Relevant bibliographies by topics / Accidents rate of motorcyclists

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Academic literature on the topic 'Accidents rate of motorcyclists'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Accidents rate of motorcyclists"

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Ospina-Mateus, Holman, Leonardo Augusto Quintana Jiménez, Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes, and Shib Sankar Sana. "Prediction of motorcyclist traffic crashes in Cartagena (Colombia): development of a safety performance function." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021055.

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Motorcyclists account for more than 380 000 deaths annually worldwide from road traffic accidents. Motorcyclists are the most vulnerable road users worldwide to road safety (28% of global fatalities), together with cyclists and pedestrians. Approximately 80% of deaths are from low- or middle-income countries. Colombia has a rate of 9.7 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants, which places it 10th in the world. Motorcycles in Colombia correspond to 57% of the fleet and generate an average of 51% of fatalities per year. This study aims to identify significant factors of the environment, traffic volume, and infrastructure to predict the number of accidents per year focused only on motorcyclists. The prediction model used a negative binomial regression for the definition of a Safety Performance Function (SPF) for motorcyclists. In the second stage, Bayes’ empirical approach is implemented to identify motorcycle crash-prone road sections. The study is applied in Cartagena, one of the capital cities with more traffic crashes and motorcyclists dedicated to informal transportation (motorcycle taxi riders) in Colombia. The data of 2884 motorcycle crashes between 2016 and 2017 are analyzed. The proposed model identifies that crashes of motorcyclists per kilometer have significant factors such as the average volume of daily motorcyclist traffic, the number of accesses (intersections) per kilometer, commercial areas, and the type of road and it identifies 55 critical accident-prone sections. The research evidences coherent and consistent results with previous studies and requires effective countermeasures for the benefit of road safety for motorcyclists.
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Melo, Willian Augusto de, Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira, Adriano Brischiliari, Sandra Marisa Pelloso, and Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho. "Mortality trend due to traffic accident in young in the south of Brazil." Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 26, no. 4 (December 2018): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x201800040192.

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Abstract Background Traffic accidents are a major global public health problem with an impact on morbidity and mortality. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trend from road accidents among young adults. Method An ecological time-series study was performed of the deaths of young (15-24 years old) in traffic accidents in the state of Parana, Brazil from 1996 to 2013. Mortality data was obtained from the Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and the trend analysis was performed through polynomial regression models. A trend was considered significant when the estimated model obtained a p-value <0.05. Accidents involving tricycles were excluded from the analysis (58 cases). Results Of the 12,063 deaths from road accidents, 82.0% were male. There was a significant and growing trend of accident mortality rates involving motorcyclists and car and pick-up truck occupants, and a decreasing trend of fatal accidents involving pedestrians. The average mortality rate for accidents involving motorcyclists was 10 deaths per 100,000 residents, an increase of 1.13 per year. Accidents involving car occupants increased annually by 0.43 and accidents involving pick-up truck occupants by 0.01. Conclusion There was a significant increasing trend for fatalities of both genders, especially motorcyclists and car occupants. The pedestrian mortality trend has shown a decreasing due to their lower exposure.
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Yusuf, Muhammad-Bashir Owolabi, and Onikosi-Alliyu Saidat Oluwatoyin. "User Acceptance of Crash Helmet by Motorcyclists in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0003.

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Abstract Malaysia ranks among the first twenty countries with the highest death rate from road accidents with death from motorcycle accidents accounting for more than sixty percent of this death rate. The Malaysian government, in the year 2010, started the enforcement of helmet (head protector) in an effort to reduce the rate of death from this source. This paper examines users‟ acceptance of helmet by motorcyclist, using the theory of reasoned action (TRA). The data for this study comes from field survey of motorcyclists in Malaysia. This data was analysed using structural equation modelling. It was discovered that different factors from the theory account for user acceptance of this novelty. The paper concludes by specifying the policy implications of this and recommends other ways of improvement.
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Evans, Vaughan. "Death and Injury in Motorcycle Accidents: The Utilisation of Technology to Reduce Risk." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00004.

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In the early 1970s in Great Britain, the fatality rate for motorcyclists was twenty times that for a car driver, this relative risk has widened to around fifty in modern times. Motorcycling has not become more hazardous, rather a modest decline in the fatality rate over four decades has been eclipsed by a considerably greater reduction in the rate for car drivers. Travel by car has become safer, with seatbelts, a rigid safety cell and crumple zones, airbags, head restraints, energy-absorbing steering wheels, and shatter-resistant windscreens, all contributing to risk reduction. A motorcyclist, conversely, on most modern machines, has none of these features, with the crash helmet being the only safety feature generally adopted by motorcyclists over the last half century. The risk inherent in motorcycling could be reduced to a similar level as car travel by a radical re-design of the motorcycle to include a rigid safety cell, clad in energy absorbing deformable material, coupled with a rider restraint system. Less radical technological changes that could reduce the risk of injury, or death, include fitted anti-lock braking systems, ideally with integrated stability control, and an integral impact-activated airbag may arrest the forward motion of a rider in frontal impact conditions. The relatively simple measure of increased rider and/or machine conspicuousness can reduce the risk of certain accidents.
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Spörri, Emilian, Sascha Halvachizadeh, Jamison G. Gamble, Till Berk, Florin Allemann, Hans-Christoph Pape, and Thomas Rauer. "Comparison of Injury Patterns between Electric Bicycle, Bicycle and Motorcycle Accidents." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153359.

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Background: Electric bicycles (E-bikes) are an increasingly popular means of transport, and have been designed for a higher speed comparable to that of small motorcycles. Accident statistics show that E-bikes are increasingly involved in traffic accidents. To test the hypothesis of whether accidents involving E-bikes bear more resemblance to motorcycle accidents than conventional bicyclists, this study evaluates the injury pattern and severity of E-bike injuries in direct comparison to injuries involving motorcycle and bicycle accidents. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 1796 patients who were treated at a Level I Trauma Center between 2009 and 2018 due to traffic accident, involving bicycles, E-bikes or motorcycles, were evaluated and compared with regard to injury patterns and injury severity. Accident victims treated as inpatients at least 16 years of age or older were included in this study. Pillion passengers and outpatients were excluded. Results: The following distribution was found in the individual groups: 67 E-bike, 1141 bicycle and 588 motorcycle accidents. The injury pattern of E-bikers resembled that of bicyclists much more than that of motorcyclists. The patients with E-bike accidents were almost 14 years older and had a higher incidence of moderate traumatic brain injuries than patients with bicycle accidents, in spite of the fact that E-bike riders were nearly twice as likely to wear a helmet as compared to bicycle riders. The rate of pelvic injuries in E-bike accidents was twice as high compared with bicycle accidents, whereas the rate of upper extremity injuries was higher following bicycle accidents. Conclusion: The overall E-bike injury pattern is similar to that of cyclists. The differences in the injury pattern to motorcycle accidents could be due to the higher speeds at the time of the accident, the different protection and vehicle architecture. What is striking, however, is the higher age and the increased craniocerebral trauma of the E-bikers involved in accidents compared to the cyclists. We speculate that older and untrained people who have a slower reaction time and less control over the E-bike could benefit from head protection or practical courses similar to motorcyclists.
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Mukul, Manas Kumar. "Real-Time Helmet Detection of Bike Riders." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35176.

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Due to the affordability and ease in availability the motorcycle has seen a huge increase in its popularity. However, the rapid growth of motorcycle accidents is very alarming. According to the statistics given by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highway, amongst the road user categories, two-wheelers with a share of 37% constitute the largest number of road accident deaths (56,136) in 2019. To reduce the rate of accidents, the helmet is made compulsory for all riders. However, many riders ignore this rule. This paper aims to design a system for real-time detection of motorcyclists without helmets using the object detection-algorithms YOLO (You Only Look Once) to help solve the issue.
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Moss, Basil F., Catherine E. Moss, Patrick Dervin, Thomas Lawrence, Sophie Jones, and Stephen Thomas. "High Riding Prostate: Epidemiology of Genitourinary Injury in Motorcyclists from a UK Register of over 12,000 Victims." Current Urology 14, no. 2 (2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499251.

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Background: The mechanism of motorcycle accidents (high speeds, pelvis behind fuel tank) may predispose to genitourinary injury (GUI) but the epidemiology is poorly understood. Previous studies have assessed GUI patterns in cyclists, and road traffic accident victims in general, but no study has analyzed GUI patterns in a large cohort of motorcyclists. Objectives: We aimed to better understand patterns of urological injuries among motorcyclists admitted to hospital. We aimed to determine any relationship between pelvic fracture and GUI patterns or severity. Methods: The Trauma Audit Research Network was reviewed to identify motorcyclists admitted between January 2012 and December 2016 (n = 12,374). Cases were divided into riders (n = 11,926) and pillion passengers (n = 448), and the data analyzed to identify urological injuries and their associations. The associations between pelvic fracture and other injury types were tested for significance by one- and two-way χ2. Results: GUI was identified in 6%. Renal trauma was the most common GUI among riders (4%) and pillions (2%). There was no statistically significant relationship between grade of renal trauma and presence of pelvic fracture. Urethral injury occurred in 0.2% of riders and passengers, and bladder injury in 0.4% of riders and 0.7% of pillions. Urethral and bladder injuries were positively associated with pelvic fracture, which was present in 81 and 92%, respectively. Testicular trauma occurred in 0.4% of riders and 0.7% of pillions. Body armor was recorded in 3% of casualties with urological trauma, and 3% overall. Conclusions: A significant proportion of motorcyclists brought to accident and emergency department have GUI, most commonly renal trauma. Pelvic fracture is more common in pillion passengers than riders, and associated with urethral and bladder injuries, but it does not predict severity of renal trauma. External genital injuries are rare, but we recommend examination in the tertiary survey, as consequences of missed injury are severe. Further research is needed to explore protective effects of motorcyclist clothing.
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Méndez-Magaña, Ana Cecilia, Berenice Martínez-Melendres, Melva Guadalupe Herrera-Godina, Maria Guadalupe Laura Baez-Baez, Alfredo Celis, and Guillermo González-Estevez. "Epidemiological Profile of Injured Motorcyclists in Road Traffic Accident Treated in a Third-Level Hospital." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010541.

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Background In Mexico, motorcycle use is increasingly prevalent owing to the availability and low fuel consumption of the vehicle. With the increasing number of motorcycle users, the rate of injuries and mortality due to road traffic accidents has also increased. Objective The study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of injured motorcyclists treated in a third-level hospital, who were involved in traffic accidents in Guadalajara's Metropolitan Area and Zapotlanejo municipality. Methods We realized a logistic regression model, where we included all variables with p<=0.25, they had three or less response options became in dummy variables for facilitate the analysis and we took as confounders factors either variables that modify up to 10% the value of Odd Ratio. Results In our study, we examined 180 injured motorcyclists. The factors that increases risk of severe injury at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara and Zapotlanejo’s town were as follows: the motorcycle was not functioning properly prior to the incident (OR 76.89, 2.08-2839.25), the motorcyclist consider had committed any traffic infraction at the time of the event (OR 6.88, 1.30-36.26), the injured live in Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (OR 7.58, 1.15-50.17), driving a motorcycle when the driver did not know if the vehicle was “salvage” or not (OR 113.84, 9.13-1419.96) and as protectors factors, we found that a person drove a motorcycle with brand not Italika (OR 0.06, 0.008-0.41) and the road traffic occurred by line road or intersection “+”(OR 0.10, 0.02-0.61). Conclusion This information allowed to observe that exist elements of motorcyclist, and the motorcycle and environment that increases or reduced severity injuries in this group, most important when they did not have a health insurance.
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Mkaha Zuma, Baya, Shadrack Ayieko Yonge, Joseph Baya Msanzu, and Rahma Udu Yussuf. "Determinants of Accident Occurrence among Commercial Motor Cycle Riders in Kaloleni Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya." Multidisciplinary Journal of Technical University of Mombasa 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48039/mjtum.v1i2.35.

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Motorcycle accidents remain one of the main global concerns despite extensive research and interventions. The African region has the highest road fatality rates globally, in spite of being the least motorized region. Kenya has an estimated road fatality rate of 20.9 per 100,000 people, higher than that of the European region. There has been an increased use of motorcycles in Kenya over the last decade, so has the number of deaths from motorcycle injury. This study was aimed to establish the determinants of accident occurrence among commercial motorcycle riders in Kaloleni sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya. A self- administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 279 commercial motorcycle riders. Factors associated with accident occurrence were analysed using both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results showed that 29.2% of the respondents had been involved in a road traffic accident in the past 12 months by the time of the study. Factors that were independently associated with motorcycle accidents included riding experience of more than 8 years (p = 0.040), alcohol use (p = 0.040), slippery roads (p = 0.020) and pot holes on roads (p = <0.001). Moreover, participants acquired their riding skills from friends (64.9%) or self-trained (33.6%). It can be concluded that motorcycle accidents is still a major public health problem in the study area due to the recorded high rate. Thus, it is recommended that all motorcyclists should be well trained and issued with riding license after attending formal training, and strict penalties imposed against anybody contravening road traffic rules. Moreover, roads should be continuously improved to reduce accident rates.
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Schneck, Claudia, Elias Teixeira Krainski, Carlos Eduardo da Rocha Omoto, Daniel Grabasky Accioly, Faissal Nemer Hajar, Vitor Cassal da Cunha, Vitor Machado Guimbala, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, and Solena Ziemer Kusma. "Spatial analysis of road traffic accident deaths in the state of Paraná, 2007-2016." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 5, 2021): e431101119942. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19942.

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Brazil is in fifth place among countries with the highest number of land transport accidents. The state of Paraná, Brazil, was the object of this study which conducted spatial analysis with the aim of identifying areas where this phenomenon occurs more and their time series over a 10-year period. This was an ecological and exploratory observational study covering the period 2007 to 2016 in 39 micro-regions of the state of Paraná. Data of road traffic accident deaths as per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, codes V01 to V89) held on the Mortality Information System, were analyzed. Relative risk rates were calculated and choropleth maps were built. A total of 31,651 deaths from the causes examined were recorded according to municipality of occurrence. The most frequent ICD-10 items found were those involving automobile occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians and cyclists in road traffic accidents. An overall falling trend was found with effect from 2012. The rate by area did not show pronounced spatial dependence and there was considerable variation, whereby the Cerro Azul micro-region had the lowest relative risk in the period, while in Campo Mourão deaths were around 53.3% above the expected level. The estimated average annual trend for the Curitiba micro-region had the steepest fall in the period, while Campo Mourão had the highest rising trend. The trend analysis indicated places where more robust public policy interventions and enforcement actions need to be reviewed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accidents rate of motorcyclists"

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Suchá, Klára. "Specifické podmínky účasti motocyklů v silničním provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232561.

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Abstract The main theme of this thesis is to discuss the specific conditions of motorcycles participation in traffic. Primarily the author of the processing of statistical data relating to road traffic accidents found the most frequent causes leading to the accident of motorcycles, set out a list of typical hazardous situations and provide an opportunity to prevent them, respectively propose the concrete steps for their reduction, while visual processing is done using by the Virtual CRASH software. Secondarily, it is then processed an overview by modern elements of active and passive safety of motorcycles and their effect on the reduction of traffic accidents, or reduce health risks as the consequences of road traffic accidents. Statistical data are then confronted with the subjective perception of participation in traffic, concretely with motorcycle riders. Their opinions are interpreted by the most frequent responses from the questionnaires, the results are included in the last part of this thesis. The objective of this work is in the comparison of both perspectives - statistical data and the opinions of motorcyclists - about the traffic situation in the Czech Republic. The result of this work is the more realistic view on the issue.
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Winn, Gary Lee. "An experimental analysis of static visual acuity of novice, trained and experienced motorcyclists during simulated motorcycle operation /." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1219343665.

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Ejaz, Ahmad Khan Som-arch Wongkhomthong. "Perceptions about the traffic safety among the taxi motorcyclists and their passengers in Phayathai district, Bangkok /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd363/4637943.pdf.

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Golias, Andrey Rogério Campos [UNESP]. "Motociclistas vítimas de acidentes em Paranavaí, 2011." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106082.

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A motocicleta tem se tornado importante veículo de transporte no Brasil, pois proporciona deslocamentos mais ágeis e apresenta menor custo. Este veículo tem sido usado cada vez mais para os deslocamentos de casa para o trabalho e vice-versa. Por isso, pretende-se compreender aspectos do processo e origens dos acidentes que ocorrem nestes momentos. Sua metodologia se dividiu em três etapas. A primeira constou da comparação dos acidentes que ocorreram nos horários de deslocamentos com os outros, a partir de uma análise quantitativa, o que levou a divulgação no artigo 1. Na segunda etapa foram explorados qualitativamente 20 casos de acidentes de motociclistas não profissionais ocorridos em 2011 em Paranavaí, PR realizando tentativas de compreender as origens destes a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos focais e observações nos locais de acidentes. As análises foram guiadas pelo modelo de análise e prevenção de acidentes de trabalho (MAPA) que dialoga com conceitos de diferentes campos de conhecimento já usados em análise de acidentes. O foco foi compreender as estratégias e modos operatórios que os motociclistas não profissionais usavam para ter mais segurança. Desta segunda etapa, surgiu o artigo 2. Já a terceira e última etapa consistiu em exploração da noção de cenários típicos dos acidentes que envolveram estes mesmos 20 motociclistas não profissionais. Foi adotada metodologia que buscou descrever núcleos comuns ou achados assemelhados que se repetiam nos acidentes vistos como processos, ou seja, eventos com história ou antecedentes a serem considerados. Desta etapa surgiu o artigo 3. A ideia é tentar compreender tanto de forma quantitativa quanto qualitativa como ocorrem esses acidentes para que estratégias e ações possam ser formuladas baseadas em um pano de fundo da realidade vivida pelos motociclistas não profissionais
Motorcycle has become an important vehicle of transportation in Brazil, as it provides more agile movements and with less cost. This vehicle has been increasingly used in displacement. Therefore, was intended to understand the process and origins of accidents that occurred at these times. Methodology was divided into three steps. The first consisted of comparing the accidents that occurred in commuting with others, from a quantitative analysis, which led to disclosure in Article 1. In the second stage were explored qualitatively 20 cases of nonprofessionals motorcycle accidents occurred in 2011 in Paranavaí, PR, to understand the origins of these from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations at accident local. The analysis was guided by the analysis model and prevention of occupational accidents (MAPA) which dialogues with concepts from different fields of knowledge already used in accident analysis. The focus was to understand strategies and operational methods that non-professional riders used to have more security. In this second stage, emerged Article 2. The third and final step explored the notion of typical scenarios of accidents involving these 20 non-professional riders. It was adopted methodology that seeks to describe common nucleus findings that were repeated in accidents viewed as processes, events with history or background to be considered. This article appeared Step 3. The idea is to try to understand both quantitatively and qualitatively how these accidents occurs and strategies and actions can be formulated based on a background of the reality experienced by non-professional motorcyclists
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Golias, Andrey Rogério Campos. "Motociclistas vítimas de acidentes em Paranavaí, 2011 /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106082.

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Orientador: Ildeberto Muniz de Almeida
Banca: Adriano dias
Banca: Maria Cecília Pereira Binder
Banca: Rodolfo Andrade de Gouveia Vilela
Banca: José Marçal Jackson Filho
Resumo: A motocicleta tem se tornado importante veículo de transporte no Brasil, pois proporciona deslocamentos mais ágeis e apresenta menor custo. Este veículo tem sido usado cada vez mais para os deslocamentos de casa para o trabalho e vice-versa. Por isso, pretende-se compreender aspectos do processo e origens dos acidentes que ocorrem nestes momentos. Sua metodologia se dividiu em três etapas. A primeira constou da comparação dos acidentes que ocorreram nos horários de deslocamentos com os outros, a partir de uma análise quantitativa, o que levou a divulgação no artigo 1. Na segunda etapa foram explorados qualitativamente 20 casos de acidentes de motociclistas não profissionais ocorridos em 2011 em Paranavaí, PR realizando tentativas de compreender as origens destes a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos focais e observações nos locais de acidentes. As análises foram guiadas pelo modelo de análise e prevenção de acidentes de trabalho (MAPA) que dialoga com conceitos de diferentes campos de conhecimento já usados em análise de acidentes. O foco foi compreender as estratégias e modos operatórios que os motociclistas não profissionais usavam para ter mais segurança. Desta segunda etapa, surgiu o artigo 2. Já a terceira e última etapa consistiu em exploração da noção de cenários típicos dos acidentes que envolveram estes mesmos 20 motociclistas não profissionais. Foi adotada metodologia que buscou descrever núcleos comuns ou achados assemelhados que se repetiam nos acidentes vistos como processos, ou seja, eventos com história ou antecedentes a serem considerados. Desta etapa surgiu o artigo 3. A ideia é tentar compreender tanto de forma quantitativa quanto qualitativa como ocorrem esses acidentes para que estratégias e ações possam ser formuladas baseadas em um pano de fundo da realidade vivida pelos motociclistas não profissionais
Abstract: Motorcycle has become an important vehicle of transportation in Brazil, as it provides more agile movements and with less cost. This vehicle has been increasingly used in displacement. Therefore, was intended to understand the process and origins of accidents that occurred at these times. Methodology was divided into three steps. The first consisted of comparing the accidents that occurred in commuting with others, from a quantitative analysis, which led to disclosure in Article 1. In the second stage were explored qualitatively 20 cases of nonprofessionals motorcycle accidents occurred in 2011 in Paranavaí, PR, to understand the origins of these from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations at accident local. The analysis was guided by the analysis model and prevention of occupational accidents (MAPA) which dialogues with concepts from different fields of knowledge already used in accident analysis. The focus was to understand strategies and operational methods that non-professional riders used to have more security. In this second stage, emerged Article 2. The third and final step explored the notion of typical scenarios of accidents involving these 20 non-professional riders. It was adopted methodology that seeks to describe common nucleus findings that were repeated in accidents viewed as processes, events with history or background to be considered. This article appeared Step 3. The idea is to try to understand both quantitatively and qualitatively how these accidents occurs and strategies and actions can be formulated based on a background of the reality experienced by non-professional motorcyclists
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Soori, Hamid. "A study of some factors influencing the rate of childhood accidents after school." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318539.

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VASISHT, GAURAV. "MODELING BASE ACCIDENT RATE/DENSITY USING NEURAL NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1037645154.

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Sears, Morgan M. "Implementing energy release rate calculations into the LaModel program." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10712.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
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Ferreira, Bruno Agra. "Metodologia para análise da distribuição espacial dos acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas no município de Campina Grande - PB." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2625.

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The motorcycle is the most vulnerable means of transport of occurrence of traffic accidents, , and passed from desire object in twentieth century, to be subject to risks nowadays, impacting on people's quality of life and is considered a health public problem that poses a risk of life, causing diseases and may even cause death. Therefore, if nothing is done to mitigate the high levels achieved it will becomes to one of the leading causes of death from external causes in Brazil and in the world. The objective of this thesis was to analyze the traffic accident database with motorcycles occurred in Campina Grande city - PB, in 2014, making use of Geographic Information Systems associated with Spatial Statistics tools, based on the verification and identification of specific trends of this type of traffic accidents to check the occurrence of critical areas. For this we used qualitative, quantitative procedure and a rigorous analysis of the database provided by the Public Transport and Traffic System - STTP to later perform the application of the Kernel estimator in Statistical Software R. Thereby we can conclude that using Kernel estimator heat map, incorporated into the statistical software R version 3.2.2, provided good results. Helping to preview of the variation and intensity, which the database behaved over the 2014 period.
A motocicleta é o meio de transporte mais vulnerável a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsitos, e passou de um objeto de desejo do século XX, para ser objeto de riscos nos dias atuais, impactando na qualidade de vida da população, sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública que representa um risco à vida, produzindo doença, podendo até provocar a morte. Portanto, se nada for feito para amenizar os altos índices alcançados na atualidade, irá se tornar uma das principais causas de mortes por causas externas do Brasil e do mundo. O objetivo da presente dissertação foi realizar uma análise nos dados de acidentes de trânsito com motocicletas ocorridos no município de Campina Grande – PB, no ano de 2014, fazendo- se uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas associados a ferramentas de Estatística Espacial e partindo da verificação e identificação de tendências pontuais deste tipo de acidentes de trânsito, até a verificação da ocorrência de áreas críticas. Para isto utilizou-se de procedimento qualitativos, quantitativos e de uma análise minuciosa ao banco de dados fornecidos pela Superintendência de Trânsito e Transportes Públicos (STTP), para posteriormente realizar a aplicação do estimador de Kernel no Software Estatístico R. Com isto podemos concluir que a utilização do mapa de calor do estimador de Kernel, incorporados ao software Estatístico R versão 3.2.2, forneceram bons resultados. Está Ferramenta permitirá uma visualização quanto a variação e intensidade ao longo do período do ano de 2014.
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Novak, Fabiana Buhrer. "Negação do risco de acidente no trânsito: um estudo de representações sociais com motociclistas em Pato Branco." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2584.

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Cada sujeito delimita o ambiente e sobre ele atua a partir de suas representações, informações, experiências e vivências cotidianas em seu tempo e espaço. As percepções de risco dos sujeitos além de estarem ligadas a questões de ambiente, cultura e o senso comum dos sujeitos, estão ligadas aos sistemas peritos nos quais confiamos. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação apresenta resultados de uma investigação cuja finalidade foi analisar as relações entre as representações sociais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito e comportamento no trânsito de um grupo de motofretistas e mototaxistas de Pato Branco, Paraná, em relação à prática de condução, manutenção do veículo e experiência profissional, bem como suas representações sociais sobre risco de acidente nesse ambiente. Participaram da pesquisa 25 profissionais portadores de Carteira Nacional de Habilitação para conduzir motocicleta. Os dados foram coletados através de um teste de evocação de palavras, cujo termo indutor foi Risco no Trânsito e por um questionário estruturado que visava identificar que elementos presentes no trânsito são considerados de risco pelos participantes e identificar o perfil dos mesmos no tocante à experiência profissional, à prática de pilotagem e à manutenção do veículo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os elementos acidente, imprudência, alta velocidade e desrespeito, são os elementos mais salientes das representações socais sobre risco de acidente no trânsito, evocados mediante o termo indutor utilizado. A investigação priorizou a elucidação de elementos que se escondem por trás de pressões normativas, isto é, a zona muda das representações sociais. Os resultados apontam que a rotina de convivência com os riscos está gerando a negação do risco, o que parece estar levando os participantes deste estudo a desenvolver estratégias cognitivas de minimização do risco e de imunidade à ameaça.
Each subject delimits the environment and acts on it from their representations, information, experiences and everyday experiences in their time and space. The subjects' perceptions of risk, besides being linked to issues of environment, culture and the common sense of the subjects, are linked to the expert systems in which we trust. In this sense, the present dissertation presents results of an investigation whose purpose was to analyze the relations between the social representations about traffic accident risk and traffic behavior of a group of motorcycle drivers of Pato Branco, Paraná, in relation to driving practice, vehicle maintenance and professional experience, as well as their social representations about accident risk in that environment. Twenty-five professionals participated in the survey carrying a National Driver's License to drive a motorcycle. The data were collected through a word evocation test, whose inductive term was Risk in Traffic and a structured questionnaire that aimed to identify which elements present in the traffic are considered risk by the participants and to identify the profile of them in relation to professional experience, the practice of pilotage and the maintenance of the vehicle. The results showed that the elements accident, recklessness, high speed and disrespect are the most salient elements of the social representations about risk of traffic accidents, evoked by the term inductor used. The investigation prioritized the elucidation of elements that hide behind normative pressures, that is, the zone changes of the social representations. The results point out that the risk coexistence routine is generating the risk denial, which seems to be leading the participants of this study to develop cognitive strategies of risk minimization and immunity to the threat.
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Books on the topic "Accidents rate of motorcyclists"

1

Silva, Ricardo Barbosa da. Os motoboys no globo da morte: Circulação no espaço e trabalho precário na cidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: FAPESP, 2011.

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Motorcycle Riders Club of America, ed. Ultimate street strategies: Riding hard, smart and safe : for advanced motorcyclists. Minnetonka, Minnesota: Motorcycle Riders Club of America under license from MBI Publishing, 2007.

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Bertoncello, Rodolfo, Rosa N. Geldstein, Carolina Peterlini, César Thomas, and Laura Bosque. Aspectos demográficos y sociales de los accidentes de tránsito en áreas seleccionadas de la Argentina: Diagnóstico y aportes para el diseño de políticas y programas de prevención : becas "Ramón Carrillo-Arturo Oñativia," estudio colaborativo multicéntrico. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud y Ambiente de la Nación, 2006.

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Motumah, Linus Kiambati. An evaluation of collision rate trends on daylight headlight sections in California. [Sacramento]: California Dept. of Transportation, 1996.

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Wilmot, Chester. Effect of speed limit increase on crash rate on rural two-lane highways in Louisiana. Baton Rouge, La: Louisiana Transportation Research Center, 2006.

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China, United States Congressional-Executive Commission on. Coal mine safety in China: Can the accident rate be reduced? : roundtable before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, December 10, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Riding with Rilke: Reflections on motorcycles and books. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2006.

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Office, General Accounting. Highway safety: Motorcycle helmet laws save lives and reduce costs to society : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.

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Office, General Accounting. Highway safety: Causes of injury in automobile crashes : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Highway safety: Reliability and validity of DOT crash tests : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accidents rate of motorcyclists"

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Takahashi, Akiko, and Takashi Miura. "At What Age Is the Occupational Accident Risk High? Analysis of the Occurrence Rate of Occupational Accidents by Age." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41929-9_1.

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Hilton, Claire. "Difficult Diseases: Tuberculosis and Other Infections." In Civilian Lunatic Asylums During the First World War, 213–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54871-1_7.

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Abstract The pre-war annual asylum death rate of under ten per cent rose to 12 per cent in 1915–1916, and 20 per cent in 1918. There was little alarm, because causes of death were the same as pre-war, often infectious diseases, so it did not indicate staff failing in their duty of care, such as if the rise been attributed to “accidents” or suicide. Little was done to stem the rising death rate. A parallel rise did not occur in community dwelling civilians. Numerous practices, known to be unhygienic, risked spreading infection. They included: treating healthy and infectious patients together in open wards; lack of hand washing by laundry and kitchen workers and by patients after using the lavatory; lack of measures to prevent inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis; and drying soiled underclothing in the ward to be worn again without washing. Overcrowding, understaffing and war time austerity aggravated the situation.
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Arnanto, A. B., and A. Subroto. "Prediction and mitigation of ship accidents mortality rate." In Advances in Business, Management and Entrepreneurship, 725–29. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003131465-156.

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Srinivasan, Sumeeta. "The Potential for Rail Transit as a Way to Mitigate Accident Risk." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 23–39. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0084-1.ch002.

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The city of Chennai has made road accident data available with the address location of road accidents and the total numbers of persons and pedestrians affected in the accident in 2009. These data were geocoded to locate the accidents with respect to the census wards within the Chennai Corporation area. Both the total number of persons as well as pedestrians in accidents as well as the rate of accidents normalized by population in the ward were modeled as dependent variables using Poisson based regression models to see the effect of location characteristics such as road length, vehicle traffic, proximity to existing and proposed transit infrastructure and the percentage of the land developed between 1991-2009. The results from the models suggest that location does indeed affect the risk for accidents in Chennai and that planners in the city may need to better understand the implications of roads, urban development, transit access and the built environment for traffic safety.
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Sowmya, B. J., Chetan Shetty, S. Seema, and K. G. Srinivasa. "Effective Prevention and Reduction in the Rate of Accidents Using Internet of Things and Data Analytics." In Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services, 114–41. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch006.

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Hundreds of lives in India are lost each day due to the delayed medical response. In the present scenario, the victims completely rely on the passersby for almost every kind of medical help such as informing the hospital or ambulance. This project aims to automate the process of detecting and reporting accidents using accident detection kits in vehicles. The kit has a system on chip and various sensors which sense various parameters that change drastically during the occurrence of accidents such as the vibration levels, orientation of vehicles with respect to the ground. The accident is said to occur when these values cross the permissible threshold limit. As soon as this happens, the latitude and longitude of the accident spot is tracked using the GPS module present in the kit. The nearest hospital and police station is computed by the GPS module, which uses the latitude and longitude values as the input. The accident notifications are sent to the concerned hospital and police station over the web interface accordingly. The assignment of particular ambulance and the required traffic policemen to the accident cases is done using the web interface. The android application guides the ambulance driver as well as the policemen to the accident spot and also helps in the detailed registration of the accidents. The closest doctor facility and police headquarters is processed by the GPS module, which utilizes the scope and longitude esteems as the information. The accident warnings are sent to the concerned healing facility and police headquarters over the web interface as needs be. The task of specific rescue vehicle and policemen to the accident cases is finished utilizing the web interface. An intelligent analysis of the last five years' rich dataset uncovers the patterns followed by the accidents and gives valuable insights on how to deploy the existing resources such as ambulances and traffic-police efficiently. Various types of analysis are done to identify the cause-effect relationships and deal with this in a better way. Such technical solutions to the frequently occurring problems would result in saving many lives as well as making the cities safer and smarter.
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Sowmya B. J., Chetan Shetty, Seema S., and Srinivasa K. G. "Effective Prevention and Reduction in the Rate of Accidents Using Internet of Things and Data Analytics." In Exploring Critical Approaches of Evolutionary Computation, 99–121. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5832-3.ch006.

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Hundreds of lives in India are lost each day due to the delayed medical response. In the present scenario, the victims completely rely on the passersby for almost every kind of medical help such as informing the hospital or ambulance. This project aims to automate the process of detecting and reporting accidents using accident detection kits in vehicles. The kit has a system on chip and various sensors which sense various parameters that change drastically during the occurrence of accidents such as the vibration levels, orientation of vehicles with respect to the ground. The accident is said to occur when these values cross the permissible threshold limit. As soon as this happens, the latitude and longitude of the accident spot is tracked using the GPS module present in the kit. The nearest hospital and police station is computed by the GPS module, which uses the latitude and longitude values as the input. The accident notifications are sent to the concerned hospital and police station over the web interface accordingly. The assignment of particular ambulance and the required traffic policemen to the accident cases is done using the web interface. The android application guides the ambulance driver as well as the policemen to the accident spot and also helps in the detailed registration of the accidents. The closest doctor facility and police headquarters is processed by the GPS module, which utilizes the scope and longitude esteems as the information. The accident warnings are sent to the concerned healing facility and police headquarters over the web interface as needs be. The task of specific rescue vehicle and policemen to the accident cases is finished utilizing the web interface. An intelligent analysis of the last five years' rich dataset uncovers the patterns followed by the accidents and gives valuable insights on how to deploy the existing resources such as ambulances and traffic-police efficiently. Various types of analysis are done to identify the cause-effect relationships and deal with this in a better way. Such technical solutions to the frequently occurring problems would result in saving many lives as well as making the cities safer and smarter.
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Shinoda, T., and N. Fukuchi. "A Safety assessment for marine accidents considering mental stress based on measuring heart rate variability." In Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Ocean and Coastal Resources, 1521–27. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833728.ch187.

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Benson Mansingh, P. M., G. Sekar, and T. Joby Titus. "Vehicle Collision Avoidance System Using Li-Fi." In Ubiquitous Computing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98616.

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In recent times, large numbers of road accidents occurring all over the world are mainly due to collisions between vehicles. More than 1.2 million peoples were died in road accidents in 2019, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Human safety features are much needed in the manufacturing of vehicles. The proposed method mainly focuses on reducing the number of accidents in our daily lives by avoiding collision between the vehicles. There are several factors corresponding to such difficult conditions that may results in death or disabilities. The causes are sudden loss of concentration of the driver, braking failure and stability issues. These criteria can be reduced only if there is a possibility for communication between the vehicles and the drivers in order to avoid accidents. There are various vehicular communication system models like Dedicated Short Range Communication and Vehicular Ad-Hoc network operating less than 5.9 GHz. These radio frequency based communication also has some limitations such as interference, congested spectrum and security. These drawbacks can be reduced by implementing the Visible Light Communication (VLC) in vehicles. It provides larger bandwidth, security, interference immunity, and high data rate. High speed data transmission and reception can be achieved using visible light based data communication system. This technology is known as Light Fidelity (Li-Fi). This chapter presents the innovative method to evade collision between two vehicles (rear and front). This communication system is cost effective with high speed data rate capabilities.
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Kortli, Yassin, Mehrez Marzougui, and Mohamed Atri. "A Novel Real-Time Lighting-Invariant Lane Departure Warning System." In Security and Privacy in Smart Sensor Networks, 231–52. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5736-4.ch011.

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In recent years, in order to minimize traffic accidents, developing driving assistance systems for security has attracted much attention. Lane detection is an essential element of avoiding accidents and enhancing driving security. In this chapter, the authors implement a novel real-time lighting-invariant lane departure warning system. The proposed methodology works well in different lighting conditions, such as in poor conditions. The experimental results and accuracy evaluation indicates the efficiency of the system proposed for lane detection. The correct detection rate averages 97% and exceeds 95.6% in poor conditions. Furthermore, the entire process has only 29 ms per frame.
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Jung, Sebin. "Finding a Smart Technical System for Mitigating the Elderly's Driving Accidents." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 22–45. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9530-6.ch002.

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Driving-related injuries associated with elderly drivers are on the rise although the overall rate of driving-related injuries has decreased. To determine the causes of this trend, this chapter introduces the characteristics of the elderly's aging health conditions and driving behaviours, and also explains existing vehicle systems that use different safety technologies to promote safe driving. This chapter will show that for the most part, current systems are not created by people with driving difficulties caused by health problems, which in turn often afflict the elderly. Moreover, based on an elderly focus group with declining body conditions, this chapter uses an interview to discover the problems they encounter while driving and demonstrates how new system concepts can be developed for the elderly. Finally, this chapter proposes adequate system concepts for the elderly as a solution that would improve driving safety and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for this population.
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Conference papers on the topic "Accidents rate of motorcyclists"

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Krishnan, Prashant V., Vivek Chandra Sheel, M. V. S. Viswanadh, Chetan Shetty, and S. Seema. "Data Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents to Minimize the rate of Accidents." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Computational Systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csitss.2018.8768736.

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Chen, Yu-Ren, Chang-Ming Tsai, Ka-Io Wong, Tzu-Chang Lee, Chee-Hoe Loh, Jia-Ching Ying, and Yi-Chung Chen. "Motorcyclists' Head Motions Recognition by Using the Smart Helmet with Low Sampling Rate." In 2019 Twelfth International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing (Ubi-Media). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ubi-media.2019.00038.

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Zhang, Jianjun. "Road accidents and motorization rate in China." In International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environmental Engineering (CTEE 12). Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ctee120291.

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Wojciech, Drozd. "Analysis of the rate accidents in construction using decision trees." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5043875.

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Berrones Sanz, Luis David, and Victoria Alejandra Muro Báez. "Accidentes viales de los motociclistas en México: subgrupos y factores de riesgo." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.2172.

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Motorcycling as a means of transportation has grown rapidly in Mexico. In the last decade, the number of motorcycles increased 338.05%, which means that motorbikes represent 5.97% of the total number of vehicles in the country. During this period, however, the annual average shows that 3.16% of motorcyclists had an accident, which is proof that motorcycle riders are vulnerable users with high risks in terms of road safety. The objective of this research is to identify the subgroups of motorcyclers with higher accident risks and to identify risk factors. The sample for the quantitative study included all motorbike riders who died or were injured as a result of a reported road accident, between 2000 and 2014. The sample was obtained using the database at the National Institute for Statistics and Geography and the General Direction of Health Information. Descriptive variables were determined for all the categories and were matched to the death cause to find statistical correlation. These systems of information registrered, during 2014 in Mexico, more than 41,881 accidents and 826 deaths caused by motorcycle accident. The highest number of accidents involved men (P&lt;0.001) between 20 and 30 years old, where 20.55% had head injuries and only 16.59% of bikers were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. This combination – age 20-30, male gender and not wearing a helmet – seems to be a powerful risk factor. However, accidents are largely underreported due to the fact that the format used to receive attention after suffering a violent attack or injury (SIS-SS-127-P) does not include the motorcycle as an agent of injury. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance to create a reliable statistical system and promote a good road safety culture together with protective factors and safety equipment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2172
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Zameer, Anjum, Mohammed Saqib, Vikas Rao Naidu, and Imran Ahmed. "IoT and Big Data for Decreasing Mortality rate in Accidents and Critical illnesses." In 2019 4th MEC International Conference on Big Data and Smart City (ICBDSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbdsc.2019.8645579.

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Koley, Subha, Saket Srivastava, and Prasun Ghosal. "Correlating Fatality Rate to Road Accidents in India: A Case Study Using Big Data." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems (iSES) (Formerly iNiS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ises.2018.00045.

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Robielos, Rex Aurelius C., Jan Michael V. De Guzman, Mary Grace C. Malapitan, and Diana Ross A. Tan. "Assessment of motorcycle driving on the increasing rate of road accidents in Metro Manila." In 2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference (SEANES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seanes.2012.6299578.

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Paliulis, Grazvydas Mykolas, Vidualdas Valeika, and Egidijus Skrodenis. "General Trends of Accident Rate in Vilnius City when Implementing Transport Humanization and Forming the Functionally Integrated Urbanistic Structures." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.114.

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The paper concerns the present situation of road safety in Vilnius City, the capital of Lithuania of road safety in Vilnius City, the capital of Lithuania. Vilnius has the largest number of vehicles and the largets level of car ownership in Lithuania. The detailed analysis and audit of accidents in Vilnius City enabled to determine general trends of accident rate and the black spots, to estimate the effect of measures implemented and their general trends, to identify street sections and intersections with the highest accident concentration. The number of fatal and injury accidents in Vilnius City has been considerably decreasing since 2007 (1029 accidents). In 2015, 596 accidents occurred where 18 road users were killed and 671 were injured. In 2015, compared to 2014, the number of fatal and injury accidents in Vilnius decreased by 7.17 %, the number of people killed – by 31.38 % and of people injured – by 5.36 %.
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Moradi, Rasoul, Shashikumar Ramamurthy, Chandrashekhar K. Thorbole, Prasannakumar S. Bhonge, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcyclist Impact on Concrete Barriers Under Different Road Conditions." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37461.

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In many countries, motorcycle crashes constitutes a significant proportion of road crash injuries. Several roadside guard systems such as concrete barriers, wire road barriers and steel guard rails are used to protect cars or heavy trucks occupants, yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to these barriers and guard systems, resulting in major injuries. The road and climatic conditions also have a major impact on motorcyclists’ accidents. The safety measures can be successful only if more attention is devoted to this issue. The aim of this study is to understand the most influential factors causing motorcycle accidents. For this, a multi-body motorcycle model with a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy rider is developed under normal road condition in the MADYMO 6.3. The motorcycle model as well as the motorcycle and rider model has been validated using full scale crash test of a motorcycle with a rider available in a literature. Motorcycle kinematics, rider kinematics and the rider injury criteria are validated with the test results. The simulations results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the nature of crash injuries for various impact speeds, different impact angles and for normal and icy road conditions to assess rider kinematics and potential injuries. The results from this study can help in designing road barriers and guard systems in order to protect the occupants of cars and motorcycles. The results from the parametric study indicate a significant difference on the motorcycle and rider kinematics when compared the icy road conditions to normal road conditions. It is also observed that the head injury risk is the major mode of injury in motorcycle accident.
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