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Ollivier, Timothée, and Pierre-Noël Giraud. "Assessing sustainability, a comprehensive wealth accounting prospect: An application to Mozambique." Ecological Economics 70, no. 3 (January 2011): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.028.
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Siueia, TitoTomas, and Wang Jianling. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME SMOOTHING AND CONDITIONAL ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MOZAMBIQUE." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 1562–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/5216.
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Jones, Sam. "The economic contribution of tourism in Mozambique: Insights from a Social Accounting Matrix." Development Southern Africa 27, no. 5 (December 2010): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2010.522831.
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John, Anna V., and Malcolm P. Brady. "Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward South African consumables in Mozambique." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 2, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20400701111110786.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: to validate the consumer ethnocentrism tendencies (CET) scale in Mozambique and to describe the profile of CET in that country; to describe the effects of consumer ethnocentrism through the moderator of product type; and to discuss implications of Mozambican consumer ethnocentrism and its effects and make recommendations for practitioners.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire‐based survey was carried out to collect data from 448 consumers in Southern Mozambique. The data were analyzed by using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe CET scale has satisfactory psychometric qualities and can be used as a two‐dimensional construct in Mozambique. Mozambican consumers were found to be moderately ethnocentric. Their ethnocentric tendencies underpinned negative attitudes toward South African consumables. The study demonstrates the moderating role of product type and concludes that importers of South African agricultural consumables into Mozambique are more susceptible to the effects of consumer ethnocentrism than are importers of processed goods.Research limitations/implicationsThe results cannot be generalized to countries and products which were not included into this study. The conclusions about the CET effects are valid only for the southern part of the country where the survey took place.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest that South African marketing managers should pay closer attention to the competitiveness of agricultural consumables in Mozambique. By contrast, processed consumables from South Africa represent a lower risk. As the employment issue plays a central role in Mozambican consumer ethnocentric tendencies, the national policy makers might incorporate it into the messages of buy‐local campaigns. In addition, the buy local campaigns should position growing national industry as a future large employer in the country. The national suppliers of agricultural consumables are at less risk. On the contrary, national producers of processed consumables are at a disadvantage because ethnocentricity does not result in strong support of these products. Advertising messages with patriotic appeals may be ineffective. Thus, instead of country of origin, other extrinsic cues (e.g. brand, package and price) may be used to enhance competitiveness on the national market.Social implicationsMozambican consumers are moderately ethnocentric. Consumer ethnocentricity and its effects in Mozambique are shaped by pragmatic motives originating from socio‐economic pressures such as the under‐development of the national production sector and high unemployment in the country.Originality/valueThe paper will be of interest to practitioners, e.g. foreign companies, exporters and Mozambican policy makers and producers. The findings suggest that foreign companies should not be overly cautious about selling their products in Mozambique because, being moderately ethnocentric, Mozambican consumers are open to purchasing foreign imports where there is good reason, for example, when locally made products are unavailable.
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Green, Miriam, and Tom Burns. "Programme Aid Partners in Mozambique: a textual analysis." Social Responsibility Journal 2, no. 1 (January 2006): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045823.
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Jeuland, Marc, Marcelino Lucas, John Clemens, and Dale Whittington. "A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Cholera Vaccination Programs in Beira, Mozambique." World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 235–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhp006.
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Barros, C. P., Mike G. Tsionas, Peter Wanke, and Md Abul Kalam Azad. "Efficiency in banking of developing countries with the same cultural background." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 638–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2017-0107.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the bank efficiency in three developing countries, namely Angola, Brazil and Mozambique, aiming to infer differences given that they belong to the same cultural tradition. The underlying idea is to control for the cultural background, thus allowing the discussion on how different socio-economic and historical variables maybe impacting different levels of banking efficiency and returns to scale results within the ambit of these three countries.Design/methodology/approachDue to the presence of latent inefficiency, the authors have to modify the technique to accommodate simulation by importance sampling; therefore, in effect, the authors use a local maximum simulated likelihood approach.FindingsThe results reveal that Brazil has the highest level of output-oriented efficiency, followed by Angola and then Mozambique. The same ranking is observed in returns to scale, except thatvis-à-vistechnical change, Brazil and Angola rank first. Finally, inefficiency derived from technical change is highest in Mozambique, followed by Angola and then Brazil. Therefore, these results reveal that the countries with the highest degree of development are higher in efficiency.Originality/valuePrevious studies have identified factors such as legal tradition, accounting conventions, regulatory structures, property rights, culture and religion as possible explanations for cross-border variations in financial development and economic growth. This is the first time banking efficiency is assessed in light of a common cultural background by selecting a group of countries that share the same language and colonial past. Since results are controlled for the same background, it is possible to affirm that the findings are purely related to scale size and economic/political background issues of each country.
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Peiris, Shanaka J., and Magnus Saxegaard. "An Estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model for Monetary Policy Analysis in Mozambique." IMF Staff Papers 57, no. 1 (September 29, 2009): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/imfsp.2009.26.
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April, Wilfred Isak. "Promoting informal businesses in Africa: insights from an entrepreneurial journey in Mafalala: Mozambique." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 25, no. 3 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2020.10031234.
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April, Wilfred Isak. "Promoting informal businesses in Africa: insights from an entrepreneurial journey in Mafalala: Mozambique." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 25, no. 3 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2020.109025.
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Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, Angela Oyo-Ita, Artur Manuel Muloliwa, Richard B. Yapi, Christian Auer, Mamadou Samba, Suzanne Gajewski, et al. "Does an innovative paper-based health information system (PHISICC) improve data quality and use in primary healthcare? Protocol of a multicountry, cluster randomised controlled trial in sub-Saharan African rural settings." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e051823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051823.
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IntroductionFront-line health workers in remote health facilities are the first contact of the formal health sector and are confronted with life-saving decisions. Health information systems (HIS) support the collection and use of health related data. However, HIS focus on reporting and are unfit to support decisions. Since data tools are paper-based in most primary healthcare settings, we have produced an innovative Paper-based Health Information System in Comprehensive Care (PHISICC) using a human-centred design approach. We are carrying out a cluster randomised controlled trial in three African countries to assess the effects of PHISICC compared with the current systems.Methods and analysisStudy areas are in rural zones of Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria. Seventy health facilities in each country have been randomly allocated to using PHISICC tools or to continuing to use the regular HIS tools. We have randomly selected households in the catchment areas of each health facility to collect outcomes’ data (household surveys have been carried out in two of the three countries and the end-line data collection is planned for mid-2021). Primary outcomes include data quality and use, coverage of health services and health workers satisfaction; secondary outcomes are additional data quality and use parameters, childhood mortality and additional health workers and clients experience with the system. Just prior to the implementation of the trial, we had to relocate the study site in Mozambique due to unforeseen logistical issues. The effects of the intervention will be estimated using regression models and accounting for clustering using random effects.Ethics and disseminationEthics committees in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria approved the trials. We plan to disseminate our findings, data and research materials among researchers and policy-makers. We aim at having our findings included in systematic reviews on health systems interventions and future guidance development on HIS.Trial registration numberPACTR201904664660639; Pre-results.
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Ussivane, Armando Machevo, and Paul Ellwood. "Action learning in the service of food security and poverty alleviation in Mozambique." Action Learning: Research and Practice 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767333.2020.1712849.
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Oya, Carlos, and John Sender. "Divorced, Separated, and Widowed Women Workers in Rural Mozambique." Feminist Economics 15, no. 2 (April 2009): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545700902729516.
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Scott, Zoe, Kelly Wooster, Roger Few, Anne Thomson, and Marcela Tarazona. "Monitoring and evaluating disaster risk management capacity." Disaster Prevention and Management 25, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on improving the monitoring and evaluation of DRM capacity development initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first explores the complexities and challenges presented in the literature, before using empirical data from a research project in six countries (Ethiopia, Pakistan, Myanmar, Philippines, Haiti and Mozambique) to discuss current approaches to M & E of DRM capacity strengthening interventions. Findings – This is generally an area of technical weakness in the initiatives studied, with poor understanding of terminology, little attention to outcomes or impact and few independent evaluations. The need for greater inclusion of participants in M & E processes is identified and one programme from the fieldwork in Mozambique is presented as a case study example. Originality/value – The paper ends by presenting a unique M & E framework developed for use by DRM programmes to track the outcomes of their interventions and ultimately raise standards in this area.
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Chen, Ziwei, Adriana Dornelles, Di Fang, and Jeffrey R. Wilson. "Impacts on knowledge and testing on HIV in waves of Mozambique surveys with Bayes estimates." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0244563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244563.
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Background It is well known that it is more reliable to investigate the effects of several covariates simultaneously rather than one at time. Similarly, it is more informative to model responses simultaneously, as more often than not, the multiple responses from the same subject are correlated. This is particularly true in the analysis of Mozambique survey data from 2009 and 2018. Method A multiple response predictive model for testing positive for HIV and having sufficient HIV knowledge is modeled to 2009 and 2018 survey data with the use of Bayes estimates. These data are obtained through a hierarchical data structure. The model allows one to address the change in the response to HIV, as it relates to morbidity and to HIV knowledge in Mozambique in the fight against the disease in the last decade. Results A more affluent resident is more likely to test positive, more likely to be more knowledgeable about the disease. Whereas, individuals practicing the Islam faith are less likely to test positive but also less likely to be knowledgeable about the disease. Education, while still a factor, has declined in its impact on testing positive for HIV or being knowledgeable about HIV. Females are more likely to test positive but more likely to be knowledgeable about the disease than men. The rate of impact of affluence on knowledge has increased in the past decade. Marital status (cohabitating or married) showed no impact on the knowledge of the disease. Age had no impact on knowledge suggesting that the message is getting to resident. Conclusions A joint Bayes modeling of correlated binary (testing positive and knowledge about the disease) responses, while accounting for the hierarchy of the data collection, presents an opportunity to extract the extra variation before allocating the variation on the responses as the due of the covariates. The fight against HIV in Mozambique seems to be succeeding. Some knowledge is common among all ages, and Islam religion has a positive effect. While education still shows an influence on the binary responses, it has declined over the last decade.
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Machava-António, Vilma, Salomão O. Bandeira, Célia C. Macamo, and Rosalina Mahanzule. "Value chain analysis of mangrove forests in central Mozambique: Uses, stakeholders and income." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 1 (October 29, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i1.1.
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This study aims at documenting the value chain derived from mangrove forests in selected sites in central Mozambique (Zambezi Delta, Nhangau and Chiveve River), through the identification of the services delivered by mangrove forests and assessment of stakeholder’s engagement within the value chain. Furthermore, this work evaluates the income pathways as well as the current and potential benefits of different stakeholders and the socio-economic sustainability of mangroves in the three regions. Zambezi Delta is one of largest mangrove swamps in Africa and Chiveve is located in Beira City, impacted by Cyclone Idai in 2019. The main benefits obtained by the communities both in the Zambezi Delta and Nhangau were derived from commercially important wood extraction and honey production for domestic use. Within the Zambezi Delta, profit for small mangrove poles accrued at the wholesale level (82.6%), while that for large poles accrued to harvesters (125.0%), after a small initial direct investment. At Nhangau, small poles fetched profits of 17%, medium poles 11.5%, and large poles 24%; for charcoal, the greatest portion of profits went to retailers at 50%. Men were mostly involved in mangrove wood harvesting for commercial purposes, while women collected firewood mainly for domestic use. At the Chiveve, the community benefited predominantly from non-extractable services such as flooding control, water purification, nursery grounds for fisheries and aesthetic beauty. It is suggested that Mozambique mangrove forests are valued at USD 2 400 per hectare per year. This monetary accounting can be used to inform decision making on mangrove management and to improve the performance of the value chain and the wellbeing of local communities.
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Cumbe, Luís Leonardo, and Helena Inácio. "The impact of external audit on the accountability of the common fund of the Mozambique National Institute of Statistics." Managerial Auditing Journal 33, no. 6/7 (June 4, 2018): 538–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-01-2017-1500.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of external audit on the management of the Common Fund of the Mozambique National Institute of Statistics (INE).Design/methodology/approachThis paper followed a case study approach of the INE Common Fund that was based on the qualitative evidence from the content analysis of the external audit reports, annual plans of activities and budget for the past seven years and interviews with middle managers of the INE.FindingsThe research found that external audit has a relatively significant impact on the management of the INE Common Fund. The authors attribute the positive impact to the high concern of management to implement the external audit recommendations, associated with the financial dependence between the agent (the National Institute of Statistics) and the principal (Fund Donors), explained through Laughlin’s Model of Accountability.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that external audit associated with the financial dependence of the agent on the principal has a significant impact on the accountability. Thus, it contributes to assist in the formulation of public policies on external financing to developing countries.Originality/valueMost of the studies on external audit and accountability are from countries with more developed economies than Mozambique’s, without heavy reliance on external financing, and these studies analyse the audits carried out by public audit institutions. This research explores the phenomenon in the context of external financing to the State Budget by governments and international organisations.
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Makanga, Prestige Tatenda, Charfudin Sacoor, Nadine Schuurman, Tang Lee, Faustino Carlos Vilanculo, Khatia Munguambe, Helena Boene, et al. "Place-specific factors associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Southern Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024042.
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ObjectivesTo identify and measure the place-specific determinants that are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in the southern region of Mozambique.DesignRetrospective cohort study. Choice of variables informed by literature and Delphi consensus.SettingStudy conducted during the baseline phase of a community level intervention for pre-eclampsia that was led by community health workers.ParticipantsA household census identified 50 493 households that were home to 80 483 women of reproductive age (age 12–49 years). Of these women, 14 617 had been pregnant in the 12 months prior to the census, of which 9172 (61.6%) had completed their pregnancies.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA combined fetal, maternal and neonatal outcome was calculated for all women with completed pregnancies.ResultsA total of six variables were statistically significant (p≤0.05) in explaining the combined outcome. These included: geographic isolation, flood proneness, access to an improved latrine, average age of reproductive age woman, family support and fertility rates. The performance of the ordinary least squares model was an adjusted R2=0.69. Three of the variables (isolation, latrine score and family support) showed significant geographic variability in their effect on rates of adverse outcome. Accounting for this modest non-stationary effect through geographically weighted regression increased the adjusted R2 to 0.71.ConclusionsThe community exploration was successful in identifying context-specific determinants of maternal health. The results highlight the need for designing targeted interventions that address the place-specific social determinants of maternal health in the study area. The geographic process of identifying and measuring these determinants, therefore, has implications for multisectoral collaboration.Trial registration numberNCT01911494.
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Tomas Siueia, Tito, and Jianling Wang. "La asociación entre las Actividades de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y la calidad de los ingresos: Evidencia de la industria extractiva." Revista de Contabilidad 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rc-sar.22.1.354361.
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Building on the ethical theory to solve the research questions, we examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Earnings Quality (EQ). Using 368 firm-year observations covering the 2010-2017 period. In so doing, we applied content analysis to assess the CSRD dimensions, and we applied discretionary accruals as a proxy of EQ activity. Based on panel data regression, we find a significant and negative relationship between CSRD and EQ in Mozambican extractive industry. Empirical evidence also shows that the influence of positive CSRD indicator (CSRD strengths scores) is much stronger than that negative CSRD indicator (CSRD concerns scores) in reducing earnings quality. These findings are consistent with the idea that the opportunistic managers use CSRD to reach their particular interest, suggesting that the managers are using CSRD as a strategic device to engage in earnings management (poorer earnings quality). The results are robust to alternative proxy measures of CSRD and earnings quality. Con base en la teoría ética para resolver las cuestiones de investigación, examinamos la relación entre Divulgación de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (CSRD) y la Calidad de los Ingresos (EQ). Usando 368 observaciones de año base cubriendo el período 2010-2017. Al hacer esto, aplicamos el análisis de contenido para evaluar las dimensiones de la CSRD y aplicamos acrecimientos discrecionales como proxy de la actividad de EQ. Con base en la regresión de datos en panel, encontramos una relación significativa y negativa entre el CSRD y el EQ en la industria extractiva de Mozambique. La evidencia empírica también muestra que la influencia del indicador positivo de CSRD (puntuaciones de fuerza CSRD) es mucho más fuerte que el indicador negativo de CSRD (CSRD se refiere a las puntuaciones) en la reducción de la calidad de ingresos. Estas constataciones son consistentes con la idea de que los gerentes oportunistas utilizan la actividad de RSCD para alcanzar su interés particular, sugiriendo que los gerentes están usando el CSRD como un dispositivo estratégico para involucrarse en la gestión de resultados (peor EQ). Los resultados son robustos a medidas alternativas de proxy del CSRD y la EQ. Industria extractiva.
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Figueiredo, M. O., T. Pereira da Silva, J. P. Veiga, C. Leal Gomes, and V. De Andrade. "The blue colouring of beryls from Licungo, Mozambique: an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study at the iron K-edge." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.175.
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AbstractThe colours of natural and synthetic beryl (ideally Be3Al2Si6O18) have been attributed either tothe presence of chromophore ions partially replacing Al and/or Be (Cr3+, Fe2+/3+, Mn2+) or to the occurrence of colour centres related to the presence of multi-atomic groups. However, no full explanation has been proposed for the blue colour in natural beryl gemstones (aquamarine) despite it being well established that bluish-green synthetic aquamarines containing Fe turn blue when heated for 1 h at 400°C.A X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) study at the Fe K-edge was performed on blue beryl crystals from Licungo pegmatite (Mozambique) to ascertain the speciation state of this colouring element, reported in blue sapphire (ideally Al2O3) as a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in octahedral coordination. The general trend of the spectra is the same when synchrotron radiation (SR) impinges along the c axis of the hexagonal crystal, as well as along the a axis with c vertical. Conversely, a shoulder in the absorption edge is noticed when the incident beam is perpendicular to c, with this axis horizontal in the polarization plane of the SR beam, a reverse in the relative intensities of the two post-edge features is simultaneously observed. Pre-edge features accounting for Fe speciation (valence plus coordination) are identical in all three situations. Considering previous approaches which account for polarization, an explanation is suggested for the special effects observed on the Fe K-edge XANES spectra of analysed blue beryl crystals. Ideas on the origin of the blue colour of this mineral are also presented.
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De Avillez, Maria Margarida, Andrew Greenman, and Susan Marlow. "Ethical Judgments About Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Influence of Spatio-Cultural Meanings." Journal of Business Ethics 161, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04344-z.
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Abstract Within this paper, we adopt a qualitative process approach to explore how ethical judgments are influenced by spatio-cultural meanings applied to social entrepreneurship in the context of Mozambique. We analyse how such ethical judgments emerged using data gathered over a 4 year period in Maputo. Our findings illustrate three modes used to inform ethical judgments: embracing, rejecting and integrating. These describe how ethical judgments transpire as participants evaluate social entrepreneurship drawing upon related global normative meanings and those embedded within the local context. This analysis offers a critical contribution regarding how ethical judgments regarding social entrepreneurship evolve from negotiation and interaction within a context of multiple spatio-cultural meanings.
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Machanguana, Constâncio A., and Idalina Dias Sardinha. "Exploring mining multinational resettlements and corporate social responsibility in emerging economies: the case of the company VALE, SA in Mozambique." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 12, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-11-2019-0414.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the scientific and societal debates about the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and particularly on the resettlements’ processes as part of extractive multinational companies (MNCs)’s commitments where the host country is an emerging extractive economy. Design/methodology/approach It is an exploratory study based on the analysis of secondary data, few interviews and on-site observation and deals with the description of the assessment of VALE, SA resettlement processes and assumed CSR practices of VALE, SA, an MNC operating in the Moatize district, Tete province in Mozambique. Findings The MNC assumes resettlement processes to be part of the CSR arena and reveals that VALE, SA follows a reactive poor approach as to CSR. The weak institutional context in Mozambique is like others described in the literature. The empirical data together with the sense of an ethical responsibility approach associated with resettlement processes and the paradigm shift in aid for trade as to development supported by the MNC’s CSR leads to the conclusion that resettlement can be considered part of the CSR of a mining MNC. Research limitations/implications The difficult access to key informants of the resettled communities, local government and little interest in interview participation by VALE, SA, showed a current lack of confidence and communication limitations by the company as to this issue. Practical implications The failure of VALE, SA and other mining companies to meet their resettlement responsibilities and the inability of government supervision, requires local and national, as well as social and scientific communication processes and debate on this issue to be maintained on an ongoing basis during the mining life cycle to guaranty accomplishments of CSR. Social implications The controversy over whether mining MNCs will benefit Africa’s emerging economies as to their socio-economic development will continue until MNCs commit themselves and act to be economically, legally and ethically responsible for contributing to the sustainable development of the countries where they operate. Originality/value This paper contributes to the debate on whether CSR frames the resettlement process based on literature review and key stakeholder views.
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Lamont, Tarron, Raymond Barlow, and Robert Brewin. "Variations in Remotely-Sensed Phytoplankton Size Structure of a Cyclonic Eddy in the Southwest Indian Ocean." Remote Sensing 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10071143.
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Phytoplankton size classes were derived from weekly-averaged MODIS Aqua chlorophyll a data over the southwest Indian Ocean in order to assess changes in surface phytoplankton community structure within a cyclonic eddy as it propagated across the Mozambique Basin in 2013. Satellite altimetry was used to identify and track the southwesterly movement of the eddy from its origin off Madagascar in mid-June until mid-October, when it eventually merged with the Agulhas Current along the east coast of South Africa. Nano- and picophytoplankton comprised most of the community in the early phase of the eddy development in June, but nanophytoplankton then dominated in austral winter (July and August). Microphytoplankton was entrained into the eddy by horizontal advection from the southern Madagascar shelf, increasing the proportion of microphytoplankton to 23% when the chlorophyll a levels reached a peak of 0.36 mg·m−3 in the third week of July. Chlorophyll a levels declined to <0.2 mg·m−3 in austral spring (September and October) as the eddy propagated further to the southwest. Picophytoplankton dominated the community during the spring period, accounting for >50% of the population. As far as is known, this is the first study to investigate temporal changes in chlorophyll a and community structure in a cyclonic eddy propagating across an ocean basin in the southwest Indian Ocean.
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Escaramís, Geòrgia, Josep L. Carrasco, John J. Aponte, Delino Nhalungo, Ariel Nhacolo, Pedro Alonso, and Carlos Ascaso. "Spatio-temporal analysis of mortality among children under the age of five in Manhiça (Mozambique) during the period 1997-2005." International Journal of Health Geographics 10, no. 1 (2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-10-14.
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Sanchez, Samuel. "Complex Strands: Changing Textile Trades in Western Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel in the Nineteenth Century, Evidence from Nosy Be Island." Textile History 48, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00404969.2017.1294817.
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Onofri, Laura, and Mario Volpe. "Pricing agricultural inputs from biodiversity-rich ecosystems and habitats without input markets." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2018-0287.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the analysis of an understudied problem in the economic literature. It proposes a valuation methodology for inputs that come from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats and are used in agro-food production at zero input cost because there is not a market for such inputs. Design/methodology/approach Following Onofri et al. (2017), the authors computed the value of the marginal productivity of different inputs in three selected case studies (Angola, Mozambique and Brazil). Results are theory based and rigorous but show a strong contingency, case based, relative dimension that is captured, in the framework, by the “relativity ratio.” The ratio expresses the relative weight of the value generated by the input that comes from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats in the per capita monthly available income of the farmer and aims at conveying additional insights to the economic valuation. Findings In this paper, the assessment of agricultural inputs value (price) in the absence of inputs markets is done, with an application to three different case studies. The inputs are peculiar since they come from habitats and ecosystems that are very biodiversity-rich. Originality/value The paper proposes a practical, though rigorous, methodology for the assessment of the value (price) of agricultural inputs in absence of inputs markets. Markets do not exist since the inputs come from biodiversity-rich habitats and ecosystems.
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A. Asongu, Simplice. "Linkages between investment flows and financial development." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 269–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-05-2012-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce previously missing financial components (efficiency, activity and size) in the assessment of the finance-investment nexus. Design/methodology/approach – Vector autoregressive models in the perspectives of Vector Error Correction Model and short-run Granger causality are employed. There is usage of optimally specified econometric methods as opposed to purely discretionary model specifications in mainstream literature. Findings – Three main findings are established: first, while finance led investment elasticities are positive, investment elasticities of finance are negative; second, but for Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Togo, finance does not seem to engender portfolio investment; and finally, contrary to mainstream literature, financial efficiency appears to impact investment more than financial depth. Practical implications – Four policy implications result: first, extreme caution is needed in the use of single equation analysis for economic forecasts; second, financial development leads more to investment flows than the other way round; third, financial allocation efficiency is more relevant as means to attracting investment flows than financial depth; and finally, the somewhat heterogeneous character of the findings also point to shortcomings in blanket policies that are not contingent on country-specific trends in the finance-investment nexus. Originality/value – First, contrary to the mainstream approach we use four measures of financial intermediary development (depth, efficiency, activity and size) as well as four types of investment flows (domestic, foreign, portfolio and total). Second, the chosen investment and financial indicators are derived upon preliminary robust correlation analyses from the broadest macroeconomic data set available on investment and financial intermediary flows.
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Sparreboom, Theo. "Structural change, employment and education in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-04-2016-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between advances in educational attainment on the one hand, and structural change in employment on the other, in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for selected periods. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a decomposition of changes in education intensity, which is complemented by an analysis of rates of return to education. For all countries the analysis is based on labour market microdata from nationally representative household surveys, and on economic data from national accounts. Findings It is demonstrated that if countries want to exploit structural change, levels of education need to rise. Low levels of education explain why the increase in educational attainment in Tanzania was barely sufficient to keep up with structural change in this country, and Mozambique would have been in the same situation if structural change would have occurred. In Ghana and Namibia, levels of educational attainment are much higher, and the paper demonstrates how education was used differently to accommodate structural change in these countries. Rates of return to education in all four countries appear consistent with patterns of education intensity. Research limitations/implications The analysis demonstrates that labour market monitoring should not be limited to (broad) sectoral aggregates. The analysis of more detailed breakdowns of employment is needed to gain insights into economies and labour markets of countries, including with regard to the role of education. Originality/value The paper is original in that an identical methodology is used in four African countries to decompose changes in education intensity, to relate these changes to employment patterns and to calculate rates of return to education. Although such work has been undertaken in individual countries, it is rarely done in a comparative way.
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Olamide, Ebenezer Gbenga, and Andrew Maredza. "A dynamic regression panel approach to the determinants of monetary policy and economic growth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2018-0302.
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Purpose Empirically, the purpose of this paper is to investigate policy variables that determine monetary policy and economic growth of some selected countries within the economic bloc of Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). The selected countries are Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Annual time series data for a panel of 11 Southern African countries spanning 1980–2015 were employed in the study. The major instrument of estimation is the dynamic regression panel model. In order to conform to econometric principles, robustness checks were carried out on the variables of interest so as to avoid spurious results. An estimation of impulse response and variance decomposition analyses were to complement the approach to the study. Findings The result of the long-run dynamic panel regression reveals that GDP growth rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, money supply and oil and commodity prices do have profound impact on monetary policy within SADC. It was further revealed from the study that commodity price shock is the major exogenous determinant of monetary policy dynamics and the effect is transmitted via exchange rate channel to macroeconomics of the region; with inflation rate and money supply playing a major role in the transmission mechanism as it affects the economies of the countries in this region. Practical implications The policy implication is that inflation is seen as a major challenge to the countries under review. Among other things, a hybrid of inflation and monetary targeting should be adopted to complement each other as policy combination within the region. Originality/value The study accounts for the determinants of monetary policy vis-à-vis growth potentials of some selected countries in SADC, using a combination of dynamic regression panel approach and SVAR elements.
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Nemakonde, Livhuwani David, and Dewald Van Niekerk. "A normative model for integrating organisations for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within SADC member states." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2017-0066.
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Purpose Research has demonstrated that governance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) have evolved largely in isolation from each other – through different conceptual and institutional frameworks, response strategies and plans, at both international, national and subnational levels. As a result, the management of disaster risk through DRR and CCA is highly fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the set of actors and their location in government that create and shape governance in DRR and CCA integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states. Design/methodology/approach The study draws upon a range of data collection techniques including a comprehensive literature review relating to DRR and CCA in general and in the SADC member states, face-to-face interviews and an online survey. A mixed method research design was applied to the study with a total of 35 respondents from Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participating in the face-to-face interviews and an online survey. Findings The analysis shows that DRR and CCA are carried out by different departments, agencies and/or ministries in all but three SADC member states, namely, Mozambique, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Participants were able to highlight the different ways in which integration should unfold. In light of this, the paper proposes a normative model to integrate government organisations for DRR and CCA within SADC member states. Originality/value The implementation of the model has the potential to accelerate the integration of organisations for DRR and CCA, with the resultant improvement in the implementation of risk reduction strategies and efficient use of resources.
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Van Niekerk, Dewald. "Disaster risk governance in Africa." Disaster Prevention and Management 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-08-2014-0168.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide a retrospective assessment of progress in disaster risk governance in Africa against the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) since 2000. This assessment of progress achieved in disaster risk governance in Africa aims to identify achievements, good practices, gaps and challenges against selected HFA indicators (in particular Priority 1). Design/methodology/approach – This study mainly followed a qualitative methodology although quantitative data were interpreted to achieve the research objectives. Available literature (scientific articles, research and technical reports) on disaster risk governance was used as primary research data. This research used a selected number of African countries as its basis for analysis (Burundi, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Swaziland and South Africa). By investigating literature on disaster risk governance an analytical framework was developed which guided the assessment of the achievements, good practices, gaps and challenges in implementing disaster risk governance on the African continent since the inception of the HFA in 2005. Findings – The research found that African countries have been making steady progress in implementing disaster risk governance against theoretical indicators. The continent contains a few international best practices which other nations can learn from. Certain gaps and challenges are, however, still hampering better progress in the reduction of disaster risks. There is the need for multi-layered ownership and understanding of disaster risks and their cross-sectoral nature, with strong community engagement. Originality/value – An assessment of progress in disaster risk governance in Africa can assist greatly in shaping future international and national policy, legislation and implementation. The research provided input to the Global Assessment Report for 2015 and identified opportunities in disaster risk governance beyond 2015.
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Dilawo, Richard Stuart, and Zahra Salimi. "Understanding TQM implementation barriers involving construction companies in a difficult environment." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, no. 7 (August 5, 2019): 1137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-05-2017-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect TQM implementation in construction companies and it suggests solutions for TQM implementation in a difficult environment. Design/methodology/approach Studies were carried out at six large construction companies who ply their trade in Southern Africa and in-depth investigations were conducted to assess TQM implementation practices and associated TQM barriers. Interviews were conducted on directors and key personnel that play important roles in TQM implementation in their respective organisations. The empirical study also utilised a number of organisational documents which added rigour to the findings. Findings This study identified three core categories and ten main barriers affecting TQM implementation in Southern Africa construction companies. The core categories are motivation, infrastructure and penchants and tendencies while the factors are lack of quality support, poor TQM knowledge and TQM awareness, poor information sharing, temporary workers, overdependence on contract document, poor data collection measurement, undefined TQM roles and responsibilities, award to lowest bidder tendency, poor business environment and corruption. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted based on companies plying their trade in Southern Africa and mostly around Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique. It does not study companies in Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, South Africa and Botswana. Practical implications TQM cannot be exported wholly from another region to a new setting without taking into consideration the local factors associated with that setting. For successful TQM implementation in construction in Southern Africa, characteristics of this region have to be known. This study illuminates a number of TQM implementation barriers associated with construction especially applied to this difficult environment. Application of this knowledge would enhance TQM and heighten competitive advantage initiatives. The proportions highlighted in this study therefore help build up the TQM implementation awareness. Social implications At society level, the findings of this study indicate societal problems such as corruption and business environment which require wide level approaches to deal with these barriers. In addition, if TQM applied in road construction projects, the quality of the roads will be improved, this in turn will have direct impact on quality of life in the society, better roads means easier access to hospitals, schools and public places, better transport and movements of goods and services, etc. It can also save money for the country in long run and economic benefits to the society. Originality/value The factors identified in this study are based on current TQM implementation practices at established construction companies in Southern Africa. They provide a practical basis for guiding TQM in construction companies operating in difficult environments.
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Benon-be-isan Nyuur, Richard, Daniel F. Ofori, and Yaw Debrah. "Corporate social responsibility in Sub-Saharan Africa: hindering and supporting factors." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2012-0002.
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Purpose – In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained recognition and importance in both business and political settings. While considerable research has been conducted on CSR in developed countries, the extant literature on CSR in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is scant and CSR is seen in terms of philanthropy. This paper aims to examine CSR from a broader perspective and in particular to identify the factors that hinder and promote CSR activities in SSA using the Smit (2009) CSR Value Chain Model. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on data obtained from a survey conducted by GTZ (now GIZ) on factors promoting and hindering CSR in SSA. The study surveyed 85 companies from six countries, namely; South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia. The study essentially examined the internal and external CSR environments of the companies in the participating countries. Findings – The study revealed that there are nine key promoting and hindering factors of CSR for businesses in SSA. These include: leadership and governance, policy framework, project management, monitoring, evaluation and reporting, stakeholder engagement, staff engagement, government, funding and beneficiation. The study recommends a systemic and context-sensitive approach that relies on the potential of organisations and communities to design and implement their own solution within global frameworks in order to further develop CSR in the region. Research limitations/implications – There are a number of limitations in this study. First, this study did not include any informants from the responding organisations’ stakeholder groups, but relied mainly on information obtained from single respondents from organisations. Further research should include responses from other stakeholder groups. Practical implications – To promote or achieve the successful implementation of CSR and broaden its scope within the region beyond its current focus on philanthropy, managers must build bridges with their stakeholders through both formal and informal dialogues and engagement practices. Additionally, firms may enhance and maximise both social and economic value created when managers link their CSR activities to areas that improve firms’ long-term competitive potential by collectively and systematically applying their distinctive strengths to such activities in accordance with the value chain model. Originality/value – The finding in this study is novel and adds an important contribution to the developing CSR literature in the SSA region.
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Di Giorgio, Laura, David K. Evans, Magnus Lindelow, Son Nam Nguyen, Jakob Svensson, Waly Wane, and Anna Welander Tärneberg. "Analysis of clinical knowledge, absenteeism and availability of resources for maternal and child health: a cross-sectional quality of care study in 10 African countries." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003377.
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ObjectiveAssess the quality of healthcare across African countries based on health providers’ clinical knowledge, their clinic attendance and drug availability, with a focus on seven conditions accounting for a large share of child and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, pneumonia, diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and postpartum haemorrhage.MethodsWith nationally representative, cross-sectional data from ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa, collected using clinical vignettes (to assess provider knowledge), unannounced visits (to assess provider absenteeism) and visual inspections of facilities (to assess availability of drugs and equipment), we assess whether health providers are available and have sufficient knowledge and means to diagnose and treat patients suffering from common conditions amenable to primary healthcare. We draw on data from 8061 primary and secondary care facilities in Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda, and 22 746 health workers including doctors, clinical officers, nurses and community health workers. Facilities were selected using a multistage cluster-sampling design to ensure data were representative of rural and urban areas, private and public facilities, and of different facility types. These data were gathered under the Service Delivery Indicators programme.ResultsAcross all conditions and countries, healthcare providers were able to correctly diagnose 64% (95% CI 62% to 65%) of the clinical vignette cases, and in 45% (95% CI 43% to 46%) of the cases, the treatment plan was aligned with the correct diagnosis. For diarrhoea and pneumonia, two common causes of under-5 deaths, 27% (95% CI 25% to 29%) of the providers correctly diagnosed and prescribed the appropriate treatment for both conditions. On average, 70% of health workers were present in the facilities to provide care during facility hours when those workers are scheduled to be on duty. Taken together, we estimate that the likelihood that a facility has at least one staff present with competency and key inputs required to provide child, neonatal and maternity care that meets minimum quality standards is 14%. On average, poor clinical knowledge is a greater constraint in care readiness than drug availability or health workers’ absenteeism in the 10 countries. However, we document substantial heterogeneity across countries in the extent to which drug availability and absenteeism matter quantitatively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need to boost the knowledge of healthcare workers to achieve greater care readiness. Training programmes have shown mixed results, so systems may need to adopt a combination of competency-based preservice and in-service training for healthcare providers (with evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the training), and hiring practices that ensure the most prepared workers enter the systems. We conclude that in settings where clinical knowledge is poor, improving drug availability or reducing health workers’ absenteeism would only modestly increase the average care readiness that meets minimum quality standards.
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Ollivier, Timothée. "Is Mozambique on a Sustainable Development Path? A Comprehensive Wealth Accounting Prospect." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1438073.
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Manhice, António C., Crizalda E. Simões, and Moreno L. Zondane. "Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles at Chiremera Locality, Vanduzi - Mozambique." Asian Journal of Biology, December 28, 2020, 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2020/v10i430116.
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Diversity of amphibians and reptiles was studied at Chiremera locality in Manica Province, Mozambique. To the best of our knowledge, no herpetofauna study has been done at the Chiremera locality. Globally the herpetofauna of Mozambique remains poorly documented compared to other areas of southern Africa [1]. The study aims to assess the diversity of amphibians and reptiles at Chiremera locality. The data was collected using two techniques: Visual Search and Intercept and pit fall traps. The data was collected in two habitat types: wild areas and human altered areas. We recorded on the wild areas 91 individual of amphibians (18 species, 10 genera and 9 families). The human altered areas had a total of 27 individual amphibians, (4 species, 4 genera and 4 families). Hemisus marmoratus (marbled snout-burrower) was the most abundant species in the two habitats, accounting for 26.3% of all individuals identified. The Shannon winner of amphibians was higher at the wild areas (H '= 2, 1) and lower in the human altered area (H' = 1, 2). A total of 24 individual reptiles were recorded on the wild areas (7 species, 7 genera and 5 families). In contrast to human altered areas we recorded (5 species, 3 Genera, and 3 families). Bitis arietans (puff adder) was the most abundant reptile accounting for 26% of all individuals identified. The Shannon wiener of reptiles was (H’=1, 6) at the wild areas and (H’=1, 5) at the human altered areas. Four rare species namely Hyperolius acuticeps (sharp-headed long reed frog), Hyperolius benguellensis (Benguella long reed frog), Ptychadena subpunctata (spotted ridged frog) all amphibians and Naja mossambica (Mozambique spitting cobra) - reptile were detected during our study. The result of the current study revealed that effect of human altered areas on the richness and abundance of amphibians and reptiles.
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Makanga, Prestige Tatenda, Nadine Schuurman, Charfudin Sacoor, Helena Edith Boene, Faustino Vilanculo, Marianne Vidler, Laura Magee, et al. "Seasonal variation in geographical access to maternal health services in regions of southern Mozambique." International Journal of Health Geographics 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0074-4.
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Makacha, Liberty, Prestige Tatenda Makanga, Yolisa Prudence Dube, Jeffrey Bone, Khátia Munguambe, Geetanjali Katageri, Sumedha Sharma, et al. "Is the closest health facility the one used in pregnancy care-seeking? A cross-sectional comparative analysis of self-reported and modelled geographical access to maternal care in Mozambique, India and Pakistan." International Journal of Health Geographics 19, no. 1 (February 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12942-020-0197-5.
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Steinert, Janina Isabel, Shaukat Khan, Khudzie Mlambo, Fiona J. Walsh, Emma Mafara, Charlotte Lejeune, Cebele Wong, et al. "A stepped-wedge randomised trial on the impact of early ART initiation on HIV-patients’ economic outcomes in Eswatini." eLife 9 (August 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.58487.
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Background:Since 2015, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive patients. Epidemiological evidence points to important health benefits of immediate ART initiation; however, the policy’s impact on the economic aspects of patients' lives remains unknown.Methods:We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial in Eswatini to determine the causal impact of immediate ART initiation on patients’ individual- and household-level economic outcomes. Fourteen healthcare facilities were non-randomly matched into pairs and then randomly allocated to transition from the standard of care (ART eligibility at CD4 counts of <350 cells/mm3 until September 2016 and <500 cells/mm3 thereafter) to the ‘Early Initiation of ART for All’ (EAAA) intervention at one of seven timepoints. Patients, healthcare personnel, and outcome assessors remained unblinded. Data were collected via standardised paper-based surveys with HIV-positive adults who were neither pregnant nor breastfeeding. Outcomes were patients’ time use, employment status, household expenditures, and household living standards.Results:A total sample of 3019 participants were interviewed over the duration of the study. The mean number of participants approached at each facility per time step varied from 4 to 112 participants. Using mixed-effects negative binomial regressions accounting for time trends and clustering at the level of the healthcare facility, we found no significant difference between study arms for any economic outcome. Specifically, the EAAA intervention had no significant effect on non-resting time use (RR = 1.00 [CI: 0.96, 1.05, p=0.93]) or income-generating time use (RR = 0.94, [CI: 0.73,1.20, p=0.61]). Employment and household expenditures decreased slightly but not significantly in the EAAA group, with risk ratios of 0.93 [CI: 0.82, 1.04, p=0.21] and 0.92 [CI: 0.79, 1.06, p=0.26], respectively. We also found no significant treatment effect on households’ asset ownership and living standards (RR = 0.96, [CI 0.92, 1.00, p=0.253]). Lastly, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in effect estimates by patients’ sex, age, education, timing of HIV diagnosis and ART initiation.Conclusions:Our findings do not provide evidence that should discourage further investments into scaling up immediate ART for all HIV patients.Funding:Funded by the Dutch Postcode Lottery in the Netherlands, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Humboldt-Stiftung), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in South Africa/Mozambique, British Columbia Centre of Excellence in Canada, Doctors Without Borders (MSF USA), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health and Joachim Herz Foundation.Clinical trial number:NCT02909218 and NCT03789448.