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Journal articles on the topic 'Accidents process'
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1
Yuan, Chang Feng, Hao Wang, and Yan Chen. "The Hierarchical Risk Source Identification Method Connected with Event Causal Chain in the Emergency Process of Fire Accident of Petroleum Storage and Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2411.
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The fire accident of petroleum storage and transportation has the characteristics of difficult disposal, wide range of influence, and a long-term hazard. Many derivative accidents or secondary accidents caused in the emergency process show that there are some potential risk sources in the process of accident emergency disposal. Effectively identifying these potential risk sources is the key for the active protective design in advance, and it is a minimum cost mean to prevent and reduce accident harm. In the paper, from the perspective of analyzing the nature of accident’s development and evolution process, the causal relationship between events is studied based on the accident-causing theory. The event causal chain is built in according with the order of event occurrence. The risk sources of accident are mined and identify from the node of event chain, and the hierarchical identification method oriented accident’s risk sources is established. For accident’s risk sources, the possible design measures in advance can be given from the perspective of principle design, structural design and control design. For design measure’s risk sources in emergency process can be mined by using man-human engineering method, and the graded risk sources identification method oriented secondary accidents is established. Combining the two methods, the hierarchical risk source identification method connected with event causal chain is put forward so as to effectively identify these potential risk sources in emergency process. Finally, oil pipeline explosion accident of dalian’s xinggang harbor on July 16, 2010 is taken as a case to verify the feasibility of proposed method.
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Grabski, Franciszek. "Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process and Compound Poisson Process in the Modelling of Random Processes Related to Road Accidents." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0005.
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Abstract The stochastic processes theory provides concepts and theorems that allow building probabilistic models concerning accidents. So called counting process can be applied for modelling the number of the road, sea and railway accidents in the given time intervals. A crucial role in construction of the models plays a Poisson process and its generalizations. The new theoretical results regarding compound Poisson process are presented in the paper. A nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the corresponding nonhomogeneous compound Poisson process are applied for modelling the road accidents number and number of injured and killed people in the Polish road. To estimate model parameters were used data coming from the annual reports of the Polish police [9, 10]. Constructed models allowed anticipating number of accidents at any time interval with a length of h and the accident consequences. We obtained the expected value of fatalities or injured and the corresponding standard deviation in the given time interval. The statistical distribution of fatalities number in a single accident and statistical distribution of injured people number and also probability distribution of fatalities or injured number in a single accident are computed. It seems that the presented examples explain basic concepts and results discussed in the paper.
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Abdul Aziz, Hanida, and Azmi Mohd Shariff. "A Journey of Process Safety Management Program for Process Industry." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.8.2017.1.10.1085.
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The growth of process industries and global economies are dependent on technology advances and innovations. However, the effects of these advancements often lead to more complex processes and comparatively severe operating conditions such as high pressure, temperature and reactive chemical with exotic chemistry. With the rapidly increasing scale and complexity of the process, it is becoming harder to control accidents in process plants. In most of the past situations, it appears that accidents could not be controlled solely by engineering practices and traditional occupational safety but should be immersed with safety management programs specifically Process Safety Management (PSM) to enhance the effectiveness of technical solutions. This paper addressed PSM program as stipulated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119. The PSM standard was implemented following a number of disasters, including accidents in Bhopal, India (1984) and Pasadena, Texas (1989). In Malaysia, Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) 1996 Regulation which has the requirements attribute to PSM standard also discussed.
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Zhang, Zhenhao, Wenbiao Li, and Jianyu Yang. "ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC PROCESS TO MODEL SAFETY RISK IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 27, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14108.
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There are many factors leading to construction safety accident. The rule presented under the influence of these factors should be a statistical random rule. To reveal those random rules and study the probability prediction method of construction safety accident, according to stochastic process theory, general stochastic process, Markov process and normal process are respectively used to simulate the risk-accident process in this paper. First, in the general-random-process-based analysis the probability of accidents in a period of time is calculated. Then, the Markov property of the construction safety risk evolution process is illustrated, and the analytical expression of probability density function of first-passage time of Markov-based risk-accident process is derived to calculate the construction safety probability. In the normal-process-based analysis, the construction safety probability formulas in cases of stationary normal risk process and non-stationary normal risk process with zero mean value are derived respectively. Finally, the number of accidents that may occur on construction site in a period is studied macroscopically based on Poisson process, and the probability distribution of time interval between adjacent accidents and the time of the nth accident are calculated respectively. The results provide useful reference for the prediction and management of construction accidents.
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Hussin, N. E., Anwar Johari, Kamarizan Kidam, and Haslenda Hashim. "Major Hazards of Process Equipment Failures in the Chemical Process Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.75.
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Process equipment failures play significant roles in most accidents that occur and recur in the chemical process industry resulting in fire, explosion, and toxic release. In this study, 50 equipment-related accident investigation reports were used to analyze type and severity of incidents. The comprehensive accident report data were retrieved from U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident databases with a mean year of 2005. Among the identified process equipment failures were piping systems (32%), storage tanks (20%), process vessels (16%), separation equipment (10%), reactors (8%), heat transfer equipment (8%), and others (6%). The analysis shows that 32% of the cases led to fire and explosion, followed by toxic release (26%), and explosion (22%) incidents. A total of 126 fatalities, 590 injuries, 260 exposures, four shelter-in-place, and 13 evacuations were reported. In most accident cases, fire, explosion, and/or toxic release incidents occur simultaneously. The synergy between major hazards results in catastrophic accidents with severe consequences in numbers of fatalities, injuries, exposures, shelter-in-place, and evacuations. To minimize the losses, plant and equipment should be designed and prepared for the worst-case scenario, not just adapting to any ‘applicable’ standards or guidance.
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Zhang, Xian Tang, Xiao Long Li, Hong Li Wang, and Hong Min Zhou. "Based on Numerical Simulation to Investigate the Process of Gas Explosion Accident in Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.936.
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The gas is one of the most important factors which endanger the security of the mining production. Most of serious accidents are the gas explosion accidents in coal mine. By investigating the damage situations of the gas explosion accidents and the related material, finding out why these incidents happen is an important way to prevent or reduce the gas explosion accidents. Based on the occurred gas explosion accidents, the author use the FLUENT software to simulate the process of gas explosion and get the variation law of various air current parameters is obtained in gas explosion. The explosion causes and development course are discussed. Compared with the explosion parameters collected on scene of accident, it provides comprehensive scientific basis for the accident investigation. The conclusion is helpful to adopt suitable measures to prevent the gas explosion.
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Zhong, Xing Run. "Construction Safety Accident Prevention Research Based on 3E Principle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2867.
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Safety accidents occurred frequently in construction process. In order to prevent similar accidents from happening again, It is needed to conduct in-depth analysis of its reasons urgently. Accident prevention is a prior work, the relevance and effectiveness are also important. This paper analyzed the typical construction safety accidents in 2012 from the aspect of engineering, technology and education, combined the principle of accident prevention theory. This paper pointed out that to propose 3E construction safety accident prevention countermeasures from the accident prevention 3E principle can be effective in preventing the construction safety accidents.
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Strzelecka, Agnieszka, Marzena Pytel-Kopczyńska, and Milan Droppa. "Accident at Work as an Indicator Supporting the Decision Making Process." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0011.
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AbstractIdentification of trends of the examined phenomenon plays a major role in taking decisions and allows conducting a deeper analysis of phenomena connected with the shaping of proper working conditions. One of the result indicators in the OSH system is the accident rate, whose existence is the result of a combination of various events. Seeking tangible economic benefits, decision makers in business entities who wish to improve activities protecting health and life of employees, pay great attention to using quantitative methods and drawing conclusions from them. This is conditioned by the fact that the analysis of the economic aspects of accidents is connected to a large extent with the cost of benefits the employer incurs for the benefit of accident victims. Therefore, the main goal of the article is to examine what impact on the cost of benefits due to accidents at work is exerted by such factors as: the number of related benefits, persons injured in accidents at work depending on the consequences and the number of days of inability to work caused by these accidents. Furthermore, this paper shows changes in costs of accident benefits of persons receiving those benefits due to inability to work caused by accident in business. In order to achieve this, it is proposed to present an econometric analysis based on the cross-section-time data with the dynamics of considered variables in voivodeships in Poland being examined. The study uses the annual data for the years 2010-2017. The data come from the CSO publications.
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Xu, Hai Hua, and Guang Fu Li. "Research on the Methods of Accident Vehicle Safety Performance Technological Identification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.310.
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With the rapid development of the automobile industry and transport, the increasing traffic accidents have become the serious problems for the traffic management. The important issue that we how to deal with the traffic accidents scientifically and make an accurate identification about the traffic accidents is badly in need of solving. Based on the current situation and research methods of traffic accidents at home and abroad, this paper illustrates the research on accident vehicle safety performance technology identification from one of factors causing traffic accidents-vehicles, which makes the identification for the accident vehicles about the operation process. The selection and process of identification items and information record will be strictly controlled to make the work quality and efficiency improve greatly.
10
Yang, Zi Sheng, Jun Xia Liu, and Yi Ren Wang. "Weight Analysis of Accident Factors in Deep Foundation Excavation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.529.
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For the past few years, great development has been achieved in deep foundation excavation. However, due to foundation excavation’s locality, individual diversity, complexity and uncertainty, the probability of accidents in foundation pit engineering tends to be greater than that in main works, and the accident rate may even reach about 20%, which makes the study on factors leading to foundation excavation accidents quite necessary and meaningful. By use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this paper has figured out the ratio (weight) of the investigation, design, construction and other factors leading to foundation excavation accidents to the whole factor set, which is of great guiding significance to the study on prevention and treatment of foundation excavation accidents in future.
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Ernits, Erik, Dago Antov, and Anton Kott. "ASSESSMENT OF THE PRECISION OF DATA COLLECTED ABOUT THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS WITH PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY IN CLAIM HANDLING PROCESS BY INSURANCE COMPANIES." Transport 32, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.914571.
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The number of serious road traffic accidents is decreasing in all European countries. Based on the trends and directions in the past it may be predicted that in longer perspective the number of serious road traffic accidents will decrease remarkably. This will create a situation where it is more and more difficult to ensure the reliability of traffic safety analyses performed by statistical methods. There are two possibilities to decrease the problem: either to carry out in-depth investigations of serious road traffic accidents and/or investigate also Property Damage Only (PDO) traffic accidents and traffic conflicts in addition to serious traffic accidents. The key issue in using the PDO accident data is its precision. The present paper is attempting to enlighten the area, and assess the quality of data of PDO road traffic accidents collected by insurance providers by example of Estonia. The survey results show that in spite of certain shortcomings, the PDO road traffic accident data collected by insurance provider is valuable to be used in traffic safety analyses.
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Guo, Shengyu, Jiali He, Jichao Li, and Bing Tang. "Exploring the Impact of Unsafe Behaviors on Building Construction Accidents Using a Bayesian Network." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010221.
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Unsafe behavior is a critical factor leading to construction accidents. Despite numerous studies supporting this viewpoint, the process by which accidents are influenced by construction workers’ unsafe behaviors and the extent to which unsafe behaviors are involved in this process remain poorly discussed. Therefore, this paper selects cases from Chinese building construction accidents to explore the probabilistic transmission paths from unsafe behaviors to accidents using a Bayesian network. First, a list of unsafe behaviors is constructed based on safety standards and operating procedures. Second, several chains of unsafe behaviors are extracted from 287 accident cases within four types (fall, collapse, struck-by and lifting) to form a Bayesian network model. Finally, two accidents are specifically analyzed to verify the rationality of the proposed model through forward reasoning. Additionally, critical groups of unsafe behaviors leading to the four types of accidents are identified through backward reasoning. The results show the following: (i) The time sequence of unsafe behaviors in a chain does not affect the final posterior probability of an accident, but the accident attribute strength of an unsafe behavior, affects the growth rate of the posterior probability of an accident. (ii) The four critical groups of unsafe behaviors leading to fall, collapse, struck-by, and lifting are identified. This study is of theoretical and practical significance for on-site behavioral management and accident prevention.
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Atamanenko, Yuliya. "PROCESSING OF AEROPICTURES AT THE PLACE OF AN ACCIDENT ON THE WEB-PORTAL «INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL CENTRE OF MONITORING OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS»." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-189-195.
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The article presents theoretical substantiation of the methodological basis for use of aeropictures of unmanned aerial vehicles of the "micro" class, namely DJI Phantom 3 Professional and GIS-technologies during the mapping of the site of an accident. A structural and functional model of the web portal "Information and Analytical Centre for Monitoring of Road Traffic Accidents" has been developed and implemented, which allows to fully use aerial photographs of unmanned aerial vehicles to increase the efficiency of road accident mapping technology. A step-by-step technological scheme for processing aerial photographs of the scene of accidents on the web portal "Information and Analytical Centre for Monitoring of Road Traffic Accidents" is proposed. It should be noted that the structure of the web portal "Information and Analytical Centre for Monitoring of Road Traffic Accidents" includes the subsection "Registration of a traffic accident report" and the subsection "Add a participant of an accident", which ensures the registration of personal materials of the participants of a road traffic accident. Thus, the result of registration of an accident on the web portal is the documentation of the registered accident in the form of a generated report, which includes personal materials of the participants of an accident and orthophotos of the scene of an accident. Thus, it is definite that the developed geo-information support of the web portal "Information and Analytical Centre for Monitoring of Road Traffic Accidents" is intended for collection, registration, mapping, formation and issuance of relevant documentation of an accident. The application of this innovative solution to the process of registration and mapping of road traffic accidents allows to solve a number of issues related to the process of registration and mapping of road accidents, namely: the issue of traffic jams will be resolved; the process of registration of road accident is automated; the accuracy and reliability of the made schemes of a place of a road traffic accident will increase; the number of controversial issues will decrease; the received materials can be used for other purposes (adoption of motivated decisions on court cases, execution of reasoned payments by insurance companies), and accordingly the corruption component will decrease.
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Ma, Xin, Wei He, Chao Ding, and Yong Jiang. "Numerical Study on the Fire Development Process of Typical Power Plant Multi-Floor Compartment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.354.
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About frequently happened fire accidents in Power stations, an actual compartment fire accident in one room on 3nd floor was studied numerically with software FDS 5.3.0/SMV 5.3.10 in this article. According to the results of simulation, we investigated the different radiant heat flux parameters, burning losses under different heat release rates and rising rates. The developing process of fuel combustion was analyzed. Also, we compared the simulation results with the actual smoke trace and burning rates in fire accidents. It shows the numerical modeling software FDS is a reliable tool to analyze the power plant fire accident caused by casually placed inflammable objects in single room. It provides an applied valuable good way for the fire accident research in power plant.
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Louvar, J. F. "How to prevent process accidents." Process Safety Progress 30, no. 2 (April 15, 2011): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10455.
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Nugraha, Arya, and Gatot Yudoko. "STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION AS EARLY WARNING SIGNAL FOR SAFETY INTERVENTION IMPROVEMENT AT MINING OPERATION." Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System 8, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2020.008.02.4.
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As the frequency, severity, and costs of safety risks continue to become a challenge for mining industry, the company understood that the existing safety analytic does not provide adequate information, as it has been relying predominantly on collecting and evaluating aggregated data of lagging indicators about past accidents. This method has been negatively driving the organization to carry out repetitive cycle of accident analysis and problem solving, and therefore, undertaking reactive responses. This paper investigated how statistical process control, in particular control charts, can be applied to hazards data, as the leading indicator of accidents, to detect statistically trends in safety process and safety behavior, aiming to control the safety process in real-time manner before the occurrence of accidents. The result showed that the latest iteration of control limits development in Phase 3 is suitable as the control chart for safety process in one of case study mine operation site. Furthermore, the implementation of control charts to hazards data not only it helps the organization to transition its safety analytic to leading indicator analysis, it enables the organization to control safety process in real-time practice and to carry out timely safety intervention long before the potential occurrence of severe accidents, in which within this case, the first early warning signal was triggered 49 days before the occurrence of the fatality accident.
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Eck, Ronald W., and E. Darin Simpson. "Using Medical Records in Non-Motor-Vehicle Pedestrian Accident Identification and Countermeasure Development." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1538, no. 1 (January 1996): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800107.
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A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using emergency room and emergency medical service records in quantifying rural non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents and in developing countermeasures to reduce injuries resulting from such accidents. A literature review indicated that although non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents are a significant injury problem in the United States, there does not appear to be an effective process for collecting data about those accidents that corresponds to the data collection methods used at present for motor-vehicle accidents. A multistep process for obtaining detailed pedestrian accident data using a combination of medical records and telephone surveys is described. Data collection was time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, it was concluded that it is not practical for traffic engineers to use medical records on a routine basis for pedestrian accident analysis. The method outlined yields a data base rich in details about pedestrian fall accidents, making it valuable in research. Whereas the results of the telephone survey did not produce a large enough sample size to extrapolate to pedestrian accidents in general, they did point out the importance of surface condition to pedestrian safety. Two general types of surface-condition problems were identified: slippery surfaces caused by accumulation of snow and ice and surface holes or openings.
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Rodrigues da Silva, Jacks, David Barbosa de Alencar, Alexandra Priscilla Tregue Costa, and Antônio Estanislau Sanches. "Work Safety Management for Optimization Production Process." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1890.
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The safety at work of employees is not always viewed with due importance. However, with the help of technology, such as E-social, the government system that organizes companies to communicate in a unified way as information for their employees, it executes with whom employers comply with strict safety standards. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that occupational safety management improves accident rates in the company through actions on enforcement methods that are the basic causes of accidents. What's more, quality, management, costs and other values are better through behavioral changes. Within the Thematic service, we seek or develop conscientious and motivated employees, as a safe environment must be in place to support safe working employees. Therefore, after the implant or safety management system, you can reduce a satisfactory reduction of work accidents and get good results in the production process.
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Dorisman, Asri, Adji Suradji Muhammad, and Ramadhani Setiawan. "Stakeholder Collaboration in Traffic Accident Management." Jurnal Magister Administrasi Publik 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmap.v1i1.3320.
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This research aims to determine how the collaboration process between stakeholders in response to traffic accidents in Kota Tanjungpinang. In Kota Tanjungpinang accident numbers are still quite high from year to year. In response to traffic accidents in Kota Tanjungpinang some stakeholders such as Polres Tanjungpinang, Dinas Perhubungan Kota Tanjungpinang, PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Perwakilan Tanjungpinang, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kota Tanjungpinang, Dinas Perumahan Rakyat, Kawasan Permukiman, Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Tanjungpinang collaborate. Data collection methods in the form of interviews that are conducted to the informant interested in the implementation of Collaborative governance process. The analysis of data obtained is carried out through data collection, data verification, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions. The results obtained from this research are Collaborative governance in response to this traffic accident has fulfilled several factors of 5 factors in collaboration according to the Ansell and Gash Theory (2007), a factor that is fulfilled by collaboration This is (1). Comitment to process in the collaboration of countermeasures traffic accidents see the commitment of each stakeholder and confidence in providing the best service for the countermeasures of traffic accidents. (2). The Trust building in the collaboration in response to the trust building traffic accidents between stakeholders has already run well in carrying out their roles.
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Li, Wei, Xujian Zhao, and Shiyu Liu. "Traffic Accident Prediction Based on Multivariable Grey Model." Information 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040184.
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Owing to frequent traffic accidents and casualties nowadays, the ability to predict the number of traffic accidents in a period is significant for the transportation department to make decisions scientifically. However, owing to many variables affecting traffic accidents in the road traffic system, there are two critical challenges in traffic accident prediction. The first issue is how to evaluate the weight of each variable’s impact on the accident. The second issue is how to model the prediction process for multiple interrelated variables. Aiming to solve these two problems, we propose effective solutions to deal with traffic accident prediction. Firstly, for the first issue, we exploit the grey correlation analysis to measure the correlation of factors to accident occurrence. Then, for the second issue, we select the main factors by correlation analysis to establish a multivariable grey model—MGM(1,N) for prediction process modeling. Further, we explore the collinearity between variables and better optimize the predictive model. The experimental results show that our approach achieves best performance than four general-purpose comparative algorithms in traffic accident prediction task.
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Wu, Jun, Hui Yang, and Yuan Cheng. "Domino Effect Analysis, Assessment and Prevention in Process Industries." Journal of Systems Science and Information 3, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jssi-2015-0481.
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AbstractDomino effect is a fairly common phenomenon in process industry accidents, which makes many process industry accidents serious and the consequent losses enhanced. Domino effect of the major accidents in chemical cluster is emphasized. Many researchers have studied domino effect in chemical clusters from different perspectives. In the review, we summarize the research from three aspects: The statistical analysis of domino accidents in chemical process industry, the evaluation of domino accidents and the prevention of domino accidents in chemical clusters by game theory. From the analysis, we can find the characteristic of domino accidents such as the time and the location, the origin and causes of domino accidents. The methods of assessing domino effects such as quantitative risk assessment (QRA), Bayesian networks (BN) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) are analyzed. The prevention of domino accidents in chemical clusters using game theory is seldom, and there is still much space for improvement in enterprises’ efforts to prevent risk of domino accidents.
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Khwayyir, Hasan Hadi Salman, G. Maria, and Daniel Dinculescu. "Simulation of the Consequences of the Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Following the Truck Accident Next to MihDileEti Village (Romania) in 2004." Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 34, no. 4 (2021): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2020.1901.
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Model-based evaluation of major accident consequences and effects occurring during the transport of dangerous substances presents a great interest, because it allows derivation of relevant conclusions on the cause-effect close relationship. Such a numerical (in-silico) analysis helps to improve safety regulations for the transport of hazardous substances aimed at preventing dramatic accidents causing many deaths, injuries, and structural damage. By using the standard TNT equivalency math model, coupled with the Probit functions technique, the consequences and effects of an accidental blast have been<br /> estimated.1,2 The approached case study here refers to the accidental explosion of a truck while transporting 20 t of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the proximity of MihDileEti village<br /> (Romania) on 24 May 2004. The model-based simulated accident consequences and effects match the data taken on the spot after the accident. Multiple simulations lead to<br /> deriving relevant conclusions of practiced value for improving the transport safety of hazardous substances.
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Almoshaogeh, Meshal, Radfan Abdulrehman, Husnain Haider, Fawaz Alharbi, Arshad Jamal, Saif Alarifi, and Md Shafiquzzaman. "Traffic Accident Risk Assessment Framework for Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Evaluating the Impact of Speed Cameras." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 6682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156682.
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Saudi Arabia is one of the countries with the highest number of road accidents and associated fatalities in the world. Speeding has been identified as an important cause of increased traffic accidents, which also aggravate their severity. Road safety improvement strategies are primarily based on the accurate identification of accident hotspots. Installing speed cameras at a network level is an expensive road safety measure, and its spatiotemporal effectiveness should be assessed. In this study, a traffic accident risk assessment framework has been developed and implemented on the 84 km long Buraydah Ring Road in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The selected highway was divided into 42 (×2 km long) segments using the ArcGIS software. A risk scoring scheme was developed to incorporate both the frequency and severity of road accidents. Speed cameras installation at various segments showed a 70% decline in total accident counts, 53% in accidents with property damage, 84% decline in accidents causing injury, and complete absence of accidents with fatalities. The 48% segments were identified as hotspots with risk level ≥ medium, while the speed cameras installation completely eliminated the hotspots from the study area. The proposed framework can be implemented on major high-speed highways, accommodating high traffic volumes, for hotspot identification and evaluation of various road safety measures in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.
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Handayani, Dwi Iryaning, and Tri Prihatiningsih. "MULTI KRITERIA TERHADAP PENILAIAN PENYEBAB KEJADIAN RISIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA UNTUK PROYEK KONTRUKSI DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL NETWORK PROCESS." J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.13.1.27-36.
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AbstrakPermasalahan K3 di Indonesia masih kurang diperhatikan, padahal sektor konstruksi merupakan sektor yang berisiko terhadap kecelakaan kerja disamping sektor lainnya. Banyak faktor yang dapat memicu penyebab terjadinya risiko kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu penting untuk diketahui potensi penyebab terjadinya risiko kecelakaan kerja sehingga tujuan penelitian ini melakukan penilaian penyebab risiko kecelakaan kerja pada proyek kontruksi. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian tersebut dengan metode ANP menggunakan sofware Matlab. Penyebab terjadinya risiko K3 pada bidang kontruksi didominasi oleh kriteria struktur 44% dibandingkan dengan kriteria persiapan 17%, kriteria sub struktur 21% dan kriteria finishing 19%. Penyebab risiko kecelakaan kerja yang paling besar disebabkan oleh faktor manusia 77%, faktor ini disebabkan karena perilaku tidak aman meliputi kurang pengetahuan K3, pekerja kurang disiplin, pekerja tidak menggunakan APD, komitmen K3 kurang, tidak mengikuti pelatihan K3, kesalahan transformasi informasi, Metode kontruksi tidak benar, Pondasi scaffolding tidak padat pada tempat yang datar. Sedangkan penyebab kecelakaan kerja lainnya seperti scaffolding ambruk, kabel terkena air konsleting, kabel terkelupas, tersentuh aliran listrik, lokasi becek, lumpur, amblas. Upaya dalam pengendalian risiko kecelakaan kerja yaitu perbaikan manajemen K3 dan pelatihan K3 dalam meningkatkan komitmen K3 dengan adanya pengendalian risiko diharapkan dapat meminimalkan risiko (zero accident) pada pekerjaan kontruksi. Abstract[Multi Criteria On the Assessment of Accidents Causes in Occupational Risk in Construction Project By Analytical Network Process Method] Even though the construction sector is a sector with high risk of occupational accidents beside other sectors, the problem of occupational health and safety (OHS) in contruction sector is still gaining less attention in Indonesia. Many factors can trigger the cause of occupational accidents risk. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential causes of occupational accidents risk. This research is intended to assess the risk of occupational accidents on construction projects. We use analytical network process (ANP) method running on Matlab software to perform the assessment. It is found that the cause of risk in OHS for construction sector is dominated by structure criterion (44%), followed by preparation criterion (17%), sub-structure criterion (21%) and finishing criterion (19%). The biggest cause of occupational accidents is human factor by 77%, this factor is caused by unsafety behavior which include lack of knowledge in OHS, indisciplined workers, ignoring the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of commitment in practicing OHS, no OHS training, missinformation, incorrect construction method, and scaffolding foundation is not solid on a flat area. While the cause of other occupational accidents includes collapsing scaffolding, wires exposed to water, peeled cable, unintentional touch of electrical current, muddy site, mud, and avalanche. Some efforts in controlling the risk of occupational accidents includes improving OHS management and OHS training to improve OHS commitment. It is expected that by controlling the risk, accidents in contruction work can be minimized (zero accident).Keywords: Assessment; Risk Causes; Work Accidents.
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Shahani, Comila. "Industrial Accidents: Does Age Matter?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100516.
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This study examined the relationship between risk of accident involvement and the aging process. It was predicted that the relationships between age and accident frequency and severity would differ depending upon job context. The study also examined the extent to which progressive selection was a factor. 7,131 accidents that occurred over a five year span in a large Southwestern petrochemical facility were analyzed. In addition, information about age and employment history was obtained for the 3,015 employees at this plant. There were no differences in the proportions of employees in different age groups across job families indicating progressive selection was not a factor in this workforce. Younger workers had higher overall accident rates than older employees; but there were few differences between them in the proportion of severe accidents incurred. The relationship between age and accident frequency and severity did not differ across job families (except in the oldest age group, where the accident frequency rate declined for two of the five job families).
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Aziz, Hanida Abdul, Azmi Mohd Shariff, and Mazlinda Muhamad. "Development of Process Safety Management System (PSMS): Mechanical Integrity (MI)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.486.
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Accident is one of the big issues that occur repeatedly in the process industries today though there is numerous application of the variety safeguarding measures that have been introduced. Equipment failure is identified as one of the root causes of these major accidents. One of the established standards that addressed the above issue is a Mechanical Integrity (MI) element of Process safety Management System (PSM) 29 CFR 1910.119(j). The main objective of this study is to introduce a systematic technique to implement PSM MI in process industries. This study covered analysis of requirements of the standard, development of framework and prototype tool as well as concept validation through a case study. Implementation of this technique will help employers to prevent major accidents and compliance to the PSM standard simultaneously.
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Kałuża, Robert, Piotr Czech, Tomasz Figlus, Piotr Gustof, and Katarzyna Turoń. "Bicycle braking process." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.048.
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As a result of the increase in the number of vehicles traveling on Polish roads, the state of security has changed significantly in recent years. The risk of a collision or traffic accident has increased as a result of increased traffic. Police statistics show that one of the participants in the collision are people who are cycling. In court practice, when dealing with cases relating to road accidents involving bicycles, it is often necessary to determine the behavior of the driver at the time before the event occurred. For this purpose, knowledge about the braking distance achieved or the braking time of the bicycle can be useful. The article presents the results of testing the braking process of various types of brake systems and bicycles.
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Kong, Shengli, Pengfei Yang, Xinmei Fang, Zhen Yang, Chenlu Tang, Wei Wang, and Chengjing Ying. "Analysis of Characteristics of Safety Accidents in University Laboratory and Research on the Causes of Accidents." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703050.
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In recent years, under the background of the country’s vigorous development of science and education, the construction of university laboratories has been continuously progressing and perfecting. Under such rapid development, the safety management mode of university laboratories has been lagging behind and many safety accidents have occurred threatening teachers and students. The safety of university laboratories urgently needs more attention. This research briefly analyzes the safety management system of domestic and foreign university laboratories and related laws, regulations and standards and analyzes the types and characteristics of accidents and the causes of accidents through statistics of 50 college laboratory accidents in recent years. Based on the analytic hierarchy process to study the weight of the cause of the accident. It is concluded that laboratory safety management and personnel management are the main reasons for the accident.
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Zhou, Zu Xu. "Research on the Preventive Measures of Sports Injury Based on Causality Diagram and Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 1838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1838.
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Because of the frequent occurrence of injury accident in the sports curriculum, the security of physical education cannot be ignored. So, this paper analyzes the factors of injury accident in physical education teaching process and proposes prevention measures. The establishment of security system in physical education is an urgent problem. This paper studies the causes and countermeasures of sports injury accidents based on two methods: causality diagram and analytic hierarchy process. The first section introduces the principles of causality diagram and hierarchical analysis in detail. The second part of the article establishes mathematical model of the analysis method. The part three of the text investigates and analyzes the accident status and prevention measures of 100 primary schools and universities in Heilongjiang province in the form of literature researches and questionnaires. It also proposes weight coefficients and causality diagrams of Sports Injury Accidents using causal analysis theory. It converts causal diagram into a hierarchical model using the analytic hierarchy process AHP.
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Çakır, Erkan, and Bünyamin Kamal. "Analysis of merchant vessel accidents in Istanbul strait through decision tree method." Aquatic Research 4, no. 1 (2021): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar21002.
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In this study merchant vessel accidents which occured between 2001 and 2016 in the sectors of Türkeli, Kandilli, Kadıköy, Marmara which constitutes Istanbul Strait region under Istanbul Vessel Traffic Services scope have been examined. Data was obtained from database of Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center, and after data cleansing process, 535 vessel accidents which involve merchant cargo vessels of above 500 grosston have been analyzed. Merchant cargo vessel accidents which were taken place in the specified sectors have been examined with CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector) Decision Tree method. CHAID Decision Tree method is one of the most common used decision tree algorithms in extracting meaningful rules from big datasets and for classification. Through conducting CHAID Decision Tree method for merchant vessel accidents relationship between accident type (collision/contact, grounding and other) and vessel factors (vessel type, Length overall (LOA), vessel gross tonnage, vessel age, flag, loading condition), time factors (accident time, season of accident) and other factors (sector where accident occured, pilot on board or not) has been analyzed. Accident occuring sector, pilot on board/not, vessel type and accident time have been found as the most important input variables. Based on the result of the Decision Tree method applied to the data set, it was observed that the accidents occurring in the Kadıköy sector were collision / contact with 86% probability, the accidents occurring in the Kandilli or Marmara sectors were collision / contact with 48% probability and in the Türkeli sector, both collision / contact and other accident types had 36% occurring probability.
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Li, Hong Xi. "Study on the Data-Mining Based Mechanism for the Occurrence of Ship Collision Accidents Caused by Human Factors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.321.
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In order to effectively analyze the mechanism for the occurrence of ship collision accidents caused by human factors, an accident causing chain was constructed using the Bayesian network structure and the data mining algorithm. According to navigator's cognitive behavior forming process and human errors, the accident cause network structure was constructed using the Bayesian network structure by analyzing 120 typical cases about ship collision accidents caused by human factors; a collision accident cause chain was obtained by mining the frequent combination of human errors using data-mining based Apriori algorithm and JAVA programming language.
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Xing, Xiao Long, Bo Tuo Jiang, Yan Qiang Jia, and Xu Zhang. "Study on Environmental Pollution and Public Health Caused by Chemical Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.624.
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Modern chemical accidents may easily turn into environmental calamities, which can result in a number of social and public health problems. Therefore, environment, health and social issues caused by chemical process relevant incidents should be taken over in order to minimize the accident loss and not develop to the environmental pollution. Here the eight accident cases of the chemical produce are presented, and some improvements are provided on the basis of the analysis of the related chemical accidents, which could be helpful for the accident prevention, and environmental conservation and personnel protection.
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Koo, Byung-Kook, Ji-Won Baek, and Kyung-Yong Chung. "Weight Feedback-Based Harmonic MDG-Ensemble Model for Prediction of Traffic Accident Severity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115072.
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Traffic accidents are emerging as a serious social problem in modern society but if the severity of an accident is quickly grasped, countermeasures can be organized efficiently. To solve this problem, the method proposed in this paper derives the MDG (Mean Decrease Gini) coefficient between variables to assess the severity of traffic accidents. Single models are designed to use coefficient, independent variables to determine and predict accident severity. The generated single models are fused using a weighted-voting-based bagging method ensemble to consider various characteristics and avoid overfitting. The variables used for predicting accidents are classified as dependent or independent and the variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents are predicted using the characteristics of causal relationships. Independent variables are classified as categorical and numerical variables. For this reason, a problem arises when the variation among dependent variables is imbalanced. Therefore, a harmonic average is applied to the weights to maintain the variables’ balance and determine the average rate of change. Through this, it is possible to establish objective criteria for determining the severity of traffic accidents, thereby improving reliability.
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Zago, Adriana Marchon, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci, Nadia Fiori, Maria Laura Vidal Carret, Neice Muller Xavier Faria, and Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa. "Workplace Accident Prevalence and Associated Factors among Tobacco Farm in São Lourenço do Sul-RS, Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 23, no. 5 (May 2018): 1353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018235.13172016.
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Abstract Agriculture has the highest risk of accidents. In Brazil the reality of this situation is unknown owing to scarcity of studies and underreporting of workplace accidents in rural areas. This article aims to evaluate workplace accident prevalence and associated factors among tobacco farm in Sao Lourenco do Sul-RS, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 488 tobacco farmers, assessing sociodemographic, behavioural, labour characteristics and association with workplace accidents occurring in their lifetime. The injury prevalence was 24%. Being male (PR 1.62; 95%CI 1.04-2.52), and tenant farmer (PR 1.87; 95%CI 1.29-2.72), bundling tobacco leaves (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.14-3.52) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.58; 95%CI 1.06-2.35) were positively associated with accidents. 46% of serious injuries caused superficial lesions and 26% caused fractures. Rural workplace accident prevention policies need to be established, particularly for tobacco farming. Larger studies are needed to understand work process-related aspects that increase the risk of accidents.
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Xue, Peng Li, Xiao Feng Sun, Yun Song, Yan Jun Cheng, and De Zhi Sun. "Lessons Learned From Major Environmental Accidents and Regulations on Hazard Control in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3462.
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China is suffering from severe environmental accidents that many have catastrophic impacts on public health and the environment. It is urgent to update the standards for environmental accidents prevention in China. This paper analyses the causes of fifty-three major accidents that happened in 2008 to obtain insight to help prevent similar events in the future. The results show that production accidents, which were mainly triggered by process analysis, training and human error, were the dominant causes of environmental accidents in China. In addition, current regulations on the control of environmental accident hazards and their implementation are also presented in this paper, which comprise legal requirements centering on hazardous chemicals, industrial safety evaluation, risk analysis and preparation of emergency plans. Based on our analysis, some key points that should be developed in future environmental accident hazard control measures are put forward with the aim of shedding light on decision making and risk management in China.
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Cao, Yi, Zhong Yi Zuo, and Bo Hang Liu. "Research on Mechanical Mechanics with Trajectory Reconstruction Model of Motorcycle’s Three-Dimensional Rolling Movement." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.201.
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In order to simulate and analyze the rolling movement state of motorcycle in collision accidents, the trajectory reconstruction model was studied. The motorcycle’s centroid trajectory model during the process of rolling and the feature point trajectory model during the process of sliding are both constructed. Using the accidents reconstruction and analysis software named PC-Crash and the models constructed in this paper respectively, a real accident case was reconstructed and analyzed. The comparative study between the reconstruction analysis results and the marks remained in the accident scene was conducted. Research showed that, the analysis result reconstructed by the model was consistent with the actual accident scene. This model can be used to reconstruct and analyze the motorcycle’s rolling movement trajectory after collision occurring.
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Chen, Ming Liang, Zhi Qiang Geng, and Qun Xiong Zhu. "Method for Estimating the Domino Effect in Quantitative Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.536.
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Accidents caused by the domino effect are the most destructive accidents in the chemical process industry. These chains of accidents may lead to catastrophic consequences and may affect not only the industrial sites, but also people, environment and economy. However, quantitative risk assessments do not usually take the domino effect into account in a detailed, systematic way, mostly because of its complexity and the difficulties involved in its incorporation. A method for quantitative assessment of domino effects is presented. The consequence and probability of a certain accident can be estimated. The domino sequences from the initial accident to the last accident can be obtained. The method has been implemented in a case study. The results show that it can indeed be used to estimate the impact of the domino effect in quantitative assessment.
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Liu, Xin Qiang. "Depth Analysis of Typical Accident with FTA Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.443.
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Aggressive train signal belongs to typical accidents in the process of train running; it has many influence factors, widely related departments and complex results. In this paper, we carry on the qualitative and quantitative analysis on the typical accidents using FTA technology, to estimate and calculate the structure, probability and critical importance degree. The affecting factor of the typical accident to analysis deeply. Then the analysis conclusion is carried out and the prevention strategies of the typical accident are given.
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Bogalecka, Magda. "Modelling Consequences of Maritime Critical Infrastructure Accidents." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0046.
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Abstract The probabilistic general model of critical infrastructure accident consequences including the superposition of three models of the process of initiating events, the process of environment threats and the process of environment degradation is adopted to the maritime transport critical infrastructure. The general model is applied to this critical infrastructure accident with chemical release consequences identification and prediction. The model also includes the cost analysis of losses associated with these chemical releases. Further, under the assumption of the stress of weather influence on the ship operation condition, critical infrastructure accident losses are examined and the results are compared with the previous ones. Finally, the method of optimization are practically tested to the minimizing these losses and the procedures and the new strategy assuring lower environment losses of the considered critical infrastructure accidents are proposed.
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Grabski, Franciszek. "Nonhomogeneous Stochastic Processes Connected to Poisson Process." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej 213, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjpna-2018-0009.
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Abstract Some generalizations of the Poisson process and their properties are presented in the paper. The non-homogeneous Poisson process allows to construct a probabilistic model describing the different kinds of accidents number. The nonhomogeneous compound Poisson process enables to describe mathematically the various types of accidents consequences. Theoretical results give possibility to anticipate the accidents number and their consequences.
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Sun, Hao, Qiuping Wang, Peng Zhang, Yujian Zhong, and Xiabing Yue. "Spatialtemporal Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents in China from 2001 to Present." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (August 15, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4536414.
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There are often greater risks in the process of tunnel construction, and because of the unpredictable tunnel features, the risks during tunnel operation are also great. Due to the substantial growth of TTAs during the recent years, the safety issues of the tunnel traffic accidents (TTAs) have become a widely discussed topic in China. This study examined 2703 TTAs that occurred in the expressway tunnels of China, from 2001 to the present. The datasets from these accidents were analyzed in detail to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of the traffic accidents as well as the source of the traffic accident distributions in the expressway tunnels. According to the analysis results, 58% of TTAs took place in the entrance and exit zones, and the rear end accident is the most common accident. In addition, the special festivals are liable to traffic accidents, especially during the Chinese Spring Festival. In order to reduce the accidents, special traffic service needs to be taken in key periods, the expressway tunnel operation departments should improve the management rules, and all the drivers should be educated to be more careful when they enter the tunnel.
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Lessa, Luana Passos, Renata Kelly dos Santos e. Silva, Gabriela Araújo Rocha, Jéssica Denise Vieira Leal, Ana Klisse Silva Araújo, and Francisco Gilberto Fernandes Pereira. "Construção de uma cartilha sobre educação no trânsito para adolescentes." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i10a235019p2737-2742-2018.
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RESUMOObjetivo: construir uma cartilha educativa para adolescentes sobre prevenção de acidentes de trânsito. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, do tipo metodológico, que se conduziu por fases: iniciou-se com uma revisão narrativa acerca das medidas de prevenção e epidemiologia dos acidentes de trânsito no Brasil e, posteriormente, confecção do texto, layout e imagens do conteúdo proposto na cartilha. Resultados: dividiu-se a cartilha em partes: pedestres, ciclistas, motociclistas e motoristas, sinalização e dicas de trânsito. Para cada componente descreveram-se meios de comportamento no trânsito acompanhados de ilustrações. Conclusão: construiu-se a cartilha que se apresenta como novo material de ensino nas atividades de educação em saúde com foco para a prevenção de acidentes de trânsito. Ressalta-se que em fase subsequente será submetida ao processo de validação de conteúdo e aparência. Descritores: Educação em Saúde; Acidentes de Trânsito; Adolescentes; Saúde Pública; Prevenção de Acidentes; Promoção de Saúde.ABSTRACTObjective: to build an educational booklet for adolescents on traffic accident prevention. Method: this is a qualitative study of the methodological type conducted by phases: initiated by a narrative review about the prevention measures and epidemiology of traffic accidents in Brazil, and later confection of the text, layout, and images of the contents proposed in the booklet. Results: the booklet was divided into parts: pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers, signage and traffic tips. For each component, means of behavior in traffic were described along with illustrations. Conclusion: the booklet was built and a new teaching material in health education activities was shown, focusing on the prevention of traffic accidents. It is emphasized that in the subsequent phase, the booklet will be submitted to the process of validation of content and appearance. Descriptors: Health Education; Traffic Accidents; Adolescent; Public Health; Accident Prevention; Health Promotion.RESUMENObjetivo: construir una cartilla educativa para adolescentes sobre prevención de accidentes de tránsito. Método: estudio cualitativo del tipo metodológico conducido por fases: iniciado por una revisión narrativa acerca de las medidas de prevención y epidemiologia de los accidentes de tránsito en Brasil, y posteriormente confección del texto, layout e imágenes del contenido propuesto en la cartilla. Resultados: la cartilla fue dividida en partes: pedestres, ciclistas, motociclistas y motoristas, señalización y consejos de tránsito. Para cada componente fueron descritos medios de comportamiento en el tránsito acompañados de ilustraciones. Conclusión: la cartilla fue construida y se presenta como nuevo material de enseñanza en las actividades de educación en salud, con enfoque para la prevención de accidentes de tránsito. Se resalta que en fase subsecuente será sometida al proceso de validación de contenido y apariencia. Descriptores: Educación en Salud; Accidentes de Tránsito; Adolescente; Salud Pública; Prevención de Accidentes; Promoción de la Salud.
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Sun, Jing Bo, Yong Zhi Zuo, Hai Wen Teng, Tao Zhang, and Huan Liu. "Statistical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 482 (December 2013): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.482.118.
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The reason of most accidents in the construction engineering are due to the complicated nature of concrete composition, shortcomings during the construction process, equipment and many other reasons. Reinforced concrete quality account for a large percentage of engineering accidents. In this paper, reinforced concrete structures accident type and its causes were classified and summarized through the summarizing and sorting of different cases, and the relationship between them was analyzed and expounded.
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Li, Fei, and Guang Zhang. "Research on Accident Control Based on HSE Management System in Petrochemical Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2381.
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Through the discussion on the nature of the reasons for the accident, it is easy to analyze that the management faults are a source of accidents, and extract the concept of HSE management system in petrochemical enterprises, which as a dynamic security management system, in view of the "all accidents are avoidable" concept, implements security affairs management by the means of planning, implementation, leadership and monitoring, and finally, illustrates that HSE management system realize the whole process management of accident control though examples in drilling operations.
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Taneja, Narinder. "Human Factors in Aircraft Accidents: A Holistic Approach to Intervention Strategies." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 1 (September 2002): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600133.
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Human error has been implicated in almost 70–80% of civil and military aviation accidents. It appears that attempts to understand human factors in aircraft accidents and apply remedial strategies have been made in isolation in addressing a particular link in the whole process of aircraft accident prevention. The suggested holistic approach to minimize aircraft accidents, aims to provide a composite and macroscopic view of the activities within the aviation environment that can be targeted to produce the desired results. It also provides a microscopic look at possible domains within each link. Targeting one particular aspect or link in the entire process may or may not influence the other components in the loop. Such an approach would address the experience and certainty of safety investigators with regards to contribution of human factors in aircraft accidents and the understanding of temporal relation between various human factors at one end to issues of intervention strategies based on sound human factors principles and a follow up evaluation of the impact of these intervention strategies on the other end. The influence of safety culture in integrating the diverse components of the accident prevention program is highlighted.
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Kim, Kwan Woo. "Characteristics of forklift accidents in korean industrial sites." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203402.
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BACKGROUND: Although using forklifts in industrial sites contributes to productivity, many workers have been injured or killed owing to industrial accidents caused by forklifts. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the characteristics of forklift accidents by employment type and work process, thereby identifying the factors contributing to industrial accidents and providing recommendations to prevent accidents. METHODS: Data on 1,061 industrial forklift accidents occurring in 2018 collected from the national injury insurance compensation database were analyzed. In addition to analyzing the accident characteristics, this study performed a risk assessment per forklift work process. RESULTS: Many accidents were associated with older workers, those employed for < 6 months, and workplaces with ≤49 workers. The risk was the highest for accidents involving caught-in objects in the loading/unloading step and collision accidents in the forward- and backward-driving steps. CONCLUSIONS: Measures are needed to prevent industrial forklift accidents. First, forklift and worker movement routes must be strictly separated or controlled by a work supervisor. It is necessary to secure a time margin for workers to avoid collapsing cargo by using an appropriate tool/jig during loading/unloading. Second, guidance, inspection, and support are needed to promote employers’ safety and health awareness in workplaces with < 50 workers. Lastly, intensive education and training concerning health and safety is required for workers with less than six months of experience.
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Zhu, Rongchen, Xin Li, Xiaofeng Hu, and Deshui Hu. "Risk Analysis of Chemical Plant Explosion Accidents Based on Bayesian Network." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010137.
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Many chemical plant explosion accidents occur along with the development of the chemical industry. Meanwhile, the interaction and influence of various factors significantly increase the uncertainty of the evolution process of such accidents. This paper presents a framework to dynamically evaluate chemical plant explosion accidents. We propose twelve nodes to represent accident evolution and establish a Bayesian network model for chemical plant explosion accidents, combining historical data with expert experience to support the prevention, management, and real-time warning. Hypothetical scenarios and catastrophic explosion scenarios were analyzed by setting different combinations of states for nodes. Moreover, the impacts of factors such as factory type, material form, accident equipment, the emergency response on casualty and property loss are evaluated. We find that sensitivity of property loss and casualties to factory type and ongoing work are less significant; the equipment factors result in more casualties than that from personnel factors; the impact of emergency response on the accident results is significant; equipment safety management and personnel safety training are the most important measures to prevent chemical plant explosion risks.
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Setiawan, Herry, and Amsar Yunan. "Classification of Walking Cars and Pedestrians for the use of Automatic Incident Detection as an Effort to Reduce Risk of Accidents on the Highway." Jurnal Inotera 5, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol5.iss1.2020.id98.
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Traffic problems become very important to minimize the number of accidents. Recorded in 2017, the death toll from accidents reached 703 people. While in 2018 503 people died or fell by 28%. This figure is considered to be the third largest killer, under coronary heart disease and tuberculosis / tuberculosis. Among several causes of accidents such as against the flow of traffic, stops on the road, pedestrians and speeds that are too low compared to other vehicles. Even though the traffic signs are already installed. The low level of awareness of road users will increase the number of accidents. A detection system for potential accidents is needed to reduce the risk and can be used for the investigation process if an accident occurs. The application of a traffic accident prediction system will be a solution to provide a warning of potential accidents. Early detection of incidents is very important to limit consequences such as delays for other road users, lower costs, less time commitment to emergency services, as well as to prevent accidents. Video processing obtained from CCTV installed at intersections, highways, bridges and tunnels will detect pedestrians and oncoming cars automatically. Detection is done by processing each video frame to determine the foreground by the Gaussian mixture models method of each video frame.
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Singh, Uttkarsh Kumar, Sahil Yadav, Sonali Joshi, Stuti Singh, and Kayalivizhi Jayavel. "RescueAlert-an accident detection and rescue mechanism." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3356-3364.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase of vehicles and cars of different kind and the large movement that occurs every day on the roads it was natural to observe an increase in traffic accidents, but the real dilemma lies in how to make the rescue process efficient. The problem that we want to solve is the response of ambulances towards accidents and the lengthy registration process of patients in hospitals. In the above two scenarios, the manual process of calling the ambulance leads to delay in rescue of patients from an accident and the delay in registration of patient leads to delay in medication or treatment of the patient. We want to make the process more efficient by automating accident detection for increasing the efficiency of the ambulance rescue process and by sending the details of the patient before the patient reaches the hospitals for faster treatment of patients. Along with this, alert messages will be sent to the family or friends of the patients to notify them as soon as an accident is detected.
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Sahin, Bekir, and Yunus Emre Senol. "A Novel Process Model for Marine Accident Analysis by using Generic Fuzzy-AHP Algorithm." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 1 (August 15, 2014): 162–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463314000514.
Full textAbstract:
Marine accident analysis is a sophisticated and complex official interpretation that requires a professional and fair judgment. For accidents such as a collision, contact and other incidents in the maritime field, the judgment mechanism of the courts depends on the decision process of the field experts. Field experts define the “Fraction Defectives” (FDs) of the vessels for the intended case based on the existing evidence and navigational specifications. However, evaluation of human judgment can be limited and problematic in analysing many aspects of a case. In this paper, a pairwise comparison method is used to simplify and clarify the judgment process. We aim to assess marine accidents in a stepwise approach that is inaccurately carried out in a holistic perspective by the field experts. A real accident that occurred in the past is simulated in front of the field experts. After conducting an expert consultation, FDs are re-calculated to compare both the regular judgment and the results in our suggested Generic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (GF-AHP) approach.