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Journal articles on the topic 'Accounting and control of operations with fixed assets'
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1
Zyryanova, Tat'yana, and E. Manakova. "Internal control of accounting of fixed assets in accordance with the new standards." Agrarian Bulletin of the 217, no. 02 (February 28, 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-217-02-82-89.
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Abstract. The purpose. Study of the peculiarities of the organization of the internal control system of fixed assets in order to reduce the risks of ineffective use and theft. Research methods. Analyzed normative acts, explanations of regulatory authorities, judicial practice. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of federal accounting standards governing the accounting of fixed assets, which come into effect from 2022. Results. Changes in regulations governing the procedure for conducting accounting and tax accounting require adjustments and methods of verification by internal controllers. Fixed assets are components of the material and technical base of the enterprise, allow increasing sales, producing quality products and increasing attractiveness in the eyes of investors. The introduction of new accounting standards, as well as the strengthening of administration by the regulatory authorities, require a revision of internal local documents and changes to the internal control methods. The directions of the organization of internal control of fixed assets, practical examples of incorrect reflection in the accounting of assets and the consequences leading to additional taxes are considered. The risks of theft and ineffective use of fixed assets arise from both managers and employees of the enterprise. Properly organized internal control will help identify fraud patterns and reduce the risks of damage to the enterprise. The paper proposes step-by-step algorithms for organizing internal control for the main business operations associated with the use of fixed assets. Namely, the algorithm for checking the accrued depreciation, repair costs, documents confirming the liquidation of fixed assets. Errors made in the formation of the initial cost can lead to a distortion of the cost, the book value of fixed assets and lead to an incorrect calculation of income tax and property tax of organizations.
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Zakirova, Alsou, Evgenia Zaugarova, Guzaliya Klychova, Rashida Sungatullina, and Elena Klinova. "Development of a methodological tool for internal control to increase the efficiency of use of fixed assets." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 12011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125812011.
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The basis of the material and technical base of the operation of enterprises are fixed assets. Therefore, the effective organization of accounting and internal control of operations with fixed assets is one of the important tasks facing the management of any enterprise. The purpose of the article consists in development of methodical toolkit of internal control for increase in efficiency of use of the fixed assets. For the development of theoretical bases the article develops the conceptual model of internal control of operations with the fixed assets, which is a logically interconnected system including basic elements of internal control such as purpose, objectives, functions, object, subject, tools, sources of information, regulatory framework, evidence collection, execution of audit results and development of recommendations. In order to improve methodological support, the working papers of internal control were developed in the article. The proposed working documents can be used to identify critical areas of accounting with a high level of risk and determine the means of control necessary to conduct control procedures; to assess the organization and functioning of internal control, the effectiveness of employees responsible for the safety of fixed assets; formation of the information base for management decisions; assessment of risks associated with the acquisition and use of fixed assets.
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Bank, Ol'ga, and Denis Gribanov. "FEATURES OF FIXED ASSETS ACCOUNTING IN PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-3-51-55.
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Due to the specifics of their activities, private security companies have special fixed assets registered (weapons/ammunition/special equipment), therefore, accounting procedures are endowed with their own characteristics for this area. Accounting for private security fixed assets determines that the enterprise is not only provided with weapons, but also performs rational control over them.
The specifics of accounting for fixed assets in private security companies dictate that the strictest control over the accounting of these funds is required, and in addition to synthetic, it requires mandatory and well-coordinated maintenance of analytical accounting details and operational accounting process.
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Zakirova, Alsu, Guzaliya Klychova, Bulat Ziganshin, Valery Khoruzhy, and Nuriya Nigmatullina. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FIXED ASSETS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2022-88-95.
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The basis of the material and technical base of the functioning of enterprises are fixed assets. Therefore, the effective organization of accounting and internal control of operations with fixed assets is one of the important tasks facing the management of any enterprise. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological tools for internal control of the movement of fixed assets at the enterprise, which contribute to the effective assessment of the accounting system and the conduct of control and analytical procedures. To improve the methodological support of internal control of the movement of fixed assets, an internal control working document (ICWD) “Test for assessing the accounting system of fixed assets” was developed, which allows you to identify critical areas of accounting with a high level of risk and determine the means necessary for conducting control procedures. The ICWD “Report on the presence and safety of fixed assets” and “Checking the execution of primary documents for the disposal of fixed assets” developed in the course of research allow the collection of information to confirm the reality of the articles of the financial statements; to establish the reliability of the facts of disposal of fixed assets and to guarantee the quality of original source documentation. To carry out control measures when checking the depreciation of fixed assets, testing should be carried out on the basis of the “Test for checking the correctness of depreciation” developed by the ICWD, using which you can promptly identify violations in the procedure for calculating depreciation. The proposed working documents will make it possible to carry out control procedures, accumulate evidence that can be used in the formation of a report on the results of the audit and the development of recommendations to improve the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise
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Makaluas, Jesella Lourina, and Winston Pontoh. "ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF FIXED ASSETS IN PT. LUMBUNG BERKAT INDONESIA." ACCOUNTABILITY 7, no. 01 (April 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.19071.7.01.2018.1-10.
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The presence of an internal control system of fixed assets that will assist management in supervising, monitors costs incurred when fixed assets are acquired until property, plant, and equipment are released. Adding or extending the useful life of fixed assets and assisting in increasing the operational contribution and productive capacity of the company's fixed assets maintain security, check the accuracy and correctness of data from the company's fixed assets. This study aims to determine the implementation of the structure of Internal Controls of Fixed Assets conducted in PT Lumbung Berkat Indonesia which is a type of construction company. The analysis method used is descriptive method. Data type is qualitative data with secondary data source. The result of the research shows that internal control in PT Lumbung Berkat Indonesia has not been effective yet. This is seen from the lack of separation of duties and responsibilities between the finance and accounting departments, the absence of an audit committee, never conducting tests and measurements on fixed assets. Any decision relating to fixed assets shall first be authorized by the President Director, but the company never conducts physical property checks and matching with fixed assets records. There is also no expenditure on capital and revenues. Depreciation method used is straight line depreciation and implemented continuously every year. However, the list of fixed assets of the company has not been up to date since the company only attaches fixed assets in the form of buildings and vehicles in the project (excluding vehicles and inventory in the office).Keywords: Internal Control, Fixed Assets.
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Osmyatchenko, Volodymyr, and Kateryna Pinchuk. "Improvement of control of construction and installation works." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(95) (March 5, 2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.01.148.
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Introduction. Effective activity in the construction of business entities enhances competitiveness and enhances their ability to reproduce production and economic activity on an innovative basis. At the same time, mistakes and abuse during the recording of construction operations cause not only a distorted idea of the scale and results of construction activity, but also cause losses and penalties for violations detected by the control bodies. Effectively adjusted control of construction works is the basis for making economically sound investment-innovation and management decisions. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the control of construction work in the construction or improvement of fixed assets need improvement. The purpose of the article is to critically analyze the existing problems of control of economic operations in the construction process and to improve the assets of fixed assets and to improve the order of control of construction works. Method (methodology). In the course of the research the following methods were used: dialectical, generalization, comparison, system analysis, observation of economic activity, graphic, etc. Results. The essence of control as one of the control functions is considered. It is justified that control is a system of observation and verification of the process of functioning and the actual state of the control object in order to make effective management decisions. It is proved that the method of control of construction works depends on the organizational and economic forms of the process of construction production, a large number of participants having different functional goals and tasks, and also depending on the process of construction production on the natural conditions. The peculiarities of control of BIS operations carried out in a contractual, economic and mixed way are considered. It is substantiated that to prevent violations in construction requires a systematic approach to the implementation of interrelated accounting and control procedures for investing in contracting and business methods of organization of construction, especially in the conditions of functioning of information networks for accounting purposes. It is determined that by eliminating contradictions and strengthening the consistency between accounting and control work will increase the reasonableness of prices for construction products, will solve a number of problems related to the correctness of displaying the initial cost of objects after their completion, refurbishment and reconstruction, increase reliability and the quality of the fixed assets that have been invested, and the financial discipline in the investment and construction sector. The problems of construction and installation work control in building and the suggested recommendations for their solution provide the basis and prospects for further research in the field of improvement of accounting, analysis and control of the activity of construction enterprises.
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Puhachenko, Olha, and Tetiana Fomina. "Testing of the System of Accounting and Internal Control of Transactions With Non-Current Assets." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 6(39) (2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.6(39).186-197.
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Testing of the system of accounting and internal control of transactions with non-current assets was considered in the article. The objective of the article is to study the necessity, importance and position of testing in the assessment of accounting and internal control, as well as the presentation of the author's version of the test of transactions with non-current assets. This study was conducted using the historical method, methods of analysis, generalization, grouping and comparison. For better perception of the information and when testing the system of accounting and internal control of transactions with non-current assets the method of graphical representation was used. According to the study results it was found that testing procedures are important in assessing the company's accounting and internal control system. It has also been found that there is currently no single definition of "testing", which leads to inconsistencies and ambiguities in the use of this term. It was found that testing was used mainly during audits to identify "weaknesses", to adjust the audit process and to use specific procedures. Currently, the limits of the use of testing have expanded and are used in the overall assessment of accounting and internal control system, and to establish its effectiveness and feasibility. We have deepened our understanding of the assessment of internal control system through tests and tried to change the attitude to the testing system as an effective management tool. The presented test of assessment of the system of accounting and internal control of operations with non-current assets covers all stages of the "life cycle" of their certain types in the company. Prospects for further research are seen in the development of tests of accounting and internal control of certain non-current assets (intangible assets, work in progress, fixed assets, investment property, long-term biological assets, long-term financial investments, long-term receivables, deferred tax assets, other non-current assets) taking into account industry characteristics, types of economic activity, organizational and legal forms of economic entities.
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Shygun, M. М., and N. O. Mychak. "Primary Accounting of Non-Current Assets Held for Sale." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.4.2018.07.
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The article is devoted to the study of the documentary support for operations with non-current assets held for sale. The importance of the study is determined by the fact that in the Ukrainian business accounting and recording practice, information about economic transactions with non-current assets held for sale is recorded in the forms approved for fixed and intangible assets that do not reflect all the aspects of accounting for non-current assets held for sale, which is inappropriate because it does not allow for their rational management and control. Despite the judiciousness of studies on recording of transactions with non-current assets, recording of transactions with non-current assets held for sale needs further studies because it is not sufficiently developed nowadays.
Absence of special documentary support for accounting of non-current assets held for sale is emphasized. The article’s aim is to develop recommendations for improving the documentary support for transactions with non-current assets held for sale taking into account the economic substance and legal specifics of such transactions.
The authors propose a form of the Act on reclassification of non-current assets into non-current assets held for sale, which can provides a substantiated documentary confirmation of the execution of such transactions. This form takes into consideration all the necessary information about recognition of an asset as one held for sale.
The authors’ recommendations are given. In order to improve the recording of transactions with non-current assets held for sale, the primary documents should be issued not only at the moment of such assets reclassification, but also prior to their reclassification from non-current assets into non-current assets held for sale, and in the period of holding them for sale till the moment of transfer to the buyers.
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SVYDLO, Hanna. "Use of statistical tools in accounting inventories of the enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/1 (December 29, 2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.12(1).6.
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The paper is devoted to the search for tools for optimizing approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise. Efficient use of stocks is a prerequisite for profitable operation of the enterprise, and their provision is a condition for the implementation of works and services. The study of approaches to the analysis and evaluation of inventories of the enterprise makes it possible to identify certain shortcomings and strengths of each approach in order to further combine them. The basis for the study was the search for ways to improve approaches to the analysis of inventories of the enterprise taking into account the dynamically changing environment. The main purpose of the paper is to improve approaches to accounting and analysis of stocks of enterprises through the use of statistical tools. The methodological and informational basis of the work is scientific works, materials of periodicals, Internet resources and regulations. The study used methods of structural and dynamic analysis, comparison and generalization of data from literature sources. The paper reveals that to assess the company's inventory it is necessary to analyze their composition and structure, take into account that they must be optimal, compare the actual ratio of fixed and current assets with their optimal value. That is, it is important to calculate the company's need for stocks, as well as the intensity of use of production stocks, which will achieve a high level of production and prevent its decline. As part of the study, it is proposed to use operational analysis of stocks using statistical tools that will allow to have information about the current state of stocks and determine their forecast value in future periods. The analysis of volumes and structure of stocks is carried out by means of calculation of absolute and relative sizes. To identify trends in the structure of stocks, it is advisable to use the analytical equation of linear regression noted the need and importance of internal control of stocks and possible ways to improve the efficiency of production stocks at the enterprise.
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DROBYAZKO, Svitlana. "Crypt currency as an object of accounting." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.1.2.
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One of the innovations of recent times has been the discovery of a special kind of currency, called "cryptocurrency". Today, this phenomenon has become a global phenomenon known to most people, including in Ukraine, as a result of the crisis in the domestic banking system, the volatility of the hryvnia, the volatile exchange rate and other difficulties faced by business. At the same time, most authors mainly consider the technical aspects of cryptocurrency mining. However, one-sided research from the point of view of describing the technical model of operation does not allow to reveal their essence as an economic category, and also hinders the rapid establishment of adequate institutional standards, regulatory procedures for emission and exchange. As a result, there was a certain imbalance - economic innovations outstripped the development of legislation that would regulate the relationship between entities in the field of payments and payments in cryptocurrency. Lack of legal support causes considerable difficulty to reflect cryptocurrency transactions in financial accounting. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of accounting cryptocurrency in enterprises. We have determined that cryptocurrency is not a type of electronic money, but is a completely new economic category, so it is necessary to include a sub-account 336 "Cryptocurrency" in the Accounts Plan. The attribution of cryptocurrency to the composition of electronic money is impractical because there are significant differences between these concepts: decentralized nature, mining method of mining, anonymity, etc. Cryptocurrency has its advantages and disadvantages compared to fiat and electronic money. All this makes it an entirely new asset, a new economic category. Certain features of accounting for foreign currency transactions are also characteristic of cryptocurrency transactions. When using digital currency as a payment method, cryptocurrency is included in monetary items. Accordingly, in accounting for cryptocurrency, subject to control by the NBU, the concepts of "exchange rate" and "exchange rate differences" may be fully applied. To calculate depreciation of fixed assets and software used for mining, we propose to use the cumulative method. This method is applied to objects that wear more in the first years of operation and those that are rapidly morally aging.
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Alborov, R. A., L. I. Khoruzhy L.I., S. M. Kontsevaya, and V. I. Khoruzhy. "Accounting for rental fixed assets." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2202-01.
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The article systematizes the basic requirements for the formation in accounting of information about fixed assets when they are received or provided for a fee for temporary use, as well as the conditions and criteria for recognizing accounting objects as lease accounting objects. Specific examples show how to determine the present value of lease payments, the net worth of an investment in a lease, and the amount of interest accrued. Organizational and methodological recommendations are proposed for rationalizing the accounting of operations of operating and non-operating (financial) lease of fixed assets, respectively, from the lessee and the lessor.
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Pliuhin, Vladyslav, Vitaliy Teterev, and Anatolii Lapko. "Smart Grid Technologies as a Concept of Innovative Energy Development: Initial Proposals for the Development of Ukraine." Lighting Engineering & Power Engineering 60, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x.2021.60.2.02.
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The formation of the concept of Smart Grid is associated with a number of issues, including theoretical and methodological. One of the main problems in forming such theory is to build its basis, the starting point for the development of which is the definition of Smart Grid as a systems of views concept on the future of power engineering, the principles of operation and technological basis of which undergoes significant changes compared to modern energy. The paper is aimed at reviewing and developing directions and approaches to the definition of Smart Grid in combination with machine learning mechanisms, highlighting their diverse and common nature to develop a holistic innovative energy development. In this paper, a study of the energy sector in Ukraine was conducted. Its efficiency and innovative development are considered. Problems with the implementation of Smart Grid technology, which arise when using alternative sources and monitoring and administration systems, were highlighted. The ways of mathematical formulation of the Smart Grid optimization problem are determined using the Data Science approach based on the machine learning system and neural networks. Big Data processing methods, Data Mining, statistical methods, artificial intelligence methods, and Machine Learning are analyzed. The design and development of databases and application software will be done using the Data Science method. Smart-technologies will take over the processes of control, accounting and diagnostics of assets, which will provide promising opportunities for self-recovery of the power system, as well as efficient operation of fixed assets. With the introduction of Smart Grid technologies for the Ukrainian power industry, significant fundamental changes will take place. This is the transition from centralized methods of generation and transmission of electricity to distributed networks with the ability to control energy production facilities and network topology at any point, including at the consumer level. Replacement of centralized demand forecasting according to the methodology of active consumer influence becomes an element and subject of the management system. A high-performance information and computing infrastructure will be built as the core of the energy system. This approach creates the preconditions for the widespread introduction of new devices that increase the maneuverability and controllability of the equipment. The creation of next-generation operational applications (SCADA/EMS/NMS) allows the use of innovative algorithms and methods of power system management, including its new active power elements.
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Alborov, R. A., L. I. Khoruzhy, Kontsevaya S. M. Kontsevaya S. M., G. R. Alborov, and N. L. Denisova. "Accounting for confession, impairment and writing of fixed assets." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2112-01.
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The article deals with the organization and methodological aspects of fixed assets accounting. Disclosed problematic points in the accounting of fixed assets. The primary documents on registration and accounting of receipts and write-offs of fixed assets are presented. Proposals have been determined for the reflection on the accounts of accounting transactions in the directions of receipts and the reasons for the write-off of fixed assets. The method of accounting for operations on impairment of fixed assets is recommended.
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Alborov, R. A., L. I. Khoruzhy, S. M. Kontsevaya, and V. I. Khoruzhy. "Accounting of the results of appraisal and revaluation of fixed assets." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2111-02.
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The article deals with the assessment and accounting of fixed assets. Disclosed are the methodological aspects of the assessment of fixed assets when they are recognized in accounting, as well as the assessment after recognition and revaluation of these means of labor. The characteristic features of fixed assets, criteria and prerequisites for determining their useful life have been sorted out. The classification of fixed assets for accounting purposes is proposed. The methods and technical aspects of the reflection of operations based on the results of the revaluation of fixed assets on the accounts have been substantiated.
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Iman Harris Wijaya T., Anggi Pratama, and Oktarini Khamilah. "Evaluation of the Implementation of Fixed Assets Accounting at the North Sumatra DJKN Regional Office based on PSAP No.07 about Fixed Assets Accounting." SIASAT 7, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v7i2.116.
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Fixed Assets is one of the important components in the balance sheet that plays a significant role in policy making in government institutions. Therefore, the recording and reporting of fixed assets must comply with government accounting standards. This study aims to evaluate the application of fixed asset accounting at the North Sumatra DJKN Regional Office based on PSAP No. 07 about Fixed Assets Accounting. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis that compares the suitability of the application of fixed asset accounting with government accounting standards. Data was collected through interviews and supporting report documentation. The results showed that the North Sumatra DJKN Regional Office had carried out the administration of fixed assets in accordance with PSAP No. 07 about Fixed Assets Accounting but with the finding of errors in the recording of fixed assets of Buildings that should have been transferred to other asset posts and the value of assets that have been discontinued from government operations which are still recorded even though the assets have been disposed of. The North Sumatra DJKN Regional Office is recommended to follow up on recording errors by reclassifying assets and making reports related to recording errors in the application system.
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Markina, Iryna, Valeriya Lenʹ, and Vitaly Shapka. "Cost management as a factor for improving enterprise economic security." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-12.
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Introduction. Modern enterprises operate in conditions of political and economic instability. This requires enterpris-es to build an integrated system for ensuring economic security. In Ukraine, the issue of economic security is relevant. But not fully understood. Need to clarify issues related to improving cost management. This is a factor in improving the econom-ic security of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and practical justification of cost management. Results. One of the the main goal of the enterprise is maximum profit. A factor in the success of enterprises is to re-duce production costs. Business security is a prerequisite for stable sustainable development and effective operation of the enterprise. Economic security depends on many factors: the actions of competitors, unsuccessful state policies, changing market conditions, and crisis phenomena. Object of enterprise security: personnel (managers, structural divisions, share-holders and employees), financial, economic, material and intellectual capital of the enterprise; specifics of activity. The head of the enterprise makes a decision. The decisions concern the price of the product, the amount of expenses. Costs - a decrease in the volume of material assets, cash. Cost management involves functions: forecasting, planning, rationing, organization, calculation, motivation and stimulation, accounting, analysis, regulation and control of expenses. Conclusions. We consider the “Cost-Volume-Profit” (CVP- analysis) analysis to be successful. It allows you to iden-tify changes in costs. The dependence of changes in production volumes and incomes on sales is studied; expenses and net profit. It’s substantiated that cost and profit planning using CVP analysis has limitations. Marginal income (profit) – the difference between sales revenue and variable costs. The higher the marginal income level, the faster fixed costs are reim-bursed. The average marginal income is an “indicator” of the contribution of a unit of production to covering fixed costs. The purpose of break-even analysis (CVP-analysis) is to predict financial results. Break-even analysis of economic activity is an indicator of the brink of effective and inefficient management. The same is the condition for maximizing profits. The main thing is an effective defense mechanism of the enterprise. Provides economic security of the enterprise from the threat of bankruptcy. Keywords: economic security, cost management, profit, costs, cost-volume-profit analysis.
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Levchenko, Oleksandra M., and Mariia A. Havilei. "ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ОБЛІКУ ТА КОНТРОЛЮ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ГОСПОДАРЮЮЧИХ СУБ’ЄКТІВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 117, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2017.6.8.
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The article outlines the critical issues in managing fixed assets accounting and internal control at enterprises, along with revealing problems of classification and describing stages of fixed assets accounting and control. The key issues to be in controller’s focus during checks are suggested. The recommendations on the implementation of fixed assets classification and control effectiveness requisites at enterprises have been substantiated.
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Ragan, Joseph M. "Star Enterprises Inc: Getting Control of Your Fixed Assets." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v4i2.4757.
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Investment in fixed assets constitutes the largest part of the asset side of the balance sheet. This paper looks at the processes to create, purchase, manage, and evaluate the value and effectiveness of fixed assets using an SAP R/3 Resource Planning System. The case can be used to discuss a variety of issues associated with Asset accounting. This case is appropriate for an undergraduate course in accounting informational systems and/or intermediate accounting. The case does require access to an SAP R/3 server, and some knowledge of how to navigate the SAP R/3 system. The scenario uses the current version (ECC6.0) of SAP available to members of the SAP University Alliance.
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Hadi, Norman, and Sriyani Sriyani. "PENERAPAN PSAP NOMOR 07 TENTANG AKUNTANSI ASET TETAP PADA KANTOR KEPOLISIAN RESOR KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU." Journal Publicuho 4, no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.35817/jpu.v4i3.20937.
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The reform of state financial management in 2003 was aimed at realizing transparent and accountable government financial reporting. Reform of state financial management is the first step in improving the quality of state finances. In the government environment, fixed assets play an important role in government operations and also benefit the community. The problem studied is how the suitability of accounting for fixed assets at the Lubuklinggau Police with PSAP number 07 concerning Accounting for Fixed Assets from the point of view of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of Fixed Assets in Financial Statements. The research method used is a qualitative method, the method of data collection is carried out by means of observation and interviews with parties related to accounting at the Lubuklinggau Police Station. The results of this study are the Lubuklinggau Police Station has implemented Fixed Asset Accounting in accordance with PSAP 07, namely Assets are recognized when future economic benefits have been obtained and their value can be measured reliably, Fixed Assets are measured at cost, depreciation is carried out using a straight line and presented in Balance sheet according to PSAP 07.
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Nurkurniana, Nurkurniana. "ANALISIS PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN (PSAK) NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2011 TERHADAP AKUNTANSI AKTIVA TETAP BERWUJUD PADA BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) KESEHATAN CABANG WATAMPONE." AJAR 2, no. 02 (September 10, 2019): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v2i02.83.
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This research is motivated by the fact that BPJS Health has business activities implementing social security. Each part of this organization takes an important part in presenting services to clients, so that many use fixed assets in their operations. The acquisition of fixed assets requires significant investment, good asset management, and reliable procedural implementation in accordance with the provisions of PSAK Number 16 of 2011 which regulates the accounting treatment of fixed assets. For this reason, it is necessary to know how the accounting treatment for tangible fixed assets at the BPJS Health Branch of Watampone.
This research is a qualitative research through a descriptive approach that will provide clear and accurate information and answers on how the presentation of tangible fixed assets in financial statements and analysis of PSAK No. 16 of 2011 on the accounting treatment of tangible fixed assets at the BPJS Health Branch Watampone.
The location of this study is the Watampone Branch BPJS Health Office. This study lasted for approximately 3 months, namely January - March 2019. Methods of data collection in this study were interviews, observation, document review and literature study.
The results of this study indicate that the Accounting treatment for Tangible Fixed Assets at Branch Health BPJS has not fully complied with the provisions of PSAK Number 16 of 2011.
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Vasilyeva, T. Yu, and O. A. Romanova. "ABOUT ACCOUNTING OF FIXED ASSETS IN A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION." Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, no. 6 (2021): 1651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-6-1651-1658.
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The purpose of this study is to study the current problematic issues of accounting and valuation of fixed assets in Russian organizations and to develop recommendations for the elimination and prevention of these problems and the formation of an optimal accounting policy in the field of accounting of fixed assets of a commercial organization. The article uses such research methods as the study and gene- ralization of normative legal acts and scientific literature, logical and comparative methods of study. The main methods that can be used to optimize the accounting of fixed assets in the light of the latest regulatory and legislative changes that come into force from 2022 are summarized. Their impact on taxation and the complexity of accounting is considered due to the fact that companies with a common taxation system applying PBU 18/02 often face the problem of accounting for tax differences due to the use of different cost criteria for assessing fixed assets and different depreciation methods in financial and tax accounting. The selected methods of accounting and tax accounting should be fixed by a commercial organization in its accounting policy. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all the emerging results of the application of the selected accounting procedures. It is revealed that the optimal methods that can be used in the accounting of fixed assets include: the cost limit, the method of depreciation, the use of dep- reciation premium, revaluation, creation of a reserve for the repair of fixed assets (repair fund), improvement of internal document flow for this accounting area. The proposed options for improving the accounting of fixed assets are also aimed at optimizing taxation. At the same time, it is necessary to note the effectiveness of these solutions, since a rationally selected method of financial and tax accounting of fixed assets will legally reduce the amount of property tax or income tax, which indicates the correct approach to the taxpayer’s financial policy. Alternative solutions contribute to improving and increasing the efficiency of accounting for fixed assets, and timely consolidation of the main optimal options in the accounting policy of the organization also allows you to clearly regulate business operations. The article uses such research methods as the study and generalization of normative legal acts and scientific literature, logical and comparative methods of study.
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Lai, Shu-Miao, Chih-Liang Liu, and Sheng-Syan Chen. "Internal Control Quality and Investment Efficiency." Accounting Horizons 34, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/horizons-12-148.
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SYNOPSIS We investigate whether the quality of internal control over financial reporting (ICOFR) has implications for the quality of internal control over fixed assets by examining the relation between material weaknesses (MWs) and investment efficiency. After excluding restating firms and controlling for externally reported earnings quality and the potential endogeneity of material weakness disclosure, we find that managers in firms with weak ICOFR are more likely to make inefficient investments. This relation is stronger when investment-specific MWs are related to capital expenditure and property, plant, and equipment. We further show a significantly negative relation between future cash flows and investments made by firms with weak ICOFR. Overall, our findings are distinct from prior studies in that they are independent of financial reporting quality and suggest that weak ICOFR implies that internal controls over fixed assets failed as well. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
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Zadorozhnyi, Zenovii, Valentyna Orlova, and Sofiia Kafka. "Cost and managerial accounting of joint activities related to the use of fixed assets." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(88) (June 5, 2018): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.02.084.
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The research paper reveals the essence of the concepts of joint activity, joint operation, and joint venture. A set of key features for classification of joint activities is identified and their impact on accounting of joint activities is assessed. The article also reviews the essential elements of accounting of joint activities in the light of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and characterizes the process of recording accounting entries related to basic operations, which depend on organizational forms of joint activities (a joint venture or a joint operation, with or without a separate entity). The paper provides a detailed description of three options for accounting of joint activities classified as joint operations, namely: joint operations without a separate entity; joint operations with a separate entity but without legal personality; a legal unit. Besides, a number of particular characteristics of measuring financial results from selling and purchasing assets within joint operations are identified. It is pointed out that one of the ways of effective use of fixed assets is promoting the implementation of managerial ac- counting of joint activities and internal reporting procedures of the results achieved. It is suggested that domestic enterprises of oil and gas industry should expand the practice of joint activities in order to effectively use fixed assets for oil and gas extraction and transportation. Before conducting joint activities, it is recommended that oil and gas industry enterprises compile initial calculations of their profitability at the level of managerial accounting. In the study, the following general and specific scientific methods of obtaining knowledge on economic phenomena are used: generalization, grouping and comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.
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Budiman, Erwin, and Inggriani Elim. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN INTERN ASET TETAP PADA PT. HASJRAT MULTIFINANCE CABANG MANADO." ACCOUNTABILITY 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.11869.5.1.2016.31-42.
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Fixed assets have a very important role for any company. Hence the need for the internal control system of fixed assets aimed at ensuring the security of company property, checking the accuracy and correctness of accounting data, to help encourage compliance policy leaders are set beforehand. This study aims to determine the application of the internal control structure of fixed assets at PT. Hasjrat Multifinance Branch Manado. Data analysis method used is descriptive method is a method to describe or analyze the results of the study but not used to make broader conclusions. The data used is qualitative data with secondary data sources, data collection techniques done is documentation and interview techniques. The results of research by the author, on the analysis of internal control of fixed assets at PT. Hasjrat Multifinance Branch Manado, concluded that internal control has not been effectively implemented. It can be seen from the dual function of labor between the accounting and finance are done by one person, the absence of an audit committee that controls the activity of the company, is not implemented training programs for employees, never done a physical examination once a year for fixed assets, there is no separation capital expenditures (capex) and revenue expenditure as well as the useful life of fixed assets is up is not the removal of fixed assets.
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MELEKHINA, T. I., E. I. SEDOVA, and I. F. KARPOVA. "PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION OF MODERN ASSETS AND CONTROL OF FIXED ASSETS IN RUSSIAN ORGANIZATIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 2 (2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.02.02.016.
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The article discusses topical issues of the application of modern provisions of accounting and control on the example of fixed assets in pharmacy organizations. A study of the practice of applying existing standards and those developed for the future is being carried out. Recommendations are given on the application of FSBU 6/2020 in pharmacy service organizations.
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., Jeffry. "TINJAUAN PENERAPAN AKTIVA TETAP BERDASARKAN PSAK NO. 16 PADA PT. EKA SARI LORENA TRANSPORT TAHUN 2012-2013." Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga 9, no. 1B (June 21, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/jib.v9i1b.332.
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Role of fixed assets both service companies and manufacturing companies are basically the same, ie fixed assets have a very important role as a support for companies in doing the activities and operations of the company. To keep the fixed assets can be used in accordance with its function, then the asset must remain in good condition. Therefore, it is important for companies to carry out the management of fixed assets. Because of the role and function of the fixed assets is crucial to achieve the company's goal has been determined. Fixed assets have limited use of the age limit, except land. Sometimes the fixed assets needed repairs caused by damage and worn out, so it can extend the useful life, increase production capacity and improve the quality of production of the assets concerned. PT. Eka Sari Lorena Transport only classifying fixed assets based on the depreciable fixed assets such as office equipment, inventory workshop, office vehicles, buses and construction operations. Initial recognition of assets based on data obtained PT. Eka Sari Lorena Transport in acquiring fixed assets carried out by way of a cash purchase, purchase on credit, and build it yourself. There are expenses that companies face during the period of use of the fixed assets in order to meet the needs of companies that repair and maintenance, replacement, and addition. Usually load a small amount included as part of the operating expenses of the current year, while load large amounts capitalized into the asset as an addition to the acquisition price. PT. Eka Sari Lorena Transport perform depreciation on all types of fixed assets, except land, there are two factors that cause a decrease in the ability of depreciation of fixed assets, namely the physical or functional depreciation, the company conducts depreciation using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life and the economic life of termination to all fixed assets conducted since the end of its useful life, damaged, less useful for companies should be eliminated or released by PT. Eka Sari Lorena Transport. Disclosure of fixed assets in the financial statements of the company using the straight-line method of depreciation in the calculation of all types of fixed assets, fixed assets valuation basis disclosed at acquisition cost, the company revealed that the fixed assets are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and depreciation burden reported in the income statement as an expense Suitability fixed assets accounting firm with SFAS No. 16 at initial recognition fixed assets, expenses for the use, termination of fixed assets, depreciation of fixed assets, as well as the disclosures in the financial statements do not fully implemented by the company.Keyword: Fixed Asset
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Necula, Sabina-Cristiana. "A Business Rules Management System for Fixed Assets." Data 4, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4020070.
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The goal of this paper is to discuss the necessity of separating decision rules from domain model implementation. (1) Background: can rules help to discover hidden connections between data? We propose a separated implementation of decision rules on data about fixed assets for decision support. This will enhance search results. (2) Methods and technical workflow: We used DROOLS (Decision Rules Object Oriented System) to implement decision rules on the subject of accounting decisions on fixed assets; (3) Results: Making the model involves: the existence of a domain ontology and an ontology for the developed application; the possibility of executing specified inferences; the possibility of extracting information from a database; the possibility of simulations, predictions; the possibility of addressing fuzzy questions; and (4) Conclusions: The rules, the plans, and the business models must be implemented to allow specification of control over concepts. The editing of meta models must be directed to the user to ensure adaptation and not implemented at the level of control of the data control.
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Zhang, Xu Bei. "The Discussion of Precise Depreciation Management in China." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4024.
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This paper proceeds as follows. Depreciation expense, which will directly relate to the size of the product costs, profits and taxes, is being widely concerned. A great number of people are particularly interested in the accurate depreciation of the costs of fixed assets. Different kinds of fixed assets bring economic benefits for the enterprise in completely different ways so that they should adopt different depreciation methods. The Enterprise Accounting Standards of China stipulated that if the companies increase fixed assets during the month, there will be no depreciation expense this month. But I disagree with this rule which violates the requirement of accounting the quality of information in reliability and authenticity. We should accurately calculate the depreciation expenses by the time, since then the depreciation expense can be accurate to a day. Strengthening the depreciation of fixed assets to precise management is imperative. Precise depreciation management not only helps to control the cost strictly, but also can strengthen management and promote the enterprise to develop sustainably.
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Yusuf, Swalhah Ibrahim. "The Effect of Capital Structure Gearing Levels on Financial Performance of Public and Private Sector Firms in Kenya’s Coastal Counties." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n3p99.
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Soon after independence in 1963, many firms including those in productive public and private sectors were set up in Kenya to produce goods and services for consumption in Kenya and beyond. Some public and private firms were set up in Kenya’s coastal counties while some were set up in other parts of Kenya. As at June 1990 however, most of these firms were either collapsed and liquidated or were ailing. Few were performing fairly. By 2015, there were 194 public firms which were in operations. Many of these however were formed after 1990. 46.4% of these had poor financial performance as measured by accounting and market ratios (ROE and ROA). About 35 of these firms, among them sugar firms and local authorities had more operating expenses than revenue. Postal Corporation of Kenya for example made KES 2.6b in revenues. Operating expenses however were KES 4.16b. National Oil Corporation of Kenya (NOCK) made KES 24.76b in revenues. Cost of sales excluding operating expenses however were KES 22.95b (Kenya’s treasury department, statement, 2015). In the small enterprise segment, about 300,000 SME’s were set up in 2010. About 350,000 SME’s were set up in 2012. However 2.2m SME’s closed down in six years ending 2015. About 35% of these closed down in 2015. Overall, about 96% of the firms which are set up closed down by the end of their first year in operations. (World Bank Report, 2010). The questions were ‘why did firms underperform and why did these firms fail?’ Published annual financial reports of firms, studies by Kenya National Bureau of Statistic (KNBS) and others attributed the poor financial performance and failure of the firms to many factors; high cost of energy, intense competition, high cost of raw materials, obsolete equipment, poor management, poor technical skills, high cost of finance and other bank charges, inadequate finance, family feuds, lack of succession plan etc. Some empirical studies attributed poor financial performance and failure of firms to financing; the capital structure. None however attributed this to capital structure gearing levels. This constituted a research gap to be filled by this study to add to the body of knowledge and literature. The capital structure gearing level is the proportion of external finance used in financing a firm. This proportion (gearing) may vary between ›0 to 100% (Brealey & Myers, 1991). Some firms however have a proportion ranging between ›0 and <30% (LG), 30%-‹35% (MG1) ≥35%-‹40% (MG2) ≥40%-≤60% (MG3) and ›60% (HG). The external finance may be inform of short term and long term debt and equity finance. Debt carries a fixed slice of earnings. The gearing levels therefore debt levels will carry a proportionate fixed slice of earnings. High gearing (HG) will magnify the effect on earnings and hasten the process of insolvency (Brealey & Myers, 1991). Poor financial performance and failure therefore maybe the result of inappropriate gearing level. Gearing level therefore was the problem. This study sought to do the following:
Assess the capital structure of public and the private sector firms in Kenya’s coastal counties.
Assess the capital structure gearing levels of public and private sector firms in Kenya’s coastal counties.
Determine the effect of the capital structure gearing levels on financial performance of public and private sector firms in Kenya’s coastal counties.
This involved a target population of 500 productive firms in Kenya’s Coastal Counties. Using the Cochran’s sample size formula, 50% proportion of the productive public and private sector firms randomly selected, the sample was 139 firms. They were observed for a period of 2003 to 2015. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used as instruments for collecting primary data from finance officers or finance managers or their equivalent of the firms. Secondary data was obtained from financial statements (income statement and the balance sheet). Control variables were; size, tangibility and growth. The basic framework for regression was of the form below;
Y= f (gearing levels+ tangibility+ size+ growth)
Where, Y= return on assets/return on equity
ROA/ROE=f (gearing levels+ tangibility+ size+ growth)
Data analysis was done using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (regression).
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Serhieieva, Natalia. "Improvement of accounting and analytical providing of capital investments in agricultural enterprises." Ekonomika APK 308, no. 6 (June 28, 2020): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202006122.
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The purpose of the article is to improve the methodological approaches and principles of accounting and analytical support to determine the need for capital investments for the renewal of fixed assets. Research methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used for development of model of the registration-analytical providing for determination of requirement in capital investments. An abstractly-logical method was used for generalization and forming of conclusions. Research results. The analysis of international standards is carried out and normatively legal acts in relation to the account of capital investments. Approaches are generalized in relation to the reflection of information about capital investments on the accounts of record-keeping and in the financial reporting. The algorithm of determination of requirement is worked out in capital investments. The analysis of normative legal acts for the presence of criteria of the boundary between period. Scientific novelty. The model of the registration-analytical providing offers for determination of requirement in the capital investments of agricultural enterprises on updating of the fixed productive assets taking into account their branch features. The methods of reflection are improved in an account and accounting of depreciation of object, got in the financial leasing and operations on the reinvestment of profit. Practical significance. The worked out model will allow representing correctly a requirement in capital investments, that will assist the increase of production capacities and planning of charges on updating of the fixed assets. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 17.
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Yasyshena, Valentyna. "Analysis of dissertations addressing issues of accounting, analysis, and audit of intangible assets in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(89) (October 10, 2018): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.03.079.
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The paper presents an analysis of dissertations defended in Ukraine during the years 1998-2018 in specialty 08.00.09 (08.06.04) “Accounting, analysis, and audit (by types of economic activity)”, in which issues of accounting, analysis, and audit of intangible assets were discussed. The dissertation projects are systematized thematically according to fifteen research areas, namely: economic essence, meanings, and definitions of terms; identification and recognition; classification; evaluation; documenting; accounting; depreciation issues; assets inventory; reporting; legislation; analysis; audit; control; computer technology and information systems; modeling. It is revealed that the major trends in the latest studies on accounting, analysis, audit and control of intangible assets, are related to matters of assigning intangibles to particular reporting units and defining intangible scores. It is found that issues of intangible assets are mostly addressed in the following areas: accounting; economic essence, meanings, and definitions of terms; classifications; evaluation; documenting; analysis; modeling; computer technology and information systems. Fewer studies are related to the development of reporting indicators, audit, identification and recognition, control, depreciation issues, assets inventory, legislation. The necessity for further in-depth study is shown and the issues to be addressed are the following: information disclosure on intangible assets in accounting; specification of alternative approaches to recognition, evaluation and consolidation in accounting; application of computer technology and information systems; application of the modeling method; increase of business value through effective use of intangible assets; development of the evaluation model for trademark effectiveness; development of customer base and the procedure for its assessment as an intangible asset; improvement of methods of depreciation; taxation of intangible assets operations; improvement of the current legislative background; methods of analysis, audit and control of availability, movement and efficiency of intangible assets; methodology and arrangements for management accounting of intangible assets; ways to build accounting and analytical information system for managing intangible assets.
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Mayangsari, Anisa Putri, and Yayuk Nurjanah. "Analisis Penerapan PSAK No.16 Dalam Perlakuan Akuntansi Aset Tetap Perusahaan." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 6, no. 3 (December 22, 2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v6i3.299.
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Increased growth and development are the company's top priorities. However, maintaining and developing the company is not easy. Many important factors must be considered to run the company well, including organizational factors, personnel, and others. The survival and success of the company will be determined by the speed of reaction and the accuracy of the strategies taken by the company leaders as well as the support of all members of the organization. In a company, there are always fixed assets to carry out its operations. Assets still have an important position in the company because they require large amounts of funds and are embedded in a long period of time. The purpose of this research is to find out how the recognition, measurement and disclosure of fixed assets at CV Bangun Perkasa Furniture (BPF). To find out how to recognize, measure and disclose fixed assets in accordance with PSAK No. 16 on CV Bangun Perkasa Furniture (BPF). The results of the Analysis of Accounting for Intangible Fixed Asset (PSAK No.16) (Case study on CV. Bangun Perkasa Furniture) there are some results that the recognition of Bangun Perkasa Furniture is not appropriate not in accordance with PSAK 16 because the acquisition value only recognizes the principal value of the asset and in its disclosure the company does not apply the basic basis in accordance with PSAK 16. This is very different from that stated in PSAK 16. In measuring the fixed assets that are in CV. Bangun Perkasa Furniture in accordance with PSAK 16.
Keywords : PSAK 16, fixed assets, financial statement
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Gonin, V., E. Panchenko, E. Kibireva, and O. Nomokonova. "EFFICIENCY OF FIXED ASSETS REVALUATION AS A METHOD OF ASSET MANAGEMENT." Transbaikal state university journal 27, no. 3 (2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-3-99-112.
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The method of asset management in connection with the development of the economic accounting system of financial and economic activity: accounting practices, practices, representation and compilation of accounting (financial) accounts of companies is described. This development is related to the use of international financial reporting standards, which are integrated into domestic practice. The aim of the study is to organize the effectiveness of fixed assets revaluation as an asset management method. To achieve the goal, the objectives are: to investigate the effectiveness of revaluation and impairment in the management of major funds; systematizing the overall stages of the method of assessing the value of fixed assets in revaluation and impairment; exploring opportunities to expand approaches to analyzing changes in balance sheet performance, financial performance reporting and financial performance in the asset management system. The object of the study is the cost of fixed assets. The authors have examined the method of revaluation and impairment, selected approaches to the study of the effectiveness of revaluation for the purpose of strategic and tactical asset management. The authors conclude that a comprehensive approach to asset management is needed when reevaluating the value of fixed assets. A comprehensive approach should be based on the development of revaluation and impairment techniques to analyze the effectiveness of the financial and economic system and balance sheet control and the financial performance report in strategic and tactical asset management
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Burlakova, Olga V., and Victoria V. Saushkina. "Securities accounting control procedures as a tool for preventing economic crimes." SHS Web of Conferences 80 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208001025.
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This article offers a methodology of control procedures for checking the accounting of securities as a tool for preventing economic crimes. This methodology is proposed based on the analysis of investments in fixed assets and the dynamics of economic crimes in 2010-2018, the study of typical errors and violations. The methodology combines two sets of procedures: determining the effectiveness of purchased and available securities, as well as determining the completeness, reliability and information content of securities. The methodology of control procedures proposed by authors is aimed at timely detection and prevention of violations and fraudulent actions with securities.
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KYTAICHUK, Tatiana. "COMPOSITION AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING STANDARDS) 136 “BIOLOGICAL ASSETS”." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-19.
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In particular, a number of concepts that underpin ISFRPS are not used in Ukraine. These include: the priority of the economic content of operations over their juridical form, the concept of future economic benefits and utility of potential. The differences in requirements to accounting and reporting preparation related a different classification of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, as well as the lack of requirements and practices for the application of some accounting methods adoptedin ISFRPS. In Ukraine, the process of reforming the accounting and financial reporting system in the public sector is under way. Taking into account the requirements of the international accounting standards for the public sector are being introduced the national provisions (standards) of accounting in the public sector (hereinafter referred to as "NP" (S) "APS"), which have been developed on the basis of international standards. The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, by its latest order dated 15.11.17, number 943, approved "NP" (S) "APS" 136 "Biological Assets". The standard came into force on 01.01.18. There was no specialized national standardin the budget sector that would regulate the accounting in agricultural operations. The article deals with the actual problems of implementation of the national provision (standard) of accounting in the public sector 136 "Biological Assets". The essence of the concept of "biological assets" in various scientific and literary sources was investigated.In accordance with paragraph 4 of section І "NP" (S) "APS" 136, a biological asset is an animal or plant that, in the process of biological transformation, is capable of producing agricultural products and / or additional biological assets, andalsoin another way contributes to the economic benefits. For the purposes of accounting, biological assets, depending on the length of the production process and the period of receipt of agricultural products, are classified into two groups: long-term and current biological assets. The accounting of long-term biological assets used in non-agricultural activities (eg watch dogs, ornamental plants, etc.) is regulated by "NP" (S) "APS" 121 "Fixed assets". Also, fruiting plants related with agricultural activities, the peculiarities of accounting which are determined by other "NP" (S) "APS", should be accounted as part of fixed assets. Such plants include such perennial plantations as vineyards, gardens, plantations of berry crops and hops. It should also be taken into account that if a fruit plant produces fruits and its use in agricultural activities is planned in future accounting periods, then it is accountedas part of fixe dassets. The typical correspondence of subaccounts of accounting for the display of transactions with assets, capital and liabilities of budgetary funds and statet rust funds does not include correspondence related to biological assets. Consequently, budget institutions need to develop their own view on the reflection in the accounting of biological assets "NP" (S) "A 136 "Biological Assets" has introduced concerning the biological assets of agricultural and agricultural products, the model of valuation at fair value. Peculiarities of estimation of biological assets depending on their receipt were investigated; the main problems arising from the public sector entities during their assessment were highlighted, in particular, in aspects of determining the fair value of such assets, the main deficiencies of estimation at fair value are indicated. In the IFRS system, the valuation at fair value is one of the priorities. In the world practice, there are three possible approaches to the valuation of fair value: market, income, and expense. In the Ukrainian practice, the market approach is predominantly used. In the domestic practice of the account the peculiarities of the assessment of biological assets was formed taking into account the ways of receipt of biological assets, their classification and the date of evaluation in accordance with certain economic transactions in the course of the movement of these objects of accounting. Nowadays, most of budgetary institutions do not apply the innovations and record in accounting the posting of finished products according to the old method, that is, according to the planned cost, which leads to deformation of information in the financial reporting. Evaluate long-term, current and additional biological assets at initial recognition and at each reporting date. Agricultural products are valued only at initial recognition. The evaluation at fair value provides calculation the sales costs. Current biological assets and additional biological assets whose fair value can not reliably be determined at balance sheet date, can be recognized and displayed at cost of production, in addition to current biological plant production assets which are recognized and displayed as work in progress. Regarding the initial recognition of agricultural products (grain, milk, honey, litter, etc.), it should be reflected in the reporting period in which it was separated from the biological asset. After initial recognition, it is evaluated and reflected in accordance with "NP" (S) "APS"123 "Funds". According to the results of the research, the relevant conclusions are made. Evaluation is a rather complicated process, due to the informational needs of different groups of users, a large number of methods for determining the fair value of accounting objects. Taking into account all the above-mentioned aspects, budget institutions should, by choosing methods for determining the fair value of biological assets, independently determine the method for determining the value of biological assets and approve it in the order about the accounting policy.
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Matviychuk, Lyudmyla. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DIRECTIONS OF ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL AUDIT OF FIXED ASSETS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.231.
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Introduction. An important condition for the development of the agricultural sector is the timely receipt of reliable and complete accounting information on the availability and condition of fixed assets for the purposes of managing their use. To a large extent, the effectiveness of this type of assets is determined by the quality of management decisions. Given this, there is a need to use methods of analysis, as one of the most important management functions in the audit of fixed assets, which will properly assess and control their use. The use of analysis as a tool for evaluating the internal audit system fully meets the objectives of creating effective management of fixed assets and will allow their rational use through timely detection and elimination of negative impacts on the internal audit system and its effectiveness. Purpose. The purpose of writing this article is to assess the existing principles of audit of fixed assets in the agricultural sector of the economy and justify on their basis the organizational scheme of internal audit in agricultural enterprises. Results. Based on the substantiation of the principles of audit activity, the directions of activity of the internal audit service of agricultural enterprises are determined. The study of the formation of goals and functions of the internal audit unit at enterprises made it possible to develop a scheme for the organization of internal audit in the agricultural sector. On this basis, the method of internal audit of fixed assets in the basic areas, as well as the stages of its implementation. The peculiarity of the internal audit at agricultural enterprises is established, which provides for a systematic assessment and control of its quality.
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Zadorozhnyi, Zenovii-Mykhailo, and Sofiia Kafka. "The unique characteristics of the operating environment of oil and gas enterprises and their influence on accounting of non-current tangible assets." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(85) (August 8, 2017): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.03.127.
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The enterprises, which affect accounting of non-current tangible assets and include the following: dependence on natural factors, heterogeneity of gas and oil drilling, development of mineral deposits, immobility of mining processes, duration of mining, technological cycles involving simultaneous mining of various minerals, lack of work-in-progress, sequence of operations and continuity of production processes, and others. In order to study the unique characteristics of the operational environment of oil and gas enterprises and determine their influence on practices and techniques for accounting of capital assets, methods of measuring interconnections, analysis and synthesis, logical approach are used. Special methods of statistical groups and generalization are applied to explore trends in the oil and gas industry as a whole, and separate sub-sectors of oil and gas extraction, drilling, and transportation. It is found that in the oil and gas industry, the basic methods of measuring accrued depreciation on fixed assets, viewed as the main component of non-current tangible assets, are straightforward and industrial methods; depreciation is not calculated on buffer gas classified as a noncurrent asset; among non-current tangible assets there are no long-term biological assets; enterprises bear significant expenses related to repair and maintenance of main pipelines, etc. The findings of the study are aimed at increasing the reliability, timeliness and analytics of accounting, which will enhance operational efficiency and management of non-current tangible assets in oil and gas enterprises.
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Ren, Shaomin. "Optimization of Enterprise Financial Management and Decision-Making Systems Based on Big Data." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1708506.
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Based on information asymmetry theory, principal-agent theory, and risk management theory, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of big data on financial decision-making, analyzing four dimensions: how big data enhances the information base for forecasting, how big data improves the relevance of decision-making, how big data builds new competitive advantages, and how big data promotes dynamic decision-making. Secondly, through the analysis of specific implementation cases of enterprise big data in financial decision-making, we focus on the real problems faced in management and the effect of solving problems through big data platform. The enterprise realizing the integration of business and finance not only can better lead business expansion, but also can improve the management level within the enterprise, which is conducive to the improvement of core competitiveness. The integration of industry and finance is essentially achieved through the application of various financial management modules to the business operations of enterprises, including budget management, capital management, fixed asset management, and financial accounting. If we want to implement the whole process of financial integration, it is impossible to achieve this manually, and we must first build a powerful information system as a guarantee. Under the guidance of theories of information asymmetry, stakeholders, and management information systems, Internet finance enterprises should build their own integrated business finance system based on the demand for business finance integration in the Internet finance industry, to enhance the matching of business finance data of Internet finance enterprises, improve the efficiency of enterprise management, and realize business finance integration. Finally, through the research of this paper, we hope to provide reference for other similar enterprises to apply big data for financial decision-making. Through the application of big data, higher economic benefits are achieved in procurement management, production control, capital budget, and investment decision compared with the previous ones. It is concluded that in the era of big data, massive data can be used to serve enterprise decision-making in depth, which can break the business and financial barriers, improve the efficiency and quality of decision-making, optimize the organizational structure and personnel, and enhance the prediction and early warning capability. The application of big data tools has become the key to assisting financial decision-making and enhancing enterprise value.
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BONDARENKO, Olha, and Tetiana CHAIKOVSKA. "Audit of non-current assets in aviation enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4/1 (April 30, 2020): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.4(1).3.
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Introduction. The structure of a modern enterprise is mainly characterized by the presence of a large number of fixed assets. The aviation industry is no exception, which is why most businesses in this area build their operations using a significant amount of non-current assets. Drawing on the experience of domestic and foreign companies, it should be noted that an internal and external audit is one of the most important stages of managing non-current assets. Therefore, it should be noted that the proper work of the auditor, namely the effective methodology used to carry out the procedure, the use of the optimal plan and the necessary steps, is the key to expressing an objective audit opinion, on the basis of which the company will be able to make sound management decisions The purpose of the paper is to investigate the peculiarities of construction of the process of audit of fixed assets at aviation enterprises. Results. The audit may be carried out on the initiative of the enterprise and in cases provided for by law. Three groups of auditors should be distinguished: state, internal, independent. The audit process, in order to increase its effectiveness, should be clearly planned and take into account the specific nature of the enterprise. The objectives of the audit of fixed assets are: checking the existence of assets at a certain date, checking the accuracy of registration of their receipt, use and disposal, as well as ownership of them. Checking the valuation of fixed assets. When designing the audit process, the auditor should be aware that most aviation industry entities have a large number of leased property in their non-current assets, accompanied by accounting features and nuances. Conclusion. In the course of the research it was found that audit of fixed assets of an enterprise is one of the most important processes in carrying out an activity regardless of its direction. Audit of non-current assets in the aviation industry has its own peculiarities, but properly planned and methodically constructed process of verification will eventually lead to the expression of objective audit opinion, which will become the basis for management decisions.
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Heier, Jan R. "AMERICA'S RAILROAD DEPRECIATION DEBATE, 1907 TO 1913: A STUDY OF DIVERGENCE IN EARLY 20th CENTURY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS." Accounting Historians Journal 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 89–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.33.1.89.
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In June 1907, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) released new reporting rules that would require railroads to change from betterment to depreciation accounting for equipment. The new rules set off a firestorm of protest because the railroads felt they were already recognizing physical depreciation through the current system. The ICC, however, was looking at the concept of economic depreciation to match the cost of equipment with revenue over the life of the asset in much the same way that industry was beginning to account for its fixed assets. Such economic depreciation, it was felt, would give the rate-setting ICC more stable reported incomes to determine return on assets and the investing public a better feel for the results of railroad operations. The debate began in a cordial fashion but deteriorated into bitter name-calling, civil disobedience, and litigation that challenged both the accounting rules and the authority of the ICC to issue and require them. The ICC partially won the debate, yet railroads were able to keep betterment accounting for track structures another 70 years before the full convergence of industry and railroad accounting standards occurred.
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Suyoso Putra, Yuniarti Hidayah, and Sri Yati. "DESIGNING ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TRADING SMES: EMPIRICAL AND ISLAMIC INTEGRATION APPROACH." Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/aijief.v1i1.10427.
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This research aims to describe the implementation of the accounting information system in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which engaged in trading activities and provide recommendations to develop the accounting information system to support SMEs regarding best practices day to day operations and business side in Islam. The research uses mixed methods that attempt to bring together quantitative data and qualitative data to obtain a comprehensive analysis of the research problems. Trading SMEs have become the focused of research. Data collection are through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The analysis was performed using the accounting information system design regarding best practices and the business side of Islam. The results showed the sales process in trading SME used cash basis. The results analysis of weaknesses and strength of the accounting information system performance indicates that trading SMEs require the improvement concerning organizational structure, job descriptions, and internal controls related to inventory and fixed asset management. These results are used as a foundation to propose the new design of accounting information system without repeating the same mistakes in achieving corporate goals
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Ivanova, Rositsa. "ABOUT THE ANALYSIS OF THE RATE OF RETURN OF ENTERPRISE’S ASSETS AND EQUITY." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34010017i.
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The issue of enterprise’s business efficiency is topical at all phases and stages of its development. Efficiency is a key concept in economy. Efficiency indicators are relative values which help to commensurate the achieved results and the resources used by the enterprise for their achievement.Efficiency should be analyzed and evaluated in two interrelated aspects. We speak about efficiency in its capacity of resultative indicator that characterizes the enterprise’s operations. The first aspect of efficiency shows the ratio between the value of the result achieved from operations per resource input of BGN 1, and the second one – the amount of resource input for the achievement of enterprise’s result from operations of BGN 1.Depending on the absolute values used for the calculations of the efficiency indicators, they can be classified as follows: indicators for efficiency of use of resources; indicators for efficiency of income and costs; indicators for rate of return.The system of indicators for analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of use of resources may comprise the following indicators. The coefficients of fixed tangible asset workload and absorptiveness are used for analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of use of production fixed capital. The efficiency of use of material resources (part of the production working capital) is analyzed and evaluated by means of the coefficients of material input and material output, and the indicator for analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of use of manpower is the efficiency of labor.The coefficients for efficiency of income and efficiency of costs are used for analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of income and costs. An objective relation exists between these two coefficients and the net income-based and cost-based rate of return, which is of crucial practical and applied significance and provides the enterprise’s management with useful information.Rate of return is a summarizing indicator that characterizes the enterprise’s operations. The level of rate of return may be identified on varied bases: assets, capital, equity, fixed capital, income, cost, etc.Efficiency of enterprise’s operations can be analyzed and evaluated by using different analysis approaches and models. These are the accounting (traditional) approach based on the accounting information, the financial approach based on the quantitative business assessment, and the management approach based on the mission, vision and strategy of the enterprise.This publication reviews the enterprise’s rate of return, and its subject matter covers the rate of return of enterprises’ assets and equity.Our purpose is to demonstrate the significance and importance of the rate of return of enterprise’s assets and the methodology of its analysis. To prove the benefits of the analysis of asset rate of return for the economic practice, i.e. the benefits of the accounting approach for analysis and evaluation of business efficiency. We are trying to demonstrate that the use of the indicator for equity rate of return only, while ignoring the rate of return of assets, is improper, inexpedient, misses’ logics and does not provide the financial management with sufficient information for making proper and reasonable decision for the management of the enterprise and its business. This is explained by the fact that the analysis of the rate of return of the enterprise’s equity does not provide information about the efficiency of use and management of assets in which owner’s capital is input.
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Золотарева, Г., G. Zolotareva, Н. Бахмарева, and N. Bahmareva. "Accounting and Analytical Provision of Updates Basic Funds: Selecting Sources of Financing." Auditor 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a671cefb634f3.70937665.
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Th e article offers recommendations for the control of alternative sources of financing of renovation of fixed assets, taking into account risk factors, including risks directly related to the change in the level of financial sustainability of the organization. The use of these recommendations, management of organization will have the opportunity to organize the
assessment of the potential of existing portfolio total cash flows expected from each involved source of investment by their members in the aisles of the planning horizon.
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MIKHLIAIEVA, DARIA, and VASYL BЕLOZERTSEV. "METHOD OF AUDIT OF FIXED ASSETS AT MOTOR VEHICLE ENTERPRISES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 Part 2 (December 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-5.
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The article reveals the methodology of the audit at motor transport enterprises of Ukraine. One of the most important parts of the development of Ukraine’s productive forces is the transport industry, which provides production and circulation processes, transporting manufactured products to the month of its sale and consumption, as well as providing passenger transportation services. Today, almost every company, regardless of its economic activity, owns its own vehicles. But for trucking companies, cars are the main means of providing services. That is why the issue of effective use of motorsports, which is impossible without a quality audit, is quite relevant. Methods of auditing fixed assets at motor transport enterprises of Ukraine, as well as at other types of enterprises, defined by International Standards on Auditing. In accordance with ISA 200 «Purpose and Basic Principles of Auditing Financial Statements», the purpose of an audit of property, plant and equipment is for the auditor to express an independent professional opinion on the correctness of the entity’s financial statements. The article considers the main tasks of the audit of fixed assets in motor transport enterprises, as well as the main procedures used in the audit of fixed assets. The paper proves the importance and necessity of auditing the accounting of fixed assets at motor transport enterprises, because the effectiveness of their use affects the cost of motor transport services and as a consequence on the financial results of transport enterprises of Ukraine. The article also presents a test of internal control of fixed assets at the trucking company, which should be carried out at the preparatory stage of the audit of fixed assets and provide the auditor with the necessary information to develop an optimal audit program, taking into account the activities of the trucking company. In addition, the article provides samples of working documents of the auditor during the inspection of fixed assets at the trucking company.
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KOVAL, Olena. "BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN ACCOUNTING: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 1 (41) (January 2019): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-1-9.
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The issues of accounting and information provision of management, state and social control over biological assets with genetically modified forms are considered. The method of constructing a separate account of the availability of genetically modified biological assets (GMBA) and operations on their transformations has been developed, ways of improving the quality of the P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41 "Agriculture" have been identified, which lies in the rethinking of the role of agricultural activity for social and environmental and environmental factors of human development. The analysis of accounting standards has shown that in the content of P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41 "Agriculture" there is no information on the procedure for the accounting and control of biological assets and agricultural products from GMOs. In connection with this, it is necessary to find an integrated approach to building a system of accounting for biological assets with genetically modified organisms, in view of increasing public requests for accounting information in the context of sustainable development. Since GMOs are the assets of all agricultural enterprises in the form of biological assets and agricultural products, for the "transparent" accounting of the enterprise it is necessary to reflect them as separate objects of accounting. Mandatory allocation of relevant analytical accounts leads to the introduction of additional articles on genetically modified biological assets in the accounting registers of accounting and statistical reporting. The accounting of biological assets with genetically modified organisms should ensure that accurate information is obtained about the quality and quantity of these assets, and the basis for their reliable assessment. More responsibly should be placed on the disclosure of information on genetically modified biological assets in the Notes to the Financial Statements. We suggest that the accumulated information on biological assets from GMOs be reflected in a separate section in section 16 entitled "Financial Results from Primary Acceptance and Marketing of Agricultural Products from GMOs and Additional Biological Assets with GMOs". The introduction of a separate section in the notes on genetically modified assets will allow obtaining the necessary operational information on these assets for management needs and for the state as a whole. Information on the biological assets of the enterprise and their biological transformations, as well as agricultural products, are reflected in the Form 50-s. "Basic economic indicators of agricultural enterprises". We consider it expedient to supplement it with another section, which will reflect the information on the composition of production and marketing of agricultural products from GMOs. The financial statements of agricultural enterprises require changes in the reflection of the reassessment of biological assets and information on the production and sale of genetically modified assets. Information on GMO biological assets is currently absent from P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41, although it is significant both at the enterprise level and on the basis of the country as a whole. Therefore, we consider it expedient to supplement the contents of the provisions with the section "Environmental safety", which will specify the method of constructing a separate accounting for biological assets with GMOs. Solving the problems of accurately displaying information in accounting and reporting regarding genetically modified biological assets and their biological transformations requires the adoption of new, regulatory and legal decisions by the state. Taking into account the harmonization of Ukraine's legislation with the EU, this statement is quite logical. In this regard, we propose the standard of accounting for agricultural activities to be supplemented with the section "State support", which, in addition to the norms reflected in IAS 41, found a place and provisions to stimulate the production of biological assets and agricultural products without genetically modified organisms.From the above, we believe that at the state level, companies should be required to account for biological assets and agricultural products from GMOs in accounting and reporting. The real steps in this regard are to create, with the help of economic incentives (taxes, loans, privileges, etc.), state support to companies that provide true information on the availability of biological assets from GMOs, the quantity of GM products grown and markets for its sales. Consequently, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of a new accounting of agricultural activity, having identified the problems of its application in practice, we propose to finalize P (S) 30 "Biological Assets". The revised standard will facilitate more realistic accounting in agriculture and achievement of higher end results of activities in order to ensure the management of reliable and truthful information about the results of activities. Improvement of P (S) 30 "Biological Assets" lies in the rethinking of the role of agricultural activity for social and environmental and environmental factors of human development. The issue of "State support" and "Environmental safety" require separate disclosure in agricultural sectoral standards. The world standardization of accounting and reporting of the production of genetically modified products is also very important
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Bodiako, A. V., S. V. Ponomareva, and T. M. Rogulenko. "Digital rights identification as an object of accounting and control." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 8, no. 5 (January 18, 2022): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2021-8-5-14-27.
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The intensive development of digital technologies, their penetration into business and everyday life calls for the assessment of theoretical validity and practical feasibility of including the concepts of “digital rights” in civil law legislation. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for identifying digital rights as an object of accounting and control. The article analyzes the definitions of the concept “digital rights”, “obligation and other rights”, evaluates the forms of digital rights implementation and restrictions on the disposal of digital rights, proposed in Law No. 34-FZ. The authors consider the applied value of the phenomenon of digital rights not only in civil paper work, but also in accounting and control processes. The concepts developed by accounting methodologists to post transactions with digital rights in ledgers are revealed. On the basis of generalization of the initial technological foundations of asset tokenization in business projects, a conclusion is made that a shared problem in digital rights management involves the choice of digital algorithms, financial platforms for their issuance and circulation. The analysis of the Russian and international rules for the identification of digital financial assets (DFA) (tokens) as an object of the accounting policy of companies and their use in preparation of reports makes it possible to state that DFA can be considered a financial instrument with all subsequent accounting and control and analytical operations only when a specific right, for example, participation in the replacement of real shares, is exercised. It is recommended to make some amendments related first, to the accounting and reporting methodology to facilitate the identification and assessment of digital rights holders (investment tokens) that replace securities, and, second, to account 58 “Financial Investments”, namely to open an additional subaccount to account for securities which are replaced by digital assets or digital currency.
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Kyshakevych, B. Y., and О. О. Migulka. "The Determinants of Efficiency in Terms of the Scale of Operations by Leasing Companies in Ukraine." Business Inform 1, no. 528 (2022): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-1-165-171.
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The article contains a regression model for assessing the average value of the efficiency of the scale of operations by leasing companies in Ukraine, which is built on the basis of DEA analysis. To determine the factors that cause a statistically significant impact on performance indicators obtained on the basis of DEA analysis, the authors use the appropriate regression models for panel data. To assess the efficiency of the scale of Ukrainian leasing companies for the analyzed period, the input-oriented DEA model with variable VRS and sustainable CRS scale effects was used. A statistical sample of the performance indicators of 21 leasing companies in Ukraine was formed, which was obtained from their financial and accounting statements for 2019-2020. Due to the significant sensitivity of SE scale efficiency to input and output variables, it was proposed to use an average scale efficiency value based on eight different DEA models. It is noted that if the CCR model determines the success of the management of a leasing company in the transformation of input resources into the output ones, then the efficiency of scale evaluates the correctness of choosing the scale of the leasing company. The analysis showed that the efficiency of the scale of the lessor’s activities in most cases depends on determinants such as administrative costs, fixed assets, and net profit of such companies. The obtained results indicate that with the increase in the size of the leasing company, the efficiency of the scale of their active operations decreases, since with an increase in the size of fixed assets and the volume of administrative costs, the average efficiency of the scale of their activities decreases. It is shown that the greater the net profit, the closer leasing companies work to the optimal scale of activity for them, which is determined by the volume of long-term receivables of the lessor and the size of his assets.
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Ducey, Donald L., and Ann Hayward Walker. "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-57.
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ABSTRACT The Department of Defense (DOD), operating through the Directorate of Military Support in the Department of the Army, supports state, local and other federal agency response operations in a wide range of natural and man-caused emergencies. Examples within the past six years include the Ashland Oil tank collapse in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, Exxon Valdez cleanup, Loma Prieta earthquake, hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, Mexico City earthquake, Armero (Columbia) volcanic eruption, and Puerto Rico floods and mudslides. From March 24 to September 27, 1989, the period of the Exxon Valdez initial cleanup operations, DOD provided military and civilian personnel, U. S. Navy ships for housing response workers, cargo and medical evacuation aircraft (fixed wing and helicopters), skimmers, modified dredges, landing craft, Dracones, Zodiak boats, radios, computers, and other miscellaneous equipment. This was in addition to assets of the Alaska Army and Air National Guard, which were committed by the governor. Support was provided to the U. S. Coast Guard on-scene coordinator and supervised by the Alaska Oil Spill Joint Task Force. The General Accounting Office, in its January 1990 report, Federal Costs Resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, estimated that DOD spent $62.8 million through September 30, 1989, the largest expenditure by any federal agency. Use of military resources is a realistic scenario in certain situations. Primary responders at the federal and state level should understand how to request and employ these assets. This paper provides a background on DOD support to disaster relief operations, and discusses the types of support available to agencies responding to natural or man-caused emergencies, request and approval mechanisms, the Department of Defense organization to provide support, and reimbursement of the department.
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Hnatiuk, Alla. "A New Look at the Classification of Non-current Tangible Assets During a Crisis." Modern Economics 25, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v25(2021)-07.
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Annotation. Introduction. Creation of an efficient property management system is one of the main problems for the enterprise management system. The effectiveness of such a system is directly determined by the quality of information used for management. Among the tasks, which an economic entity faces, a special place is occupied by the classification of objects of accounting. Financial and tax indicators depend on its solution at a particular enterprise. In order to properly organize the economic activity of an enterprise, it is needed to know what funds it has and in what these funds are invested (placed). Therefore, the division of enterprise resources into separate groups is necessary to understand and summarize the accounting information used for financial statements. Purpose. To ensure the usefulness of information on the availability of non-current tangible assets, which is provided to users in the way of classification, the article defines the qualitative characteristics of the classification of non-current tangible assets (relevance, objectivity, reliability, content, comparison) and studies their essence. Results. The research suggests a critical assessment of existing approaches to the criteria for grouping non-current tangible assets in order to define differences between them. This has made it possible to clarify the content of the criteria for recognizing non-current tangible assets as assets of the enterprise (criteria of economic benefit, value reliability, and control). This clarification deepens the understanding of the nature of non-current tangible assets as objects of accounting. Conclusions. The research has investigated the classification of non-current tangible assets from the normative-legal and scientific points of view. It has summarized the criteria applied in accordance with domestic and foreign legislation for the classification of non-current tangible assets. The research has substantiated the importance of improving the existing classification of such assets for accounting purposes. The research has also improved classification of non-current tangible assets according to the following criteria: the ability to bring economic benefits (long-term, immature) and the method of use in the production process (consumed, fruitful), which will significantly improve the structuring of enterprise assets. Keywords: classification; resources; criteria; non-current tangible assets; fixed assets; long-term biological assets.
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Клычова, Гузалия, Guzaliya Klychova, Алсу Закирова, Alsu Zakirova, Альфия Юсупова, Al'fiya Yusupova, Эльвира Камилова, and Elvira Kamilova. "FORMATION OF REPORTING IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SPHERA WITH APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b350b466c6540.96174109.
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In the article general principles of preparation of reporting in the field of sustainable development are considered, recommendations are formulated for the formation of non-financial reporting, using the mechanisms, contained in the computer accounting software of “1C”. The research methodology is based on application of such general scientific methods, as analysis, system approach, comparison, data compilation. Within the framework of the developed recommendations, additional accounts have been proposed for accounting: the costs of acquiring and constructing fixed assets for nature protection purposes; current costs associated with the operation and maintenance of fixed assets for environmental purposes; costs for acceptance, storage or disposal of environmentally hazardous waste; costs for environmental protection measures; costs to ensure an acceptable standard of living and work of employees and other social costs. Forms of reports, containing information on the environmental and social activities of the organization, have been developed. Reporting in the field of sustainable development is formed on the basis of accounting data. Before the authorized organizations there is a question of development of the primary documentation of registration of the operations connected with social activity of the enterprises. The use of information technology in the compilation of reports in the field of sustainable development will simplify the process of obtaining accounting data related to the economic, environmental and social activities of the organization. Further work is needed to determine the composition and structure of reporting containing information of a social nature, as well as research on the methodology, based on which the issue of the relationship between the main forms of reports will be resolved. The accounting methodology should be directed to the social activities of the enterprise. Currently, many enterprises support this direction, which positively affects their business reputation.