residentes na cidade de Bogotá. Este processo de avaliação foi parte de um estudo maior. A avaliação do processo visou melhorar o processo da intervenção e a qualidade dos dados obtidos para uma posterior avaliação de efeitos. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste estudo foi estabelecido que ambos, os instrumentos e os procedimentos selecionados para a coleta de dados (observação naturalística), foram adequados e estão em consonância com a realidade das famílias bogotanas de baixo nível socioeconômico. Concluiu-se que existe a necessidade de fortalecer tanto o processo de coleta de informações, como o processo de aplicação da intervenção em si mesmo. Sugere-se a realização de uma nova formação de profissionais. O estudo fornece evidências sobre como promover a tomada de decisões e o desenvolvimento de intervenções baseadas em evidências nos governos locais.
The Intervention Módulo Ambientes Seguros (Ortiz, 2009; 2010) was evaluated in their process, and was implemented with 16 families residents in Bogota city. This process evaluation was part of a larger study. Process evaluation wanted to improve the process and the quality of the data for the future evaluation of effects. The results of this evaluation process, established that both, instruments and the procedure selected for the data collection (naturalistic observation), are appropriate to the reality of the families and their socioeconomic status. Also was concluded that is necessary to strengthen the process of data collection and the process of the intervention itself. It is suggested develop a new training program. The study provides evidence about how to promote decisions and evidence-based interventions, like a real option for local governments.
La intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros (Ortiz, 2009;2010) fue evaluada em su proceso, al ser implementada con 16 familias participantes habitantes em la ciudad de Bogotá. Esta evaluación de proceso hijo parte de um estudio mayor. La evaluación de procesos estabeleció que tanto los instrumentos como el procedimiento seleccionado para realizar la recolección de La información (observación naturalista), fueron pertinentes y se ajustan a la realidad de las familias bogotanas de bajo nivel socioeconômico. Se concluye que es necesario fortalecer tanto el proceso de recolección de la información, como el proceso de implementación de la intervención propriamente dicho, a través de uma nueva capacitación a los profesionales. El estudio brinda evidencia sobre cómo promover que decisiones e intervenciones basadas em la evidencia para los gobiernos locales.

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Paula, Beatriz Lima de [UNESP]. "Aplicação do processo hierárquico analítico (AHP) na priorização de áreas de risco geológico para a implantação de intervenções em assentamentos urbanos precários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102873.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A ocorrência de processos da geodinâmica interna e externa em áreas ocupadas pode provocar sérios acidentes geológicos que afetam diretamente o homem, inclusive com o registro de mortes e de grandes prejuízos econômicos. O processo de urbanização levou ao crescimento das cidades em muitas áreas impróprias à ocupação, aumentando as situações de perigo e de risco a desastres naturais. Em alguns municípios brasileiros foram elaborados Planos Municipais de Redução de Riscos (PMRR) que é apresentado na forma de um relatório, onde são delimitados os setores de risco. A partir da elaboração do PMRR, os gestores de riscos geológicos podem implantar as intervenções necessárias para que se possa diminuir ou eliminar o risco assim que possível. Para a implantação dessas intervenções, o especialista responsável pelo mapeamento sugere a priorização das áreas que serão contempladas com as obras de redução ou eliminação do risco. Vale ressaltar que, apesar do julgamento do especialista ser criterioso, a decisão quanto à priorização das alternativas de intervenção é subjetiva. Não há como eliminar essa subjetividade, mas o uso de técnicas de tomada de decisão possibilita avaliar se o raciocínio do especialista é coerente, ou seja, se seu julgamento é lógico quando avalia a importância relativa de cada condicionante utilizado para a priorização das intervenções. Uma das primeiras técnicas desenvolvidas para múltiplos critérios é a AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar se a utilização da AHP contribui para que os resultados da indicação das áreas prioritárias para implantação de intervenções podem ser considerados mais coerentes do que nas situações em que a priorização se dá sem...
Occurrence of geodynamic processes in the occupied areas can cause serious geological accident that affect humans, including the registration of deaths and enormous economic losses. The process of urbanization has led to the growth of cities in many areas unsuitable for occupancy, increasing the danger and risk to natural disasters. In some municipalities have been prepared Plano Municipais de Redução de Risco (PMRR) that appears in the form of a report, which are delimited sectors at risk. With the development of PMRR, risk managers can deploy necessary interventions that can reduce or eliminate the risk as soon as possible. For implementation of these interventions, the specialist responsible of mapping suggests the prioritization of areas to be covered with works by reducing or eliminating the risk. Despite the judgment of experts to be careful, the decision on the prioritization of alternative intervention is subjective. There is no way to eliminate this subjectivity, but the use of technical decisionmaking is important to evaluate whether the expert's reasoning is consistent, that is, if his judgment is logical when assessing the relative importance of each condition used for the prioritization of interventions. One of the first techniques developed for multiple criteria is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Thus, the objective of this research was to determine whether the use of AHP contributes to the results of the indication of priority areas for implementation of interventions can be considered more consistent than in situations where the priority is given without the use of techniques for making decision. For this, it was selected some PMRR's made in Caraguatatuba Cubatão Itapecerica da Serra, Suzano and São Paulo, it was included geological risks associated with landslides and washouts of banks of streams... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Cortés, Gutiérrez Paulina. "La música lenguaje de emociones. Proceso musicoterapéutico grupal con padres de niños con accidentes de quemadura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101377.

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Hadikusumo, Bonaventura H. W. "Virtually real construction sfite processes : hazard identification and accident precaution planning using design-for-safety-process (DFSP) tool /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24872829.

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Bergström, Charlotta. "Safety and Sustainability in the Community Planning Process : Actors' Interests, Roles and Influences." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Urban Planning and Environment, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3933.

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The licentiate dissertation “Safety and Sustainability in the Community Planning Process – Actors’ Interests, Roles and Influence” has in three case studies over detailed development planning processes examined how issues related to safety and sustainability are handled in Swedish municipal planning. The research project has focused on three municipal actors; the Planning Office, the Environmental Agency and the Fire and Rescue Services. The complete planning process has been assessed, starting with comprehensive planning, to detailed development planning and on to building permit assessment. The project’s aim has been to investigate how actors’ roles, interests, responsibilities and position influence the planning process.

A handling procedure of preventing accidents instead of treating damages caused by accidents is increasingly stressed in society, with the effect that emphasis of handling these matters is given to community planning. This shift in turn has the effect that safety and sustainability become central in community planning, at the same time as new actors’ active participation is requested. One outcome is that municipal authorities such as the Environmental Agency and the Fire and Rescue Services are increasingly invited to actively participate in the plan work. Both actors have important roles in guarding safety and sustainability issues. Their approaches to these issues however differ, which influences how the matters are handled. The Planning Office has the role of balancing and transforming other planning participants’ contribution to the planning process. They also have responsibility of directing the process ahead. Actors participate in planning based on their knowledge, competence, interests and perspectives, but have to relate to conditions in-built in the planning context.

The study has provided a view of actors work with safety and sustainability in community planning. Especially regarding collaboration between actors, actors’ access to planning as well as their possibilities for influence. A number of key issues have been extracted, which adjusted to the local planning context can favour the development of a safe and sustainable urban environment.

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Paula, Beatriz Lima de. "Aplicação do processo hierárquico analítico (AHP) na priorização de áreas de risco geológico para a implantação de intervenções em assentamentos urbanos precários /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102873.

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Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva Cerri
Banca: Oswaldo Augusto Filho
Banca: José Luis Ridente Junior
Banca: Maria Giovane Parizzi
Banca: Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira Reis
Resumo: A ocorrência de processos da geodinâmica interna e externa em áreas ocupadas pode provocar sérios acidentes geológicos que afetam diretamente o homem, inclusive com o registro de mortes e de grandes prejuízos econômicos. O processo de urbanização levou ao crescimento das cidades em muitas áreas impróprias à ocupação, aumentando as situações de perigo e de risco a desastres naturais. Em alguns municípios brasileiros foram elaborados Planos Municipais de Redução de Riscos (PMRR) que é apresentado na forma de um relatório, onde são delimitados os setores de risco. A partir da elaboração do PMRR, os gestores de riscos geológicos podem implantar as intervenções necessárias para que se possa diminuir ou eliminar o risco assim que possível. Para a implantação dessas intervenções, o especialista responsável pelo mapeamento sugere a priorização das áreas que serão contempladas com as obras de redução ou eliminação do risco. Vale ressaltar que, apesar do julgamento do especialista ser criterioso, a decisão quanto à priorização das alternativas de intervenção é subjetiva. Não há como eliminar essa subjetividade, mas o uso de técnicas de tomada de decisão possibilita avaliar se o raciocínio do especialista é coerente, ou seja, se seu julgamento é lógico quando avalia a importância relativa de cada condicionante utilizado para a priorização das intervenções. Uma das primeiras técnicas desenvolvidas para múltiplos critérios é a AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar se a utilização da AHP contribui para que os resultados da indicação das áreas prioritárias para implantação de intervenções podem ser considerados mais coerentes do que nas situações em que a priorização se dá sem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Occurrence of geodynamic processes in the occupied areas can cause serious geological accident that affect humans, including the registration of deaths and enormous economic losses. The process of urbanization has led to the growth of cities in many areas unsuitable for occupancy, increasing the danger and risk to natural disasters. In some municipalities have been prepared Plano Municipais de Redução de Risco (PMRR) that appears in the form of a report, which are delimited sectors at risk. With the development of PMRR, risk managers can deploy necessary interventions that can reduce or eliminate the risk as soon as possible. For implementation of these interventions, the specialist responsible of mapping suggests the prioritization of areas to be covered with works by reducing or eliminating the risk. Despite the judgment of experts to be careful, the decision on the prioritization of alternative intervention is subjective. There is no way to eliminate this subjectivity, but the use of technical decisionmaking is important to evaluate whether the expert's reasoning is consistent, that is, if his judgment is logical when assessing the relative importance of each condition used for the prioritization of interventions. One of the first techniques developed for multiple criteria is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Thus, the objective of this research was to determine whether the use of AHP contributes to the results of the indication of priority areas for implementation of interventions can be considered more consistent than in situations where the priority is given without the use of techniques for making decision. For this, it was selected some PMRR's made in Caraguatatuba Cubatão Itapecerica da Serra, Suzano and São Paulo, it was included geological risks associated with landslides and washouts of banks of streams... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Brabie, Dan. "On the Influence of Rail Vehicle Parameters on the Derailment Process and its Consequences." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-242.

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Hall, Harding J. "Applying System-Theoretic Accident Model Process view to patient safety for treatment with oral chemotherapy and anti-cancer drugs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112064.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 60-65).
Although the use of anti-neoplastic chemotherapy provides benefit to patients with both malignant and non-malignant diseases, the use of these agents can be at times associated with safety concerns for both patients and the healthcare workers that administer the medication. In order to mitigate the risks or hazards that are identified there are several potential tools to consider. The tool considered for this thesis will be applying a System Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). STAMP is used to investigate the safety of complex systems involving humans, organizations, computers, and other equipment. STAMP has the advantage of facilitating the understanding of highly complicated environments where traditional safety techniques become too costly and cumbersome and hence less efficient. "In the traditional causality models, accidents are considered to be caused by chains of failure events, each failure directly causing the next one in the chain" (Leveson, Engineering a Safer World, 2011). This view is rather different from the perspective taken by STAMP. In STAMP, accidents arise from complex processes involving, not just component failures and faults, but also system design errors, unintended component interactions, human errors, management oversight inadequacies, and more (Leveson, 2011). This thesis presents the "control structure" component of STPA as derived from inputs from healthcare workers particular to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The suggested control structure will ultimately lay the groundwork for future work on a detailed Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and generate specific recommendations to help address the identified risks and hazards in addressing patient safety issues.
by Harding J. Hall.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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Sener, Ipek Nese. "An Innovative Model Integrating Spatial And Statistical Analyses For A Comprehensive Traffic Accident Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606148/index.pdf.

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The negative social and economic results of traffic accidents are the most serious problems within the concept of traffic safety. Every year, unfortunately, a huge number of traffic accidents result in destructive losses. Especially, when the holiness of human life is concerned, traffic safety has an invaluable role for the traffic improvement strategies. In this manner, Turkey places one of the highest ranks regarding the growing rate and severity of traffic accidents that should be immediately taken under control. In this study, an innovative model that constructs a hybrid between the spatial and statistical analyses is developed in order to examine the importance of enhancing statistical analysis with georeferenced data and so location-based studies in traffic accident analysis. Meanwhile, the effects of road characteristic and environment are considered for exploring the integral role of roadway factor to the occurrence of accidents, and consequently for emphasizing easily applicable and controllable engineering safety measures. Because of the rare and random distribution of traffic accident data, logistic regression is used for the statistical part of the study in order to find the pairwise risk factors among the roadway and environmental parameters. After unifying these relative risk factors with the logic of Analytic Hierarchy Process, the finalized accident risk factors are attached to the digitized road characteristics map through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The abilities of GIS in mapping, displaying and overlaying different data sets ensure to visualize high risked accident areas with their corresponding potential causal factors. The integration of statistical and spatial analyses is essential for developing appropriate and effective precautions in addition to its easily understandable, applicable and modifiable structure. Finally, the model is proven to be appropriate for both interpreting the existing traffic accident problem or potential future accidents and also developing comprehensive and reliable location-based safety studies.

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Incarnação, Luzinete Rezende da. "O TRABALHO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM: ANÁLISE DOS ACIDENTES DE TRABALHO COM MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO GOIÁS 2008-2012." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2195.

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The working process exists in any activity performed by man, from the simplest to the most complex actions. The man is somehow inserted in some kind of activity. Nursing, carefully loaded history with each other, from its beginnings to the present day. In the Brazilian context, the trade is practiced by male and female workers, with significant prominence to female professionals. Considering the three levels of Nurse category, Technical Nursing and Nursing Assistant, it can be said that these professionals occupy a significant portion of industrial spaces, especially in health policy. This category in some workspaces represent 40% of workers, such as in hospitals. The objective of this work is summarized in interest to ascertain the extent of occupational accidents with biological material in the state of Goiás, in the period 2008- 2012, in which nursing professionals are victimized. As they relate to accidents with biological material, the nursing workers are exposed to various kinds of diseases through from contamination and injury or direct contamination with organic substances of patients. Accidents involving biological material can result in severe contamination of workers, such as contamination by virus Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and other diseases. In many cases, professionals terminate their working life very early. As the method, the research was based on the qualitative-quantitative descriptive methodology and documentary source, having as source the CEREST database of the State of Goiás. The data were taken from SINAN record notified to regional CERESTs of Goiás and forwarded to CEREST state. In referring the results, in the course of the work we observed the existence of underreporting of accidents with biological material significantly, in addition to incomplete notifications. This is justified in different ways, ignoring the guidance that all workplace accidents, regardless of clearance work activities, must be completed and notified the event through CAT - Notice of Work Accident.
O Processo de trabalho existe em qualquer atividade desenvolvida pelo homem, das ações mais simples às mais complexas. O Homem de alguma forma está inserido em algum tipo de atividade. A enfermagem, com histórico carregado de cuidado com o outro, desde seus primórdios até os dias atuais. No contexto brasileiro, a profissão é exercida por trabalhadores do sexo masculino e feminino, com proeminência significativa para profissionais do sexo feminino. Considerando os três níveis de categoria Enfermeiro, Técnico em Enfermagem e Auxiliar de Enfermagem, é possível afirmar que estes profissionais ocupam uma porção significativa dos espaços laborais, em especial, na política de saúde. Essa categoria em alguns espaços de trabalho representam 40% dos trabalhadores, como por exemplo, nos hospitais. O objetivo deste trabalho se resume no interesse de conhecer a dimensão dos acidentes de trabalho com material biológico no Estado de Goiás, no período 2008-2012, em que os profissionais de Enfermagem são vitimados. No que se referem aos acidentes com material biológico, os profissionais de Enfermagem estão expostos a vários tipos de doenças por meio de contaminação e a partir de lesão ou contaminação direta com substâncias orgânicas dos pacientes. Acidentes com material biológico podem resultar em contaminação grave dos trabalhadores, como por exemplo, a contaminação pelo vírus Hepatite B, Hepatite C, HIV, entre outras doenças. Em muitos casos, os profissionais encerram sua vida laboral muito cedo. Quanto o método, à pesquisa pautou-se na metodologia descritiva qualiquantitativa e em fonte documental, tendo como fonte o banco de dados do CEREST do Estado de Goiás. Os dados foram extraídos da ficha SINAN, notificados aos CERESTs regionais de Goiás e encaminhados ao CEREST Estadual. No que se referem os resultados, no transcorrer do trabalho foi possível observar a existência de subnotificações dos acidentes com material biológico de maneira significativa, além das notificações incompletas. Esta situação é justificada de diferentes modos, ignorando a orientação que todos os acidentes de trabalho, independente do afastamento das atividades laborais, deverá ser preenchido e notificado o evento por meio da CAT Comunicado Acidente de Trabalho.

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Mochamad, Adhiraga Pratama. "MODELING THE FLUX OF RADIOCESIUM REDISTRIBUTION IN A RIVER CATCHMENT FOLLOWING FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT BASED ON THE WASH-OFF PROCESS." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202703.

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Rivas, Montenegro Alfredo, and Lévano Jose María Paredes. "Solución tecnológica para optimizar el proceso de identificación y atención de accidentes de tránsito en Lima Metropolitana utilizando Smart Traffic." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653688.

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Actualmente, Perú tiene la mayor tasa de mortalidad en la región respecto a accidentes de tránsito, alcanzando en Lima más de 50,000 siniestros vehiculares y más de 500 fallecidos al año, según la Policía Nacional del Perú. Esto se debe, principalmente, a la imprudencia de conductores y/o peatones, pero también a la demora en la atención debido a las condiciones del tránsito en la ciudad, lo que aumenta el índice de víctimas fatales. Las entidades locales responsables se encuentran desarrollando proyectos para el mejoramiento del tránsito, no obstante, se ha identificado que las soluciones actuales no cuentan con las características suficientes para poder cubrir los problemas presentados. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo principal implementar una solución tecnológica basada en Smart Traffic para optimizar la identificación y atención de accidentes de tránsito en Lima Metropolitana, empleando infraestructura vial, tecnológica y soluciones analíticas. Esta solución consiste en la captura de datos a través de diversos dispositivos, el procesamiento y análisis de los datos a través de un motor de analítica, la ejecución de acciones en tiempo real para la detección y atención de los siniestros, y la presentación de resultados y reportes, todo soportado en la infraestructura vial existente y en tecnologías como Internet of Things, Big Data & Analytics y Cloud Computing. Asimismo, se ha realizado la validación del modelo propuesto en base a escenarios de prueba con métricas existentes, y se ha elaborado un plan de continuidad que asegure la viabilidad y alta disponibilidad de la propuesta.
Currently, Peru has the highest mortality rate in the region regarding traffic accidents, reaching more than 50,000 vehicle accidents in Lima and more than 500 deaths per year, according to Policía Nacional del Perú. This is mainly due to the recklessness of drivers and / or pedestrians, but also to the delay in attention due to the current traffic conditions in the city, which increases the rate of fatalities. Local entities in charge are developing projects to improve traffic, however, it has been identified that current solutions do not have sufficient characteristics to cover the problems presented. The main objective of this project is to implement a technological solution based on Smart Traffic to optimize the identification and attention of traffic accidents in Lima Metropolitana, using road infrastructure, technology and analytical solutions. This solution consists of data capture through various devices, data processing and analysis through an analytics engine, the execution of actions in real time for the detection and attention of traffic accidents, and the presentation of results. and reports, all supported by the existing road infrastructure and by technologies such as Internet of Things, Big Data & Analytics and Cloud Computing. Also, the proposed model has been validated based on test scenarios with existing metrics, and a continuity plan has been drawn up to ensure the viability and high availability of the proposal.
Tesis

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Araya, Sepúlveda Gonzalo Matías. "Automatización y mejora de pocesos de la gestión técnica del seguro obligatorio de accidentes personales para Consorcio Seguros Generales S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138445.

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Magíster en Ingeniería de Negocios con Tecnologías de Información
Consorcio es uno de los mayores conglomerados financieros del país y la mayor aseguradora del mercado. Entre las filiales dedicadas a los seguros, se encuentra Consorcio generales, la filial encargada de los seguros no-vida. Dentro de esta empresa es que se enmarca el proyecto, intentado potenciar el crecimiento para un producto donde se ve un gran potencial tanto en participación de mercado como en rentabilidad. El objetivo principal del presente proyecto de grado es el aumento del beneficio y marketshare del seguro obligatorio de accidentes personales (SOAP) mediante la implementación de Analítica y la automatización de procesos claves propios de la gestión técnica del producto. Para esto se aplicara la metodología de ingeniería de negocios así como la construcción e implementación de los sistemas TI correspondientes. La estructura del proyecto fue dividida en las siguientes etapas: realización del análisis estratégico de la empresa, luego se desarrolló la arquitectura de Macro procesos propios de Consorcio Seguro Generales, se diseñaron los procesos claves en BPMN, para finalmente diseñar e implementar los sistemas TI necesarios. Entre los procesos claves que fueron rediseñados destacan el cálculo de OYNR, en donde se automatiza el cálculo y se mejora considerablemente el poder de predicción del modelo, además de la segmentación y el pricing para la cartera de clientes, así como la creación de un modelo de clasificación de clientes. Varios resultados relevantes se obtuvieron producto del rediseño y de la implementación de la analítica, por un lado se obtuvo mejoras operacionales en el tiempo de proceso, reducción del orden del 75% y un nuevo modelo de predicción de OYNR con un 93% de efectividad, asimismo se descubrió que variables como la marca del vehículo, su antigüedad o si el seguro fue contratado por una empresa son mejores discriminadores que las variables utilizadas actualmente en la segmentación y pricing. Finalmente la evaluación económica entrega un VAN de 5300 UF con condiciones conservadoras y un horizonte de 3 años. Luego se discuten cuales son algunos de los mayores desafíos posteriores la implementación y las perspectivas para desarrollos futuros.

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MELLO, JOSÉ ROBERTO de. "Regulamentação do sistema elétrico do reator IEA-R1." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26928.

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O reator IEA-R1 do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPENCNEN/ SP) é um reator de pesquisa tipo piscina aberta, projetado e construído pela empresa norte-americana \"Babcock & Wilcox\", tendo, como refrigerante e moderador, água leve deionizada e berílio e grafite como refletores. Até cerca de 1988, os sistemas de segurança do reator recebiam alimentação de uma única fonte de energia. Nos anos de 1989 e 1990, uma reforma de modernização do sistema elétrico para aumentar a potência do reator e, também, para atender às normas técnicas da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) foi realizada. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar a relação entre o sistema de energia elétrica e a segurança do reator IEA-R1. Além disso, ele demonstra que, caso ocorra alguma interrupção de energia elétrica durante a operação do reator, esta ocorrência não irá começar um evento de acidente.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Caratozzolo, Vincenzo. "Development and validation of models for accident scenario following the spill of hazardous substances from pipelines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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The releases of hazardous substance from pressurised pipelines are of particular interest due to the different scenarios that may occur following the loss of containment. These may have different causes, as accidental release, corrosion, etc. In such cases the release of flammable substances can lead to different scenarios as Fires, Explosions and Environmental pollutions. The severity of such scenarios can increase due the "Domino Effect" that will affect also other equipment or near unit operations, potentially causing a cascading event. For these reasons an accurate methodology is necessary in order to estimate the consequences and the evaluation of the possible hazards coming from those scenarios. In this work a CFD software developed at the University College London (UCL) called PipeTech was used to predict the depressurization parameters (Temperature, Pressure, etc.) and the outflow following the rupture of a pipeline, as well as to assess the hazard coming from the Jet Fire and the Pool Fire. In particular, an initial validation, against some experimental data and another commercial software Phast (DNV GL), of the Jet Fire and Pool Fire models implemented in PipeTech was performed. Moreover, an evaluation of the effect of some main parameter (pressure, tilt angle and orifice diameter) were taken into account to evaluate how they affect the incident radiation coming from the Jet Fire. With the aim to upgrade the Pool Fire model implemented in PipeTech, a new model based on correlations found in literature is described, in which the flame is considered as to have two different emitting zones: a lower and luminous part and an upper partially obscured part due to the smoke envelope that emits with distinctive Surface Emissive Power, thus affecting in different way the incident radiation coming from a Pool Fire, Especially in the region very close to the flame. This upgrade was validated against Phast v8.2 and some experimental data present in literature.

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Wressle, Ewa. "Client participation in the rehabilitation process." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med722s.pdf.

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Asencios, Gutiérrez Irina Miluska. "Propuesta de mejora del SGSST a través del ciclo PHVA y la seguridad basada en el comportamiento en una empresa de alimentos para reducir accidentes de trabajo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622999.

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Basado en una empresa que se dedica de productos alimenticios y en los últimos seis años se ha incrementado los accidentes de trabajo, por lo cual el objetivo es analizar la problemática y tomar acciones para revertir la situación actual de la empresa. La empresa tuvo un incremento de descansos médicos, ausencias de personal por accidentes de trabajo, análisis cuantitativo de las causas de los accidentes, análisis ergonómico con los métodos OWAS, RULA, antropometría de las actividades críticas y el impacto económico de los accidentes. El uso de herramientas de Ingeniería Industrial más el modelo de gestión de seguridad basada en el comportamiento nos dará claridad de como gestionar el comportamiento de los trabajadores para prevenir accidentes de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta los principios de la Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo y la norma internacional OHSAS 18001 para asegurar la productividad y rentabilidad de la empresa
Based on a company to the elaboration of food product and in the six last years occupational accidents have increased, so the objective is to analyze their problems and take actions to reverse the situation of the company. In the analysis of the problem we found that the company had an increase in medical breaks, absences of personnel due to work accidents, ergonomic analysis with the OWAS, RULA methods, anthropometry of critical activities and the impact economic of accidents. The use of industrial engineering tools and the behavior based safety management model will give us clarity on how to manage the behavior of workers to prevent accidents at work, taking into account the principles of the Occupational Heath and Safety Law and the requirements of the international standard OHSAS 18001 to ensure the productivity and profitability of the company.

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Barrientos, López Esteban Tomás, and Tamayo Juan Ramón Luis Calderón. "El informe final de accidentes de aviación civil como medio de prueba." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/171115.

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Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
En este trabajo se analiza la incorporación probatoria del Informe Final de Investigación de Accidentes de Aviación Civil, emitido por la Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC), cuyo único objetivo, según el Anexo 13 del Convenio de Chicago, es el de establecer la causa del accidente para así efectuar recomendaciones de seguridad que permitan evitar la repetición del accidente y no el establecimiento de culpas o responsabilidades. La incorporación probatoria del Informe Final puede afectar dicho objetivo. Por ello, en esta tesis se analizan las relaciones entre la investigación técnica y los procesos judiciales, las limitaciones a la incorporación probatoria del informe y la naturaleza de éste como medio de prueba. En cuanto a sus relaciones, se evidencia que ambas comparten el objetivo de descubrimiento de la verdad del accidente, pero se diferencian en su regulación y contexto. En lo relacionado a su incorporación probatoria, el I.F es un medio de prueba ilegal e ilícito. En lo tocante a su naturaleza como medio de prueba, se consideran dos perspectivas. Como fuente de prueba no es un instrumento público, sino un documento oficial dotado de una presunción de autenticidad y veracidad. Como medio de prueba, es un testimonio experto documentado, por lo que, para proteger el derecho al contradictorio de las partes, no puede incorporarse como prueba documental, sino a lo más, como un testimonio documentado sometido a la validación de las partes con la aquiescencia del tribunal. 4 Al mismo tiempo, su valoración debe ser cuidadosa considerando que la DGAC es un ente parcial y que, por lo tanto, no es un auxiliar de la administración de justicia. También, debe considerarse que el I.F. es una prueba científica y debe evitarse su sobrevaloración. En sede civil, el I.F. es valorado como una presunción judicial

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Elrgaiye, Ali Saad Ab. "Semi-quantitative Risk Assessment of an anaerobic digestion process." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Biogas is the most emerging industrial sector for energy production from renewable sources at National and European levels, and growing government funds favor the development of its market. From a process safety standpoint, Seveso Directive (Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council), but Biogas plants are complicated enough to require both their specific technology and an accurate risk assessment for design purposes. The number of accidents involving biogas plants has been too many to be ignored. Biogas plants are often operated wrongly, deficient in technological details and incorrectly scaled-up. Moreover, all these mistakes are repeated over and over again. Therefore, there is the pressing need for an assessment of the reliability of these plants in order to operate them safely. For this reason, a quantitative risk assessment was carried out to on a biogas production plant. Starting from event trees conventional for process industry (EU- Project ARAMIS), to the critical events, and ending with selecting the specific reference accident scenarios.

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Herrera, Brown Arturo Alonso, and Cañote Diana Carolina Salas. "Análisis del proceso de decisión de compra de un corredor de seguros respecto al Seguro Complementario de Trabajo de Riesgo en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15465.

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La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar el proceso de decisión de compra que realiza un corredor de seguros del Seguro Complementario de Trabajo de Riesgo, más conocido por sus siglas como SCTR, en Lima Metropolitana aplicando el modelo propuesto por Kotler & Armstrong. Esta investigación nace a partir de la necesidad de ampliar los conocimientos dentro de la industria de servicios. Hoy en día contamos con diferentes estudios sobre el desenvolvimiento que caracteriza a la industria de servicios e incluso existen teorías enfocadas en diferenciar una industria de servicios con una de productos. Sin embargo, ¿Cómo se desenvuelve una industria de servicios que trabaja para otra industria de servicios? Esto en inglés se denomina “business to business” o comúnmente llamado “B2B”. En español se denominaría “de negocio a negocio”. Por un lado, se encuentran las compañías aseguradoras, dentro de las cuales existen 5 compañías que comercializan SCTR y son: Pacifico Seguros, Rímac Seguros, Mapfre, La Positiva y Sanitas & Protecta. Por otro lado, se encuentran los corredores de seguros, quienes suelen trabajar como personas naturales o como personas jurídicas, dentro de los cuales se han identificado a un total de 50 corredores que operan en Lima Metropolitana y los que más producción tienen. El rol que juega un corredor de seguros es muy importante, pues asesora la compra o contratación de un seguro al cliente, ganando así una comisión por ello. Los líderes de las industrias mencionadas afirman no contar con estudios especializados de estos sectores; por tanto, no cuentan con una información minuciosa para crear mejores estrategias de marketing. Existen muchas líneas de productos dentro del sector asegurador, sin embargo, el SCTR es peculiar, pues el estado norma su contratación y esto para proteger al empleado peruano que se enfrenta a labores, como el nombre del seguro lo nombra, de riesgo; es decir, que pone en peligro su vida. La presente investigación se realizará bajo lineamientos de estudios de Mercado, según Naresh Malhotra bajo la aplicación de herramientas de investigación cualitativas (entrevista a expertos y corredores) y herramientas cuantitativas (cuestionario). Esto con la finalidad de ofrecer una amplia visión del proceso de decisión de compra, por parte de un corredor de seguros, analizar y determinar el comportamiento en cada una de las fases. Las conclusiones de este estudio presentarán ideas sustanciales sobre el proceso de decisión de compra de los corredores de seguros, a partir de los datos obtenidos y analizados. Además, el estudio propone algunas recomendaciones para ser tomadas en cuenta por las aseguradoras y que además estén interesadas en poder implementarlas, según sea su conveniencia.
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Pitzen-Osswald, Heidi M. "Caregivers' lived experience of participating biweekly in a year-long interview process." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1147700780.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Medical University of Ohio, 2006.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing." Major advisor: Linda Pierce. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: vi, 63 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 51-56.

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Strömgren, Mattias. "Verktyg i lokalt säkerhetsarbete med särskilt fokus på olycksutredningar." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27100.

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Kommuner har en unik position i säkerhetsarbetet genom att vara nära både medborgarna och de olyckor och skador som drabbar befolkningen. Trots långtgående framsteg inom teknologi och ett etablerat välfärdssamhälle utgör personskador till följd av olyckor ett betydande folkhälsoproblem i Sverige liksom i övriga nordiska länder. De svenska kommunerna har ålagts ett vidsträckt ansvar och förväntas vidta åtgärder inom flera samhällsområden för att värna människornas trygghet och säkerhet. De senaste två decennierna har utvecklingen i allt högre grad inneburit olika former av systematiskt och tvärsektoriellt säkerhetsarbete i kommunerna. I detta arbete används olika verktyg och metoder som hjälpmedel och stöd. Vissa verktyg är obligatoriska att använda enligt lagstiftning medan andra är frivilliga. Denna uppsats syftar till att kartlägga kommunernas användning av några av dessa säkerhetsverktyg, samt att för ett av verktygen – olycksutredning – undersöka i vilken utsträckning några särskilda utredningsmetoder förmår stödja den samlade praktiska hantering som en olycksutredning innebär. Uppsatsen bygger på två delarbeten, varav det ena är publicerat i en internationell vetenskaplig tidskrift och det andra är inskickat för bedömning till en annan tidskrift. Artikel I bygger på en enkätstudie till 1283 tjänstemän i 73 kommuner. En fråga handlade om användningen av 16 olika säkerhetsverktyg. Denna fråga besvarades av 50 % av de tillfrågade personerna. Resultaten tyder på att verktygen skyddsrond, riskanalys och riskinventering hade utbredd användning i samtliga sektorer medan övriga verktyg användes begränsat inom vissa sektorer eller nästan inte alls. Artikel II studerar hur olika olycksutredningsmetoder stödjer den praktiska utredningsprocessen. Analysen grundas i en processmodell särskilt framtagen för utvärdering av metoderna. Slutsatserna stöds av data från 114 tester av sådana metoder i kursen Kvalificerad olycksutredningsmetodik vid Karlstads universitet. Över 170 kursdeltagare från olika branscher har medverkat i testerna, som en del i undervisningen. Resultaten visar att bland de bedömda metoderna så är det endast metoderna Avvikelseutredning och STEP som ger ett bra stöd i hela utredningsprocessen. Övriga metoder stödjer huvudsakligen endast själva analysdelen i en olycksutredning. De sammanfattande slutsatserna visar att kommunerna använder sig av verktyg i sitt säkerhetsarbete, men att endast ett fåtal av verktygen används brett i alla kommunsektorer. Bland de undersökta metoderna för verktyget olycksutredning konstateras att det finns stora skillnader i hur dessa stödjer utredningsprocessen. Flera metoder borde kanske snarare benämnas olycksanalysmetoder, istället för olycksutredningsmetoder, då de främst ger stöd för själva analysdelen i utredningsarbetet.
Municipalities have a unique position in safety work by being close to both the citizens and the accidents and injuries that affect the population. Despite far-reaching advances in technology and an established welfare state, injuries resulting from accidents constitute a significant public health problem in Sweden as well as in other Nordic countries. Swedish municipalities are subjected to wide-ranging responsibilities and are expected to take action in a number of societal areas to safeguard people's safety and security. The last two decades are increasingly characterized by systematic and cross-sectorial safety work of various forms in municipalities. In this endeavor a variety of tools and methods intended to aid and support safety work have been introduced. Some tools are required by law while others are optional. This thesis aims to identify to what extent local authorities utilize a number of these safety tools, and secondly to examine whether a set of particular methods aimed to guide one of the tools – accident investigation – are actually supportive to the entire practical investigative process. The thesis is based on two papers, the first of which has been published in an international scientific journal, and the second has been submitted to another journal. Article I is based on a survey targeting 1283 officials in 73 municipalities. One question was about the use of 16 different safety tools. This question was answered by 50 % of the officials. The results show that safety round, risk analysis and risk inventory were reported to be used frequently in all sectors while other tools were used only in certain sectors or virtually not at all. Article II analyzes how different accident investigation methods support the practical investigative process. The evaluation is based on a process model intended to illustrate this process. The analysis comprises data from 114 tests of nine selected methods taught in a recurrent course entitled Advanced Accident Investigation Methodology at Karlstad University. More than 170 participants representing various industries and sectors were involved in the tests. The results show that among the nine assessed methods, only Deviation Analysis and STEP gives good support throughout the entire investigative process. Other methods provide support primarily during the analysis phase of an accident investigation. In summary, our findings show that local authorities make use of safety tools, but only a few of the tools are broadly used across all municipal sectors. Regarding the assessed methods of the tool accident investigation it can be concluded that there are major differences in their way to support throughout the investigative process. It is suggested that several methods should rather be described as accident analysis methods instead of accident investigation methods since they provide support mainly for the analysis step.

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Lijarza, Diaz Indira. "Propuesta de mejora en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo para reducir accidentes e incidentes mediante la estandarización de procesos y la seguridad basada en el comportamiento en una empresa minera." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625491.

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La minería en el Perú representa uno de los sectores económicos que aporta mayor ingreso al PBI nacional. Asimismo, brinda desarrollo cultural y económico en las zonas donde se ejecuta. Sin embargo, afronta problemas como el incremento de accidentes e incidentes, los cuales no permiten que su producción se desarrolle de manera normal. Asimismo, esta actividad es considerada con de alto riesgo por la naturaleza de su ejecución. Se tomó como caso de estudio la unidad minera en el departamento de Ayacucho, la cual presenta como problema un incremento en los accidentes e incidentes en el año 2017. Esto es debido a que no existe una estandarización de sus procesos y no se imparte una cultura de comportamiento seguro antes, durante y después de las actividades. Es por ello que se propone en el presente trabajo de investigación la utilización de herramientas y metodologías de Ingeniería Industrial como son la estandarización de procesos, diseño de puestos, 5S y la seguridad basada en el comportamiento.
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Vannini, Alessandro. "Human Reliability Analysis for Dynamic Risk Assessment: a case of ammonia production plant." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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I fattori umani e organizzativi svolgono un ruolo chiave nella prevenzione e mitigazione di incidenti rilevanti. La Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA), considera come cause di incidente solamente i fattori tecnici. Dunque è possibile integrare questa analisi con tecniche per Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), ma la loro applicazione è ancora limitata al settore nucleare. Inoltre, la staticità della QRA ha costruito le basi per la valutazione dinamica del rischio. Nel presente lavoro, è stato considerato un generico impianto di produzione di ammoniaca, per il quale è stato creato un database di incidenti e near misses che ha mostrato come i fattori umani rappresentano la seconda causa di incidenti. Successivamente è stato considerato come caso di studio rappresentativo la rottura catastrofica di un serbatoio di stoccaggio di ammoniaca avvenuta in Lituania nel 1989, al quale è stata eseguita una bow-tie analysis per identificare le cause della rottura e le barriere di sicurezza coinvolte. In seguito, tre metodi per l’analisi dei fattori umani e organizzativi sono stati applicati al caso di studio. Il metodo REWI (Early Warning Indicator), basato sul concetto di resilienza, stabilisce una serie di indicatori il cui monitoraggio periodico può contribuire alla gestione del rischio in maniera proattiva. Il metodo Petro-HRA è una tecnica innovativa per la Human Reliability Analysis sviluppata per l’industria petrolchimica. Essa fornisce un metodo sistematico per valutare i fattori umani e organizzativi attraverso una procedura dettagliata. Infine il metodo TECnical Operational and Organizational factors (TEC2O) per la valutazione dinamica del rischio. Questo metodo considera fattori tecnici, umani e organizzativi, combinando i vantaggi dei metodi HRA con le caratteristiche dinamiche e di resilienza della metodologia REWI. Il suo risultato mostra una valutazione del rischio più completa e realistica e consente di identificare le caratteristiche di ciascun metodo trattato.

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Gutiérrez, Sampén María Elizabeth, and Santamaría Yuri Indira Gandhi Yahibel Martínez. "Evaluación de los procesos operativos en el Área de Siniestros y su impacto en la liquidez para diseñar controles internos en la asociación Afocat – período 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/1965.

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La Aseguradora AFOCAT atraviesa una problemática respecto a la evaluación de los procesos operativos en el área de siniestros y su impacto en la liquidez, para lo cual se pretende diseñar controles internos que logren detectar los posibles riesgos en cuanto al nivel de siniestralidad y los pagos concernientes de las indemnizaciones a los beneficiarios que han sufrido accidentes de tránsito. Por tal razón, se planteó como objetivo diseñar controles internos que permitan evaluar los procesos operativos en el área de siniestros; mediante el cual se logre identificar los riesgos potenciales en la Asociación AFOCAT durante el periodo 2017. En este caso, se desarrolló un estudio de tipo aplicada – no experimental, considerando un diseño descriptivo en la cual se determina que un proceso operativo claro y bien definido es importante para identificar las deficiencias de algunos de los procesos de control en la asociación que pueden ser mejorados con el fin de que las mejoras puedan incidir de manera positiva en la liquidez de la asociación y evitar de esta manera retrasos en los pagos de los siniestros ocurridos con los afiliados de AFOCAT de la ciudad e Chiclayo. A través de los resultados se ha determinado que AFOCAT para el año 2015 tuvo pagos pendientes de siniestros; cedió en el año 2016; de igual manera sucedió en el año 2017 donde se tuvo pagos pendientes. Se concluye que la liquidez de la Asociación AFOCAT, muestra los siguientes resultados: la razón ácida muestra una medida más exigente que tiene la AFOCAT de su capacidad de pago para afrontar sus obligaciones de corto plazo, por otra parte, el ratio de capital de trabajo muestra la falta de capacidad económica que tiene la AFOCAT para operar en el día a día. Por lo tanto, se evidencia las dificultades que tiene la asociación en cuanto a la liquidez de la misma.
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47

Asencios, Cadillo Giancarlo. "Propuesta de implementación de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional aplicado a empresa contratista LM SAC del sector metal mecánica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625163.

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El tema de este proyecto profesional se encuentra en la implementación de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional basada en OHSAS 18001, aplicado a la empresa contratista LM SAC del sector metal mecánica en el Perú. El documento contiene cuatro capítulos. El primero, muestra el marco teórico con el que se respalda todo el estudio realizado. Incluye la normativa nacional e internacional que cubren las principales leyes y directrices internacionales, El segundo, describe la situación actual de la empresa LM SAC, mostrando los registros de incidentes y accidentes de los 2 últimos años. La finalidad del proyecto sobre la implementación d’un sistema de seguridad es reducir los incidentes y accidentes laborales para asegurar la integridad física de los trabajadores. El tercero, desarrolla la implementación del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional basada en tres referencias; la norma OHSAS 18001-2007, seguridad basada en el comportamiento y la Ley 29783. Reglamento de la Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Además, realiza la evaluación económica del proyecto. El cuarto capítulo finaliza la presente investigación con las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
The topic of this professional project is in the implementation of an occupational health and safety management system based on OHSAS 180001, applied to the contractor LM SAC of the metal mechanic sector in Peru. The document contains four chapters. The first one shows the theoretical framework with which the whole study is supported. Includes national and international regulations covering the main international laws and guidelines. The second, describes the current situation of the company LM SAC, showing the records of incidents and accidents of the last 2 years. The purpose of the project on the implementation of a security system is to reduce incidents and accidents in order to ensure the physical integrity of workers. The third, develops the implementation of the occupational health and safety management system based on three references : OHSAS 18001-2007, behavior-based safety and law 29783. Regulation of the safety and health at work act. It also carries out the economic evaluation of the project. The fourth chapter concludes this research with the conclusions and recommendations.
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Lautenschlaeger, Graziele. "Arte programmata: entre acidente e controle." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-05012011-142656/.

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Os processos de produção de arte eletrônica contemporânea (pós-anos 1990) são discutidos sob a ótica da cibernética de segunda ordem, cujos princípios consideram o observador durante a observação dos sistemas, analisando como circular a relação entre observador e observado. A metodologia empregada baseia-se na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, cujo argumento emerge do entrecruzamento do arcabouço teórico sobre o assunto com as informações coletadas através de observações, conversas e entrevistas. A análise se desenvolve em três capítulos, todos atravessados pela exploração das relações entre acidente e controle no campo da arte eletrônica. No primeiro capítulo levamos em consideração os aspectos conceituais e estruturais da produção artística em questão. No segundo, exploramos as relações que se tecem entre agentes criativos durante o processo, observando tal produção enquanto sistema social pautado em conversações. No terceiro, vislumbramos a experiência criativa coletiva enquanto possibilidade de construção de espaços de conhecimento, e arriscamos uma auto-crítica sobre o que apreendemos sobre o processo de produção da arte eletrônica. Nossas considerações finais trazem nossa apreensão para as relações entre a arte eletrônica e a arquitetura, apontado para o caráter utópico de nossos argumentos.
The production processes on contemporary media art (post-1990\'s) are discussed through the second order cybernetics perspective, whose principles study the observer and observed as a circular motion. The research methodology is based on the Grounded Theory. The argument emerges by blending together the theoretical framework on the subject with the information collected through observations, conversations and interviews. The analysis is developed in three chapters, all interrelated exploring the relationships between accident and control in the media art field. In the first chapter the conceptual structure of this artistic production is analyzed. In the second chapter, we explore the relationships that emerge between creative agents during the process, observing such production as a social system being ruled by conversation. In the third chapter, picturing the collective creative experience as means to the construction of knowledge spaces, we apply to the architectural field what we learned about the production process of media art. Our final conclusions bring our perception to the relations between media art and architecture leading to the utopian character of our arguments.

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Villena, Huerta Gabriela Cristina. "Rediseño e implementación del sistema de gestión de seguridad en los laboratorios de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624997.

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Los accidentes e incidentes ocurridos en industrias en los últimos años han generado miedo e inseguridad en los trabajadores para elaborar correctamente sus funciones. Los trabajadores no tienen el conocimiento ni la capacidad suficiente para evitar los riesgos que pudieran presentarse ante cualquier zona de trabajo. Si bien se establecen controles para minimizar el riesgo de ocurrencia de un accidente, esta probabilidad jamás podrá llegar a 0. Todo control tiene un margen de error, y viendo desde el punto de seguridad, un margen de error podría ocasionar grandes pérdidas para la empresa, tanto en costos, imagen y en personal. Hoy en día, cualquier tipo de accidente o incidente genera una lesión o inconformidad por parte del trabajador., por ello, que la seguridad del trabajador debe ser una las prioridades de una empresa como parte de su sistema de gestión. La tesis a presentar “Rediseño e implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad en los laboratorios de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas” muestra la creación de una propuesta, en base a la Ley N°29783, Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, y la Norma OHSAS 18001, la cual es el rediseño de un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad para los laboratorios de Álamos y Villa de la UPC; de manera que se manejen todos los procedimientos necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento del sistema. De esta manera, se reducirá la probabilidad de que un peligro y/o riesgo encontrados en los laboratorios se vuelvan una consecuencia y tratar de evitar que cualquier error humano conlleve a un accidente. Industry accidents and incidents occurred in recent year had generated fear and insecurity in workers for they to develop their functions properly. Workers do not have the knowledge and neither the capacity to prevent risks that can appear in any work area. While controls are set to minimize the risk of occurrence of an accident, it will likely never reach 0%. Every control has a margin of error, and if we think of safety, this minimum margin of error could cause big losses for the company in costs and reputation. Today, any accident or incident generates an injury or discomfort in workers. It is therefore that the workers safety must be a priority as part of the management system of the organization. The thesis to present "Redesign of Safety Management System in Manufacturing Processes and Materials Technology Industrial Engineering workshops " shows a proposal, based on Law No. 29783, Law on Safety and Health at Work and OHSAS 18001, which is the redesign of a Safety Management System for workshops in Alamos and Villa of the UPC, to manage all the procedures in a proper way and to ensure the functioning of the system. Thus, the probability that a hazard or risk founded in the workshops will be reduced and any human error that may lead to an accident will be prevented.
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Berna, Escriche César. "Estimation of the radioactive aerosols capture in accidental sequences of nuclear power plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90495.

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The turbulent submerged jets can be found fairly frequently in a great variety of processes, their study is essential in many industrial processes and engineering applications, such as in underwater propulsion, in metallurgical processes, in chemical processes or in the nuclear industry, among others. Within the nuclear world the submerged jets can occur in light water reactors (LWR), in both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWR). These submerged jets are usually associated with complex multiphase flows, so that all processes occurring after such injection will be essentially unstable and turbulent. A hypothetical severe accident in a reactor can cause deterioration of the core, so that the fission products can escape from the core and be transported through the primary system and, finally, can be released to the surrounding environment. But if there is a volume of water in the escape pathway of aerosols, a discharge in the shape of submerged jet can occur, whether in a suppression pool (during an accident with loss of power, SBO, in a water reactor boiling BWR) or in the secondary of a steam generator (in an accidental breakage sequence tube / s in U in a steam generator, SGTR, in a pressurized water reactor, PWR). So that there is a capture of aerosols in those volumes, being reduced the amount of them that escape outside. Usually these sequences have been considered only for BWRs and for low discharge velocities, but these may also take place at higher velocities and, as mentioned previously, in PWRs. Throughout this thesis there is a contribution to a better understanding and quantification of natural mitigation processes that occur when a jet is discharged into a volume of water, so that it can be applied to discharges in suppression pools in a SBO sequence (BWRs), and inside of a steam generator during a SGTR event (PWRs). Being the central activity the expansion of SPARC90 code capabilities, so as to be able to quantify the aerosol capture that occurs when the discharge takes place at high velocity (originally the code only was developed to study discharges under globular regime, i.e., injection at low velocity). So the process followed to carry out this work can be divided into several stages. The first one focuses on the literature search for available information, in a specific way on submerged jets and, given the scarce specific information, this has been extended to the literature search of processes with phenomenologies that present analogies with submerged jets. Within this part, it has on the one hand, finding aspects of jet hydrodynamics and on the other, those related to aerosol capture processes. In a second stage, there are aspects of the implementation into the new code subroutines of the expressions found and / or developed in the previous stage. While for the third stage, remains the assessment of the capabilities and behavior of the new models implemented in the code. For this last stage, first, it has been proceeded to conduct a verification process which has been tested the code robustness. And secondly, it has been proceeded to perform a validation process, which has been carried out through the comparison of the results predicted by the code against the limited experimental data that are available under similar conditions to those of the model. Being the comparison against the experimental data satisfactory, showing a marked improvement in the code capabilities.
Los chorros sumergidos turbulentos se pueden encontrar con bastante asiduidad en muy diversos procesos, siendo esencial su estudio en gran cantidad de procesos industriales y aplicaciones ingenieriles, como por ejemplo, en la propulsión submarina, en procesos metalúrgicos, en procesos químicos o en la industria nuclear, entre otros. Dentro del mundo nuclear los chorros sumergidos pueden presentarse en los reactores de agua ligera (LWR), tanto en reactores de agua a presión (PWR), como en reactores de agua en ebullición (BWR). Estos chorros sumergidos llevan asociados complejos flujos multifásicos, de forma que los procesos que tienen lugar tras dicha inyección serán esencialmente inestables y turbulentos. Un hipotético accidente grave en un reactor puede causar el deterioro del núcleo, de forma que los productos de fisión pueden escapar del núcleo y ser transportados a través del sistema primario y, finalmente, pueden ser liberados al medio ambiente circundante. Pero si existe un volumen de agua en la vía de escape de los aerosoles puede tener lugar la descarga en forma de chorro sumergido, ya sea una piscina de supresión (durante un accidente con pérdida del suministro eléctrico, SBO, en un reactor BWR) o el secundario de un generador de vapor (en una secuencia accidental con rotura de tubo/s en U en un generador de vapor, SGTR, en un reactor PWR). De forma que se tiene una captura de los aerosoles en dichos volúmenes, viéndose reducida la cantidad que escapan al exterior. Habitualmente estas secuencias se han considerado solamente para reactores BWR y para descargas a bajas velocidades, pero estas podrían tener lugar también a velocidades mayores y, como se ha dicho con anterioridad, en reactores PWR. A lo largo de esta tesis se ha contribuido a una mejor compresión y cuantificación de los procesos naturales de mitigación que se producen cuando se descarga un chorro en un volumen de agua, de forma que puede ser aplicado para descargas en piscinas de supresión en una secuencia SBO (reactores del tipo BWR), como en el interior de un generador de vapor durante una secuencia SGTR (reactores del tipo PWR). Siendo la actividad central la ampliación de las capacidades del código SPARC90, de forma que sea capaz de cuantificar la captura de aerosoles que tiene lugar cuando la descarga se produce a alta velocidad (originalmente el código solamente fue desarrollado para el estudio de descarga en régimen globular, es decir, inyección a baja velocidad). De modo que el proceso seguido para llevar a cabo el presente trabajo se puede dividir en varias etapas. La primera se centra en la búsqueda bibliográfica de la información disponible, de una forma específica relativa a chorros sumergidos y, dada la escasa información específica existente, esta se ha extendido a la búsqueda bibliográfica de procesos con fenomenologías que presentan analogías con los chorros sumergidos. Dentro de esta parte, se tiene por un lado, la búsqueda de los aspectos relativos a la hidrodinámica del chorro y, por otro, los relativos a los procesos de captura de aerosoles. En una segunda etapa se tienen los aspectos relativos a la implementación dentro de las nuevas subrutinas del código de las expresiones halladas y/o desarrolladas en la anterior etapa. Mientras que para la tercera etapa resta la evaluación de las capacidades y el comportamiento de los nuevos modelos implementados en el código. Para esta última etapa, en primer lugar, se ha procedido a llevar a cabo un proceso de verificación con el que se ha comprobado la robustez del código. Y en segundo lugar, se ha procedido a realizar un proceso de validación, el cual ha sido llevado a cabo a través de la confrontación de los resultados predichos por el código frente a los limitados datos experimentales disponibles en condiciones similares a las introducidas en el modelo. Siendo la comparación frente a los datos experimentales satisfactoria, mostrando una me
Els dolls submergits turbulents es poden trobar amb prou assiduïtat en molt diversos processos, sent essencial el seu estudi en gran quantitat de processos industrials i aplicacions enginyerils, com per exemple, en la propulsió submarina, en processos metal·lúrgics, en processos químics o en la indústria nuclear, entre altres. Dins del món nuclear els dolls submergits poden presentar-se en els reactors d'aigua lleugera (LWR), tant en reactors d'aigua a pressió (PWR), com en reactors d'aigua en ebullició (BWR). Estos dolls submergits solen portar associats complexos fluxos multifàsics, de manera que els processos que tenen lloc després de la dita injecció seran essencialment inestables i turbulents. Un hipotètic accident greu en un reactor pot causar el deteriorament del nucli, de manera que els productes de fissió poden escapar del nucli i ser transportats a través del sistema primari i, finalment, poden ser alliberats al medi ambient circumdant. Però si existeix un volum d'aigua en la via de fuita dels aerosols pot tenir lloc la descàrrega en forma de doll submergit, ja siga una piscina de supressió (durant un accident amb perduda del subministrament elèctric, SBO, en un reactor d'aigua en ebullició, BWR) o el secundari d'un generador de vapor (en una seqüència accidental amb trencament de tub/s en U en un generador de vapor, SGTR, en un reactor d'aigua a pressió, PWR). De manera que es té una captura dels aerosols en els anteriorment dits volums, veient-se reduïda la quantitat d'ells que escapen a l'exterior. Habitualment aquestes seqüències s'han considerat solament per a reactors BWR i per a baixes velocitats de descàrrega, però aquestes podrien tenir lloc també a velocitats majors i, com s'ha dit amb anterioritat, en reactors PWR. Al llarg d'aquesta tesi s'ha contribuït a una millor compressió i quantificació dels processos naturals de mitigació que es produeixen quan es descarrega un doll en un volum d'aigua, de manera que pot ser aplicat per a descàrregues en piscines de supressió en una seqüència SBO (reactors del tipus BWR), com a l'interior d'un generador de vapor durant una seqüència SGTR (reactors del tipus PWR). Sent l'activitat central l'ampliació de les capacitats del codi SPARC90, de manera que siga capaç de quantificar la captura d'aerosols que té lloc quan la descàrrega es produeix a alta velocitat (originalment el codi solament va ser desenvolupat per a l'estudi de descàrrega en règim globular, és a dir, injecció a baixa velocitat). De manera que el procés seguit per dur a terme el present treball es pot dividir en diverses etapes. La primera d'elles se centra en la cerca bibliogràfica de la informació disponible, d'una forma específica relativa a dolls submergits i, donada l'escassa informació específica existent, esta s'ha estés a la cerca bibliogràfica de processos amb fenomenologies que presenten analogies amb els dolls submergits. Dins d'aquesta part, es té d'una banda, la cerca dels aspectes relatius a la hidrodinàmica del doll i, per un altre, els relatius als processos de captura d'aerosols. En una segona etapa es tenen els aspectes relatius a la implementació dins de les noves subrutines del codi de les expressions trobades i/o desenvolupades en l'anterior etapa. Mentre que per a la tercera etapa resta l'avaluació de les capacitats i el comportament dels nous models implementats en el codi. Per a aquesta última etapa, en primer lloc, s'ha procedit a dur a terme un procés de verificació amb el qual s'ha comprovat la robustesa del codi. I en segon lloc, s'ha procedit a realitzar un procés de validació, el qual ha estat dut a terme a través de la confrontació dels resultats predits pel codi enfront de les limitades dades experimentals disponibles en condicions similars a les introduïdes en el model. Sent la comparació enfront de les dades experimentals satisfactòria, mostrant una millora ostensible en les capacitats del codi.
Berna Escriche, C. (2017). Estimation of the radioactive aerosols capture in accidental sequences of nuclear power plants [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90495
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