Journal articles: 'Acclimatization/adaptation'

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Moseley, Pope L. "Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 1413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1413.

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Moseley, Pope L. Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1413–1417, 1997.—Adaptation to heat may occur through acclimatization or thermotolerance; however, the linkage of these phenomena is poorly understood. The importance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in thermotolerance and differences in their accumulation in organisms adapted to the heat suggest a role for HSPs in acclimatization as well. The role of HSPs in heat adaptation of the whole organism and the interrelationships among heat adaptation, endotoxin tolerance, and cytokine resistance through HSPs are reviewed.

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BUDDEMEIER, ROBERT W., and STEPHEN V. SMITH. "Coral Adaptation and Acclimatization: A Most Ingenious Paradox." American Zoologist 39, no. 1 (February 1999): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/39.1.1.

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Gonzales, Gustavo. "Importance of Testosterone on Adaptation at High Altitude." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 2, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2015.043.

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Adaptation or natural acclimatization results from the interaction between genetic variations and acclimatization resulting in individuals with ability to live and reproduce without problems at high altitudes. Testosterone is a hormone that increases erythropoiesis and inhibits ventilation. It could therefore, be associated to the adaptation to high altitudes. Excessive erythrocytosis, which in turn will develop chronic mountain sickness is caused by low arterial oxygen saturation and ventilatory inefficiency and blunted ventilatory response to hypoxia. Testosterone is elevated in natives at high altitude with excessive erythrocytosis (>21 g /dl hemoglobin in men and >19 g/dl in women). Natives from the Peruvian central Andes with chronic mountain sickness express gene SENP1 that enhances the activity of the androgen receptor. Results of the current investigations suggest that increase in serum testosterone and hemoglobin is not adequate for adaptation to high altitude.

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Febriyani, Sustri, Dwi W. Ganefianti, Atra Romeida, and Reny Herawati. "Acclimatization of Pencil Orchid (Papillionanthe hookeriana Rehb.f) as Affected by Different Types of Planting Media and Fertilizing Frequency." Akta Agrosia 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.22.1.36-41.

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Acclimatization is a process of an environmental adaptation from heterotrophic conditions to autotrophic conditions. In order to be successful in acclimatization, it requires proper planting media and enough nutrition supply. The objective of this experiment were to determine the best planting media and the best spraying frequency of leaf fertilizer on Pencil orchid growth during acclimatization period. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design, arranged in factorial (2 factors, 3 replications). The first factor was type of planting media: Coconut Coil, Rockwool, Wood Shavings, and Fern Roots. The second factor tested was fertilizing frequencies: every 2 days, every 3 days, and every 4 days. The results showed that the best media for acclimatization of Pencil orchid was fern root fertilized every four days, the best media for growing Pencil orchid was fern root and Wood Shavings, and the best fertilizing frequency to promote Pencil orchid growth were every 3 days or every 4 days.Keywords: Pencil orchid, acclimatization, planting media, fertilization

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Yanqoritha, Nyimas, Muhammad Turmuzi, Irvan Irvan, Fatimah Batubara, and Ilmi Ilmi. "Acclimatization Process on Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (HUASBR) using Bioball as Growth Media with OLR Variation for Treating Tofu Wastewater." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2018): 3100–3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340654.

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Wastewater of tofu industry contains very high organic content, then anaerobic process is the most suitable for degrading this liquid waste. The hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASBR) was applied in this study because it has the advantage in ensuring good contact between biomass and substrate where a suspension medium and anaerobic filter are able to withstand more biomass in the attached media. Processing Anaerobic process is carried out with the help of bacteria where bacteria need seeding and acclimatization. Acclimatization is the process of adaptation of microorganisms to wastewater to be treated. This adaptation process is carried out by adding waste water from the smallest concentration to the actual concentration. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in organic load rate (OLR) on the acclimatization process in removing COD, biogas production in accordance with the pH of the anaerobic degradation process so that the optimal process of the acclimatization process can be obtained. In this study, the acclimatization process took 200 days with variation of OLR in the range of 1.5 - 5.9 kg COD m-3 d-1 at HRT 24 hours and flow rate up (Vup) of 0.08 m/h. The objective of OLR variation was to evaluate acclimatization process on the HUASBR performance during process optimization. The highest biogas production and removal efficiency of COD were achieved in pH range of 6.5 - 7.6. While, the highest COD removal efficiency obtained was 86.57% on the 140th day and biogas production 7700 ml for OLR 4.8 kg COD m-3d-1 at HRT 24 h. Consequently, the optimum OLR for treating the tofu wastewater could be achieved up to 4.8 kg COD m-3d-1 and HRT 24h.

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Hanna, Elizabeth, and Peter Tait. "Limitations to Thermoregulation and Acclimatization Challenge Human Adaptation to Global Warming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2015): 8034–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120708034.

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Nardocci, Gino, Nicolas G. Simonet, Cristina Navarro, Gernot Längst, and Marco Alvarez. "Differential enrichment of TTF-I and Tip5 in the T-like promoter structures of the rDNA contribute to the epigenetic response of Cyprinus carpio during environmental adaptation." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 94, no. 4 (August 2016): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0015.

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To ensure homeostasis, ectothermic organisms adapt to environmental variations through molecular mechanisms. We previously reported that during the seasonal acclimatization of the common carp Cyprinus carpio, molecular and cellular functions are reprogrammed, resulting in distinctive traits. Importantly, the carp undergoes a drastic rearrangement of nucleolar components during adaptation. This ultrastructural feature reflects a fine modulation of rRNA gene transcription. Specifically, we identified the involvement of the transcription termination factor I (TTF-I) and Tip-5 (member of nucleolar remodeling complex, NoRC) in the control of rRNA transcription. Our results suggest that differential Tip5 enrichment is essential for silencing carp ribosomal genes and that the T0 element is key for regulating the ribosomal gene during the acclimatization process. Interestingly, the expression and content of Tip5 were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Since carp ribosomal gene expression is lower in the winter than in summer, and considering that expression concomitantly occurs with nucleolar ultrastructural changes of the acclimatization process, these results indicate that Tip5 importantly contributes to silencing the ribosomal genes. In conclusion, the current study provides novel evidence on the contributions of TTF-I and NoRC in the environmental reprogramming of ribosomal genes during the seasonal adaptation process in carp.

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Signore, Anthony V., and Jay F. Storz. "Biochemical pedomorphosis and genetic assimilation in the hypoxia adaptation of Tibetan antelope." Science Advances 6, no. 25 (June 2020): eabb5447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5447.

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Developmental shifts in stage-specific gene expression can provide a ready mechanism of phenotypic change by altering the rate or timing of ontogenetic events. We found that the high-altitude Tibetan antelope (Panthelops hodgsonii) has evolved an adaptive increase in blood-O2 affinity by truncating the ancestral ontogeny of globin gene expression such that a high-affinity juvenile hemoglobin isoform (isoHb) completely supplants the lower-affinity isoHb that is expressed in the adult red blood cells of other bovids. This juvenilization of blood properties represents a canalization of an acclimatization response to hypoxia that has been well documented in adult goats and sheep. We also found the genomic mechanism underlying this regulatory isoHb switch, revealing how a reversible acclimatization response became genetically assimilated as an irreversible adaptation to chronic hypoxia.

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Yustiningsih, Maria. "Intensitas Cahaya dan Efisiensi Fotosintesis pada Tanaman Naungan dan Tanaman Terpapar Cahaya Langsung." Bio-Edu: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi 4, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jbe.v4i2.385.

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Plant growth and productivity influenced by light. Sunlight activates light-dependent reactions or LDR and Calvin cycle or LIR in plant. Different light intensity induce change of LDR and LIR. Adaptation through efficiency of photon absorption, regulation of photosystem II - photosystem I, and carbon fixation can make photosynthesis efficiently. This paper aims to review research on photosynthesis mechanism in sun and shade plants. Alteration of light absorption in plants produce morphological and physiological adaptations. Plant adaptation mechanism use sieve effect, light channeling, and acclimatization. Distribution of chlorophyll in both types of plants changed the photosynthesis photon flux density. Propagation and distribution of light needed through vacuoles to minimize the distance on electron transport chain. Physiological acclimatization accelerates by changing the composition of chlorophyll and PSII / PSI ratio. Shade plants have a high ratio PS II / PSI and high ratio chlorophyll a / b to increase the light-harvesting complex and make photosynthesis efficiently.

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Coles, Steve L., Keisha D. Bahr, Ku’ulei S. Rodgers, Stacie L. May, Ashley E. McGowan, Anita Tsang, Josh Bumgarner, and Ji Hoon Han. "Evidence of acclimatization or adaptation in Hawaiian corals to higher ocean temperatures." PeerJ 6 (August 7, 2018): e5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5347.

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Ocean temperatures have been accelerating at an alarming rate mainly due to anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. This has led to an increase in the severity and duration of coral bleaching events. Predicted projections for the state of reefs do not take into account the rates of adaptation or acclimatization of corals as these have not as yet been fully documented. To determine any possible changes in thermal tolerances, manipulative experiments were conducted to precisely replicate the initial, pivotal research defining threshold temperatures of corals nearly five decades ago. Statistically higher calcification rates, survivorship, and lower mortality were observed inMontipora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis, andLobactis scutariain the present study at 31 °C compared to the original 1970 findings. First whole colony mortality was also observed to occur sooner in 1970 than in 2017 inM. capitata(3 d vs. 15 d respectively),L. scutaria(3 d vs. 17 d), and inP. damicornis(3 d vs. 13 d). Additionally, bleaching occurred sooner in 1970 compared to the 2017 experiment across species. Irradiance was an important factor during the recovery period for mortality but did not significantly alter calcification. Mortality was decreased by 17% with a 50% reduction in irradiance during the recovery period. These findings provide the first evidence of coral acclimatization or adaptation to increasing ocean temperatures for corals collected from the same location and using close replication of the experiment conducted nearly 50 years earlier. An important factor in this increased resistance to elevated temperature may be related to removal of the discharge of treated sewage into Kāne‘ohe Bay and resulting decrease in nitrification and eutrophication. However, this level of increased temperature tolerance may not be occurring rapidly enough to escape the projected increased intensity of bleaching events, as evidenced by the recent 2014 and 2015 high coral mortality in Hawai‘i (34%) and in the tropics worldwide.

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Higashi, Y., and H. Seki. "Ecological adaptation and acclimatization of natural freshwater phytoplankters with a nutrient gradient." Environmental Pollution 109, no. 2 (August 2000): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00255-9.

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Luo, Yongjun, Yuxiao Wang, Hongxiang Lu, and Yuqi Gao. "‘Ome’ on the range: update on high-altitude acclimatization/adaptation and disease." Mol. BioSyst. 10, no. 11 (2014): 2748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mb00119b.

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Hrytsak, L. R., and N. M. Drobyk. "Modern technologies of increasing the tolerance of in vitro cultured plants to ex vitro conditions." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1347.

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Aim. To analyze the experience of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies to increase the adaptive potential of cultivated in vitro plants to ex vitro conditions. Results. Modern acclimatization technologies are mainly aimed at improving the methods of adaptation of planting material of in vitro collections to ex vitro conditions. Much less attention is paid to technologies to increase plant resilience at the stage of their multiplication and growth in vitro. Integration and systematization of research results of a large number of scientists is allowed to describe the main strategies and methodological techniques, which implementation can significantly increase the adaptive potential of in vitro plants. Conclusions. Optimization of physical and chemical conditions of plant cultivation in vitro can induce changes in their phenotype, intensity of photosynthetic reactions, water balance, which increases the adaptive potential of plants and facilitates the process of their acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. Key words: in vitro plants, acclimatization to ex vitro conditions, adaptive potential, technology.

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Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos, Renato Abreu Lima, Maria das Graças Rodrigues Ferreira, Josilene Felix Rocha, Marcelo Curitiba Espíndola, and Enrique Anastácio Alves. "Acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of Coffea canephora." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v5n1.santos.

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Coffea canephora is the predominant species in the state of Rondônia, due to its adaptation to soil and climatic conditions in the region. The acclimatization comprises a set of techniques and procedures that are designed to adapt plantlets to field conditions, heterotrophic to autotrophic condition. This work aimed to evaluate conditions of acclimatization of plantlets of C. canephora in relation to the initial stages of seedling development, levels of shading and acclimatization period. In the first experiment, we used three stages of micropropagated plants: "torpedoes", "sprouted" and "seedling" and two levels of shading, 30 and 50% in 3 x 2 factorial. The plants were weighed and placed individually in cells containing the trays Plantmax®. After 30 days, there was survival, plant length, leaf number and fresh weight. The second experiment evaluated three periods of acclimatization at 30, 45 and 60 days, after the seedlings were transferred to field conditions in plastic bags. After 90 days of the deployment of the experiment, there was survival, plant length, leaf number and the ratio between initial and final weight of the seedlings. The developmental stage "seedlings" resulted in increased survival and plant development stages in relation to "torpedo" and "sprouted." The shading of 50% resulted in increased survival and plant growth than 30%. The acclimatization period of 30 days did not differ significantly from the periods of 45 and 60 days, the most suited for this application.

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Yampolsky, Lev Y., Tobias M. M. Schaer, and Dieter Ebert. "Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation for temperature tolerance in freshwater zooplankton." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1776 (February 7, 2014): 20132744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2744.

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Many organisms have geographical distributions extending from the tropics to near polar regions or can experience up to 30°C temperature variation within the lifespan of an individual. Two forms of evolutionary adaptation to such wide ranges in ambient temperatures are frequently discussed: local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. The freshwater planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, whose range extends from South Africa to near arctic sites, shows strong phenotypic and genotypic variation in response to temperature. In this study, we use D. magna clones from 22 populations (one clone per population) ranging from latitude 0° (Kenya) to 66° North (White Sea) to explore the contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to high temperature tolerance. Temperature tolerance was studied as knockout time (time until immobilization, T imm ) at 37°C in clones acclimatized to either 20°C or 28°C. Acclimatization to 28°C strongly increased T imm , testifying to adaptive phenotypic plasticity. At the same time, T imm significantly correlated with average high temperature at the clones’ sites of origin, suggesting local adaptation. As earlier studies have found that haemoglobin expression contributes to temperature tolerance, we also quantified haemoglobin concentration in experimental animals and found that both acclimatization temperature (AccT) and temperature at the site of origin are positively correlated with haemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, Daphnia from warmer climates upregulate haemoglobin much more strongly in response to AccT, suggesting local adaptation for plasticity in haemoglobin expression. Our results show that both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to temperature tolerance, and elucidate a possible role of haemoglobin in mediating these effects that differs along a cold–warm gradient.

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Ivanov, R. V., and L. N. Zakharova. "Problems of adaptation of imported specialized breeds of cattle." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-10.

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The experience of importing Simmental breed from Austria of beef cattle Hereford breed from Novosibirsk region, red steppe breed from the Altay Territory to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is analyzed. Acclimatization of imported livestock to the conditions of the Far North is hard. Of 471 heads of cattle of Austrian Simmental breed imported in 2007, 171 are currently left. The average milk production of cows per head is 2485 litres, the average figure for the Republic is 2364 litres. Of 200 heads of Herefords brought in 20112012, only 32 have remained. A brief description of the milk productivity of the red steppe breed in Yakutia is presented. Milk yield per cow amounted to 2630 litres in six lactations, which is 166 litres higher than the national average. Due to non-compliance with the requirements of the technology of keeping and feeding imported animals, 116 out of 200 imported cows have remained. The hematological parameters of cattle reflecting the state of the body's immune system during acclimatization are given. Adaptation of red steppe cows was difficult, but the hematological parameters corresponded to the physiological norm. Possible ways of developing livestock breeding programme in Yakutia to create a simmentalized Yakut zonal type of cattle, which is distinguished by exceptional adaptive abilities for keeping and feeding conditions, are proposed. Thanks to crossbreeding with Yakut cattle, the acclimatization and further breeding of imported specialized breeds and their crosses is successful. The ways of improving the technology of keeping and feeding cattle on the farms of the Republic are shown.

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JABER, Duaa Majed, and Faten Abas ALASADI. "FORM ADAPTATION AND FLOW OF MOVEMENT IN THE DESIGN OF INTERIOR SPACES." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.21.

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The study has completed (the role of formal acclimatization and activation of motion flow in the design of internal spaces), where the first chapter included the research problem that was identified by the following question: What is the formal adaptation of a design for internal spaces and what is the flow of movement in the design of internal spaces? , While the limits of the research were represented in the study of formal acclimatization through the manifestations and role of movement and flow in designing the internal spaces of student clubs in the colleges of the University of Babylon for the year 2016-2018. While the second chapter included previous studies and their discussion, with defining the theoretical framework within two topics: The first topic: specializing in the concept of adaptation in general. The second topic: includes the concept of movement in interior design. While the third chapter included: Research procedures and methodology, as the descriptive approach was adopted in the analysis, and the intentional sample of the research study models was chosen from the original research community. The fourth chapter also relied on a set of results reached by the research study, the most important of which were: Relative verification of what acclimatization constituted the main interface in all the research model despite the verification of the morphological diversity in the middle and lateral display sites. As for the most important conclusions, it emerged through the follow-up of a repeated formal system at the level of parts in most of the internal spaces of student clubs, which establishes a visual and mental stored scene in the presence of the recipient, and is a monotonous formal single at the macro level, as well as the research study included recommendations, proposals, and access to the list of Arab sources And foreign.

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Hura, Tomasz. "Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197423.

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Twelve articles (ten research papers and two reviews) included in the Special Issue entitled “Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress” are summed up here to present the latest research on the molecular background of adaptation to environmental stresses in two cereal species. Crucial research results were presented and discussed, as they may be of importance in breeding aimed at increasing wheat and barley tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

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Baldotto, Lílian Estrela Borges, Marihus Altoé Baldotto, Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas, Ricardo Bressan-Smith, and Fábio Lopes Olivares. "Growth promotion of pineapple 'vitória' by humic acids and burkholderia spp. during acclimatization." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 5 (October 2010): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000500012.

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In vitro propagation of pineapple produces uniform and disease-free plantlets, but requires a long period of acclimatization before transplanting to the field. Quicker adaptation to the ex vitro environment and growth acceleration of pineapple plantlets are prerequisites for the production of a greater amount of vigorous, well-rooted planting material. The combination of humic acids and endophytic bacteria could be a useful technological approach to reduce the critical period of acclimatization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial performance of tissue-cultured pineapple variety Vitória in response to application of humic acids isolated from vermicompost and plant growth-promoting bacteria (Burkholderia spp.) during greenhouse acclimatization. The basal leaf axils were treated with humic acids while roots were immersed in bacterial medium. Humic acids and bacteria application improved shoot growth (14 and 102 %, respectively), compared with the control; the effect of the combined treatment was most pronounced (147 %). Likewise, humic acids increased root growth by 50 %, bacteria by 81 % and the combined treatment by 105 %. Inoculation was found to significantly increase the accumulation of N (115 %), P (112 %) and K (69 %) in pineapple leaves. Pineapple growth was influenced by inoculation with Burkholderia spp., and further improved in combination with humic acids, resulting in higher shoot and root biomass as well as nutrient contents (N 132 %, P 131 %, K 80 %) than in uninoculated plantlets. The stability and increased consistency of the host plant response to bacterization in the presence of humic substances indicate a promising biotechnological tool to improve growth and adaptation of pineapple plantlets to the ex vitro environment.

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Berthelsen, Lindsey F., Graham M. Fraser, Lydia L. Simpson, Emily R. Vanden Berg, Stephen A. Busch, Andrew R. Steele, Victoria L. Meah, et al. "Highs and lows of sympathetic neurocardiovascular transduction: influence of altitude acclimatization and adaptation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 319, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): H1240—H1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00364.2020.

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This study has identified that sympathetically mediated blood pressure regulation is reduced following ascent to high altitude. Additionally, we show that high-altitude Andean natives have reduced blood pressure responsiveness to sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) outflow compared with Nepalese Sherpa. However, basal sympathetic activity is inversely related to the magnitude of SNA-mediated fluctuations in blood pressure regardless of population or condition. These data set a foundation to explore more precise mechanisms of blood pressure control under conditions of persistent sympathetic activation and hypoxia.

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Dressendorfer, R., and S. K. Hong. "17 CROSS-ADAPTATION TO ACUTE COLD STRESS AFTER HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION IN MARATHON RUNNERS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (May 1994): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-00018.

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WEIS, VIRGINIA M. "The susceptibility and resilience of corals to thermal stress: adaptation, acclimatization or both?" Molecular Ecology 19, no. 8 (April 2010): 1515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04575.x.

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Chongcharoen, Rotsaman, Thomas J. Smith, Kenneth P. Flint, and Howard Dalton. "Adaptation and acclimatization to formaldehyde in methylotrophs capable of high-concentration formaldehyde detoxification." Microbiology 151, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 2615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27912-0.

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Formaldehyde is a highly toxic chemical common in industrial effluents, and it is also an intermediate in bacterial metabolism of one-carbon growth substrates, although its role as a bacterial growth substrate per se has not been extensively reported. This study investigated two highly formaldehyde-resistant formaldehyde utilizers, strains BIP and ROS1; the former strain has been used for industrial remediation of formaldehyde-containing effluents. The two strains were shown by means of 16S rRNA characterization to be closely related members of the genus Methylobacterium. Both strains were able to use formaldehyde, methanol and a range of multicarbon compounds as their principal growth substrate. Growth on formaldehyde was possible up to a concentration of at least 58 mM, and survival at up to 100 mM was possible after stepwise acclimatization by growth at increasing concentrations of formaldehyde. At such high concentrations of formaldehyde, the cultures underwent a period of formaldehyde removal without growth before the formaldehyde concentration fell below 60 mM, and growth could resume. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and MS characterization of formaldehyde-induced proteins in strain BIP revealed that the pathways of formaldehyde metabolism, and adaptations to methylotrophic growth, were very similar to those seen in the well-characterized methanol-utilizing methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. Thus, it appears that many of the changes in protein expression that allow strain BIP to grow using high formaldehyde concentrations are associated with expression of the same enzymes used by M. extorquens AM1 to process formaldehyde as a metabolic intermediate during growth on methanol.

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Dixon, Groves, Yi Liao, Line K. Bay, and Mikhail V. Matz. "Role of gene body methylation in acclimatization and adaptation in a basal metazoan." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 52 (December 7, 2018): 13342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813749115.

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Gene body methylation (GBM) has been hypothesized to modulate responses to environmental change, including transgenerational plasticity, but the evidence thus far has been lacking. Here we show that coral fragments reciprocally transplanted between two distant reefs respond predominantly by increase or decrease in genome-wide GBM disparity: The range of methylation levels between lowly and highly methylated genes becomes either wider or narrower. Remarkably, at a broad functional level this simple adjustment correlated very well with gene expression change, reflecting a shifting balance between expressions of environmentally responsive and housekeeping genes. In our experiment, corals in a lower-quality habitat up-regulated genes involved in environmental responses, while corals in a higher-quality habitat invested more in housekeeping genes. Transplanted fragments showing closer GBM match to local corals attained higher fitness characteristics, which supports GBM’s role in acclimatization. Fixed differences in GBM between populations did not align with plastic GBM changes and were mostly observed in genes with elevated FST, which suggests that they arose predominantly through genetic divergence. However, we cannot completely rule out transgenerational inheritance of acquired GBM states.

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Valasevich, N., N. Kukharchyk, and T. Krasinska. "INFLUENCE OF ADAPTATION SUBSTRATES ON MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RASPBERRY PLANTLETS DURING ACCLIMATIZATION EX VITRO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 812 (February 2009): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.812.57.

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Nurajab, Elzas. "Hubungan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani dengan Aklimatisasi Pendaki Gunung." Jurnal Olahraga 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37742/jo.v5i1.97.

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The This study aims to prove the relationship between the level of physical fitness towards the acclimatization of mountain climbers in the sireum sukabumi dampal nature lovers community. This research is a descriptive study with a correlational design. The population used was all the 20 dampal sireum nature lovers. The sampling technique uses total sampling taken from all populations. The sample was 20 people, the instruments used were the TKJI test and the questionnaire used to determine the results of acclimatization. The results of the study 1 person who possessed physical fitness level in the category did not experience Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), 3 people who possessed physical fitness level in the category of less experienced Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), 11 people who possessed physical fitness level in the category while not experiencing Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), 1 person who possessed physical fitness level in good category did not experience Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), while 3 people who possessed physical fitness level in the less experienced category Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), while 1 people who have physical fitness levels in the category are experiencing Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), the conclusion that the level of physical fitness of a climber does not have much effect on acclimatization that causes symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), because acclimatization is closely related to a person's adaptation process in a region with a weather he will face when at the place, several factors that influence such as the environment in which they live or their lifestyle habits.

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Pivotto, I. D., D. Nerini, M. Masmoudi, H. Kara, L. Chaoui, and D. Aurelle. "Highly contrasted responses of Mediterranean octocorals to climate change along a depth gradient." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (May 2015): 140493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140493.

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Climate change has a strong impact on marine ecosystems, including temperate species. Analysing the diversity of thermotolerance levels within species along with their genetic structure enables a better understanding of their potential response to climate change. We performed this integrative study on the Mediterranean octocoral Eunicella cavolini , with samples from different depths and by means of a common garden experiment. This species does not host photosynthetic Symbiodinium , enabling us to focus on the cnidarian response. We compared the thermotolerance of individuals from 20 m and 40 m depths from the same site and with replicates from the same colony. On the basis of an innovative statistical analysis of necrosis kinetics and risk, we demonstrated the occurrence of a very different response between depths at this local scale, with lower thermotolerance of deep individuals. Strongly thermotolerant individuals were observed at 20 m with necrosis appearing at higher temperatures than observed in situ . On the basis of nine microsatellite loci, we showed that these marked thermotolerance differences occur within a single population. This suggests the importance of acclimatization processes in adaptation to these different depths. In addition, differences between replicates demonstrated the occurrence of a variability of response between fragments from the same colony with the possibility of an interaction with a tank effect. Our results provide a basis for studying adaptation and acclimatization in Mediterranean octocorals in a heterogeneous environment.

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Jones, Hope, and Chieri Kubota. "(302) Photoautotrophic Micropropagation Systems Demonstrate Rooting Stage Improvement of Laelia purpurata var. alba." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1010D—1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1010d.

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In vitro culture of orchid plantlets within conventional photomixotrophic micropropagation (PMM) systems (sucrose containing media in a non-enriched CO2 environment) often induces vigorous growth and multiplication. However, transition to ex vitro conditions frequently results in significant plantlet loss during the acclimatization process. Recent studies investigating micropropagation within photoautotrophic (PAM) systems (sucrose-free media in enriched CO2 conditions) have demonstrated improved plantlet survival during the acclimatization period due to greater root growth and stomata adaptation. Laelia purpurata var. alba, an orchid with many endangered relatives, was chosen as a model orchid species to investigate if plantlet culture within PAM in vitro systems has the potential to improve propagation success and ex vitro survival of endangered Laelia species. Protocorm-like bodies with developed two fully extended leaves were transferred into PMM (photosynthetic photon flux 50 μmol·m-2·s-1 under non-enriched CO2 conditions) and PAM (photosynthetic photon flux 150 μmol·m-2·s-1, CO2 level enriched to 1500 μmol·mol-1) systems. After 6 weeks, plantlet rooting within the PMM system was variable and inconsistent, while all PAM plantlets produced healthy robust root systems. Average fresh weights and percent shoot development were not significantly different between treatments. Induction of improved root growth by PAM systems may improve orchid plantlet survival rates during acclimatization and advance our ability to increase endangered orchid populations.

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Cha-um, Suriyan, Ouk Puthea, and Chalermpol Kirdmanee. "An effective in-vitro acclimatization using uniconazole treatments and ex-vitro adaptation of Phalaenopsis orchid." Scientia Horticulturae 121, no. 4 (August 2009): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.027.

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Krüger, Eduardo L., Cintia A. Tamura, Peter Bröde, Marcel Schweiker, and Andreas Wagner. "Short- and long-term acclimatization in outdoor spaces: Exposure time, seasonal and heatwave adaptation effects." Building and Environment 116 (May 2017): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.02.001.

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Tisarum, Rujira, Thapanee Samphumphung, Cattarin Theerawitaya, Wittaya Prommee, and Suriyan Cha-um. "In vitro photoautotrophic acclimatization, direct transplantation and ex vitro adaptation of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 133, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1374-5.

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He, Jianzheng, Minghui Xiu, Xiaolong Tang, Feng Yue, Ningbo Wang, Shaobin Yang, and Qiang Chen. "The Different Mechanisms of Hypoxic Acclimatization and Adaptation in LizardPhrynocephalus vlangaliiLiving on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 319, no. 3 (January 14, 2013): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1776.

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Duchamp, C., H. Barre, D. Delage, J. L. Rouanet, F. Cohen-Adad, and Y. Minaire. "Nonshivering thermogenesis and adaptation to fasting in king penguin chicks." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): R744—R751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.4.r744.

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The ability to develop nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and the effect of fasting on thermogenic response to cold were studied in winter-acclimatized king penguin chicks. Metabolic rate (MR) and integrated electrical muscle activity were measured at different ambient temperatures. In cold-acclimatized (5 degrees C) fed chicks, shivering threshold temperature (STT) was 9.4 degrees C lower than lower critical temperature (LCT), indicating that NST (0.7 W/kg) occurs at moderate cold, whereas in control chicks fed and reared at 25 degrees C for 3 wk, LCT and STT were similar. Chicks reared in the cold and fasting for 3 wk or 4-5 mo (natural winter fast) developed an NST of 0.8 and 2.4 W/kg, respectively, despite the fast. In fasting chicks, the intercept of the metabolic curve with the abscissa at zero MR was far below body temperature, contrasting with the classic model for heat loss. Their low LCT indicates the capacity of a large reduction in convective conductance characteristic of diving animals and allows energy sparing in moderate cold. Below LCT, conductance reincreases progressively, leading to a steeper than expected slope of the metabolic curve and allowing preservation of a threshold temperature in the shell. These results show for the first time in a wild young bird the development of NST after cold acclimatization. Further, at the temperature of cold acclimatization, an energy-sparing mechanism is shown in response to long-term fast adaptation.

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Rakhmanov, Rofail Salykhovich, Elena Sergeevna Bogomolova, Andrey Vyacheslavovich Tarasov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Evdokimov. "Estimation of the incidence of university students studying in various courses." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2011-07.

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Using the example of a higher military educational institution, we conducted an analysis of the prevalence of diseases according to ICD-10 by years of study (n = 3381). Features among local students and visitors were: in long-term trends, an increase in ear diseases (more significant among visitors) and an equal rate of decrease in skin diseases and subcutaneous tissue, injuries; in the first year, significant differences in three, 2–4 courses — in two classes of diseases, in the pathogenesis of which the state of resistance of the organism is significant (some infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, skin and subcutaneous tissue); excess incidence of local first-year students and newcomers over rates in other courses, respectively, for classes 5 and 8 of diseases; differences in the incidence rate for adjacent years of study, which is important for determining the period of adaptation to the conditions of training and adaptation against the background of acclimatization. In local students, the prevalence of diseases in the first two courses was significantly higher than by 4–5 (data from the third to fifth courses did not differ), but for disease classes XI, XIII, XIX, prevalence persisted from 1–2 years, X, XII — up to 2–3 years For visiting students, the prevalence of diseases from the first to the fourth year exceeded that in the next year. For classes I, VII, VIII, XIII and XIX, the excess persisted for 1–2 years, XI — at least 3 years, X — 4 years. Research in an initially healthy team allows us to judge the process of students' adaptation to the learning environment, as well as adaptation against the background of acclimatization. Research is promising in other regions of the country; among students studying at universities of other departments. This will provide the basis for planning preventive measures in youth groups to preserve their health and improve professional training.

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Dimitrova, Nataliya, Lilyana Nacheva, Małgorzata Berova, and Danuta Kulpa. "Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants." Silva Balcanica 22, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e57661.

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In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

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Florence T.N. Silalahi, Halimatuddahliana, and Amir Husin. "PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU MENGGUNAKAN BIOREAKTOR ANAEROB SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP SECARA BATCH." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v7i1.1634.

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This research aimed to study the effect of one stage and two stage anaerobic fermentation on the performance of bioreactors in tofu liquid waste treatment. This research started with acclimatization that is adaptation process of microorganism derived from cow dung with tofu liquid waste. Acclimatization is carried out in acid condition (pH 5.5) and in neutral condition (pH 7). This is followed by a batch bioreactor operation for 40 days for one stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7), while for the first stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 5.5) lasted two days and proceeds with the second stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7) lasts 38 days The results obtained were COD removal efficiency of 76.6% for one stage anaerobic and 83.05% for two stage anaerobic. While the VFA concentration in the first stage of the two stage anaerobic increased by 33% of the one-stage anaerobic VFA concentration. One-stage anaerobic biogas yield of 0.24 L/g CODconvertedand 0.27 L/g CODconverted for to two stage anaerobic.

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Sommer, A. M., and H. O. Pörtner. "Mitochondrial Function in Seasonal Acclimatization versus Latitudinal Adaptation to Cold in the Lugworm Arenicola marina (L.)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77, no. 2 (March 2004): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/381468.

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Ribarova, I., J. Topalova, I. Ivanov, D. Kozuharov, R. Dimkov, and C. Cheng. "Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor as initiating stage in complete pentachlorophenol biodegradation." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0535.

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Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been studied in a sequence of two completely mixed reactors. Investigation on the first anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR) is discussed in detail in this paper. Key technological and microbiological features were studied: two different types of adaptation process of anaerobic sludge towards PCP detoxication; the influence of the sludge concentration upon the rate of PCP biodegradation; minimum retention time for PCP degradation in dependence on the PCP concentration; modeling of the PCP degradation process; effluent COD and SS concentrations; changes in the micro- and macrostructure of the sludge during acclimatization process.

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39

Berkelmans, Ray, and Madeleine J. H. van Oppen. "The role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of corals: a ‘nugget of hope’ for coral reefs in an era of climate change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1599 (June 8, 2006): 2305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3567.

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The ability of coral reefs to survive the projected increases in temperature due to global warming will depend largely on the ability of corals to adapt or acclimatize to increased temperature extremes over the next few decades. Many coral species are highly sensitive to temperature stress and the number of stress (bleaching) episodes has increased in recent decades. We investigated the acclimatization potential of Acropora millepora , a common and widespread Indo-Pacific hard coral species, through transplantation and experimental manipulation. We show that adult corals, at least in some circumstances, are capable of acquiring increased thermal tolerance and that the increased tolerance is a direct result of a change in the symbiont type dominating their tissues from Symbiodinium type C to D. Our data suggest that the change in symbiont type in our experiment was due to a shuffling of existing types already present in coral tissues, not through exogenous uptake from the environment. The level of increased tolerance gained by the corals changing their dominant symbiont type to D (the most thermally resistant type known) is around 1–1.5 °C. This is the first study to show that thermal acclimatization is causally related to symbiont type and provides new insight into the ecological advantage of corals harbouring mixed algal populations. While this increase is of huge ecological significance for many coral species, in the absence of other mechanisms of thermal acclimatization/adaptation, it may not be sufficient to survive climate change under predicted sea surface temperature scenarios over the next 100 years. However, it may be enough to ‘buy time’ while greenhouse reduction measures are put in place.

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Iguchi, Akira, and Naoko Isomura. "A review on the acclimatization mechanism and possibility for adaptation of reef-building corals to environmental changes." Oceanography in Japan 21, no. 5 (September 15, 2012): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.21.5_147.

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Ochieng'-Odero, J. P. R. "Does adaptation occur in insect rearing systems, or is it a case of selection, acclimatization and domestication?" International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 15, no. 01 (February 1994): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400016696.

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Somero, G. N. "The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and genetic adaptation will determine 'winners' and 'losers'." Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. 6 (February 26, 2010): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.037473.

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Romero-Lopez, Julia, Victoria Lopez-Rodas, and Eduardo Costas. "Estimating the capability of microalgae to physiological acclimatization and genetic adaptation to petroleum and diesel oil contamination." Aquatic Toxicology 124-125 (November 2012): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.001.

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Carvalho, G., E. Paul, J. M. Novais, and H. M. Pinheiro. "Studies on activated sludge response to variations in the composition of a synthetic surfactant-containing feed effluent." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0507.

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Laboratory batch and sequencing-batch reactors and closed respirometry techniques were used to study the response of activated sludge to non-ionic synthetic surfactants. Two laboratory-grade and three commercial surfactant mixtures used in the textile industry (alkyl- and alkylphenol-ethoxylate types) were tested. Respirometric profiles during degradation experiments were complemented with titrimetric surfactant measurements and TOC determinations, representing primary and ultimate biodegradation, respectively. Though non-acclimatized sludge was apparently not inhibited by the surfactant products, total degradation took at least 20 hours with S0/X0 values in the 0.24–0.86 range. Respiration rate profiles (respirograms) showed several peaks, suggesting stepwise primary-ultimate degradation of the surfactant molecules. Acclimatization shortened degradation times and produced repirograms with a single peak. Biomass adaptation, response to load increases and memory loss was faster for primary than for ultimate degradation. Alkyl ethoxylate-adapted biomass was apparently more capable of adaptation to alkylphenol ethoxylate than the inverse.

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Khlebova, L. P., A. Orazov, A. M. Titova, and A. V. Pirogova. "Adaptation to ex vitro conditions of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl. regenerants." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_110.

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Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl. belongs to Asteraceae family and is of great importance for pharmaceutical and food industries. Stevioside obtained from the leaves of this plant is regarded as a valuable natural sweetener. Low seed fertility is one of the most important problems in stevia production. It multiplies almost exclusively in a vegetative way. Plant tissue culture is an efficient method for mass propagation of S. rebaudiana. We studied the effect of various concentrations of auxins on rooting stevia shoot cuttings under in vitro conditions. We found that adding 0.6-1.0 mg l-1 IBA or 0.2 mg l-1 IAA to the В5 medium is effective forrooting the shoot fragments of this species. The regenerants were adapted to ex vitro conditions for 3 weeks on a hydroponic setup filled with a solution of mineral salts according to the quarter-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium modified by the content of KH2PO4 and NH4NO3. Using a triple concentration of KH2PO4 (510 mg l-1) during the first week of adaptation and a fullconcentration of NH4NO3 (1650 mg l-1) over the next 2 weeks ensures 100% acclimatization of stevia regenerants to ex vitro conditions. The replacement of agar in the nutrient medium with a perlite-vermiculite mixture in the ratio of 1 : 3 stimulated the transition of regenerants to the photomyxotrophic type of nutrition. The use of a porous substrate provided a decrease in humidity inside the culture vessels, which led to forming both leaves with well-functioning stomata and a branched root system with root hairs. The stevia regenerants propagated in vitro on a porous substrate did not require special conditions for the ex vitro acclimatization. The yield of surviving plants in the greenhouse was 100%.

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Thomas, Emilia G., Maja Šrut, Anamaria Štambuk, Göran I. V. Klobučar, Alfred Seitz, and Eva Maria Griebeler. "Effects of Freshwater Pollution on the Genetics of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) at the Molecular and Population Level." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/795481.

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Revealing long-term effects of contaminants on the genetic structure of organisms inhabiting polluted environments should encompass analyses at the population, molecular, and cellular level. Following this concept, we studied the genetic constitution of zebra mussel populations from a polluted (Dp) and reference sites (Cl) at the river Drava, Croatia, and applied microsatellite and DNA damage analyses (Comet assay, micronucleus test (MNT)). Additionally, mussels from both populations were exposed to polluted wastewater in the laboratory for three days, and DNA damage was analyzed to evaluate acclimatization and genetic adaptation of the investigated populations to the polluted environment. The two populations differed in their genetic constitution. Microsatellite analysis suggested that Dp had undergone a genetic bottleneck. Comet assay did not indicate any difference in DNA damage between the two populations, but MNT revealed that Dp had an increased percentage of micronuclei in hemocytes in comparison to Cl. The laboratory experiment revealed that Dp had a lower percentage of tail DNA and a higher percentage of micronuclei than Cl. These differences between populations were possibly caused by an overall decreased fitness of Dp due to genetic drift and by an enhanced DNA repair mechanism due to acclimatization to pollution in the source habitat.

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Babich, Nikolay А., Olga S. Zalyvskaya, Yuliya V. Aleksandrova, Nikolay P. Gayevskiy, Elena B. Karbasnikova, and Marina М. Andronova. "Stepwise Introduction of Dendroflora Species to the Northeastern Part of the Russian Plain (Review)." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-73-85.

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Introduction of economically valuable and ornamental species has long been one of the main methods of increasing the biological diversity of dendroflora. The aim of the research is to develop the theory of stepwise introduction of dendroflora species in the northern direction. The methodological basis of research was the works of experts in the field of forest introduction, including northern specialists, such as F.B. Orlov, P.M. Malakhovets, V.N. Nilov, N.A. Demidova, O.S. Zalyvskaya, E.B. Karbasnikova, M.M. Andronova, etc. The article is mostly theoretical and describes the development of the introduction of tree and shrub species in the harsh conditions of the northeastern part of the Russian Plain. Analysis of the results of scientific and spontaneous introduction allowed us to formulate a working hypothesis on the possibility of implementing a stepwise introduction of dendroflora valuable species due to the special microclimate formed in cities with a higher level of temperature regime compared to the periphery. It is assumed that the thermal resource of heat islands should be enough for successful acclimatization of cultivars, promotion of their seed offspring to suburban conditions with subsequent naturalization. Statements covering the main aspects of stepwise introduction development have been formulated based on long-term research. These are the beginning of the first stage of acclimatization, factors influencing the duration of the introduction stage, priority material for processing the basic principles of stepwise introduction, limiting factors of the northern border of the introduction range, compliance of the conditions of heat islands with the conditions of the northern part of the previous introduction stage. Practical implementation of these statements will increase the efficiency of acclimatization tests of introduced plant species. A table of the acclimatization success and naturalization of dendroflora species, taking into account different stages of ontogenesis, was proposed in order to objectively evaluate the results of experiments. Synthesis of conclusions and recommendations contributes to targeted plant adaptation measures and the formation of reliable predictions of their naturalization. For citation: Babich N.А., Karbasnikova Е.B., Andronova М.М., Zalyvskaya О.S., Aleksandrova Yu.V., Gayevskiy N.P. Stepwise Introduction of Dendroflora Species to the Northeastern Part of the Russian Plain (Review). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 73–85. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-73-85

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Khan, Inam Danish. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Extreme Environments and Cold Adaptation at Extreme Altitudes on the Himalayan Ranges." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.03.

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Introduction: Extreme-altitudes (5500 m/18045 ft and higher) pose environmental, psychophysiological, infrastructural, logistic, and ergonomic challenges that question explorer’s adaptability and mission-efficiency due to isolation, monotony, intimidating environment and terse health conditions. The assessment of an explorer’s comprehensive adaptability in extreme-altitudes is of paramount importance in ensuring mission-preparedness. Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of explorers staying on extreme-altitudes was assessed through personal interview technique. Methods: 125 healthy, acclimatized, mountain-trained explorers staying above 4570 m/15000 ft in winter-season for at least 30 days on extreme-altitudes were assessed by a single cross-sectional study through personal interviews on KAP related to extreme-altitude and cold-adaptation. Results: Mean duration of stay on extreme-altitude was 55.7 days. All explorers knew about difficulties and health-problems at extremealtitude. All explorers felt that mountain-training and acclimatization were beneficial. 92% felt that mission tenure of 90 days on the extreme-altitude was adequate. 92.8% felt they were adequately trained for the extreme-altitude; however, only 52% felt confident about health-training. 66.4% did preventive rewarming of extremities. 66.4% regularly smoked/chewed tobacco. 57.6% had sleep problems and 64% had altered appetite. 26.4% felt difficulties related to living conditions, infrastructure, and logistics. Conclusion: Explorers at extreme-altitude exhibited adequate knowledge and performed activities with progressive attitude and healthy practices. Explorers endured altered psychophysiology at extreme-altitude and regarded the utility of training and acclimatization programs. Knowledge-practice gap existed towards tobacco consumption. There was a felt need for the improvement of living conditions, infrastructure, logistics, and health-related training.

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Yalcin, Ozlem, and Pedro Cabrales. "Increased hemoglobin O2 affinity protects during acute hypoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 303, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): H271—H281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00078.2012.

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Acclimatization to hypoxia requires time to complete the adaptation mechanisms that influence oxygen (O2) transport and O2 utilization. Although decreasing hemoglobin (Hb) O2 affinity would favor the release of O2 to the tissues, increasing Hb O2 affinity would augment arterial O2 saturation during hypoxia. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pharmacologically increasing the Hb O2 affinity will augment O2 transport during severe hypoxia (10 and 5% inspired O2) compared with normal Hb O2 affinity. RBC Hb O2 affinity was increased by infusion of 20 mg/kg of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF). Control animals received only the vehicle. The effects of increasing Hb O2 affinity were studied in the hamster window chamber model, in terms of systemic and microvascular hemodynamics and partial pressures of O2 (Po2). Pimonidazole binding to hypoxic areas of mice heart and brain was also studied. 5HMF decreased the Po2 at which the Hb is 50% saturated with O2 by 12.6 mmHg. During 10 and 5% O2 hypoxia, 5HMF increased arterial blood O2 saturation by 35 and 48% from the vehicle group, respectively. During 5% O2 hypoxia, blood pressure and heart rate were 58 and 30% higher for 5HMF compared with the vehicle. In addition, 5HMF preserved microvascular blood flow, whereas blood flow decreased to 40% of baseline in the vehicle group. Consequently, perivascular Po2 was three times higher in the 5HMF group compared with the control group at 5% O2 hypoxia. 5HMF also reduced heart and brain hypoxic areas in mice. Therefore, increased Hb O2 affinity resulted in hemodynamics and oxygenation benefits during severe hypoxia. This acute acclimatization process may have implications in survival during severe environmental hypoxia when logistic constraints prevent chronic acclimatization.

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Barre, H., and B. Roussel. "Thermal and metabolic adaptation to first cold-water immersion in juvenile penguins." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): R456—R462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.3.r456.

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Juvenile king and macaroni penguins are terrestrial seabirds and must face an intensive and prolonged energetic demand during their passage from shore to marine life in cold subantarctic seawater. Evidence for progressive thermal adaptation was sought by measurement of metabolic rate (MR) and body (Tb) and skin (Tsk) temperatures in unrestrained, fully immersed penguins. Steady-state responses obtained after the 3rd h of immersion in never-immersed (NI) penguins were compared with those of penguins acclimatized to seawater temperature (A). NI macaroni penguins, unlike NI king penguins, showed a fall in Tb on their first immersion but, once acclimatized, were able to maintain their homeothermy due to an increase (greater than 3.2 W/kg) in regulatory thermogenesis. In NI king penguins, during a simulation of seawater adaptation by 10 successive immersions, MR at 7 degrees C water temperature (Tw) rose from 6.0 to 9.4 W/kg (becoming 3-5 times higher than in air), whereas Tb rose from 37.6 to 38.4 degrees C. In both species occurrence of peak MR at much lower Tw, progressive increase in thermogenesis capacity, and lower conductance in water after adaptation to marine life (28 and 36% less in A king and macaroni penguins, respectively) showed that the passage from shore to marine life consisted of a true cold acclimatization.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Acclimatization/adaptation'

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