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Journal articles on the topic 'Accordo TRIPs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Spoto, Giuseppe. "Luci e ombre del sistema multilaterale degli accordi internazionali sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli." Przegląd Prawa Rolnego, no. 2(29) (December 30, 2021): 423–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppr.2021.29.2.22.

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Anche se le regolazioni sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli si sono evoluti dagli obiettivi di piena liberalizzazione perseguiti per il commercio dei prodotti industriali, le regole del GATT sono state applicate fin dall’inizio. L’autore dell’articolo ricostruisce il quadro normativo delle fonti internazionali, con particolare attenzione all’Accordo SPS (sulle misure sanitarie e fitosanitarie), all’Accordo TBT (sulle barriere tecniche al commercio), e all’Accordo TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights; Accordo sugli aspetti commerciali dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale). La sec

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Tijou, Brigitte. "Accords TRIPS : l'autre mondialisation." Vacarme 9, no. 3 (1999): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vaca.009.0035.

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Brudon, Pascale. "Accès aux médicaments et accord TRIPS." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 17 (April 1, 1998): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.762.

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4

Roelofs, L. "Is Panpsychism at Odds with Science?" Journal of Consciousness Studies 28, no. 9 (2021): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.28.9.116.

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Galileo's Error is a superlative work of public philosophy, particularly as a way of introducing modern academic panpsychism to a broader audience. In this commentary, I reflect on an issue that is prominent, though often with different background concerns, in both academic and popular discourse: what it means to be 'scientific' or 'unscientific'. Panpsychism is not itself a scientific hypothesis, but neither is it (as critics sometimes claim) in conflict with science. Indeed, Goff argues, and I agree, that panpsychism is an eminently scientific worldview, in the sense of a way of viewing real

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Khan, Ashfaque H., and Zafar Mahmood. "Emerging Global Trading Environment: Challenges for Pakistan." Asian Development Review 14, no. 02 (1996): 73–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110596000097.

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This paper attempts to identify the opportunities opened up by the Uruguay Agreement, costs imposed by it, and the manner in which growing regionalism and interface of trade with labor and environmental standards are expected to influence Pakistan’s trade prospects. This paper also suggests response strategies so that Pakistan can maximize gains or minimize the damage from the changes contemplated in the Agreement. Pakistan’s exports are likely to receive significant tariff and nontariff reduction in their destination. However, market access will only materialize if domestic producers observe

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Mahmood, Zafar. "WTO and Pakistan: Opportunities and Policy Challenges." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (1998): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.687-701.

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From its inception the GATT had guided international trade most successfully until the early 1970s. However, afterwards the developed countries (DCs) increasingly recurred to new forms of trade restrictions not covered by the GATT rules. Ironically, these “grey measures” were mostly against the less developed countries (LDCs). These measures constrained international trade exactly at the time when the LDCs started penetrating developed markets. One of the main objectives of the Uruguay Round (UR) accord was to restrict the surge of protectionism. The accord was the most ambitious and detailed

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Castellini, Alessandra, and Cinzia Pisano. "L'impatto degli accordi Euro-mediterranei sull'ortofrutta italiana: alcuni risultati." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 2 (October 2009): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2009-002006.

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- Sector: some Results Since 1995, the Barcelona Process aims to establish a free trade area between Mediterranean countries by 2010. The most commercialized products from Mediterranean countries are fruit and vegetables. The agreement defines, only for some products, preferences at the entrance of the eu market, limited concession for each partner for single products, limited quantities and calendars. This work tries to analyse the impact of the liberalization on the Italian products applying a gravity model in order to asses the Italian import flows from eight Mediterranean countries which s

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Ponomareva, Elena. "Traps and dilemmas of Peace accord or what future is in front of BiH?" Politea 1, no. 2 (2011): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pol1102219p.

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Hingun, Mohsin, and Rahamatthunnisa Mohamed Nizamuddin. "AMENDING SECTION 84 PATENTS ACT 1983 TO ENCOMPASS THE HEALTH FLEXIBILITIES LEVERAGE ACCORDED BY ARTICLE 31bis TRIPS AGREEMENT." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 11 (July 31, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.11.2.2020.8052.

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The significance of this study lies in its proposal to insert an appropriate provision into the Patents Act 1983 to embody the provisions of Article 31bis TRIPS Agreement. The methodology adopted in this study is library-based, and relies extensively on primary sources such as the Paris Convention, TRIPS Agreement and Patents Act 1983. This is further supported through secondary sources such as articles, books, websites and newspaper reports. The research question posed in this study aims to identify the most appropriate provision that should be incorporated into the Patents Act 1983 in addres

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Matusiak, Michał. "ARTEMIS ACCORDS – A NEW ERA OF SPACE LAW OR AN INITIATIVE OF THE WORLD’S SUPERPOWER?" Studia Iuridica, no. 97 (September 20, 2023): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2023-97.11.

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The article below addresses the Artemis Accords. It is a non-binding act by which its signatories adopted a set of principles for space exploration. Even though it is not an international treaty, it is a controversial issue. The author presents the Artemis Accords against the background of international agreements, soft-law and domestic regulations, aiming to answer the question of their revolutionary character and of them being an agreement between states that strive for a common goal. Firstly, the author presents the problem of space mining and the related possibilities. There are numerous b

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Beiter, Klaus D. "Reductionist Intellectual Property Protection and Expansionist (and “Prodevelopment”) Competition Rules as a Human Rights Imperative? Enhancing Technology Transfer to the Global South." Law and Development Review 14, no. 1 (2021): 215–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2020-0079.

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Abstract Increasingly, the economy of industrialised countries moves away from being based on a multiplicity of independent innovators to one characterised by cross-licensing and the pooling of intellectual property (IP) rights. Competition law is accorded a more limited role. Refusals to license or restrictive licence terms are tolerated. This paradigm emphasises the innovation at the expense of the dissemination rationale of IP and competition law. The pressure on developing countries is to follow suit. However, this approach jeopardises overcoming the technology dependence of these states.

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Boëne, Bernard. "Method and Substance in the Military Field." European Journal of Sociology 49, no. 3 (2008): 367–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975609000149.

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AbstractThis article tries to assess the cognitive merits of various research programmes in the treatment of military issues. It contends that, on such topics more than on others, method influences conceptualization and theory construction. Having noted the infrequent showings of some programmes in the military field, it goes on to demonstrate, based on the literature produced over a century, that the blames laid at positivism's door are especially justified in it. The Weberian/Simmelian tradition has shown more promise. A brief synthetic formulation of its achievements suggests that it alone

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Al-Shawabkeh, Nawal Abdul Rhhman, and Fatima Mohammad Olaimat. "Trips in “The Stranger’s Letter to the Beloved” Abu Asida Al-Baja’i: An objective study." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 51, no. 1 (2024): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i1.1916.

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Objectives: This study illuminates key aspects of Abu Asida al-Baja’i's travel literature, "The Stranger’s Letter to the Beloved." It aims to explore the literary and scientific value of the trip, offering insights beneficial to literary scholars, writers, and researchers in the field of travel literature. Despite its significance, this trip has not received the attention accorded to others in the past, warranting a closer examination. Methods: The study adopted an inductive-analytical approach to trace the contents of the “The Stranger’s Letter to the Beloved”, and to present an overview of t

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Turcan, Nicolae. "Memento mori as Repetition of Finitude: Death beyond Heidegger and Levinas." Diakrisis Yearbook of Theology and Philosophy 4 (May 31, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/diakrisis.2021.2.

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Exemplified especially by Heidegger and Levinas, the phenomenology of death expresses first, the impossibility of the death experience, second, the authenticity of Dasein starting from the horizon opened by the possibility of death, and third, the relevance of the death of the other to the discovery of one’s own death. This article tries to take a step further, showing the link between the authenticity of Dasein and the desire for immortality manifested in this authenticity. By overturning Heidegger’s theses and by affirming both the necessity of an authentication of death itself—in accord wit

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Zreik, Raef. "War and Self-Defense: Some Reflections on the War on Gaza." Analyse & Kritik 46, no. 1 (2024): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2024-2013.

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Abstract This paper reflects on the current war on Gaza in 2024 that followed the Hamas attack on October 7th 2023, reading the events is a wider historical context. The paper has three main parts. In the first part, the paper argues against the fragmentation of the question of Palestine historically and geographically, arguing instead for the importance of the overall context of the conflict. The second part considers the issue of Palestinian resistance. How can the Palestinians resist occupation? This part is mainly descriptive and indicates the impasse that the Palestinians found themselves

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Bagchi, Barnita. "Transcultural Utopian Imagination and the Future: Tagore, Gandhi, Andrews, and India–Britain Entanglements in the Early 1930s." Utopian Studies 33, no. 2 (2022): 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.33.2.0206.

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ABSTRACT This article focuses on the transcultural utopian imaginings of futures in early twentieth-century India and Britain, with Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, anticolonial politician M. K. Gandhi, and British Christian activist C. F. Andrews at the center. Homing in on two trips made to England by Tagore (1930) and Gandhi (1931), especially their visits to Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, and on Gandhi’s visit to Lancashire, the article shows how British Christian and Quaker utopians and Indian utopians cooperated with each other. The article excavates the utopian experiments of

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Hargrove, J. W., M. T. P. Holloway, G. A. Vale, A. J. E. Gough, and D. R. Hall. "Catches of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) from traps and targets baited with large doses of natural and synthetic host odour." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 2 (1995): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034295.

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AbstractIn Zimbabwe, catches of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen, at an odour source produced by up to 60 tonnes of cattle, fell by 90% from April to October 1987. With the time effect removed, the catches were: positively correlated with daily maximum temperature; up to twice as high with a trap as with an electrified target; and unaffected by the presence of an incomplete ring of electrified netting (11.5 m diameter) around the catching site. Catches increased as a power of bait mass in accord with the theory of odour dispersal. The power was ca. 0.32–0.44 for G

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Tang, Yue, Hao Chen, Bo Wang, Muzi Chen, Min Chen, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Discriminant Analysis of Zero Recovery for China's NPL." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2009 (June 3, 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/594793.

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Classification of whether recovery of non-performing loans (NPL) is zero or positive is not only important in management of non-performing loans, but also is essential for estimating recovery rate and implementing the new Basel Capital Accord. Based on the largest database of NPL's recovering information in China, this paper tries to establish discriminant models to predict the loan with zero recovery. We first use Step-wise discrimination method to select variables; then give an in-depth analysis on why the selected variables are important factors influencing whether a loan is zero or positiv

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Muzari, M. O., and J. W. Hargrove. "The design of target barriers for tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 5 (1996): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300039377.

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AbstractTwo small-scale experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of narrow target barriers against re-invasion by Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. m. morsitans Westwood. The barriers consisted of either one or two lines of targets, with the targets placed at distances of c. 16 m apart within the lines. At this spacing the targets are so close together that a fly could scarcely fail to see at least one target as it crossed the barrier. Nonetheless, in both cases, flies penetrated the barriers with probability c. 10% as judged by catches in odour-baited traps on either side of the

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20

Rahman, Pervez. "The Citizenship Amendment Act and its Correspondence with the Assam Accord and the NRC: A Constitutional Analysis." Journal of Legal Studies & Research 09, no. 01 (2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jlsr.2023.9103.

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This research paper aims to comprehend the Citizenship Amendment Act’s provisions in light of the Constitution’s requirements while also looking at the Act’s connections to the Assam Accord and the National Register of Citizens. The Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019’s primary goal is to allow citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Christians, Parsis, and Jains who escaped religious persecution in adjoining countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan before December 31, 2019, yet it rejects Muslim refugees from those equivalent nations. Since Muslims are isolated from their partners

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FAITH, DANIEL P., FRANK KÖHLER, LOUISE PUSLEDNIK, and J. W. O. BALLARD. "Corroboration assessments and recent progress towards integrative systematics: a reply to Farris and Carpenter." Zootaxa 3235, no. 1 (2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3235.1.6.

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As part of the Zootaxa special issue on molecules and morphology in systematics, Faith et al. (2011) discussed how corroboration assessment can support integrative systematics. They argued that integrative systematics should be open to a wide variety of potential supporting evidence for phylogenetic (or species) hypotheses, with the condition that (p. 52) “there would be a requirement that all such supporting evidence be exposed to a skeptical assessment that, in effect, tries to ‘explain the evidence away’”. Faith et al. (2011) argued that corroboration assessment provides this critical exami

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Farsi, Roghayeh. "Genre Analysis of Ashbery’s “Sonnet”." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 1 (2016): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.1p.266.

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This study carries out genre analysis of John Ashbery’s poem, “Sonnet”. Swalesian genre analysis gives a systematic scrutiny into the moves a text makes to communicate its intentions to the members of a discourse unity. Investigating the applicability of genre analysis to a literary text and revealing its strong and weak points are the main targets of the paper. The paper casts light on the way Ashbery foregrounds the audience’s expectations molded by four competences: generic, stylistic, rhetoric-linguistic, and pragma-ideological. There is mention of the moves and steps the poet makes to com

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Alsharif, Mohammad, Annuar Md Nassir, Fakarudin Kamarudin, and M. A. Zariyawati. "The productivity of GCC Islamic and conventional banks after Basel III announcement." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10, no. 5 (2019): 770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2017-0050.

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Purpose This study aims to analyse Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Islamic and conventional banks’ productivity and to investigate the impact of Basel III on their productivity change. This study is conducted on 73 GCC banks (45 conventional and 28 Islamic) over the period of 2005-2015. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the data envelopment analysis-type Malmquist productivity change index and its component indexes to obtain a deep insight into the source of productivity change. Findings The results show that Islamic banks are less productive than their conventional counterparts. Also

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Bradshaw, SD, and G. Death. "Variation in Condition Indexes Due to Climatic and Seasonal Factors in an Australian Desert Lizard, Amphibolurus-Nuchalis." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 4 (1991): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910373.

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The precise nature of the allometric relationships between body size and body mass, water content and solid matter was derived from a sample of over 700 lizards of the agamid species Amphibolurus nuchalis (= Ctenophorus inermis), collected during 1969-82 at Shark Bay in Western Australia. Three condition indices relating each variable to body size, as expressed by snout-vent length, were derived from these allometric relationships for male, female and juvenile lizards. The formation of condition indices was compared to analysis of covariance as a method of analysis of such data. Variation in t

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Bhattacharyya Baruah, Polakshi, and Anupam Dutta. "Factors Affecting the Adaptability of Digitalized mode of Payment among the Small Traders: A Logit Model Analysis." Review of Finance and Banking 12, no. 2 (2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/rfb.20.12.02.01.

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Digitalization has gained momentum in recent years in all sphere of life aroundthe globe. It has become an important factor of deÖning modernization, and instrumentalin speeding up economic growth by ensuring more transparency. After demonetization andemphasis on cashless transaction, digitalized mode of payment is being prioritized. Accord-ingly, government of India launched several schemes focusing on imparting training on digitalliteracy, but research shows that a section of population is still not adopting this digitaliza-tion process. This study tries to Önd the factors responsible for ex

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Lopes, José Dias. "How the financial crisis has changed the research agenda on banking regulation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 3 (2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i3_p5.

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The effects of the financial crisis, which began in 2007, were many and various. This paper examines those effects in the banking regulation and supervision research agendas. The crisis, as the most important economic and social event of the beginning of this century, has triggered debates in multiple spaces and across frameworks, in politics, the media, social networks, and elsewhere. As the crisis was focused in the financial sector, it is natural for the published academic investigation of the regulation of this sector to have suffered changes. With this paper, the author tries to understan

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Abdullah, Mohammed Mahmood, Raad Fajer Ftayh, Laith Rafea Khalaf, and Bushra Salman Husain Al-Obaidi. "Weapons of Mass Destruction and International Law." Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 5 (2024): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3920.

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Background: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), biological and chemical weapons – have long presented serious dangers to global security. Recognizing the catastrophic potential of these weapons, the international community has worked to build legal frameworks to prevent their spread and deployment. Objective: With an emphasis on compliance methods and enforcement techniques, this article tries to assess international law's effectiveness on WMDs critically. Methods: The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) wer

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Daugirdaitė, Solveiga. "Autobiography and Soviet Lithuanian Women Writers." Colloquia 32 (June 1, 2014): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/col.2014.29239.

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This article focuses on autobiographies by women writers published in the last, two-volume version of a collection titled Tarybinių lietuvos rašytojų autobiografijos (Autobiographies of Soviet Lithuanian Writers), published in 1989 (previous versions appeared in 1957, 1967, and 1977). Solveiga Daugirdaitė explores what women writers felt it was appropriate to say about themselves to their society, and what can be gleaned from their statements about the nature of that society, the strengths and weaknesses it accorded its female members, the demands it made on them, the “spirit of the times”, an

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Lange, Dierk. "Sao Traditions of Makari South of Lake Chad." Anthropos 116, no. 1 (2021): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2021-1-111.

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The present study tries to solve the enigma of the legendary Sao on the basis of the traditions of the city-state of Makari south of Lake Chad. It analyses the town’s king list, its oral traditions and its ritual heritage in the light of the Assyrian hypothesis (put forward by the author in several publications). It suggests that Makari’s ancient traditions correspond to extensive transcontinental projections which underwent important transformations by processes of localization. By resetting the traditions in their original Mespotamian context, it shows that the Sao were the Neo-Assyrian conq

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Moisă, Claudia. "SOME ASPECTS REGARDING TOURISM AND YOUTH’S MOBILITY." Tourism and hospitality management 14, no. 1 (2007): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.14.1.13.

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To many countries of world, youth tourism represents the movement of the youth, that have a higher education, which represents an important income, source for that countries. Very important is the relationship between the tourism and various operational exchange programmes for students, as SOCRATES and ERASMUS for Europe or the European Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for intercultural exchanges between the students. Beginning from the Antiquity, wealthy young people had the privilege to discover the world and to aquisit new knowledge over practicing tourism abroad, the educational t

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Klein, Hans. "Die historisch-kritische Methode der Bibelauslegung." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 6, no. 3 (2014): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ress-2014-0128.

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Abstract The historical-critical method of biblical exegesis has its roots in Humanism and in the Enlightenment. Humanism situated the Bible in the series of ancient texts, whilst the Enlightenment sought the rational elements in the message of the Bible. The method, developed over a long period of time, proceeds from the assumption that the Bible has a message, first and foremost, for the respective era. This is why it tries to distil the demands and consolations of the Bible on the basis of (historical) knowledge about the respective era, and to sound the depths of its message for the presen

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Utama, Bhakti Putra, Shary Charlotte Pattipeilhy, and Dr Reni Windiani. "Towards Perpetual Peace: The Dynamics of US and Vietnam Relations Since The Settlement of Agent Orange Case in 2000." Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 21, no. 2 (2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v21i2.394.

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Agent Orange is a toxic chemical liquid used by the United States military during the Vietnam War in 1955-1975. The use of chemical weapons is classified as a form of crime due to violations of international agreements. This research tries to explain how Agent Orange has become a significant factor in the dynamics of relations between the US and Vietnam. The dynamics will be analyzed using the concept by Immanuel Kant. There are 6 articles that must be done to achieve lasting peace, but this article only discusses articles 1, 5, and 6 which are the basis for the establishment of perpetual peac

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Noura Ali Abdallah, Noura Ali Abdallah. "The implications of Qassem Soleimani assassination on US- Iranian relations: تداعيات اغتيال قاسم سليماني على العلاقات الأمريكية الإيرانية". مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 6, № 4 (2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.r040821.

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This study deals with the repercussions of the assassination of Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani on US- Iranian relations, and the US- Iranian escalation and tension in Iraq and the entire surrounding region. The study tries to determine the indicators of the US- Iranian escalation and the effect of the bombing incident near Baghdad Airport on January 4, 2020, at the interior of Iranian, and at the regional and international level. It seeks to estimate the potential for escalation between the United States of America and Iran; the latter surprised the group of 4 + 1 countries on the

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Swanson, Joel Howard. "A Pathologically Abnormal Situation: Le Cercle Gaston Crémieux and the [Im]Possibility of an Anti-National Jewishness." Religions 13, no. 11 (2022): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13111018.

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This paper examines the diasporist French Jewish political group, Le Cercle Gaston Crémieux, founded in 1967 “to promote a diasporic Jewish existence without subjugation to the synagogue or to Zionism”. In contrast to either an assimilationist model which demanded the acceptance of French national identity in the public sphere, or a Zionist model of Jewish nationalism, the Cercle offered a model in which the state of exile and diaspora becomes constitutive of Jewish identity, positioned as an alternate mode of being-in-the-world defined against white Christian European nationalism. Yet to expo

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Mukherje, Bipul Biplav. "Sustainable Finance in the Policies of New Development Bank: Prospects and Challenges." Governance and Politics 2, no. 1 (2023): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2782-7062-2023-2-1-51-68.

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New Development Bank (NDB), the BRICS-led development bank, is tasked with implementing sustainable finance tools to pursue sustainable development among its member countries. With COVID-19 ravaging global and regional economies, it is imperative that NDB and its member states find long-term solutions through sustainable financing. NDB’s General Strategy: 2017- 2021 laid the foundation for operations to mitigate some of the development challenges, as stated in its annual report of 2020. Moreover, sustainable financing will continue to be used in the new strategy 2022-2026. Based on the concept

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Zhang, Peng, Chao Li, Wentao Li, and Xiumei Zhang. "Effect of an escape vent in accordion-shaped traps on the catch and size of Asian paddle crabs Charybdis japonica in an artificial reef area." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 34, no. 6 (2016): 1238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5114-1.

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Chase, Claude. "NORM CONFLICT BETWEEN WTO COVERED AGREEMENTS—REAL, APPARENT OR AVOIDED?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, no. 4 (2012): 791–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589312000358.

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AbstractThis article explores the issue of norm conflict in the context of specific multilateral agreements that are administered and enforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Any discussion of norm conflict between treaty provisions must necessarily draw a critical distinction between an apparent conflict, on the one hand, and a real conflict, on the other hand. An apparent conflict is one w

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Hołub, Grzegorz. "Human dignity, speciesism, and the value of life." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 14, no. 4 (2016): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2016.14.4.04.

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This paper deals with a discussion concerning the value of life. Specifically, it addresses the idea of speciesism, a term coined by Peter Singer, whereby human life is endowed with special significance because of its membership in the species Homo sapiens. For Singer, it is an example of erroneous thinking. On such an account, the idea of human dignity seems to be highly problematic. In this article, the author directs a number of critical voices, both methodological and ontological, toward scepticism concerning a species belonging. He argues that natural species play quite important roles in

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Sharma, Rajendra. "Contract for Peace: Peace Agreements and its Security Implication." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 3, no. 1 (2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v3i1.27527.

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Negotiated settlements have been increasingly accepted as the preferred way of ending civil wars. Studies show that only 50 percent of negotiated settlements last beyond five years, while in others, negotiated settlements have been shown to keep the peace for only three and half years. Contrary to this, the peace agreements/understandings were universally considered as the pivotal blue print for conflict transformation and peace buildings. In our case, the management of arms and armies, reintegration of few former rebels in the national army, promulgation of the constitution from the constitue

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Sharma, Parul, and R. K. Ravikumar. "Herbal pharmaceutical patent protection: Illustrative evidence on prosecution stages and section 3 [d] implication of Indian Patent Act." AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 45, no. 1 (2024): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.ayu_71_23.

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Abstract Background: Pharmaceutical industries are increasingly vigilant on filing patent protection in the field of herbal medicine due to increase in annual growth rate/demand of natural products. These industries dependant on medicinal system(s) primarily on AYUSH system of Medicine apart from traditional knowledge practices. Since 2005, India had complied with Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [TRIPS] obligations by evolving suitable patent protection system. Indian patent system had advanced by various amendment(s) including Section 3 (d) of the Act (Patent Act 1970).

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Dhar, Antarik. "Scanning in Dentistry: A Systematic Review." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 4 (2024): S3074—S3076. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1079_24.

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ABSTRACT With a focus on optical impressions, this literature review examines the development, present state, and potential future effects of scanning technology in dentistry. From confocal laser scanning to accordion fringeinterferometry (AFI), we explore the imaging principles of various dental scanners, such as iTero Element, TRIOS 3, Lava C.O.S., True Definition, and CEREC Omnicam. The manual and electronic literatures of previous ten years in the databanks of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted. The search terms were “intraoral scanner” AND “diagnosis*” OR “Dental Scanne

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Khalid, NYA. "LE VACCIN ANTICOVID-19: ENTRE LE REGIME INTERNATIONAL DE LA PROPRIETE INTELLECTUELLE ET LA DISTRIBUTION EQUITABLE EN TANT QUE BIEN PUBLIC MONDIAL." Revue Economie et Société V2, no. 2 (2023): 7–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7879361.

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En tant que produit pharmaceutique, la production des vaccins est soumise aux règles de la propriété intellectuelle que disposent les accords de l’ADPIC considérés comme un véritable régime international  de la propriété intellectuelle. Les débats autour des conséquences monopolistiques de ce régime, amendé en 2017, se sont accentués avec la crise de la covid-19 surtout que le vaccin n’a été développé que par une minorité de firmes pharmaceutique

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Rocher, Laura Sancho. "Athenaion Politeia 34, 3, about Oligarchs, Democrats and Moderates in the Late Fifth Century Bc." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 24, no. 2 (2007): 298–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000119.

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The prevailing historiographic reconstruction of the political struggle in Athens during the last years of the fifth century originates from the discovery of the text of the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia [Ath.]. According to this reconstruction, three political options and three political programmes were in effect. These were, on the one hand, traditional democracy and opposing oligarchy; on the other, a new third way, that of ‘the moderates’, who under the leading of Theramenes represents a solution to the stasis. The political program of themoderates is supposed to include the following fu

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Bahri, Syaiful. "NON-MUSLIM LEADERSHIP POLEMIC IN INDONESIA." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 13, no. 2 (2018): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2018.13.2.433-453.

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This article tries to contextualise the formulation of Islamic laws with regards to contemporary dynamics of non-Muslim leadership in the government. It particularly addresses the religious deliberation (ijtihad) of the traditionalist Muslim organisation, the Nadhlatul Ulama/NU, and its youth organisation, the Gerakan Pemuda Ansor. The construction of Islamic laws in contemporary Indonesia tells an insightful viewpoint in Islamic-laws making and delivers multiplicity in Islamic interpretation. Despite the fact that these two organisations are of the same organisation, the NU, their formulation

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Bahri, Syaiful. "NON-MUSLIM LEADERSHIP POLEMIC IN INDONESIA." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 13, no. 2 (2018): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2018.13.2.461-481.

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This article tries to contextualise the formulation of Islamic laws with regards to contemporary dynamics of non-Muslim leadership in the government. It particularly addresses the religious deliberation (ijtihad) of the traditionalist Muslim organisation, the Nadhlatul Ulama/NU, and its youth organisation, the Gerakan Pemuda Ansor. The construction of Islamic laws in contemporary Indonesia tells an insightful viewpoint in Islamic-laws making and delivers multiplicity in Islamic interpretation. Despite the fact that these two organisations are of the same organisation, the NU, their formulation

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Korochkina, Victoria. "THE PALESTINIAN CASE AND ITS PLACE ON RUSSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AGENDA." Political Expertise: POLITEX 17, no. 1 (2021): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2021.105.

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The events of the “Arab spring” and its consequences as well as the “Iranian threat”, which became a key security challenge for the Gulf States, not without the efforts of Benjamin Netanyahu and supported by the pro-Israel Trump administration (2016-2020), seemed to have removed the Palestinian case from the priority list of Middle East issues. The role of Russia, the traditional partner of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since Soviet times, also looked more low- key after the collapse of the Soviet Empire, especially amid resolution of the military-political crisis in Syria. Russi

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Sargent, Neil. "The Possibilities and Perils of Legal Studies." Canadian journal of law and society 6 (1991): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100001897.

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AbstractThe paper explores the possibilities and perils of an interdisciplinary approach to legal studies emerging as an alternative intellectual paradigm to the doctrinal tradition within legal scholarship. The privileged status accorded to the doctrinal tradition within the legal academy is sustained by its continued importance in providing a link between law as a field of intellectual inquiry and law as a field of professional practice. Despite the promise of a more pluralistic intellectual climate within the legal academy, it seems unlikely that an interdisciplinary approach to legal studi

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Ong, C. P. "Wang Zongyue's Taijiquan Discourse: the Biomechanics of Dongjin." Journal of Taiji Science 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.57612/2022.jts.01.04.

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We present in this following paper a verse-by-verse translation of the Taijiquan Discourse, with annotations in the framework of biomechanics. In the text, dongjin 懂劲 the “comprehension of jin” crystallizes as a central concept. Dongjin can be viewed as how the body comprehends, and interacts functionally with force. While the body relates to force by its strength and functionality, the Taiji body, is considered to be instilled with dongjin, and perceives the force associated with jin (劲) as “soft” (rou) and “hard” (gang), which correspond to the vector quantities of the force, namely, directi

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Whitmarsh, Tim. "Written on the Body: Ekphrasis, Perception and Deception in Heliodorus' Aethiopica." Ramus 31, no. 1-2 (2002): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001399.

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Novels have so much solid and monolithic bulk when they sit in a hand or on a shelf; inside, the pages are forests of symbols, as though even in books of such magnitude the sentences needed compression to fit on to pages. How different to poetic volumes, beguilingly slender, their pages brilliant with blank, white space, across which the spindly words stretch like gossamer. In terms of content, however, novels are rarely as monolithic as their physical form suggests. From earliest times since, the genre has dealt, centrally, with themes of metamorphosis, transubstantiation, the fundamentally p

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Jonas, Eze (PhD). "HISTORY AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE IN NIGERIA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM , INTERROGATING A STORE HOUSE OF KNOWLEDGE." SSAR Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (SSARJAHSS) 1, July-Aug (2024): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837771.

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All over the world, history is a worthwhile and enviable discipline. It builds the man and the society in democracy, industry, patriotism, loyalty, unity, autonomy, justice, egalitarianism, nationalism, service, transparency, dynamism and peaceful co-existence etc. But today, the waning interest in history as an academic discipline especially in the Nigerian secondary educational system is not in controversy. Presently, history seems not only to have been accorded low status, but given an inferior and neglected position among the subjects studied especially in the nation’s secondary scho

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