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1
Sato, Braxton. "Management Accountants, Risk Management, and Effective Communication." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/324.
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This paper seeks to explain the frameworks that the risk accountant likely operates in. It begins with a discussion of risk in the business context. Then the paper examines existing frameworks in light of the work of management accountants. The paper looks more closely at the tools the management accountant has at his disposal to identify, assess, and communicate risk as well as issues surrounding the use of these tools such as the calculative culture of the firm and biases in risk perception. It is meant to be useful to academics pursuing future research in risk accounting and also to management accountants in risk management.
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Lorenz, Angela. "Contemporary management accounting in the UK service sector." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2015. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4260/.
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This study demonstrates an original contribution to knowledge by providing a deeper understanding of management accounting practices in the context of service organisations. It explores a number of traditional and contemporary tools and their relationship to service organisations. The study focuses on the extent to which both traditional and contemporary tools are utilised in practice and also the underlying reasons why some tools become embedded in practice and the barriers and enablers of management accounting change in a service sector context. The study is explanatory in nature and uses a cross sectional survey to provide an understanding of what tools are used by service sector organisations and five in depth case studies to explore the nature of how the tools are used and the factors influencing the diffusion of new tools and the replication of existing tools. The analysis of the cases is done using Stones (2005) quadripartite framework which allows a sensitising of the data to provide insights into the external and internal structures which govern and are governed by the actions of the accountants. From the empirical research it was concluded that the management accounting practices of service sector organisations are similar to those of other organisational sectors and mainly rely upon the use of the traditional tools with limited use of the more contemporary tools. The exploration of the tools used in the case studies showed the internal structures in place which allowed the traditional tools to be embedded and replicated over time and also the external structures which when coupled with the internal structures resulted in barriers and enablers of change to the management accounting tools used. This thesis contributes to knowledge by providing a greater understanding of service sector management accounting and by the development of the strong structuration model to provide valuable insights into management accounting change and to demonstrate the continued theory practice gap in management accounting.
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Möllenhoff, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Three Papers in Empirical Finance and Accounting / Steffen Möllenhoff." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228010358/34.
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Mohamed, Abeer Abdulmoniem. "A proposed strategic management accounting model for profitability : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2010. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3238/.
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This thesis concerns strategic profitability management. The emergence of strategic management accounting has created a growing need for companies to discover the key factors that affect profitability and then to understand how these factors should be managed. To fulfil strategic management accounting requirements necessitates the use of appropriate strategic management accounting techniques. However, the traditional profitability system is inappropriate to meet the task. In addition, there has also been a lack of attention paid by researchers to the study of the integration between the most important drivers affecting profitability (cost, assets, and revenue). Moreover, there has inadequate Investigation of the management of each driver using strategic management accounting techniques. Therefore, this study attempts to create a new model for managing profitability to fulfil the requirements of strategic management and to evaluate the perceptions of managers related to the influence of such a new proposed model on profitability. A broadly positivist View, which utilizes both deductive reasoning coupled with a quantitative approach, was employed to create the profitability model. The creation of profitability model is enacted through an exploratory study. In order to create the profitability model, this thesis proposes three models for managing the key profitability drivers (cost, assets and revenue). The building of these models is based on the determination of the most important factor (driver) and approach that affect profitability in each model's case. In the light of such determination, strategic management accounting techniques were proposed to manage each driver in each model. The comprehensive profitability model is also proposed using the measurement levels of the cost, assets and revenue models. Models were tested in the Egyptian communication and information technology sector. A self-administrated questionnaire delivered and collected by hand was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. A total of 190 valid responses were used for quantitative analysis. The hypotheses related to the components of all the proposed models were examined via non-parametric measure of association, Spearman's rho technique and ordinal regression technique. The study found that there is a positive association between each proposed driver in the cost, assets, and revenue and profitability models. It also found that there is a positive association between each proposed approach in the assets and revenue model, and profitability. The main conclusion of this thesis was that the profitability model, which contains the measurement levels of the cost, assets and revenue models, is the most appropriate model because its predictors are most strongly associated with the profitability. The findings of this study can be generalized to the Egyptian ICT sector's members. In addition, the generalization of findings beyond the Egyptian ICT sector should be made with caution.
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Lari, Dashtbayaz Mahmoud. "Cash flow accounting and the cost of debt." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7028/.
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The aim of this study is to examine why firms may manipulate not just their earnings but also their cash flows, and to investigate the effects of this behaviour in debt markets with respect to the cost of debt. This research addresses current concerns about accounting rules (both GAAP and IFRS) which allow companies discretion in the presentation of their operating cash flow in financial statements. Using a sample of 8,684 UK and 23,935 USA firm-years from 1998 to 2010, the reported operating cash flow is decomposed into two components, unmanaged and managed, in order to examine the association between the estimated discretionary part of operating cash flow and the cost of debt. The results show that the cost of debt has a significantly positive association with the managed component of operating cash flows. By using path analysis, it is further shown that the effect of cash flow management in increasing the cost of debt is largely through its impact on accounting quality. Also it is found that the market positively prices abnormal operating cash flow information when firms experience financial problems, especially when companies are faced with low cash flows.
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Kayed, Metwally Ahmed El-Sayed. "Accounting regulation in Egypt in relation to western influence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3112.
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Garner, Jeffrey Lee. "Forensic Detection for Earnings Management in Selected Code Law Nations of Europe." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10932861.
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This study investigated earnings management in European firms. The private investors became victims of manipulated earnings where few laws offered regulatory oversight. The study forensically examined the attributes of earnings management identified using a discretionary accrual model published in Jones’ work and Schippers’ work. The firms’ managers should fulfil agency theory when they made reporting decisions, and they should act in the investors’ best interests to fulfil stewardship theory. The managers failed as they seemed to favor insiders when they reported manipulated earnings to outsiders like small investors even though the managers published financial reports conforming to the International Financial Reporting Standards. The investors depended on the decision usefulness of the reports. The study used the data of 432 listed firms in 11 code law nations. The paired t test identified significant differences between reported and economic earnings to find earnings management attributes and between economic and restated earnings to find earnings management cases. The research found that managers seemed to manipulate discretionary accruals to misstate earnings and reduce the decision usefulness of reporting. The data came from published financial reports and databases. The firms represented 11 nations and 9 industries that excluded banking and insurance. Almost 17% of nations and industry segments reflected earnings management attributes. About 29% of firms restated at least one annual earnings, and 84% of the restatements appeared to offset manipulation. The research results should prompt social change for small investors where regulators would redress the manipulation using stronger investor protection laws to improve the reported earnings quality and its decision usefulness.
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Weiss, Susan F. "Implications of Executive Succession Upon Financial Risk and Performance." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/958.
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Executive replacements have historically created fluctuations in the market value of a company and precipitated inappropriate investor reaction. However, the direction and statistical significance of relationships between executive turnover, market value, financial risk, and investor reaction among a census of highly performing firms was previously unexplored. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the relationship between CEO turnover and indicators of company performance. Theoretical foundation for this study was the efficient markets hypothesis. Hypotheses tests were designed to support an ex-post facto research methodology for pre-post comparison of volatility of financial metrics, which are indicators of market value (market value added), investor reaction (Tobin's q), risk (beta), executive performance (economic value added and return on assets), and turnover frequency given CEO succession. Statistically significant differences in firm risk emerged from comparisons of highly performing firms exemplified in the foundational leadership text Good to Great. Approximately 45 % of firms sampled did not experience volatility of financial metrics, which supported the presence of a leadership legacy, or strategic management behavior which minimized financial risk. Contrary to prior studies, financial metrics sampled within an interval immediately surrounding the succession event were less indicative of significant financial risk as compared to metrics sampled over the entire tenure of executives. Implications for positive social change include reducing investor risk in selection of equity holdings; capital fairly directed to entities results in benefits for society including job creation, economic stimulus, safer retirement accounts, and corporate sustainability.
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Pan, Lee-Hsien. "Two essays on dividend policy, managerial compensation, and corporate governance." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Tawfik, Myada. "Management control systems in accounting firms : an Egyptian perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7776/.
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This research examines the management control system (MCS) of a non-Big4 local Egyptian member firm (EMF) with the objectives of understanding and explaining how EMF's MCS is shaped by its idiosyncratic features as an accounting firm, as well as, its membership of a global network (NonA). The research situates accounting firms within the broader context of professional service firms, whose unique features, coupled with accounting firms' cost/quality conflict dilemma, require a control package approach. MCS is construed as a package of bureaucratic and clan controls. The research is theoretically informed by Ouchi's (1979, 1980) control typology, Malmi and Brown's (2008) notion of a package. A case study approach is used relying on interviews, documentation and observations in an interpretative qualitative research design.
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Hadori, Yunus Richard J. "External financial reporting in Indonesia and its implications for accounting development." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5347.
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The objective of this research is to explore the area of financial accounting, international accounting, and accounting technology transfer, with emphasis on accounting for developing countries, specifically Indonesia. Confining itself to external financial reporting, the study explores the influence of environmental aspects on accounting standards and practices, institutionally and technically. Analysis of the role and needs of preparers, users, auditors and government agencies, and of the interaction between institutional and technical aspects, conducted to ascertain their implications for accounting development in Indonesia. The empirical research was conducted using hypotheses as catalysts, to test the characteristics, general opinions and attitudes of the interested parties toward accounting standards and practices, accounting education and development of the accounting profession. The findings of the research suggest that accounting technology cannot be successfully transferred from a developed to a developing country without considering the influence of environment, particularly the role of government. Indonesia, heavily influenced by the US accounting, needs to improve its accounting system in order to make it appropriate for its own environment. Many deficiencies were found in the areas of accounting theory, accounting standards and practice, accounting rules and regulations, accounting education, professional accounting and the role of government. In order to improve the existing conditions, it must be recognised that those aspects are closely related, and that the only way to develop the role of accounting is to adopt an integrated approach. The study provides a series of recommendations, based upon the findings of the empirical research, which should provide a useful starting point towards such an approach.
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Al-Nimer, Munther. "The level of sophistication of management accounting practices in the Jordanian financial sector." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-level-of-sophistication-of-management-accounting-practices-in-the-jordanian-financial-sector(f80cfead-bef4-46a4-a476-cafabe9bb533).html.
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This thesis aims to identify the status of management accounting practices in the Jordanian financial sector in terms of both its usage and sophistication level and to examine the contingency factors that influence that status. The main objectives of the research are: to obtain a broad overview of management accounting practices in general, including the extent of usage of management accounting practices; examine the sophistication level of management accounting practices and at which phase, based on the IF AC model, the Jordanian financial sector is currently placed; investigate the effect of the contingent variables upon both the extent of usage and the sophistication level of management accounting practices. To attain these objectives, a combination of research methods has been conducted, namely, questionnaire and semi-structured interview; 64 valid questionnaires were returned, giving a 67.3% response rate, followed by 14 interviews. Several statistical analyses were used to analyse the responses, namely, descriptive analysis, bivariate correlation analysis (KendalFs tau test and Kruskal-Wallis test), and multivariate statistical tests. The results of the life cycle stages revealed that 67.2% of the respondent companies are located in the first two stages. In terms of the usage of management accounting practices, the research reported that traditional practices are still widespread and highly used, rarely using the more sophisticated or advanced practices, and that there is a diversity of practices used in the financial sector context. In general, the research revealed that budgeting practices and financial measures are heavily used, and there is a lack of usage of decision making practices and strategic analysis practices. Concerning the sophistication level of management accounting practices, the research revealed that almost all of the Jordanian financial sector companies are located in the first stage by 64.1% and 29.7% of companies in the second stage based on the IF AC model, thus indicating the simplicity of information that they require. This, in turn, reflects the simplicity of practices that are used in the Jordanian financial sector. In terms of the association between each contingency variables and the extent of usage of management accounting practices, the research reveals that the age of the company (number of years since establishment), net sale growth, number of employees, sophistication of operations, professional certificates, life cycle stages, and business type have a significant impact on the extent of usage of management accounting practices. In addition, it reveals that the age of the company, sophistication of operations, attendance of training courses, professional certificates, life cycle stages, and business type are the main contingency variables that influence the sophistication level of management accounting practices. The research's findings provide a broad overview of management accounting practices in the Jordanian financial sector. This overview is vital in improving the understanding of management accounting practices, particularly contemporary practices within the Jordanian financial sector in order to encourage practitioners to adopt contemporary practices of management accounting. In addition, the research informs practitioners of the main variables that influence the usage and sophistication level of management accounting practices and of those variables that need to be taken into account when planning the adoption or development of management accounting systems. Finally, the research's findings attempt to fill the gap between theory and practice in management accounting in Jordan.
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El, Sayad Samar Magdy Mohamed Mohamed. "Management accounting and supply chains : actions, concerns, and networks." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7477/.
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What does this thesis do? This thesis uses Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to examine how a UK retailer’s organization and strategy, and, in turn, its form of management accounting was shaped by its supply chain. The thesis does this by reporting on four related themes in the form of four inter-connected essays. The first essay undertakes a state-of-the-art review of the literature. It examines how accounting issues within supply chains permeate ‘matters of concern’. In accordance with this idea of ANT, the essay illustrates how issues emerged, controversies developed, and matters evolved through an actor-network of accounting researchers within the supply chain domain. This leads on to the second essay, which exemplifies the nature of the UK’s retailing industry within which the supply chain case organization emerged and developed. The purposes of the essay are twofold: to introduce the contextual ramifications of the case organization; and to illustrate the emergence of a new market logic, which led to the creation of a global supply chain and a new form of management accounting therein. The third essay reports on a qualitative case study. It analyses the dualistic relation between ostensive and performative aspects of supply chain strategy, reveals how accounting numbers act as an obligatory passage point within this dualism, and makes a contribution to the ANT debate around the issue of whether and how a dualism between ostensive and performative aspects exists. The final essay reports on another case analysis of institutionalizing a heterarchical form of management accounting: a distributed form of intelligence that penetrates through lateral accountable relations. The analysis reveals a new form of management accounting characterised by ambiguity; it emphasizes the possibilities of compromises and negotiations, and it thus contributes to knowledge by combining an aspect of ANT with heterarchical tendencies in the world of contemporary organizations. Finally, the thesis concludes that it is the supply chain that organises today’s neoliberal capitalism; and it is management accounting that unites both human and non-human actors within such supply chains, despite that form of management accounting being ambiguous. The thesis comprises the introduction, these four essays, and the conclusion.
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Nichols, Nancy Brown. "Earnings Management and the Independence or Interdependence of Accounting Choices: the Decision to Adopt Mandated Accounting Changes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277774/.
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This research examines whether firms managed earnings in the year they adopted SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (or its predecessor SFAS 96), by combining the choice to adopt SFAS 109 with other accounting choices in an interdependent rather than independent manner. Prior literature generally analyzes only one specific accounting choice, assuming that the decision is independent of other accounting procedure choices. However, it is unlikely that managers act in this manner. When attempting to achieve certain income goals, managers have numerous accounting tools available to them including the choice of accounting procedures and the exercise of judgment as to accrual amounts. This study investigates five choices consisting of: (1) the adoption of SFAS 109/96; (2) the adoption of SFAS 106; (3) the reporting of a restructuring of operations and/or a write-down of assets; (4) the reporting of asset sales; and (5) the choice of discretionary accruals.
The study adopts both a portfolio and joint decision approach. The portfolio approach combines the earnings effects of the five choices into a single dependent variable and tests income smoothing, big bath, and debt hypotheses. The joint decision approach utilizes simultaneous equation methodology to investigate the interdependence of the five choices and the independent variables.
The portfolio approach findings provide evidence that firms used the combined effect of the five accounting choices to smooth income in the year they adopted FAS 109/96. The results also provide support for the debt hypothesis but do not support the big bath hypothesis. The joint decision approach findings provide evidence that firms jointly determined at least two of the five accounting choices. The strong support for the income smoothing hypothesis under the portfolio approach combined with the joint significance of the individual accounting choices in the simultaneous equations suggests that firms use a multitude of accounting choices to manage earnings and that some of those decisions are made jointly, not independently.
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Ferry, Laurence. "A study of management accounting and control in governing the state : some lessons from a local government waste management service." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47373/.
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Political priorities are represented through accounting, which makes it fundamental to governing Whitehall and Town Hall relationships (Wildavsky 1964, 1975; Hopwood 1984; Hood 1995, 2010). Public sector research showed accounting has been colonising through coercive institutional processes that can lead to dysfunctional performance (Broadbent and Laughlin 1997). In contrast private sector accounting literature suggested both coercive and enabling bureaucracies (Adler and Borys 1996) can be formalised as management control systems (Ahrens and Chapman 2004) to balance efficiency and flexibility for better performance (Brown and Eisenhardt 1997). The research question looks to explain how coercive and enabling control can work in a specific Town Hall waste management service, and organisation changes occur between them to manage Whitehall strategic ambitions. A nested research design methodology was employed to undertake a historical study of archaeologies and genealogies of accounting for policies and strategies (Hopwood 1987; Foucault 1972, 1977), which were linked to a case study of sites and practices (Schatzki 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005; Ahrens and Chapman 2005, 2007). Methods included archival research, interviews and observation, with data triangulated to support claims. It was found that phases of archaeologies were layered representing policies, strategies and practices, but with related genealogies of change. The genealogies illustrate coercive control could be enabling in the public sector, but with changing contexts this can shift from being empowering to constraining and even dysfunctional to performance. In addition, coercive control could be enabling through system design, system features and implementation context, but changes to the strategic context rather than just the structural context have to occur for enabling control to take on more ensuring notions. Furthermore, the use of system features (Ahrens and Chapman 2004) and processes (Wouters and Wilderom (2008)) are important for coercive procedures to be enabling, but so were practices and the situated functionality of accounting for establishing order, setting and developing current and future agendas, and accomplishing priorities.
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Ba-Owaidan, Mamdouh Abdullah. "The contribution of accounting information to investor decisions in the Saudi stock market." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4578.
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Mignot, Helen Rosemary 1966. "Impact of output management within management control systems on performance in Victorian government departments." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7903.
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Almahrog, Yousf Ebrahem. "Earnings management and corporate social responsibility : the case of UK." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16628/.
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The primary focus of this study is to investigate the relation between Earnings Management (EM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the UK. While there are few studies in the existing literature that examined the relationship between EM and CSR, there is a lack of studies examining this relation in the UK. Furthermore, the existing academic literature appears to provide inconsistent results. These considerations motivate this study to bridge this gap in the literature by providing evidence of whether or not EM and CSR are related in the UK. The present study carried out through three empirical stages based on the data obtained from the FTSE 350 Index between 2008 and 2010. The first stage examined the EM practice using three EM models to estimate discretionary accruals as proxy for EM. The models were the Jones (1991), modified Jones (Dechow et al. 1995) and performance - matched (Kothari et al. 2005) models. Firstly, these models were tested using multivariate analysis; the findings revealed that the performance - marched model has been identified as the model that could most accurately measure the presence of EM. Secondly, by applying univariate analysis, the study has found insignificant differences between the high and low EM practices in UK firms and that the highest and the lowest levels of EM were in 2008. Similar results were discovered when comparing the differences between income - increasing and income - decreasing EM. The second stage tested CSR by applying both content analysis and disclosure index approaches to identify the level of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSD) as proxy of CSR. The findings from the content analysis revealed that the employees (EMP) theme had the highest level of CSR information, followed by community (COM), environment (ENV), others (OTH), products and services (PRO), and customers (CUS). Similar results were obtained when the disclosure index approach was employed. The relationship between EM and CSR was tested in the final stage by using univariate and multivariate analyses. The findings revealed that firms with more CSR information reported lower EM. Further tests were performed to investigate the link between EM and CSR themes and the findings revealed that firms with more information of EMP, COM, EVE and PRO reported lower EM. However, no evidence suggested that CUS and OTH information affect EM. Overall, the findings suggest that the level of CSR improve financial reports’ quality. This study aspires to contribute to our understanding and knowledge on the issue related to the role of CSR regarding the quality of reported earnings.
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Khansalar, Ehsan. "The consistent estimation of future cash flow and future earnings : a predictive model with accounting double entry constraint." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7402/.
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In empirical financial accounting research, there continues to be a debate as to what the best predictors of future earnings and future cash flows might be. Past accruals, earnings and cash flows are the most common predictors, but there is no consensus over their relative contributions, and little attention to the underlying accounting identities that link the components of these three prominent variables. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this controversy further, and to apply an innovative method which yields consistent estimations of future earnings and cash flows, with higher precision and greater efficiency than is the case in published results to date. The estimation imposes constraints based on financial statement articulation, using a system of structural regressions and a framework of simultaneous linear equations, which allows for the most basic property of accounting - double entry book-keeping - to be incorporated as a set of constraints within the model. In predicting future cash flows, the results imply that the constrained model which observes the double entry condition is superior to the models that are not constrained in this way, producing (a) rational signs consistent with expectations, not only in the entire sample but also in each industry, (b) evidence that double entry holds, based on the Wald test that the estimated marginal responses sum to zero, and (c) confirmation of model improvement by way of a higher likelihood and greater precision attached to predictor variables. Furthermore, by then using an appropriately specified model that observes the double entry constraint in order to predict earnings, the thesis reports statistically significant results, across all industries, that cash flows are superior to accruals in explaining future earnings, indicating also that accruals with a lower level of reliability tend to be more relevant in this respect.
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Eller, Lorna Jane. "Accounting and management interrelationships in local government in New Zealand and Scotland at the end of the twentieth century." n.p, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Chorzelski, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Simulation modelling in accounting and finance: current practices and advances in input modelling / Daniel Chorzelski." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239730306/34.
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Garcia, Roberto C. "An Accounting Solution to The Public Pension Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/890.
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Roughly 40 million American active and retired workers are covered by local, state or federal pension systems. The most recent financial crises has caused many of these pension systems to go up in flames, leaving politicians and economists puzzled as to where the money to pay off their future pension liabilities will come from. To add to the nightmare situation, we can expect the retirement of the baby-boomers over the next decade to exacerbate the conflagration. With less contributions coming in from the reduced number of active public employees, and more to pay out to retirees, many localities and states find themselves in the middle of the fire. This issue finds itself at the crossroads of politics, labor economics, accounting, and finance, and it will take a full-fledged effort from parties within all these fields to correct the mistakes of the past. The aim of this paper is to zero-in on the origins of this dilemma, diagnose the situation we find ourselves in today, and prescribe a solution or number of solutions to implement in the near future. To accomplish this, I will examine accounting standards, legislation, public policies, and labor demographics and attempt to provide insight as to how all of these affect the state of public pension plans. To this date we have already seen the effects pensions can have on governmental entities and it is important that people act now to prevent this issue from growing more widespread.
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Alhajraf, Nayef Falah Mubarak. "Disclosure in the financial statements of banks : International accounting standards no.30 and the Kuwaiti banks." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3534.
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Disclosure in financial statements in general has been the subject of many studies, yet disclosure in banks' financial statements has not yet been given the attention and research it deserves. Such a lack of attention might be due to the financial statements users themselves not paying enough attention to it, or due to the banks' management not being keen to practise more disclosure within their financial statements.In Kuwait, disclosure in general, and within the banking industry in particular, has been receiving more attention for the last ten years or so, but such attention has not been explained yet.International accounting standard No.30 forms the foundation of the disclosure in the banks financial statements and similar institutions, and as Kuwait implemented the International Accounting Standards in 1990, banks fell under the IAS 30 requirements regarding the disclosure in their financial statements. In this exploratory study, two avenues are investigated: first, users' evaluation of the disclosure level within the banks' financial statements in Kuwait; and second, the measurement of the actual disclosure in the banks' financial statements in Kuwait. Asurvey method is applied to evaluate the disclosure level in the banks' financial statements, while an index method is applied to for measuring the disclosure level in the banks' financial statements.
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Nutt, Stacey R. "Systematic bias in financial accounting information contributing to the overestimation of future earnings : an investigation into a consequence of earnings management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29388.
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Au, Chung-man Johnsman, and 歐中民. "The development of value for money auditing in the public sector in Hong Kong: problems and issues." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964217.
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Onyekwena, Ifeanyi David. "A Correlational Study of the Influence of the International Financial Reporting Standards on Remediation and Accounting Practice in Banking and Finance Industries." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259522.
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Abstract The topic for this study was the phenomenon of income smoothing as a strategy for earnings management in banks and financial institutions. The general problem of the study was that income smoothing was a form of earnings manipulation and could lead to fraud. Moreover, the specific problem was that it was unknown how the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in its ushering of higher financial reporting quality, could influence the level of remediation and accounting practice among financial institutions and banks; having said that, there was yet to be a formal attempt at quantifying and understanding how the IFRS and the practices it ushered in could regulate income smoothing and earnings management among financial and banking institutions, as well as its effect on the quality of financial statements presented by such firms. To address this problem, the purpose of this study was to explore how the IFRS, in its ushering of higher financial reporting quality, could influence the level of remediation and accounting practices among financial institutions and banks. In line with the problem and purpose of the study, a correlational quantitative study was the research design used. Data were gathered from banks or financial institutions listed in the NYSE since 2000. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data gathered. The results of the regression analysis supported the alternative hypothesis that earnings from tangible assets categorized as plant and equipment used for production in the year of investigation as influenced by the IFRS significantly influence in minimizing the rate to which firms? engage in earnings management. This research provides understanding into how earnings management has collaboratively influenced the reported financials of the 100 NYSE-listed companies that partook in this study.
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Davids, Nadia. "The importance of financial management knowledge and accounting skills among department managers in the hotel industry within the Cape Town metropolis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2650.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The hospitality industry has undergone far-reaching changes based on discussions held with industry representatives. Due to the rapid development of accounting systems there is an over reliance on systems to control costs. This influences the accounting skills of department managers, which are insufficient to manage their departments effectively. The research investigates the role and relevance of accounting skills amongst department managers of selected hotels in Cape Town. The research methodology employed a semi-structured questionnaire that was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The focus was on selected three-star (3) and five-star (5) hotels within Cape Town. The findings were drawn from a small sample of 45 hotels, among which 35 participants from the 45 hotels completed the questionnaire. A review of literature identified a strong need for department managers to have accounting skills, but there is limited evidence whether they actually hold these skills. Statistical analysis of the responses revealed that less than 50% of the participants were confident that they had sufficient accounting skills to manage their departments effectively. Two key issues were identified (1) the benefits of accounting skills (2) the need for formal accounting skills training. If the findings and concerns of the lack of accounting skills are not addressed it will affect cost control, costs will increase and profitability will be negatively affected. Recommendations include more interaction and forging links between academia and industry. A challenge for hospitality academics is review current financial management training provided and introduces mentorship programmes to develop the accounting skills of department managers.
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Kordsachia, Othar [Verfasser]. "Current topics in sustainability accounting and sustainable finance : Aktuelle Themen in Nachhaltigkeitsrechnung und nachhaltiger Finanzierung / Othar Kordsachia." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225042046/34.
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DiLucci, Jasmine. "Tax Return Preparer Liability: A New Approach to Accountability." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/880.
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The purpose of this paper is to propose a new theory of civil liability to hold tax return preparers liable to their clients for tax malpractice, applying to understatements, overstatements, and non-optimal tax advice. This paper discusses the tax return preparer’s (TRPs, both signatory and nonsignatory) current liability to the government and to the client, specifically addressing Circular 230, AICPA rules, state boards of accountancy, federal regulations, and malpractice for professionals. It will then go through several case studies to establish current gaps in malpractice law for TRPs, showing how the government is usually favored in court while clients are not. Ultimately, I will explain a general theory of liability to apply nationally for TRPs to increase their accountability to their clients.
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Fang, Shunlan. "Real Cost Management." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216540.
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Business Administration/InterdisciplinaryPh.D.
This dissertation examines how managers make cost decisions under significant economic events. The economic events of interests are the economic crisis from 2008 to 2010 and corporate loan financing. The economic crisis caused many firms to experience sales declines and created tremendous pessimism about prospects of sales rebounding in the future. I find that not all firms were affected equally. Sales-down firms exhibit anti-sticky cost behavior during this period; that is, costs are cut back more steeply as sales fall than they increase as sales rise. Such a behavior during the economic crisis is exactly the opposite of the average sticky cost behavior during normal economic periods documented in prior accounting research. This, in turn, implies that net income and cash flows from operations (as percentage of sales) may increase, rather than decrease for sales-down firms during an economic downturn. In the second study, I use a difference-in-difference research design to examine whether and how managers engage in cost management before and after loan financing. I find that managers significantly cut back operating expenses prior to loan financing. However, cost reduction is asymmetric with respect to the direction of sales changes. Compared with firms experiencing sales increases, firms experiencing sales declines reduce costs to a greater extent prior to financing and also exhibit a reversion in the cost level after financing. The reversion in cost level is negatively related to the percentage of financial covenants that are based on earnings. I do not find consistent evidence supporting that managers engage in accrual management, overproduction or asset sales.
Temple University--Theses
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Nwabueze, John Chidi. "Strategies to Sustain Small Accounting Businesses for Longer Than 5 Years." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7172.
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Small businesses represent over 99% of all United States businesses and are engines of economic growth and job creation. In 2018, the Small Business Administration estimated that a total of 30.2 million small businesses employed over 58.9 million workers. Small businesses are known to face significant challenges, and most fail within 5 years of startup. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that owners of small accounting businesses used to sustain their organizations for longer than 5 years. The population in this study consisted of 5 owners of small accounting businesses in Michigan. The conceptual framework for the study was human capital theory. Data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews and review of documents. The analysis of collected data yielded themes that included market research and competitive analysis, excellent customer service, passion for accounting and arduous work, and retention of skilled and competent employees. The findings of this study may be applied to bringing about positive social change by enhancing small business owners' competence and promoting business growth. Additionally, the use of the results of this study may promote economic activities and sustainability by stimulating job creation and reducing unemployment.
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Kapulwa, Aina Tulipunye Ndahekelekwa. "The contribution of management accounting practices to the success of a manufacturing business: a case study of Namibia Breweries limited." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17777.
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Manufacturing plays a significant role in the economy of Namibia, and yet is not performing as anticipated. In this study, the role management accounting plays in the success of a manufacturing business is explored. The research study was guided by the question of whether management accounting practices have an impact on the success of a manufacturing business through decision-making, business strategy formulation and implementation processes, as well as business performance as a whole. The research methodology used for this study is a qualitative case study of the manufacturer, Namibia Breweries Limited. This study used the insight of managers involved in the business strategy formulation and implementation, as well as in the decision-making process. The interviews focused on three themes: the contribution of management accounting practices through the business strategy and decision-making process, the influence of management accounting on business performance, and finally, the management accounting systems used in a manufacturing business. The findings of the study demonstrate that there needs to be greater awareness regarding the influence of management accounting practices on the success of a manufacturing business. Also, periodic appraisals on financial performance, quality of products and personnel performance, as well as a thorough understanding of the costing system, can be essential to the success of a manufacturing business.
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Geagon, Margot S. "Evaluating earnings management with derivatives and the use of accounting accruals: A quasi experimental approach." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/678.
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Most companies listed on the S&P 500 index have reported smoothed earnings since the 1990s inspiring questions from regulators about the accuracy of financial statements. In 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133 (Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities) to establish accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. In 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was issued to eradicate earnings management activities and improve transparency in financial reporting. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate changes in reporting requirements, much less is known about the effectiveness of these regulations on earning smoothing with discretionary accruals (DA) and derivative hedge reporting (DHR). Accordingly, this study was an investigation of the effectiveness of SOX and SFAS No. 133 on DA, and DHR. The research questions were used to examine DA, and to evaluate the transparency of DHR for the years 1997 through 2007. This study is a quasi-experimental research design where 30 companies from the high technology industry segment were randomly drawn to form 330 observations. The modified Jones model was used to separate DA and repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess differences in levels before and after the issuance of SOX. A Quality Disclosure Index (QDI) was used to assess the transparency of DHR and repeated measures of variance were used to evaluate the QDI scores before and after the issuance of SFAS No. 133. The findings suggest DA activities are decreasing but represent over 50% of total net accruals for all years and the QDI for DHR is decreasing. Improved financial regulation is needed. The study contributes to positive social change by providing regulators and investors with new information about accruals for income conservative firms by segmenting DA and investigating the level of transparency in DHR that could be used to formulate appropriate financial regulation and improve the quality of our financial reporting system.
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Soga, Nomaphelo. "The cost of credit default in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3027.
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Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019The risk that borrowers may not fulfil borrowing obligation presents credit owners (lenders) with a default risk management opportunity to maximize risk-adjusted rate of return and maintain minimum exposure to default associated cost. This study investigated respondents' perception of the cost of credit default and examines requirements for default risk management (ORM) in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa. It is noted that with increased level of consumer indebtedness, an unstable economy, and high unemployment, vehicle financing faces a higher probability of default from borrowers. This descriptive investigation utilised both the quantitative and qualitative approaches using the survey method to collect data from 381 purposive, randomly selected respondents who are vehicle finance customers in South Africa; Cape Town specifically. Data collection took place in the Western Cape over a nine months period, utilising personal interview, and emails to administer open-ended questionnaires for credit managers and close-ended questionnaires, for the vehicle finances' customers, as data collection instrument. Responses received were codified and quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) while qualitative data was analysed using the content analysis of percentage of word similarities. The study found mixed and variable respondents' perception of the cost of credit default. In conclusion, it is perceived that in South Africa the cost of credit would become more costly with credit default. It can be recommended that a default risk management intervention could be applied to mitigate the risk of credit default within the context of unified credit assessment policy of South Africa.
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Baboojee, Beerson. "Improving service delivery through changing from cash to accrual accounting : lessons for South Africa based on a cross-national study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21197.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study undertakes an extensive literature review and analysis of the South African Government’s venture towards adopting accrual accounting in the national and provincial spheres of government. The venture is benchmarked against similar ventures of New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. The experiences of other countries are used only to the extent needed to shed further light on certain issues and do not constitute a meaningful portion of the study. The study examined whether the accruals basis of accounting will increase the value of the system of accounting in the broader strategy to improve service delivery in the national and provincial spheres of government in South Africa. Two subsidiary issues are also examined: whether the departments are ready and able to cope with a change to accrual accounting in the foreseeable future; and the risks inherent in the change The main observations of the study are that the Government of South Africa (GoSA) faces a serious service delivery crisis. The government has identified that a broad package of reforms, including an improved system of accounting, is needed to address the service delivery dilemma. The change from the current modified cash to the accruals basis of accounting in the national and provincial spheres of government forms part of this solution. The change to accrual accounting is aimed at producing additional and more sophisticated information that will be used to improve decision making and ultimately the quality and cost of government services. This move is consistent with the requirements of the PFMA, which requires the government’s accounting system to operate within the GRAP framework, an accrual accounting format. The paper finds that although accrual accounting is a superior model in theory, in practice there is an increasing sense of disillusionment with the outcomes of accrual accounting, hence an accompanying decline in the interest shown by governments across the world in changing to this format. In all three countries studied there is evidence that accrual accounting reform has underperformed relative to the original expectations. Causes of this scenario are linked to the adoption of a model of accrual accounting that is not properly configured for the nuances of the public sector, poor implementation and in some cases the unrealistic expectation of seeing results too soon after implementation. These countries have had to take additional measures to obtain value, some of which nevertheless remain elusive. All three countries nevertheless cited improved asset management as the prime benefit of the accrual accounting system. It is noted that, when the information produced through the system of accrual accounting is used effectively, it ought to result in a more effective, efficient and transparent use of resources – a precondition for improving service delivery. The paradox is that accrual accounting is used in the South African municipalities and public entities, yet, the majority of these institutions have dismal service delivery records. This illustrates that accrual accounting in and of itself will not make a significant impact on the quality of service delivery and that there is a need for an intensive programme of control, governance and skills improvement alongside the accrual accounting reform. In the final analysis the study finds that there is a paucity of evidence showing the causality between the adoption of accrual accounting and improvements in service delivery; in the main because accrual accounting was introduced within a broader set of reforms and it has not been possible to isolate its impact. It is also observed that the national and provincial departments are underprepared for accrual accounting and that there are significant risks to implementing the change in the foreseeable future. Given this scenario, the hypothesis that the accruals basis of accounting is a superior model for addressing the service delivery challenges in the GoSA cannot be confirmed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie onderneem 'n omvattende literatuurstudie en analise van die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering se onderneming tot die goedkeuring van Toevalling rekeningkunde in die nasionale en provinsiale sfere van die regering. Die onderneming is teen soortgelyke ondernemings van Nieu-Seeland, Australië en die Verenigde Koninkryk vergelyk. Die ervarings van ander lande word slegs gebruik in die mate wat nodig is om meer lig te werp op sekere kwessies en maak nie 'n betekenisvolle gedeelte van die studie uit nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek of die toevalling rekeningkundige grondslag die waarde van die rekeningkundige stelsel van toename in die breër strategie om dienslewering in die nasionale en provinsiale sfere van die regering in Suid-Afrika sal verbeter. Twee addisionele kwessies word ook ondersoek om te bepaal of departemente binne die afsienbare toekoms gereed en in staat sal wees om aan te gaan met 'n verandering aan die Toevalling rekeningkunde asook die risiko's wat inherent in die verandering is sal kan hanteer. Die belangrikste waarnemings van die studie is dat die Regering van Suid-Afrika 'n ernstige dienslewering krisis in die gesig staar. Die regering het vasgestel dat 'n breë pakket van die hervorming, insluitend 'n verbeterde stelsel van rekeningkunde, nodig is om die dienslewering dilemma aan te spreek. Die verandering van die huidige rekeningkundige stelsel na die toevalling basis van rekeningkunde in die nasionale en provinsiale sfere van die regering vorm deel van hierdie oplossing. Die verandering aan die toevalling rekeningkundige is gemik op die vervaardiging van addisionele en meer komplekse inligting wat gebruik sal word om besluitneming en uiteindelik die kwaliteit en koste van die regering se dienste te verbeter. Hierdie stap is in ooreenstemming met die vereistes van die PFMA, wat vereis dat die regering se rekeningkundige stelsel te bedryf binne die raamwerk van die GRAP, 'n toevalling rekeningkundige formaat. Die ondersoek het bevind dat hoewel Toevalling rekeningkunde 'n uitstekende model in die teorie is dat daar in die praktyk 'n toenemende gevoel van ontnugtering met die uitkomste van toevalling rekeningkundige is en die belangstelling wat deur die regerings regoor die wêreld in die verandering na hierdie formaat ‘n beduidende afname toon. In al drie lande wat ondersoek is, is daar bewyse dat die hervorming van die boekhoudsysteem onder presteer het met betrekking tot die oorspronklike verwagtinge wat gestel was. Die oorsake hiervan is gekoppel aan die aanvaarding van 'n model van die toevallingsgrondslag rekeningkundige wat nie behoorlik ingestel vir die nuanses van die openbare sektor, swak uitvoering en in sommige gevalle die onrealistiese verwagting dat resultate vinnig na die implementering gesien sal word. Hierdie lande het bykomende maatreëls ingestel om waarde te verkry maar sommige van die waardes bly steeds ontwykend. Al drie lande is dit eens dat verbeterde besluitneming, die primêre voordeel van die boekhoudsysteem, die kritiese insette bly vir verbeterde dienslewering. Dit is bekend dat wanneer die inligting wat deur die stelsel van toevalling rekeningkundige geproduseer word, doeltreffend gebruik word, dit tot 'n meer effektiewe, doeltreffende en deursigtige gebruik van hulpbronne behoort te lei - 'n voorvereiste vir die verbetering van dienslewering. Die paradoks is dat toevalling rekeningkunde in die munisipaliteite en openbare entiteite gebruik word, maar die meerderheid van hierdie instellings het 'n swak dienslewering rekord. Dit illustreer dat toevalling rekeningkunde in en van opsigself nie 'n beduidende impak op die gehalte van dienslewering sal maak nie en dat daar 'n behoefte vir 'n intensiewe program om beheer, bestuur en vaardighede te verbeter bykomend tot die oplopende rekeningkundige hervorming moet wees. Die studie het bevind dat daar 'n gebrek aan bewyse tussen die aanneming van toevallingrekeningkundige en die moontlike verbeterings in dienslewering met die stelsel is. In hoofsaak is die boekhoudsysteem binne 'n breër stel hervormings ingestel en kan die moontlike impak daarvan nie geisoleer word nie. Dit is ook waargeneem dat die nasionale en provinsiale departemente swak is in die toevallingrekeningkundige stelsel en dat daar beduidende risiko's vir die implementering van die verandering in die afsienbare toekoms. In lig van hierdie opsomming kan die hipotese nie bevestig word dat die toevallings rekeningkunde as ‘n beter model bevestig is om die dienslewering uitdagings aan te spreek in die Regering.
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Kilic, Emre. "The impact of leverage implicit in derivative financial instruments on banks' default risk premium." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Romeike, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Blockchain Technology in Finance and Accounting: Essays on Initial Coin Offerings, Crypto Assets, and Corporate Use Cases / Stephan Romeike." Berlin : epubli, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241399212/34.
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Nguyen, Quyen. "Capital structure, asset redeployability, top-management compensation and credit risk measurements : the impact of the on and off-balance sheet financing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/372411/.
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With the existence of loopholes in the accounting rules, firms have been able to keep many assets and their corresponding debt off the balance sheets, thus, hiding the true value of debt and firm financial risk (Ketz (2003), Franzen et al. (2009) and Koller et al. (2010)). Graham and Leary (2011) point out that one of the noticeable gaps in the capital structure research area is the mis measurement of leverage when off-balance sheet financing is excluded. Therefore, this thesis bridges the mis-measurement gap by adjusting leverage for three important off-balance sheet debt equivalents and two on-balance sheet ones. Moreover, this study investigates the relationships between asset redeployability, top-management compensation and both adjusted and non-adjusted leverage as well as examines whether these on and off-balance sheet debt equivalents are reflecte in credit risk measurements. Focusing on large US firms from 1996 to 2010, my results show that the off-balance sheet debt equivalents account for significantamounts over total reported debt. Also,there is a considerable gap between reported debt and adjusted debt for debt equivalents, and this gap seems to increase sharply over time. I suggest that these debt equivalents should be considered carefully; otherwise, firms' financial health can be misinterpreted. In addition, I document different results for adjusted and non-adjusted leverage which indicates that existing theories related to the conventional capital structure might not be able to give the same explanations to the adjusted one. Moreover, credit risk measurements do not incorporate all of these debt equivalents in their credit risk assessments; which implies that the market may not be fully aware of the importance of these debt equivalents.
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Ogbenjuwa, Emmanuel Inalegwu. "Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards by listed companies in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2327.
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This study is on implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by reporting entities in Nigeria. Since Nigeria adopted IFRS in 2010, managers of reporting entities have been confronted with organizational changes both in the structures and processes of financial reporting. Previous studies have not assessed the claims that adopting IFRS improves the quality of financial reports and managerial efficiency. This study evaluated the assertion that IFRS adoption impacts the quality of financial reports, operational costs, and operational efficiencies of management. The theoretical frameworks which undergirded the study were theories of organizational behaviors and attitudinal change. Data were collected via a stratified sampling of 520 respondents who completed a 5-point Likert scale, which has a long history of reliability and usage in social science research. This study adopted a documentary review of financial statements before and after IFRS implementation to evaluate how IFRS adoption affected them. Logistic regression was used to test the main effects of IFRS adoption as independent variable to predict managerial efficiency as outcome variable. The study found statistically significant improvement in the quality of financial reporting and managerial efficiency following IFRS adoption. Participants' perceptions about IFRS measured on the attitudes scale did not significantly predict managerial efficiency, however, and the cost and benefit of implementing IFRS had no significant relationship with managerial efficiency. The study has positive social change implications as its findings, when implemented, may lead to more efficient company management, business expansion, improved government accounting oversight, more job opportunities, and reduced crime rates.
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Tolkin, Jason. "Airline Bankruptcy: The Determining Factors Leading to an Airline's Decline." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/88.
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The purpose of this study was to determine what the critical factors are to an airline’s financial turmoil, leading ultimately to a bankruptcy filing. Over the past decade, the airline industries’ performance has been dismal, leading to 20 bankruptcy filings. As competition increases, it is crucial for airlines to know which core business areas are essential to success. This paper identifies 8 specific industry metrics that are used to compare airlines, revealing where certain airlines falter and others shine. Some of these metrics are later applied to a case study examining Trans World Airlines (TWA) and American Airlines (AA), highlighting the factors leading to TWA’s bankruptcy filing during the same time period American Airlines remained profitable. The results show that the labor inefficiency, operating inefficiencies, unsuccessful fuel hedging programs, and high long-term debt are critical factors leading to an airlines bankruptcy. Four recommendations for airlines are provided, namely: 1.) The cross-utilization of employees, 2.) Maintain Cost Discipline, 3.) Focus on Breakeven Load Factor, and 4.) Do not neglect the intangibles such as brand reputation.
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Turbide, Johanne. "Management accounting systems and the exercise of interpersonal power in organizations : observations from an 'accounting free' zone : the case of not-for-profit performing arts organisations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36335/.
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This thesis has two main concerns. First it attempts to shed new light on the ways in which alternative "critical" approaches have developed within management accounting research, over the past two decades, to challenge approaches which depict accounting in organizations as a rational, objective and value-free device. My literature review analyses the range of issues covered by the new approaches, and their boundaries, and suggests that, to date, the more significant contributions have taken place at the theoretical level, although an increasing amount of empirical research is coming through. My second and major objective is to contribute to the critical project in two ways: empirically, by undertaking a field study in an area where management accounting systems (hereafter MAS) are not necessarily accepted in a taken-for-granted way, the not-for-profit performing arts sector, and theoretically, by developing and validating, via this field study, a conceptual framework adapted from organization theory, which may help shed light on a theoretical issue which seems to have been somewhat overlooked, the reciprocal way in which individuals interact with MAS, as a problem .of power relations. The play of relations which I wish to scrutinize is best expressed in the following two questions: How do the actions of individuals affect the power of MAS? How does the power of MAS affect the actions of individuals? Methodologically, the conceptual framework is designed to enable me to analyse action in terms of the interactions between "individuals", "concrete systems of action" and the social, economic and cultural "environment". I aim to identify the relative influence on power relations of MAS, when compared with other "concrete systems of action", bearing in mind three types of constraint: those arising in the "immediate" environment, and others deriving from the "politicaleconomic" and "cultural-aesthetic" environments. My objective is to examine the extent to which MAS are appropriated as a resource by individuals in search of, or in the exercise of, power within not-for-profit based theatres. I have undertaken comparative field research in two countries, in order to see what regularities and differences there may be within and between countries. Data were gathered through direct observation and interviews, plus written documentation from two theatres in Montreal, Canada, and two in the English Midlands. Given the qualitative nature of my research, and in order to maintain a formal separation of observations and interpretation, I first present the detail of my findings using a simple narrative format, before presenting the interpretation based on my conceptual framework. My findings suggest that, even though many organizational actors still perceive an incompatibility between MAS and artistic objectives, artistic activity is heavily shaped by accounting-related activities, across all departments, in all theatres. Accounting discourse in general, and the MAS in particular, does affect actions and represents an indispensable resource in negotiations with outside actors, e.g. sponsors, funding bodies, formal Boards. At the same time, my comparative data suggest that an MAS which is structured to allow individuals to participate actively and positively in day-to-day accounting work will be more positively perceived by managers, even in a not-for-profit, performing arts contexts, as a helpful and constructive means of reconciling the aesthetic and economic objectives which are required for their organization's survival and success.
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Agbara, Abdelmeneim Hassan. "An investigation into audit quality in Libya." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3267/.
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There are a number of audited companies in Libya which have gone into bankruptcy between 1995 and 2005. Therefore, there is a significant question about the audit quality situation in Libya. There is not itself much research about audit quality in Libya. In particular, there is not much research that has tried to measure audit quality in Libya. This study is an attempt to pursue further some of the issues around financial audit quality in Libya. Secondary data analysis presents observations of Libyan companies from 2006 to 2009 to measure discretionary accruals. It applies an appropriate type of statistical method, to identify accruals and then examine the type of audit opinion related to these statements. Findings indicate that there is earnings management in almost all financial statements. The findings divided all companies into 113 positive andl40 negative discretionary accruals. In addition, Findings indicate that auditors of the agency and auditors working for him/her self issued in general 85.7% unqualified (clean) audit opinion for financial statements that have earnings management, and 11% modified audit opinion. The results answer the first question in this study about the level of audit quality in Libya: audit quality level in Libya is low. The semi-structured interviews support finding of the secondary data analysis, that is the level of audit quality in Libya is low. Also findings indicate that in Libya there are some fundamental elements which themselves are insufficient to deal to develop audit quality. Furthermore, the Libyan audit context suffers from some obstacles and problems that prevent the development of audit quality.
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Siraj, Siti Alawiah. "An empirical investigation into the accounting, accountability and effectiveness of WAQF management in the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46875/.
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Waqf and its management in Malaysia have been very much neglected by the relevant authorities for a relatively long period of time. In Malaysia, waqf is managed by State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), which is the sole trustees for waqf resources. The emergence of Islamic economics and the pressing demands for greater countability and better performance in the public sector organisations provided an impetus for the waqf revival in Malaysia. Thus this study empirically investigated the accounting, accountability and effectiveness of the waqf management in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey examining the current practices of the principal management activities including strategic planning, budgeting and budgetary control, performance measurement and financial reporting was distributed to thirteen SIRCs and two semi-autonomous baytulmal institutions, one in Sabah and the other in Sarawak. Furthermore, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted on the senior and operational officers of SIRCs/baytulmal institutions, the Department of Awqaf, Zakah and Hajj (JAWHAR), the Malaysia Waqf Foundation (MWF) and the National Audit Department (NAD). Essentially, the study revealed a number of noticeable findings with regard to the principal management activities in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions. Firstly, budgeting in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions appeared to function mainly as planning and control tools. The strict approach to budgetary control in these organisations was to ensure the adherence of spending to the budgets while the efficiency and effectiveness of resource consumption were less emphasised. Delegation of authority and responsibility to operational managers was restricted to budgetary control. Secondly, there were evidences of conspicuous discrepancies in the financial reporting practice. This may have been attributed by the absence of specific accounting framework for Islamic assets and funds held by SIRCs/baytulmal institutions. The financial reporting practice in these organisations had less focused on the stewardship/accountability dimension expected of the public sector and non-profit organisations. Thirdly, performance measurement in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions appeared to be focusing on enhancing the administrative capacity of the organisations. Fourthly, the existence of strategic planning in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions was very limited and mainly conditioned on external requirements. Finally, the study also revealed the presence of inherent challenges in the waqf management in SIRCs/baytulmal institutions, namely, financial inadequacy, shortages of manpower, and limited administrative capacity. The present practice of the principal management activities and the inherent challenges had a profound impact on the extent of accountability and effectiveness of the waqf management in Malaysia.
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Collins, Karen. "A comprehensive study of stress on individuals in middle- management positions in public accounting." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53680.
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Accounting is generally regarded as a stressful occupation. Research suggests that the most stressful positions in a public accounting firm are those of middle management. Given the pivotal role these individuals play in the accounting firm, it is important to gain an understanding of the stressors they encounter and the consequences of those stressors, as well as any possible moderating effects of personal characteristics.
This study of stress in public accounting was conducted to address the following research questions: What environmental factors (both work-related and home-related) contribute to stress at the middle-management level in public accounting? What are the consequences of this stress? Are the consequences of stress modified by the personal characteristics of the individual?
Data for the study were collected through questionnaires mailed to a national sample of certified public accountants. The sample consisted of two groups—1,593 individuals presently employed in public accounting positions, and 340 individuals who were employed in public accounting firms but have recently switched to nonpublic accounting jobs. Of the 1,933 individuals sampled, approximately 1,200 (62%) responded.
The results of the study suggest that middle-management level public accountants are most stressed by home-related factors (conflict with leisure and conflict with family roles) as well as work-related factors (time pressure and quantitative overload). This stress is associated with several negative outcomes—job-related tension, job dissatisfaction, propensity to leave public accounting, and turnover. Gender and personality type are important moderators of the relationships between the stressors and stress outcomes.Ph. D.
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Spring, Jacob Edward Eugene. "The Role of Fair Value Accounting in Bank Failures: 2001-2010." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/28.
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Over the Past two and a half years banks have failed at the fastest pace since the Great Depression. These rapidly mounting bank failures have rekindled a debate surrounding the use of fair value accounting, with many arguing that fair value has exacerbated the severity of the recent financial crisis through asset devaluation and the forced sale of assets in an effort to meet capital requirements. This paper seeks to test if an entity’s exposure to fair value which includes assets available-for-sale, trading assets, and loans held-for-sale as a percent of total assets increases the probability of bank failure through testing different prediction models of bank failure that use ratios generated from publicly available Call Report data. Two models are generated from these ratios, one to determine the significance of an entity’s fair value exposure in predicting risk of failure, and the other to determine if a better model can be generated in the absence of the Fair Value Exposure/Total Assets ratio. The first model shows that Fair Value Exposure/Total Assets is a statistically significant ratio, and that the model employing Fair Value Exposure/Total Assets has greater bank failure predictive power than the second model that excludes this ratio. Contrary to expectations, the study determines that greater fair value exposure actually decreases a bank’s risk of failure, rather than increases it. A number of possibilities as to why this may be are presented in the conclusion of the paper.
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Vilakazi, Siyakhula. "A case study on the challenges faced by municipalities in implementing the new Generally Recognised Accounting Practices standards." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95687.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Section 216 (1)(a) of the South African constitution of 1996, as amended, requires financial reporting of municipalities and municipal entities to be aligned with the GRAP (all three spheres of government are required to comply). The Municipal Finance Management Act No. 56 of 2003 (MFMA) also requires this principle. The main objective of this principle is to ensure the transparency and consistency of financial reporting in the public sector. The objective of the public Finance Management Act, Act 1 of 1999 (PFMA), as amended, is to improve the components of financial management and financial administration in government reforms since 1994, giving recognition to the need to improve the value for money that the public sector provides to the citizens of South Africa. Government is increasing its interest in measuring and reporting on programme performance. The ability to obtain maximum benefit from increasingly limited resources can be enhanced by an understanding of the results of the programmes for which budget resources have been expended. The objective of government is to provide services, in contrast to the objective of private sector organisations, which is to earn profits and enhance return on investment, both of which are monetary objectives. The report on programme performance measures is not only an appropriate reporting statement, but is likely to be the most important statement for those persons interested in how the government entity is using the resources. (The Southern African Institute of Government Auditors, 2010) The introduction of such reports is considered to be an urgent priority for accountability purposes. The “appropriation accounts” that were previously prepared on a cash basis of accounting focused on inputs side only. It did not measure the resources consumed during the period under review, thus the actual cost of programmes is not measured, controlled or reported. In the absence of accurate cost information, performance measures of efficiency and cost-effectiveness cannot be readily determined other than by performing expensive ad-hoc studies. In contrast, the accrual accounting basis of accounting more readily provides the true cost of resources consumed. The introduction of GRAP on an accrual basis of accounting is therefore an urgent priority (The Southern African Institute of Government Auditors, 2010). In 2002, the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) was established. The main objective of the ASB was to develop the standards of GRAP. The GRAP standards are in line with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), which are in turn in line with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The transformation from the IMFO and GAMAP accounting frameworks to GRAP is a very challenging task. This research report is an exploratory study to highlight challenges faced by municipalities when implementing GRAP standards. The main challenges faced in the implementation of the GRAP standards include the following: • The identification, classification, and measurement of property, plant and equipment in line with GRAP 17 requirements; • Complex standards that require accounting technical expertise which include the following: o IFRS 9: financial instruments; o GRAP 9: revenue from exchange transactions; o GRAP 17: property, plant and equipment; • Existing staff lacking necessary knowledge and skills to implement GRAP standards; • Amending accounting policies and procedures to be in line with GRAP standards and where amended, difficulty in accounting for changes in accounting policies; and • The actual preparation of financial statements. Despite these challenges, the benefits of GRAP standards, which are on accrual accounting basis, include those listed below. • An assessment can be made of the stewardship or accountability of management. • The true cost of goods and services rendered can be determined. • An assessment can be made of the levels of borrowings and other liabilities, as well as an extent of the guarantees provided by the government. The author seeks to determine the challenges faced by municipalities when implementing GRAP standards. Once these challenges have been determined, recommendations on how to overcome the challenges will be made.
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Anderson, Crystal. "The Effect of Mandatory Adoption of IFRS on Transparency for Investors." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1946.
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This paper examines the effect of the mandatory adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on transparency for investors by measuring the increase in earnings management during the post-adoption period of IFRS. One sign of earnings management is current year earnings being only slightly higher than the previous year’s earnings. An increase in earnings management means a decrease in accounting quality and a decrease of transparency for investors. By comparing firms that mandatorily adopted IFRS to similar benchmark firms in terms of strength of legal enforcement, book-to-market ratios, market values and net incomes, I am able to run empirical regressions examining variables of growth, equity issuance, leverage, debt issuance, turnover, size, cash flow, and time period in order to determine the effect of the adoption on IFRS on earnings growth. After looking at 516 firms from 20 countries for the years of 2002-2007, I conclude that IFRS is decreasing financial reporting quality and decreasing transparency for the investing public, and therefore is not accomplishing its goal of bringing efficiency, accountability, and transparency to global financial markets.
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Perkins, Alexander H. "Accounting Conservatism and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/711.
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This paper examines the relationship between the accounting conservatism construct and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Prior research has explored the link between accounting quality and bankruptcy prediction, but it has not examined the relationship between accounting conservatism and bankruptcy prediction. This study hypothesizes that the inclusion of conservatism metrics in the bankruptcy hazard model estimation process should have an incremental effect on the predictive ability of bankruptcy hazard models. This paper finds that the inclusion of conservatism metrics does enhance the predictive power of bankruptcy hazard models for certain subgroups of a population partitioned on the basis of accounting conservatism metrics.
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Jodwana, Thembinkosi Anthony Vincent. "Corporate governance for sustainable development : implications for non-executive directors and the management accounting function." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/807.
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This paper will discuss the role that corporate governance can play in promoting sustainable development. Sustainable development is discussed in relation to three things: • Current development which does not result in the damage and destruction of the environment to the detriment of future inhabitants of this planet. This paper will discuss the role that corporate governance can play in promoting sustainable development. Sustainable development is discussed in relation to three things: • Current development which does not result in the damage and destruction of the environment to the detriment of future inhabitants of this planet.
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Idris, Mohammed Ibrahim. "The impact of ownership structure and external audit on accruals and real activities earnings management in Jordan." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2331/.
Full textAbstract:
Agency theory predicts that ownership structure monitoring mechanisms can effectively align the interests of managers with those of the shareholders. In additions, it views external audit as a function that lends credibility to the information disclosed in financial reports. Prior research sustains these predictions in developed markets such as in the US. However, institutional settings such as ownership structure and regulatory oversight bodies differ around the world and accordingly, the sustainability of agency theory predictions might also differ. Further, little research differentiates between accruals and real activities earnings management in contexts such as the Jordanian where ownership is concentrated, investors’ protection is weak and capital market is still evolving. Therefore, this study addresses these issues and investigates the validity of agency theory predictions concerning the effectiveness of ownership structure and external audit monitoring mechanisms in mitigating both accruals and real activities earnings management in Jordan. In this study, four measures of earnings management are estimated through the models of Kothari et al. (2005) and Roychowdhury (2006). Magnitudes of abnormal accruals are obtained from the former model and magnitudes of abnormal cash flow from operating activities, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses are obtained from the latter model. As a result, four empirical models are constructed in which the estimated earnings management measures represent the dependent variables. Independent variables in each empirical model are the same and are classified into three categories: first, ownership structure variables include ownership concentration, controlling shareholders, institutional ownership and foreign ownership. The second category includes external audit quality measured by auditor size. Third, a set of control variables include board size, leverage, growth and firm size. These models are tested using the population of all manufacturing firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange over the period 2005 – 2008. The results reveal that controlling shareholders appear effective in constraining accruals manipulations, sales manipulations and production costs manipulations. As for manipulations in discretionary expenses, the results show that only high levels of institutional ownership can effectively deter abnormal discretionary expenses. Moreover, contrary to the popular convention, the results suggest that non-big 5 auditors in Jordan who in fact mitigate abnormal accruals not big 5 auditors. Finally, no evidence is found supportive of the substitutive effect. That is, firms that are prevented from managing their earnings through accruals due to the enhanced scrutiny of non-big 5 auditors, do not resort to sales manipulations, production costs manipulations or discretionary expenses manipulations as substitutes to achieve desired levels of reported earnings. Given these findings, the present study provides understanding and extension for agency theory literature that focuses on earnings management in general and in emerging markets in particular. It highlights challenges to applicability of agency theory in emerging markets where corporate governance mechanisms are supposed to mitigate the practice of earnings management. As such, these findings could be helpful to investors and other stakeholders in making rational contractual decisions, especially when such decisions involve non-owner-controlled firms. Finally, Amman Stock Exchange could impose the corporate governance codes that actively promote internal corporate governance mechanisms to restrain accruals and real activities earnings management.