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Makhova, M. V., and V. V. Strakhov. "Interaction of accommodative and subjective diagnostic criteria of accommodation disorders." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-3-13-19.
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Purpose: to study the relationship of accommodative (objective) and subjective criteria of different types of accommodation disorders.Material and methods. 62 patients (124 eyes) with myopic refraction, aged 10 to 18, were divided into 6 groups according to accommodation disorders types. All patients were tested objectively on a Speedy-i accommodograph, which determined the coefficient of accommodation response (CAR) and the coefficient of microfluctuations (CMF) and underwent MEM retinoscopy to determine the accommodation response. In addition, subjective methods were used to determine the amplitude of accommodation (by proximetry) and accommodation flexibility (by ±2 D flipper). Results. A rather close correlation was revealed between the accommodative and subjective evaluation criteria of ciliary muscle performance. Therefore, both the CAR and proximetry data may be used to determine accommodation amplitude. The power of accommodation response may be determined by CAR and MEM retinoscopy, while the accommodation state may be tested by CMF or accommodation flexibility.Conclusion. A statistically significant correlation between accommodative coefficients and the results of subjective tests enable the practitioners of outpatient care to use the available subjective methods of accommodation disorder diagnosis and, accordingly, determine the best suited optical correction and choose adequate methods of treatment of accommodation disorders.
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Saidun, Salilah, Elmira Akhmetova, and Amilah Awang Abd Rahman. "Religious Accommodation for Muslim Workers and Patients in Healthcare." ICR Journal 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v10i2.45.
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As the followers of a comprehensive religion that regulates all spheres of human life, it is common for practising Muslims to require certain religious accommodations at their workplaces or during any clinical encounter. This paper aims to identify the factors that facilitate the provision of religious accommodation in healthcare for both Muslim healthcare workers and patients, by specifically examining three issues: provision of halal food, prayer facilities, and Muslim-friendly dress codes. In this qualitative study, document analysis and secondary data analysis are conducted. Thematic analysis is conducted to identify the factors which influence religious accommodation in healthcare. The findings illustrate that the prospect of accommodating religious needs does not merely depend on the religion of the majority of the population, but on various factors, such as the country or the state where the healthcare institution is situated, the healthcare institution itself, the sections or departments within the healthcare institution, and the personnel who deal directly with healthcare personnel or patients requiring the religious accommodation. In addition, awareness, attitudes, rules and standards, and availability of resources also influence the provision of religious accommodation. The results suggest that individuals seeking religious accommodation at any institution ought to play a more active role in obtaining accommodation at various levels. Besides that, religious accommodation can be enhanced by improving knowledge, attitude, standards, regulations, and availability of resources in healthcare institutions.
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Glasser, Adrian, Machelle T. Pardue, Margot E. Andison, and Jacob G. Sivak. "A behavioral study of refraction, corneal curvature, and accommodation in raptor eyes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2010–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-834.
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Since there is much speculation in the literature regarding the accommodative abilities of raptors, we undertook a behavioral study of accommodation in the five families of raptors. The resting refractive state and amplitude of accommodation were measured using infrared video photorefraction in a variety of wild-caught and captive-bred raptors. The resting corneal curvature and the extent of changes in corneal curvature during accommodation (corneal accommodation) were measured using video keratometry. External ocular and head dimensions were measured with calipers to look for correlates with accommodative amplitude. In general, all eyes examined were of high optical quality and relatively free of aberrations. No significant refractive errors were recorded in any of the birds examined (< 1.0 diopters (D)). In general, significant amplitudes of accommodation were measured in the hawks (up to 25.0 D), but little accommodation was seen in the owls. Corneal accommodation ranging from 2.8 to 6.2 D in magnitude was recorded in a number of the hawks. These differences in the accommodative behaviors of the owls and hawks are discussed with respect to the limitations of the behavioral techniques used, differences in the degree of cooperation of the different species, and real differences in the accommodative abilities of the owls and hawks in relation to their accommodative needs, such as when feeding.
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Ahmad Najmee, Nur Aresya, Saiful Azlan Rosli, and Syazwina Batrisya Jalaludin. "The Accommodation Response and Facility between Children and Young Adults." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 14 (July 1, 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2168.
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Tonic accommodation decreased with age among children. In young adults, late-onset myopia will develop due to occupational near vision demands. This study aims to investigate the accommodation response and facility between children and young adults, in emmetrope (non-myopic) and myope group. The accommodation response and facility of young adults and children were measured using monocular estimation method (MEM), monocular accommodative facility (MAF) and binocular accommodative facility (BAF) with an exposure of near task for 15 minutes. Near task has significantly increased the lag of accommodation in all groups (p<0.05). However, the accommodation facility was not affected by near work in all groups (p>0.05). Keywords: accommodation response, accommodation facility, myopes, emmetropes. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2168
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Gyldenkerne, Anders, Nicolaj Aagaard, Malene Jakobsen, Carina Toftelund, and Jesper Hjortdal. "Changes in accommodative function following small-incision lenticule extraction for high myopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0244602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244602.
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Purpose To examine whether the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, and the accommodative facility is affected and correlated with changes in higher-order aberrations for patients with high myopia surgically treated with small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods 35 highly myopic eyes (myopic spherical equivalent of at least 6 diopters) of 35 patients treated with SMILE were included. Assessments were made before and 3 months after surgery. Donders push-up-method was used to measure the amplitude of accommodation. The accommodative response was assessed using an open-field autorefractor”Grand Seiko WAM-5500” (Grand Seiko Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) in combination with a Badal optometer and stimuli of accommodation at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D, respectively. Accommodative facility was measured at 40 cm with ±2,00D flipper lenses. All measurements of accommodation were performed monocularly with the refractive error corrected with soft contact lenses. Results The amplitude of accommodation did not change statistically significantly (mean difference -0.24 D (SD 0.98), 95% CI of mean difference -0.58 D to 0.11 D, paired-sample t(34) = -1.39; P = 0.17). The accommodative responses at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D did not statistically significantly change either (F(6,29) = 1.15; P = .36). Finally, the accommodative facility was also unchanged with a mean difference of 1.11 cycles per minute (SD 5.11, 95% CI of mean difference -0.64 to 2.87, paired-sample t(34) = 1.29; P = 0.21). No clinically significant associations between changes in accommodation and higher-order aberrations were found. Conclusions SMILE does not alter the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, nor the accommodative facility for highly myopic patients, and the surgically induced corneal higher-order aberrations do not affect the accommodative function.
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Ma, Martin Ming-Leung, Mitchell Scheiman, Cuiyun Su, and Xiang Chen. "Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodation in Myopic Chinese Children." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1202469.
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Introduction. We evaluated the effectiveness of office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement to improve accommodative function in myopic children with poor accommodative response.Methods. This was a prospective unmasked pilot study. 14 Chinese myopic children aged 8 to 12 years with at least 1 D of lag of accommodation were enrolled. All subjects received 12 weeks of 60-minute office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement. Primary outcome measure was the change in monocular lag of accommodation from baseline visit to 12-week visit measured by Shinnipon open-field autorefractor. Secondary outcome measures were the changes in accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility.Results. All participants completed the study. The lag of accommodation at baseline visit was 1.29 ± 0.21 D and it was reduced to 0.84 ± 0.19 D at 12-week visit. This difference (−0.46 ± 0.22 D; 95% confidence interval: −0.33 to −0.58 D) is statistically significant (p<0.0001). OBAVT also increased the amplitude and facility by 3.66 ± 3.36 D (p=0.0013; 95% confidence interval: 1.72 to 5.60 D) and 10.9 ± 4.8 cpm (p<0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 8.1 to 13.6 cpm), respectively.Conclusion. Standardized 12 weeks of OBAVT with home reinforcement is able to significantly reduce monocular lag of accommodation and increase monocular accommodative amplitude and facility. A randomized clinical trial designed to investigate the effect of vision therapy on myopia progression is warranted.
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Gandhi, Allison Gruner, Burhan Ogut, Laura Stein, Robin Bzura, and Louis Danielson. "Enhancing Accessibility for Students With Decoding Difficulties on Large-Scale Reading Assessments." Journal of Learning Disabilities 51, no. 6 (June 14, 2017): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219417714774.
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This study reports findings from studies examining potential read-aloud accommodations on standardized reading comprehension assessments for students with decoding difficulties. Three types of accommodations were evaluated: question stems and answer options read aloud; question stems, answer options, and proper nouns read aloud; and full read-aloud. Drawing from a sample of 207 fourth-grade students with and without decoding difficulties, we used 3-level hierarchical linear modeling to assess whether there were significant differences between students with and without decoding difficulties in the effect of each accommodation relative to no accommodation. Analyses showed that, for the students with decoding difficulties, all 3 read-aloud accommodations had significant effects when compared with no accommodation at all, and these effects were significantly larger than for average readers (effect sizes: 0.49, 0.55, and 0.50, respectively). When non–individualized education program students were excluded from the group of students with decoding difficulties, the effect sizes became notably larger.
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Stokkermans, Thomas J., Jeremy C. Reitinger, George Tye, Chiu-Yen Kao, Sangeetha Ragupathy, Huachun A. Wang, and Carol B. Toris. "Accommodative Exercises to Lower Intraocular Pressure." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (December 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6613066.
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Purpose. This study investigated how a conscious change in ocular accommodation affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular biometrics in healthy adult volunteers of different ages. Methods. Thirty-five healthy volunteers without ocular disease or past ocular surgery, and with refractive error between −3.50 and +2.50 diopters, were stratified into 20, 40, and 60 year old (y.o.) age groups. Baseline measurements of central cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, cornea diameter, pupil size, and ciliary muscle thickness were made by autorefraction and optical coherence tomography (OCT), while IOP was measured by pneumotonometry. Each subject’s right eye focused on a target 40 cm away. Three different tests were performed in random order: (1) 10 minutes of nonaccommodation (gazing at the target through lenses that allowed clear vision without accommodating), (2) 10 minutes of accommodation (addition of a minus 3 diopter lens), and (3) 10 minutes of alternating between accommodation and nonaccommodation (1-minute intervals). IOP was measured immediately after each test. A 20-minute rest period was provided between tests. Data from 31 subjects were included in the study. ANOVA and paired t-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results. Following alternating accommodation, IOP decreased by 0.7 mmHg in the right eye when all age groups were combined ( p = 0.029). Accommodation or nonaccommodation alone did not decrease IOP. Compared to the 20 y.o. group, the 60 y.o. group had a thicker ciliary muscle within 75 μm of the scleral spur, a thinner ciliary muscle at 125–300 μm from the scleral spur, narrower anterior chamber angles, shallower anterior chambers, and smaller pupils during accommodation and nonaccommodation ( p ’s < 0.01). Conclusion. Alternating accommodation, but not constant accommodation, significantly decreased IOP. This effect was not lost with aging despite physical changes to the aging eye. A greater accommodative workload and/or longer test period may improve the effect.
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Zhang, Hongyu, and Paul D. R. Gamlin. "Neurons in the Posterior Interposed Nucleus of the Cerebellum Related to Vergence and Accommodation. I. Steady-State Characteristics." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1255.
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Zhang, Hongyu and Paul D. R. Gamlin. Neurons in the posterior interposed nucleus of the cerebellum related to vergence and accommodation. I. Steady-state characteristics. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1255–1269, 1998. The present study used single-unit recording and electrical microstimulation techniques in alert, trained rhesus monkeys to examine the involvement of the posterior interposed nucleus (IP) of the cerebellum in vergence and accommodative eye movements. Neurons related to vergence and ocular accommodation were encountered within a circumscribed region of the IP and their activity during changes in viewing distance was characterized. The activity of these neurons increased with decreases in vergence angle and accommodation (the far-response) but none showed changes in activity during changes in conjugate eye position and we therefore term them “far-response neurons.” Far-response neurons were found within a restricted region of the IP that extended ∼1 mm rostrocaudally and mediolaterally and 2 mm dorsal to the fourth ventricle. Microstimulation of this far-response region of the IP with low currents (<30 μA) often elicited divergence and accommodation for far. The behavior of 37 IP far-response neurons was examined during normal binocular viewing, during monocular viewing (blur cue alone), and during binocular viewing with accommodation open-loop (disparity cue alone). The activity of all cells was modulated under all three conditions. However, the change in activity of some of these neurons was significantly different under these three viewing conditions. The behavior of 70 IP far-response neurons was compared during normal binocular viewing and during viewing in which the accommodative response was significantly dissociated from the vergence response. The data from these two conditions was pooled and multiple regression analyses for each neuron generated two coefficients expressing the activity of the neuron relative to the vergence and to accommodative response respectively. On the basis of these coefficients, the overall activity of the neurons were classified as follows: 34 positively correlated with divergence, 11 positively correlated with far accommodation, 14 positively correlated with divergence and far accommodation, 9 positively correlated with divergence and accommodation, and 2 positively correlated with convergence and far accommodation. The results of this study demonstrate the involvement of a specific region of the posterior interposed nucleus of the cerebellum in vergence and accommodation. IP far-response neurons are active for vergence and accommodation irrespective of whether or not these eye movements are elicited by blur or disparity cues. The data in the present study strongly suggest that this cerebellar region is a far-response region that is involved in vergence as well as accommodative eye movements.
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Jitendra, Yadav, De Tapas Kumar, Sah Sanjay Kumar, and Anyam Sandip Das. "Changes in anterior segment parameters of normal subjects during accommodation using a Scheimpflug imaging system." Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Optometry 1, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry117.
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Background: Accommodation changes ocular parameters, such as the anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil diameter (PD), which can reflect a risk of angle-closure glaucoma. Previous studies of changes in ocular anterior segment parameters, have used high diopters or maximum amplitude. Here, we focused on normal accommodation at a reading distance of 30‒40 cm. The aim of this study was to assess changes in anterior segment parameters during a normal accommodative state, using a Scheimpflug imaging system.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 emmetrope subjects (mean ± SD of age: 22 ± 4.0 years) who met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent were enrolled. Clinical history, refraction, amplitude of accommodation, slit lamp examination, Goldman applanation tonometry, and Pentacam investigations were performed on all subjects. Accommodative and non-accommodative targets were induced via the Pentacam. Two seconds were allowed for accommodation or relaxation prior to measurements in each eye.
Results: Eighty normal eyes were evaluated; a small but statistically significant change in ACV, ACA, and PD during accommodation (P < 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.05, respectively) was observed. The ACD did not change substantially with accommodation (P = 0.29). The mean ± SD values of ACV, ACD, ACA, and PD before and after accommodation were 151.85 ± 24.04 mm3 and 145.38 ± 23.30 mm3, 2.87 ± 0.28 mm and 2.86 ± 0.27 mm, 35.06° ± 3.68° and 33.84° ± 3.72°, and 3.46 ± 0.57 mm and 3.41 ± 0.53 mm, respectively.
Conclusions: Accommodation changes ocular parameters, such as ACV, ACA, and PD, in healthy young emmetropes. Interestingly, the ACD remains unaltered during accommodation. Nevertheless, although these changes were statistically significant, they were not clinically significant in our study.
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Kaufmann, Caroline L. "Reasonable Accommodation to Mental Health Disabilities at Work: Legal Constructs and Practical Applications." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 21, no. 2 (June 1993): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539302100202.
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Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires employers to make reasonable accommodations to workers with physical and mental health disabilities. The linking of physical and mental illnesses under a common mandate confuses many employers and their legal advisors. Mental illnesses usually manifest themselves through behavior, and the accommodations required involve adjustments in scheduling, supervision, and interpersonal relationships on the job. This paper presents case studies in reasonable accommodation to workers with schizophrenia. The most common accommodation is flexible scheduling to allow for psychiatric treatment during work hours. Second most common is adaptations of the interpersonal environment to protect the worker's privacy and reduce stress. Cases of successful and unsuccessful outcomes to the accommodation process indicate that some functional limitations cannot be accommodated. For an accommodation to be reasonable, it must meet the needs of the employer as well as the worker. While not all persons with mental health disabilities meet qualifications for jobs in the competitive labor force, many function well with minimal adjustments from an employer.
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Lipecz, Agnes, Alexis Tsorbatzoglou, Ziad Hassan, Andras Berta, Laszlo Modis, and Gabor Nemeth. "Scheimpflug Image-Based Changes in Anterior Segment Parameters during Accommodation Induced by Short-Term Reading." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 3 (September 9, 2016): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000853.
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Purpose To analyze the effect of the accommodation on the anterior segment data (corneal and anterior chamber parameters) induced by short-time reading in a healthy, nonpresbyopic adult patient group. Methods Images of both eyes of nonpresbyopic volunteers were captured with a Scheimpflug device (Pentacam HR) in a nonaccommodative state. Fifteen minutes of reading followed and through fixation of the built-in target of Pentacam HR further accommodation was achieved and new images were captured by the device. Anterior segment parameters were observed and the differences were analyzed. Results Fifty-two healthy eyes of 26 subjects (range 20.04-28.58 years) were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the keratometric values before and after the accommodative task (p = 0.35). A statistically significant difference was measured in the 5.0-mm-diameter and the 7.0-mm-diameter corneal volume (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03) between accommodation states. Corneal aberrometric data did not change significantly during short-term accommodation. Significant differences were observed between nonaccommodative and accommodative states of the eyes for all measured anterior chamber parameters. Conclusions Among the parameters of the cornea, only corneal volume changed during the short-term accommodation process, showing some fine changes with accommodation of the cornea in young, emmetropic patients. The position of the pupil and the anterior chamber parameters were observed to change with accommodation as captured by a Scheimpflug device.
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Kotulak, John C., Stephen E. Morse, and Roger W. Wiley. "The Effect of Knowledge of Object Distance on Accommodation during Instrument Viewing." Perception 23, no. 6 (June 1994): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230671.
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We present data in which instrument accommodation was measured while knowledge of object distance was varied. The accommodative feedback loop was ‘semiopen’—an intermediate state between the closed-loop and open-loop conditions of previous experiments. The semi-open-loop situation mimicked the degraded-image conditions which are frequently encountered during instrument viewing. The results show that for some subjects knowledge of object distance is a more powerful cue for instrument accommodation than is the optical distance of the object; however, for the majority of subjects this is not the case. We also found that subjects whose accommodation is influenced by knowledge of object distance tend to have a more proximal dark focus than those whose accommodation is independent of knowledge of object distance. We propose that the Mandelbaum effect, in which involuntary accommodation occurs when a transparency is superimposed between the observer and the object of regard, could account for the accommodative behavior of all subjects. However, the Mandelbaum effect would have to be interpreted more broadly than before. In the broader interpretation, the transparency could be cognitive (ie known distance) rather than physical.
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Gibson, George, Fiona Cruickshank, James Wolffsohn, and Leon Davies. "Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Sigmoidal Crystalline Lens Changes during Accommodation." Vision 2, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision2030033.
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This study aimed to quantify biometric modifications of the anterior segment (AS) during accommodation and to compare them against changes in both accommodative demand and response. Thirty adults, aged 18–25 years were rendered functionally emmetropic with contact lenses. AS optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images were captured along the 180° meridian (Visante, Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) under stimulated accommodative demands (0–4 D). Images were analysed and lens thickness (LT) was measured, applying a refractive index correction of 1.00. Accommodative responses were also measured sequentially through a Badal optical system fitted to an autorefractor (Shin Nippon NVision-K 5001, Rexxam, Japan). Data were compared with Dubbelman schematic eye calculations. Significant changes occurred in LT, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens centroid (i.e., ACD + LT/2), and AS length (ASL = ACD + LT) with accommodation (all p < 0.01). There was no significant change in CT with accommodation (p = 0.81). Measured CT, ACD, and lens centroid values were similar to Dubbelman modelled parameters, however AS-OCT overestimated LT and ASL. As expected, the accommodative response was less than the demand. Interestingly, up until approximately 1.5 D of response (2.0 D demand), the anterior crystalline lens surface appears to be the primary correlate. Beyond this point, the posterior lens surface moves posteriorly resulting in an over-all sigmoidal trajectory. he posterior crystalline lens surface demonstrates a sigmoidal response with increasing accommodative effort.
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Hossain, Sabrina, Sandra Moll, Emile Tompa, and Rebecca Gewurtz. "The interactive process of negotiating workplace accommodations for employees with mental health conditions." Work 69, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213459.
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BACKGROUND: Implementing workplace accommodations is an effective means of retaining employees with mental health conditions. However, the process is poorly understood and poorly documented. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to explore the interactive process of negotiating workplace accommodations from the perspective of employees with mental health conditions and workplace stakeholders. METHODS: We interviewed employees across Canada who self-identified as having a mental health condition requiring accommodations, and six stakeholders at various workplaces across Canada who are involved in providing accommodations. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach to identify key themes. RESULTS: The findings highlight that the process of negotiating accommodations is non-linear, interactive, and political. The process is shaped by organizational and political factors and collaboration between stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS: The negotiation process is a combination of social, relational and political factors. Clear and accessible accommodation policies, workplace awareness and specific workplace training on how to implement accommodations are needed to optimize the accommodation process for all involved.
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Benel, Russell A., and Denise C. R. Benel. "Influence of Background Appearance on Visual Accommodation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 18 (October 1992): 1445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601818.
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Many experimental and real-world viewing situations provide a context in which the target stimulus is displayed against a background set at a different but determinate distance. Conversely, other situations occur where the background distance is indeterminate, i.e., a textureless background. There has been evidence accumulating over the past two decades to suggest that the assumption of accurate visual accommodation will not be sustained under all these circumstances. Although earlier assumptions held that the centrally located stimulus would determine the level of accommodation, this experiment tests that assumption by varying the cues to background distance (well-textured, lighted, distant background and the same background unilluminated) and the distance to the target stimulus. Two groups of six participants observed targets (2 deg.) at six distances (0.9, 1.8, 3.7, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.3 m) and their visual accommodation was measured with a laser optometer. Results indicated that the group viewing the visible distant background evidenced a more distant accommodative response with the typical lag of accommodation. These results indicate that conditions of accommodation in the natural environment may have a profound effect on accommodative accuracy. In turn, this inaccuracy has been shown by others to correlate with inaccuracies in the perception of size and distance. Inaccurate accommodation has been found to delay target detection appreciably as well. Ameliorative approaches are discussed.
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Simpeh, Fredrick, and Winston Shakantu. "An on-campus university student accommodation model." Journal of Facilities Management 18, no. 3 (July 4, 2020): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-03-2020-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that can be used as a guide for the provision, adaptation and management of on-campus student accommodation spaces and services. Design/methodology/approach A phenomenological research strategy was used for the study. Qualitative data were collected by means of focus group discussions (FGDs) and observations. A total of ten FGDs were conducted. The student accommodations were observed to augment the information gathered through the FGDs. The data was analysed thematically. Findings The study found that students perceived some spaces and services as essential, whereas others were perceived as nonessential. Spaces including washroom, sleeping space, kitchen, laundry area and dry line, sick bay, computer area and study area, as well as services such as electricity, water, security, fire safety, internet, study furniture, health care, generators, electric fittings, ventilation, maintenance, pest control, refuse collection and cleaning were perceived as the most essential spaces and services required in student accommodations. It also became evident that apart from the spaces and services aforementioned, a student accommodation should also be provided with spaces and services that promote students’ well-being and leisure. Practical implications The model can be used as a guide by estate, facility, maintenance and hostel managers to effectively manage on-campus university student accommodation spaces and services. Moreover, the model can assist to ensure that all spaces and services perceived as essential are provided when designing, constructing or upgrading student accommodations. Originality/value Although several studies have been conducted on student accommodations, studies that mainly focused on identifying and prioritising the spaces and services required in student accommodations is lacking.
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Morris, Carl J. "Night time accommodation unacceptable for all of us." BMJ 330, no. 7500 (May 14, 2005): s202.4—s202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7500.s202-c.
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Shi, Wen, and Thurmon E. Lockhart. "Investigating the Dynamic Accommodative Characteristics of the Aging Eye with the Control of the Intensity and Chromaticity of Light." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 1 (October 2007): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100108.
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The age-related accommodation loss of the human eye impairs aging people's life. A study was conducted to preliminarily investigate the dynamic accommodative characteristics of the eye for different age groups under various intensities and chromaticities of light. 4 younger (20–29 years of age), and 4 older (60–69 years of age) participants were recruited, and the accommodation of their eyes was recorded and analyzed dynamically via the modified Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor. The laboratory experiment was designed to assess accommodation in a simulated condition where the participant needed to alternate from viewing outside to reading the dashboard with signals of different light intensities (2 levels: 100 and 20 cd/m2) and light chromaticities (2 levels: red vs. blue). The results of the study indicated that aging, light intensity, and light chromaticity all had an impact on the dynamic accommodative characteristics of the eye. The implications of the study are discussed.
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Dallacorte, Dauana Arielli, Giovana Silva Sprizon, Kimberly Suellin Bueno, Pâmela Giovana Hotz, Fernando Amâncio Aragão, and Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini. "Comparison of the effects of interferential current between male and female healthy adults." Scientia Medica 27, no. 3 (August 20, 2017): 27660. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2017.3.27660.
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***Comparison of the effects of interferential current between male and female healthy adults***AIMS: To assess accommodation phenomena characteristics (threshold, time and amplitude/intensity) during stimulation with interferential current, comparing male and female healthy adults.METHODS: A non randomized clinical trial with intentional sampling by gender included 30 healthy adult volunteers aged between 18 and 25 years, who were divided in two groups (15 in the Female Group and 15 in the Male Group) and received a tetrapolar interferential current for 20 minutes, close to L1 and L5 vertebrae. The subjects were instructed to refer an intense but comfortable paresthesia sensation and to report the moment it diminished (accommodation), requiring increasing of the current intensity. The first three events of accommodation (AV1, AV2 and AV3), including time and amplitude threshold, were analyzed. The differences from AV1 to AV2 (D1) and AV2 to AV3 (D2) were also considered. The number of accommodations for each subject during the 20 minutes experiment was identified. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for analysis and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: In the Male Group the mean time for accommodation was higher in AV3 compared to AV1 and AV2. In the Female Group the accommodation mean time was higher in AV3 in relation to AV2, and in AV2 in relation to AV1. No differences were found in the Male Group for D1 and D2, but in the Female Group, D2 was superior to D1. Women were accommodated more quickly than men in all three assessments, but the differences between one evaluation and another were constant considering both groups. Both groups showed similar current intensity behavior comparing the three evaluations within the same group. In the comparison between groups, women had lower mean values of intensity in the three evaluations. The Female Group had 7.5±1.5 accommodations, and the Male Group had 5.9±2.0 accommodations (p=0.0367) during the 20 minutes of the experiment.CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of healthy young adults, men required higher interferential current amplitude to obtain a comfortable paresthesia and took more time to have accommodations, while women had more accommodation episodes.
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Nurjani, Ni Putu Suda, Syamsul Alam Paturusi, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra, and I. Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra. "Bed Bunk Accommodation; Convergence of Online Promotion Media with Balinese Traditional Houses in Canggu Village, Bali." International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology 4, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2019.v04.i02.p06.
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Bali is one of the most popular tourism destinations in the world with various forms of accommodation. Start from five star hotels until small lodgings built in each community residential unit. The strong custom and restrictions on tall buildings in Bali, making people look for various new alternatives to develop accommodation. The existence of local regulations that require the use of traditional Balinese ornamentation, requires accommodation owners to find adaptive accommodation development methods. However, with the development of the digital industry 4.0 specifically in contact with online advertising, there are no official rules in Bali that regulate it. This condition makes the demand for cheap accommodation in Bali seem unlimited. The promotion system no longer requires government legality. This phenomenon makes accommodations in remote places even can be accessed easily by all people in the world. The community then competes with each other to build cheap accommodations in their traditional homes. The government also cannot touch the spatial development caused by online media demand, due to the absence of regulations that limit it. This research tries to identify the bed bunk phenomenon that is built and operationalized through online promotion media, and has no legality. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object of study in Canggu village, district of North Kuta, Badung Regency, Bali Province. The findings of this study indicate that, bed bunk was born in Bali due to the high demand for backpacker tourists which is sufficient with wifi, table and bed facilities. The high cost of land in Bali encourages local people to build accommodations in their residential units. The maximum utilization of the interior (construction of 6-8 beds in one room) is the most preferred choice. This condition is due to vertical building restrictions that cannot exceed 15m and economic factors (get maximum income on narrow land). This finding is expected to be used as an evaluation material for spatial improvement in Bali which has an impact on congestion throughout the tourist area due to uncontrolled accommodation development.
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Marques, Eduardo F., and António Castanheira-Dinis. "Dual–optic Accommodating IOL—A Review." US Ophthalmic Review 07, no. 02 (2014): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2014.07.02.100.
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This article reviews the design, development, objective accommodation data, and clinical results of the dual-optic accommodating IOL. The first-generation dual-optic accommodating IOL was designed to interact with the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle to generate accommodation. The more recent aspheric version enhanced this technology to further improve the near benefit. The main advantage of the dual-optic accommodating IOL is the low incidence of problems with contrast, glare, and halos associated with multifocal IOLs. The main criticisms are the lower consistency of visual acuity at near distances and the lower refractive predictability. Newer IOL designs are bringing us closer to the ideal of providing patients with perfect high-quality vision at all distances. The dual-optic accommodating IOL has demonstrated to be a safe alternative to provide very good near and intermediate vision without sacrificing distance visual acuity or quality of vision.
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Gamlin, P. D., Y. Zhang, R. A. Clendaniel, and L. E. Mays. "Behavior of identified Edinger-Westphal neurons during ocular accommodation." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 2368–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2368.
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1. The present study used single-unit recording and antidromic activation techniques in alert rhesus monkeys to examine the static and dynamic behavior of 21 parasympathetic, preganglionic neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) during ocular accommodation. 2. All identified EW neurons were active when viewing at optical infinity with an average firing rate of 11.6 spikes/s. During near viewing, there was a linear relationship between firing rate and accommodation with an overall gain for the population of preganglionic EW neurons of 3.3 (spikes/s)/diopter. 3. The activity of eight identified EW neurons was studied during viewing of targets with conflicting vergence and accommodative demands to dissociate their vergence and accommodation responses. With normal viewing these responses are so closely matched that it cannot be determined if the activity of a cell is related to vergence or to accommodation, but with dissociated viewing these relationships can be determined. Under this viewing condition, six preganglionic EW neurons showed the same relationship to accommodation as they did during normal viewing. However, the activity of two cells could not be explained solely by accommodation, and they showed some activity related to vergence. 4. Microstimulation at the sites of identified EW neurons produced accommodation in the ipsilateral eye. Repeated measures of the effect of microstimulation yielded a value of 75 ms for the latency of the response. This latency was essentially the same in both animals tested. 5. The activity of identified EW neurons is related to the velocity of accommodation as well as to static accommodation. The relationship between accommodation velocity and firing rate was studied for 15 identified EW neurons during sine-wave tracking of targets moving in depth. All of these cells showed a clear relationship between firing rate and accommodation velocity. Overall, this group of identified EW neurons showed a velocity sensitivity of 1.2 (spikes/s)/(diopter/s) and an estimated neural time constant of 380 ms. 6. Eleven neurons encountered near to preganglionic EW neurons could not be antidromically activated by stimulation of the oculomotor nerve. These neurons had statistically higher gains with respect to the near response; indeed, there was no overlap between the gains of these neurons and the gains of preganglionic EW neurons. Upon dissociation of vergence from accommodation, they were found to be related to either vergence or to vergence and accommodation but not solely to accommodation.
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Cohen, Tema A., Sullivan D. Ray, Cassidy Audette, and Robert Weis. "College Students’ Access to Academic Accommodations Varies as a Function of School Type, Selectivity, and Cost." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 4, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): p130. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v4n3p130.
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Students with disabilities face many challenges in their pursuit of higher education. Academic accommodations and other educational supports can allow these students to learn, and to demonstrate their learning, in a manner similar to their classmates without disabilities. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the percent of students classified with disabilities and receiving accommodations in college and (2) to see if students’ access to accommodations varies as a function of their college’s type, selectivity, and cost. Overall 4.6% of undergraduate students are formally registered with their school’s disability office. Contrary to expectations, the highest percentage of students with disabilities receiving accommodations are found in America’s most selective and expensive private colleges and universities. The prevalence of students with disabilities at private, liberal arts colleges in particular is almost three times higher than the prevalence at two-year public (i.e., community) colleges. These findings suggest that public colleges should be more proactive in identifying and accommodating students with disabilities and private colleges should be more judicious in their accommodation granting. Colleges should also use principles of universal design to promote the academic success of all students, regardless of their disability status.
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Okungu, Phoebe A., Nora Griffin-Shirley, and Rona L. Pogrund. "Accommodation Needs for Teachers Who are Blind and Teach Students with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 113, no. 3 (May 2019): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x19854902.
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Introduction: This study was intended to explore and identify the experiences and perceptions of teachers of students with visual impairments who are blind concerning their accommodation needs and to establish their opinions on what improvements can be made. Method: A qualitative case study design was used and was collected through interviews, observations, and documents. Participants were four teachers who are blind who taught students with visual impairments in mainstream public and specialized residential schools in the United States. Within-case and cross-case levels of data analysis were used to generate and compare the themes that emerged. Results: The results illuminated accommodation issues for the teachers in the areas of family support, strategies the teachers use, challenges in their workplaces, and suggestions regarding possible improvements. Discussion: This study generated answers to the pertinent research questions. The study has revealed that the participants use different types and forms of accommodations to accomplish tasks. Some accommodations used include computer technology, assistive devices, and sighted assistants. However, the participants expressed that access to these accommodations are not consistent for all individuals who are blind. The participants also identified the accommodation challenges that are related to their blindness and provided suggestions for possible improvements. Implications for practitioners: Teachers of students with visual impairments who are blind need to be self-advocates in their personnel preparation programs and in their workplaces concerning the accommodations they need to accomplish job tasks.
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Zhang, Y., L. E. Mays, and P. D. Gamlin. "Characteristics of near response cells projecting to the oculomotor nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 944–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.4.944.
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1. Previous work has shown neurons just dorsal and lateral to the oculomotor nucleus that increase their firing rate with increases in the angle of ocular convergence. It has been suggested that the output of these midbrain near response cells might provide the vergence command needed by the medial rectus motoneurons. However, lens accommodation ordinarily accompanies convergence, and a subsequent study showed that only about one-half of these midbrain near response cells carried a signal related exclusively to vergence. One hypothesis suggested by this finding is that this subgroup of neurons might have a unique role in providing a "pure" vergence signal to the medial rectus motoneurons. 2. In the present study extracellular recordings were made from midbrain near response cells in monkeys while eye position and lens accommodation were measured. The monkeys viewed targets through an optical system that allowed the accommodative and ocular vergence demands to be manipulated independently. This approach was used to produce a partial dissociation of accommodative and vergence responses, so that an accommodative and vergence coefficient could be determined for each cell, by the use of the following equation FR = R0 + kda x AR + kdv x CR where FR is the firing rate of the near response cell, R0 is the predicted firing rate for a distant target, kda is the (dissociated) accommodation coefficient, AR is the accommodative response, kdv is the (dissociated) vergence coefficient, and CR is the convergence response. 3. The vergence and accommodation coefficients were determined for a large number of midbrain near response cells, including a subset that could be antidromically activated from the medial rectus subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus. Some near response neurons were found with signals related exclusively to convergence (i.e., kdv greater than 0 and kda = 0), whereas several others had signals related exclusively to lens accommodation (i.e., kda greater than 0 and kdv = 0). The majority of the near response cells had signals related to both responses (i.e., kda not equal to 0 and kdv not equal to 0). Furthermore, the vergence and accommodation coefficients of near response cells appeared to be continuously distributed. Some cells had negative accommodation or vergence coefficients. 4. The 17 near response cells that could be antidromically activated from the oculomotor nucleus presumably provide vergence signals to the medial rectus motoneurons. Although all had positive vergence coefficients, only four of these cells carried signals that were related exclusively to vergence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Styers, Bridget A., and Kenneth S. Shultz. "Perceived Reasonableness of Employment Testing Accommodations for Persons with Disabilities." Public Personnel Management 38, no. 3 (September 2009): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600903800305.
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Laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), as well as subsequent legal sanctions, appear to have had limited success in substantially increasing the number of persons with disabilities within the employment context. Therefore, it is critical that a better understanding be developed of both the physical and attitudinal barriers persons with disabilities face with regard to gaining such employment. The present study was conducted to examine how the origin of an applicant's disability, the status of the job being applied for, and the level of test accommodation to be provided influenced perceptions of what was a reasonable pre-employment testing accommodation. Human resources testing professionals from both the public and private sectors rated how reasonable they perceived a variety of testing accommodations to be. The results reveal that origin of disability, job status, and level of accommodation all affected how reasonable a given testing accommodation was perceived to be and that there was significant interaction effects for all three factors. The results of this study also support Stone and Colella's model of the complex nature of workers' reactions to individuals with disabilities in organizations. The implications of the study, as well as needs for future research, are also discussed.
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Nessel, Karolina, Szczepan Kościółek, Ewa Wszendybył-Skulska, and Sebastian Kopera. "Benefit segmentation in the tourist accommodation market based on eWOM attribute ratings." Information Technology & Tourism 23, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40558-021-00200-x.
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AbstractGiven the increasing importance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the global tourism market, the purpose of the study was to estimate weights customers assign to main attributes of tourist accommodations embodied in easily observed eWOM numerical ratings and subsequently to determine segments of customers with homogenous preferences. To this goal, the preferences tourists attach to price and seven other accommodation attributes rated by Internet users on Booking.com were revealed with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Next, a two-stage clustering procedure based on these preferences was undertaken followed by profiling of the clusters in terms of their socio-demographics and travel characteristics. The results show that even if the ranking of the attributes is roughly the same for all the segments (with cleanliness, value for money, and location always in top four), all eight attributes effectively segment tourists into three clusters: “quality-seekers” (45% of the market), “bargain-seekers” (35%), and “cleanliness-seekers” (20%). The segments differ in terms of tourists’ income and expenditures, type of accommodation, actual payer for accommodation, and trip purpose. In contrast, socio-demographics, and most tourists stay variables are alike across the segments. The proposed method of benefit segmentation provides a new perspective for an exploitation of eWOM data by accommodation providers in their marketing strategy.
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Upton, Thomas D., Dennis C. Harper, and John Wadsworth. "Postsecondary Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities: A Comparison of College Students With and Without Disabilities." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.36.3.24.
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This study compared disability knowledge, frequency and intensity of contact, and multidimensional and disability-specific attitudes of 923 college students with (n = 71) and without (n = 852) disabilities at a large Midwestern university. Data indicated participants with disabilities rated themselves as having more extensive disability knowledge and greater frequency and intensity of disability contact as compared to participants without disabilities. Furthermore, scenario date suggested (a) participants with disabilities perceived the subjects of the scenarios as more deserving of college educational accommodation than did their peers without disabilities, (b) both groups of participants chose subjects of scenarios with more obvious educational limitations as deserving of accommodation more frequently than they chose subjects with less obvious limitations, and (c) out of 10 types of educational accommodation, all participants selected similar accommodations across the 12 presented disabilities. Study implications for rehabilitation counselors and future research are suggested.
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Gunderson, Morley, and Douglas Hyatt. "Do Injured Workers Pay for Reasonable Accommodation?" ILR Review 50, no. 1 (October 1996): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399605000106.
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The authors present evidence on the extent to which injured workers in Ontario in 1979–88 “paid,” through lower wages, for “reasonable accommodation” requirements designed to facilitate their return to work after their injury. The data source, the Ontario Workers#x0027; Compensation Board's Survey of Workers with Permanent Impairments, provides detailed information on two categories of accommodation: workplace modifications, such as customized equipment and shortened work schedules; and reductions in physical demands, such as exemption from bending and heavy lifting. Employers who rehired their own injured workers appear to have absorbed virtually all the cost of the accommodations they made, but employers who hired workers who were injured at other firms shifted a substantial portion of the cost of workplace modifications (though not the cost of reductions in physical demands) onto the injured workers, in the form of lower pay.
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Ikaunieks, Gatis, Karola Panke, Madara Segliņa, Aiga Švede, and Gunta Krūmiņa. "Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0065.
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Abstract In children, intensive near-work affects the accommodation system of the eye. Younger children, due to anatomical parameters, read at smaller distance than older children and we can expect that the accommodation system of younger can be affected more than that of older children. We wanted to test this hypothesis. Some authors showed that the norms of amplitude of accommodation (AA) developed by Hofstetter (1950) not always could be applied for children. We also wanted to verify these results. A total of 106 (age 7-15) children participated in the study. Distance visual acuity was measured for all children and only data of children with good visual acuity 1.0 or more (dec. units) were analysed (73 children). Accommodative amplitude was measured before and after lessons using subjective push-up technique (with RAF Near Point Ruler). The results showed that the amplitude of accommodation reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during the day and decrease of AA was similar in different age groups (about ~0.70 D). Additional measurements are needed to verify that the observed changes in AA were associated with fatigue effect. The results showed lower accommodation values compared to average values calculated according to the Hofstetter equation (p < 0.05).
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Vance, Stacy, Amanda Campbell, and Shengli Dong. "Examining Impacts of Mindfulness in Requesting Job Accommodations for Individuals With Disabilities." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 61, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355216683673.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness and the request for job accommodations among individuals with disabilities. One hundred fifty individuals with disabilities who needed a job accommodation completed a survey assessing the cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors involved with requesting job accommodations. Pearson correlations were calculated between scales and subscales measuring mindfulness, positive affect, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions to request accommodations. The results showed significant correlations between mindfulness and all other scales. In addition, multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors on an individual’s intention and decision to request or withhold a request for an accommodation. Mindfulness was not found significant in predicting the intention to request accommodations; however, positive affect, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations accounted for 35% of the variance in intention to request. The interaction between mindfulness and intention to request, along with self-efficacy, was found significant in predicting request behavior. Mindfulness and the interaction between mindfulness and intention to request contributed an additional 8% of the variance in requesting behavior. The results of this study indicate the need for more research into the relationship of mindfulness and the decision to request accommodations.
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Cooper, Vickie. "‘It’s all considered to be unacceptable behaviour’." Probation Journal 63, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550516664145.
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Despite a growing recognition of the intersectional relationship between homelessness and incarceration, we have a limited knowledge about housing policy and practice for people leaving custody and (ex)offender groups in the community. Addressing these gaps, this paper provides an overview of the main local housing authority statutory duties in the provision of housing support for prison leavers and (ex)offenders in England and Wales, and situates the issues with accessing accommodation within the wider context of austerity. The paper presents a case study that explores criminal justice practitioners’ experiences of working with local authority housing agencies. Stemming from 25 interviews with housing practitioners and criminal justice practitioners, the paper outlines the main challenges facing criminal justice agencies as they try to secure accommodation for homeless (ex)offenders and resettle them in the community. Finally, the paper concludes by raising critical questions about the housing options for this population, now and in the future.
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Мосалев, Антон, and Anton Mosalev. "The role of the accommodation sector in tourism routes of the Russian Federarion." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11292.
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The Article presents an analysis of the role of the media sector in the structure created by the placement of tourist routes in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The sample size was 6000 routes in all federal districts of Russia. The problem of poor service provided by the hotel services in Russia is one of the major problems hindering the development of domestic tourism. Value for money and sometimes do not match. Part of the situation could have saved the increasing competition with the hotels listed in the international circuit, which created its own rules of corporate culture, high standards of service, clearly defined for each category of hotel (in terms of stardom). However, this does not justify a revision of its marketing strategy of independent hoteliers. It is also important to pay attention to accommodation, similar to hotels and other accommodation facilities. They are also well represented in the tourist market. According to the author, the low level of service in accommodation facilities is determined not so much by the reluctance of management to improve it, as the structure of demand from tourists and tour operators, to create a product. Most of the routes, which include the need to accommodate tourists, implemented on average, in the area the day — two. At the same time, tourists do not stay in accommodation facilities for a long time and continue your route on. This circumstance serves as an incentive to change the quality of services. Moreover, the article stipulates that personal and other accommodations are well represented in the routes of major federal districts like Central, Ural, Siberia, Far East. Accommodation in hotels more common routes in the North- West, Volga, the Crimea and North Caucasian Federal District. Accommodation facilities, in this case, are the operators of the individual passive format services. However, this strategy cannot be used by all players of the hospitality industry in all federal districts. The specificity of the regions and their remoteness from each other, the price level in the field must be limiting conditions in which hoteliers could develop. It is therefore proposed that the need to actively offer ideas own hiking tour operators or actively interact with them, attracting all new, including the unorganized tourist flows.
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Tarutta, E. P., N. A. Tarasova, G. A. Markosian, S. V. Milash, S. G. Harutyunyan, K. A. Ramazanova, and N. L. Cherednichenko. "Changes in functional, anatomical and optical parameters of the eye in children with habitually excessive accommodation stress and pseudomyopia after regular badminton playing." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 12, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-4-51-63.
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Purpose. To study the state of refraction, accommodation, and blood flow in eye vessels of children with habitually excessive accommodation stress (HEAS) and pseudomyopia practicing badminton.Material and methods. The study involved 11 patients (20 eyes) aged 7 to 11 years (average M±SD: 9.24 ± 1.06 years) with pseudomyopia and HEAS: 4 patients with myopia (7 eyes), 3 children with hyperopia (6 eyes), 4 children with emmetropia (7 eyes) before they started practicing badminton and after playing it for a certain time. All patients were tested for visual acuity, subjective and objective accommodation, optical biometry, aberrometry, velocity of blood flow in eye vessels, and choroidal thickness.Results. After 1 year of regular badminton workout, the subjects revealed a 0.92 ± 0.82 D weakening of manifest refraction, a decrease in accommodation tone by 0.85 ± 0.77 D, an increase in blood flow rate in ophthalmic artery and the central retinal artery, an increase in positive spherical aberration, a decrease in aberrations associated with mismatch and irregularity ofoptical system elements (tilt, trefoil, coma), which indirectly indicates a strengthening of the ligamentous apparatus of the lens.Conclusion. Practicing sports (badminton) contributes to the elimination of pseudomyopia, improvement of uncorrected visual acuity, accommodative ability, and ophthalmic hemodynamics indicators.
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Magno, Francesca, Fabio Cassia, and Marta Maria Ugolini. "Accommodation prices on Airbnb: effects of host experience and market demand." TQM Journal 30, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-12-2017-0164.
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Purpose Accommodation sharing is a major trend shaping the hospitality industry, and Airbnb is the most prominent sharing platform driving this growth. While price convenience is reported as one of the main strengths of Airbnb accommodations, only a few studies have examined price determinants. In particular, it is unclear whether hosts dynamically adjust prices for shared accommodation based on their experience with price management and on the level of market demand. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by suggesting and testing a comprehensive hedonic pricing model. Design/methodology/approach Data from all 1,056 Airbnb listings for accommodations available in the city of Verona, Italy on four booking dates in 2016 are collected and analysed through regression analysis. Findings The results highlight that price is significantly related to the level of the host’s accumulated experience and the level of market demand on a specific booking date. The findings provide support for the ability of hosts to dynamically adjust prices for their accommodations. Practical implications Drawing on the innovator’s dilemma theory, this study suggests some strategies that traditional hotels may adopt to react to the disruptive nature of Airbnb. Originality/value This is one of the few studies to address hosts’ pricing strategies and specifically consider price adjustments owing to variations in host experience and market demand.
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TELLIOGLU, Salih. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SUPPLY CHAINS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE HOTELS." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35226-673.
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The restrictions that started with the Covid-19 outbreak have dramatically affected global supply chains. These issues also were reflected in the operations of many companies in different sectors. This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the supply chain of all-inclusive accommodation companies. To that end, a semi-structured interview questionnaire is used to interview the purchasing directors of twelve different hotels. The study concludes that companies did not face significant challenges, while supplying local food products, but had a hard time, when it came to finding imported food products. Accommodation companies also had issues in certain periods in terms of the supply of hygiene products, especially such as gloves, masks and disinfectants. Moreover, these products have been influential in the supplier selection of companies.
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Alba, Francisco. "Martin Ruhs’The Price of Rights: Flexible accommodation vs. all-encompassing norms?" Migration Studies 3, no. 2 (March 19, 2015): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu049.
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Janjua, Fauzia, and Aamir Majeed. "Translation as Accommodation: Influences of Contextual Factors on a Translator." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n2p42.
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The present study attempts to investigate how contextual factors with ideology as the major component affect the process of translation and influence translators to adopt accommodations in translated text because all translations are ideological in one way or the other because preference of definite terms is motivated by the aims and interests of target society. For this purpose the researcher selected short story ‘Overcoat’ written by renowned Pakistani writer Ghulam Abbas and its English version included in syllabus of intermediate class. The author is a professional Urdu writer whose text is translated by PTB Lahore for academic purpose. The translated text was analyzed and compared and contrasted with the original text to trace the accommodation patterns which are adjustments to adjust target text in new context. The source context is informal, free and wide with a variety of readerships whereas target context is formal, restricted and with a specific type of readerships. Analytical framework is a fusion of Van Dijk (2005) approach of text analysis and Shi’s (2004) model of translation as accommodation. The analytical framework demonstrates that the analysis of the texts starts individually and then after analyzing macro and micro structures of the texts comparatively, draws the conclusion. The findings show that there are significant ideological and cultural accommodations in the target text.
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Cowman, J., and P. Whitty. "Prevalence of housing needs among inpatients: a 1 year audit of housing needs in the acute mental health unit in Tallaght Hospital." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.74.
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ObjectiveThere is a dearth of information relating to the prevalence of housing needs among psychiatric in-patients in Ireland. Most of the information we have to date emerged as a result of attempts to plan for the closure of old psychiatric hospitals and inappropriate community residences. This study sought to identify the prevalence of housing needs among in-patients in the acute psychiatric unit in Tallaght Hospital.MethodsEach week, over a 12-month period, nursing managers and/or key nurses who knew the patients well were asked for numerical data. Information was collected on the numbers of in-patients with accommodation needs, number of delayed discharges due to accommodation needs and number of discharges to homeless accommodation in the previous week.ResultsOn average, 38% of in-patients had accommodation related needs at any one time. Most (98%) of delayed discharges had accommodation related needs. Delayed discharge in-patients with accommodation needs accounted for 28% of all inpatients and for 72% of all inpatients with accommodation related needs.ConclusionsAccommodation need among psychiatric in-patients is underreported. Housing need data should be routinely collected and effective interagency strategies developed to address housing needs.
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Okamoto, Dina, and Melanie Jones Gast. "RACIAL INCLUSION OR ACCOMMODATION?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 10, no. 1 (2013): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x13000131.
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AbstractIn this paper, we examine how community-based organizations (CBOs) and their leaders negotiate and expand the boundaries of the communities they serve and represent. Drawing upon interviews with organizational leaders and documentary data from Asian American CBOs in the San Francisco Bay Area, we find that nearly all of the organizations in our sample engaged in cross-racial work, incorporating other racial groups into their programs, campaigns, and partnerships. However, leaders varied in how they understood this work as tied to maintaining or expanding their community of focus. The majority of the leaders in our sample discussed cross-racial work as a way to accommodate other racial groups while maintaining a focus on Asian Americans or Asian-ethnics. Other leaders included other racial groups, mainly Latinos and African Americans, in expanded missions and goals, broadening not only resources and collective action efforts, but also community boundaries through racial inclusion. We argue that pressures and incentives related to funding, shared interests, and organizational survival may encourage CBOs to engage in cross-racial work, but these factors do not necessarily sustain racial inclusion over time. Instead, how leaders identify and construct a sense of expanded group boundaries for the community that they serve and represent helps an organization to commit to racial inclusion.
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Zanon, Johanna, and Karin Teichmann. "The role of message strategies in promoting eco-friendly accommodations." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 10, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2016-0067.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how different levels of message appeals, message sources and social norms influence the purchase (i.e. booking) intention of eco-accommodations. Design/methodology/approach The proposed hypothesis was tested using a 2 (message appeal; rational vs emotional) × 2 (message source; expert vs blogger) × 2 (social norm; injunctive vs descriptive) between-subject experimental online design. Findings Advertising appeals and social norms are major predictors of eco-accommodation’s ad effectiveness and message appeals, sources and social norms, and their classifications interrelate with each other. The highest intention to purchase an eco-accommodation was found for a promotional message, which is sent by an expert, expresses a rational appeal and includes a descriptive social norm. Perceived emotional value in contrast was increased with a blogger statement including an emotional appeal and an injunctive social norm. Research limitations/implications The used experiment only focused on one product, namely, eco-friendly accommodations. The impacts of different message contents might vary as a function of the promoted product. Practical implications To develop persuasive messages which combine all three message contents, experts should craft messages with rational characteristics and address a descriptive social norm. Originality/value Although consumers show a desire to buy eco-friendly tourism products, it seems that supply actually overweighs demand. As research in the field of eco-accommodations is still limited, this study examines the role of different combined promotional message contents to further clarify the apparent gap in green consumption.
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Tarutta, E. P., S. V. Milash, and M. V. Epishina. "Accommodation Dynamics in Children Wearing Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses with High Addition Power." EYE GLAZ 23, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2021-1-7-14.
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Purpose: to evaluate dynamics of subjective and objective accommodation in children wearing bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCLs) for myopia control with +4.00 D addition power. M e t h o d s: the study involved 22 patients (44 eyes).Mean age amounted to 10.1 ± 1.46 years and mean myopic refraction amounted to –3.21 ± 1.23 D. Patients were fitted Prima BIO Bi-focal BSCLs (OKVision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent cycloplegic refraction assessed with Auto Ref/Keratometer ARK 530A (Nidek, Japan), had axial length measured with IOL Master 500 optical biometry device (Carl Zeiss, Germany), had positive relative accommodation (PRA) assessed with and without lenses and had binocular (BAR) and monocular (MAR) accommodative response assessed at a distance of 33 cm with WAM-5500 Binocular Accommodation Auto Ref/Keratometer (Grand Seiko, Japan) prior to wearing BSCLs as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after wearing BSCLs.Results: neither MAR nor BAR measured without lenses changed after 3, 6 and 12 months of wearing BSCLs (p >0,05). A change in PRA evaluated without lenses was noted after 12 months (p < 0,05). PRA evaluated with lenses after 3, 6 and 12 months differed from baseline significantly (p < 0,001). Over 12 months of wearing BSCLs, changes in AL (0.09 ± 0.17 mm) and cycloplegic refraction (0.3 ±0.43 D) correlated with baseline BAR and MAR loosely. C o n c l u s i o n: objective accommodation (MAR and BAR) did not change in the course of wearing BSCLs with +4.00 D addition power. Increase in PRA evaluated without BSCLs may be associated with improvement of accommodation due to a full correction in the optic zone. The gradual increase in PRA evaluated with BSCLs probably indicates an adaptation of patients to addition zone in near vision conditions.
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Portolan, Ana. "Private accommodation in tourist destination offer - the case of Dubrovnik." Tourism and hospitality management 16, no. 2 (December 2010): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.16.2.9.
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For a long time basic accommodation capacities represented the dominant type of accommodation in tourist offer, while at the same time complementary accommodation capacities were neglected. However, recently there has been a growing interest for complementary, substitute types of tourist accommodation, both in the Republic of Croatia and in Dubrovnik, where since 2000 a significant increase of over night stays has been registered, especially in private accommodation. In this paper rooms, apartments, studio apartments and holiday houses owned by physical entities are referred to as private accommodation. Private accommodation enables tourists to engage in everyday life of local residents, learn about history, tradition and culture of a destination. Thus, a tourist may experience and taste the beauties and attractions of a place, truly enjoy autochthonous products and services, as well as obtain genuine knowledge on authentic attractions and tourist offer of a destination. Inadequate offer of private tourist accommodation has negative influence when forming the overall tourist offer of a destination. Poor quality of accommodation units, unprofessional conduct of holders of tourist accommodation offer towards consumers and lack of interest for the needs and wishes of the consumer of this complementary accommodation have all contributed in creating a bad image on this kind of accommodation in tourist offer. Consequently, this paper aims, by analysing the consumers of private tourist accommodation, to point out the importance of private accommodation in overal tourist offer of a destination, to prove that private accommodation tourist offer attracts an increasing number of tourists, and propose to local tourist administration directives on how to create a more efficient procedure in order to ensure a more efficient and better quality administration of tourist private accommodation offer, aiming to improve the overall tourist offer at a destination.
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Griffin, Tom, and Robin Nunkoo. "Paid accommodation use of international VFR multi-destination travellers." Tourism Review 71, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-09-2015-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of paid accommodation by international visitors who also stay with a friend or relative in another destination. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts analysis of secondary data to look at the proportion of person nights in paid accommodation attributable to visitors who also stay with a friend or relative in another destination, and comparison of different visitor groups and their likelihood to use paid accommodation. Findings Results show that 14.5 per cent of all person nights spent by international visitors to Canada in paid accommodations were attributable to people who also stayed with a friend or relative in another destination. This proportion is higher for destinations outside of the largest cities and varies by source market. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited the structure of the secondary data set, which does not separate visiting friends from visiting relatives, and does not capture host behaviour. Practical implications This paper has implications for destination marketers and tourism businesses as a source for reflection on drivers of their local and international business. Social implications This paper helps position residents in a more central role regarding tourism in their regions and should encourage marketers and service providers to appreciate and engage residents as hosts. Originality/value This paper offers an original position by combining concepts from visiting friends and relatives and multi-destination travel that provides a foundation for further research in this area.
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Mutlu Öztürk, H., and H. K. Öztürk. "Maintenance and maintenance management systems in accommodation." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 96 (October 1, 2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7938.
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Purpose: of this study is to address the issue of maintenance work in the accommodation sector. The development of the means of transport, the increase in income level and the increase in comfort level create a desire for people to travel more. In the travels to different cities, accommodation facilities such as hotels, holiday villages and apartments are used. Customer satisfaction is very important for the accommodation facilities. In order to ensure customer satisfaction, the services provided should not be interrupted and all machinery and equipment must be in working condition. To ensure this, it is very important to carry out maintenance work on the plants and devices. Therefore, the establishment of a maintenance management system in accommodation facilities is very important and it is necessary to carry out maintenance work. In this context, different maintenance methods are applied in accommodation facilities. In this study, maintenance of accommodation facilities is discussed. Design/methodology/approach: Within the scope of the study, maintenance and maintenance management in accommodation facilities are discussed. The maintenance principles of accommodation facilities are discussed in detail. The places where maintenance services are conducted in accommodation facilities and maintenance methods are discussed. Findings: This study shows that that the implementation of maintenance management system will increase customer satisfaction. It has been evaluated that maintenance can be successful not only by maintenance personnel but also with the participation of all plant employees. Research limitations/implications: In order to see the importance of maintenance in accommodation facilities, it will be appropriate to compare the hotels with the maintenance management system applied and the hotels that are not implemented in terms of customer satisfaction and maintenance expenses. For the future studies, the maintenance management system in hotels can be examined in detail. Practical implications: Expanding the maintenance management practices in accommodation facilities will increase the capacity utilization rate of the hotels and increase customer satisfaction. Originality/value: In the field of maintenance, detailed studies have been carried out in the manufacturing sector for a long time and have been examined in detail. However, work in this area is quite limited, especially in accommodation facilities and hotels. In this study, the subject of accommodation facilities and maintenance of hotels was discussed in detail.
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Gasanova, A. M., E. V. Yarovenko, and A. E. Shikhragimova. "SPATIAL ACCOMMODATION OF A RARE PLANT NONEA DECURRENS (C.A. MEY.) G. DON FIL IN THE FOOTHILLS OF DAGESTAN." BOTANICAL HERALD OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS 6, no. 2 (2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33580/2409-2444-2020-6-2-34-45.
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This work was carried out within the framework of a long-term comprehensive study of the endemic species of the Eastern Caucasus — Nonea decurrens (С.А. Мey.) G. Don fil and is devoted to the study of the spatial accommodation of individuals of the species in various ecological conditions on 6 model areas in the lower foothills of Dagestan. Determination of the type of spatial accommodation was carried out using the method of squares and confirmed by the statistical tests Chisquare and Odum's index. It was revealed that, individuals of Nonea decurrens are accommodation in groups on the territory of growth. When examining the established transects on permanent areas, elementary small and united large accumulations of individuals of the studied species of different age states (pregenerative and generative) were revealed. The population density of Nonea decurrens in the area where the species grows was 0.65 pieces / m2, the length of elementary aggregations on transects was 8.9 m, and the density of individuals in them was 30.4 pieces / m2. The length of the intervals between the accumulations was 1.1 m, and the density of individuals here was 0.16 pcs / m2. The discreteness of accumulations is set at 0.97, which reveals a clear delimitation of those from each other, and the degree of remoteness of accumulations (0.3) demonstrates the group type of accommodations of individuals of the species under study at all model areas.
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Mrnjavac, Edna, Nadia Pavia, and Marta Cerović. "Logistics in providing private accommodation services in Primorsko-goranska county." Tourism and hospitality management 20, no. 2 (2014): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.20.2.7.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find a concept for optimizing cost and revenue from providing private accommodation services. The aim is to display how linking all participants who provide private accommodation services into a logistics network will result in better and higher quality service for the guest and in reduced cost for the private accommodation provider. Design – This study researches private accommodation providers in the Primorsko - Goranska County. Primorsko - Goranska County has great potential for providing private accommodation services, but it does not have a well-organized system which could improve the quality of the provided services. Methodology – To prove the study’s thesis, scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, methods of induction and deduction, as well as historic and statistical methods have been employed. Furthermore, it includes data from the Department of Tourism, Office of the Croatian Government in Rijeka, as well as data obtained from the local Association of Private Accommodation HGK – PGŽ (Croatian Chamber of Economy in the Primorsko – Goranska County), data from the statistical yearbook, Institute for tourism as well as data from the Croatian Ministry of Tourism and other scientific and professional literature. Approach – The authors aim to prove that by linking all participants in the process of providing private accommodation into a logistics network would increase the quality of the service and simultaneously optimize the costs. The logistic solution which will be proposed in the “Results” section will provide answers to the suggestion whether private accommodation providers should enter into a system with its business surroundings, i.e. travel agencies, local administration community systems, tourist boards, commercial service associations, state institutions, etc. Findings – This research has reached the conclusion that private accommodation providers do not satisfy the principles of the logistic concept and that other participants in the process of providing private accommodation services (institutions) do not adequately support them. The logistic concept is not the final solution, but a foundation for further research. Originality of the research – This paper represents a valuable contribution to research into private accommodation as a phenomenon in the accommodation structure and accommodation services at the level of the Primorsko – Goranska County as well as the Republic of Croatia as a whole. A logistic concept is provided which could solve the problem of poor organization that many private accommodation owners face and it could also possibly have a practical effect on both private accommodation owners and managers. The paper also enriches the overall amount of scientific literature in the field of logistics, organization and management in tourism.
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Afsar, Adnan, Rashid Asghar Khan, and Muhammad Imshad Khan. "Association of range of accommodation with fully corrected refractive errors." International Journal of Family & Community Medicine 5 (July 2, 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijfcm.2021.05.00230.
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Background: To study whether the range of accommodation differs in myopes and hypermetropes than normal population. Purpose: To study the range of accommodation in myopes and hypermetropes in comparison to normal population in different age groups. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at MHL from January 2018 to October 2018. Total 99 patients were enrolled in this study who had refractive errors. All patients were included who had 10 – 55 years age. Both genders were included. Both myopic and hypermetropic patients were included having fully corrected myopia and hypermetropia. Patients with any ocular pathologies were excluded. All patients who were included in this study had complete ocular and posterior chamber examination from ophthalmologist. There visual acuity was recorded using Snellen`s visual acuity chart and recorded in Snellen notation. Near vision was assessed on near vision chart. Then range of accommodation will be measured by RAF meter. All data entered and analyzed by SPSS 20 (Statically package for social scientist). Bar charts and Pie charts were used to describe qualitative data and range, mean, S.Dwere used to express quantitative data. For data normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilktest used and showed that all parameters are non-parametric as p value is ≤ 0.05 (p = 0.000). Results: Total 99individuals were analyzed who had refractive errors. There were 60 female and 39male individuals. Avg age of individuals was 21 with standard deviation ±3. Association of rang of accommodation between hypermetropes and emmetropes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.001 in all points. Association of rang of accommodation between emmetropes and myopes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.142, 0.224 and 0.315 accordingly. Conclusion: Association of rang of accommodation is significant between emmetropes and hypermetropes (p=0.001). But there is no significant association of rang of accommodation between Myopes and emmetropes (p=0.224).
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Hudson, Jeffrey A., Gregory F. Zehner, and Richard S. Meindl. "The USAF Multivariate Accommodation Method." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201013.
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The USAF has been using a multivariate method for specifying pilot body size for nearly ten years. The Multivariate Accommodation software was originally written for a VMS environment using the statistical package SAS. It is now available for PC computers. The program is based on the CADRE statistical method developed by Bittner (1987), and the Anthropometric Database at the Computerized Anthropometric Research and Design Laboratory (Robinson et al., 1992), and has been very effective in increasing body size accommodation in USAF cockpit designs. The technique relies on principal component analysis which describes the variation of the original multivariate distribution with a set of orthogonal axes (principal components). Selection of the anthropometric measurements, the number of principal components used to represent the variation in their distribution, and a full understanding of the assumptions implicit in the model are all critical in generating useful representative accommodation cases. The authors will discuss previous applications of the method as well as demonstrate its limitations when used outside of cockpit/workstation designs.