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Journal articles on the topic 'Accounting of payables'
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Ліхоносова, Г. С., and С. П. Богомол. "УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОБЛІКОВО-АУДИТОРСЬКИХ ПРОЦЕДУР ЩОДО ДЕБІТОРСЬКО-КРЕДИТОРСЬКОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.2.07.
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The article presents the author's opinion on the problem of non-payment, which is the main guarantee of small business. When there are receivables, there are also issues with accounts payable, as most companies do not have a planned profit for the goods, works, services provided. The purpose of the article is to identify current problems of accounting and auditing of receivables and payables, which require their practical solution. The object of the study is the receivables and payables, which were formed as a result of economic activity of the enterprise, its analysis and proposed ways to improve. The methods used in the study. The methodological basis of the study were the methods and principles of debt recognition, general and factor analysis of receivables and payables. The hypothesis of the study is the trend impact of receivables and payables on the financial condition and solvency of the enterprise. Presenting main material. Recommendations for improving the financial condition of the enterprise, for accounting and auditing of receivables and payables are offered. Originality and practical significance of the research. The study identified the need to improve the situation at the enterprise by implementing a number of measures aimed at eliminating problems with the payment of debtors who owed certain amounts of money, namely to provide discounts for early payment for products, goods, works, services, limit receivables -prepared for each debtor and maintaining a certain analytical document on creditors' relations in terms of each creditor. Conclusions. The study proves that the proposed methods of improvement are a factor that will reduce the level of receivables and payables. Based on the fact that the debtor's debt will not just decrease, but will bring some income.
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BONDARENKO, Olha, and Iryna MASIUK. "Audit methodology. Formation and write-off of receivables and payables." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.7.2.
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Introduction. The share of receivables and payables in the structure of the balance sheet has a high percentage, which certainly affects the production process as a whole. Every receivable is someone's accounts payable and vice versa. Each company faced non-payment of debts in any direction. In this article, we will consider the control over settlements with counterparties and the procedure for writing off and forming bad receivables and payables. The purpose of the paper is to study the audit process at the enterprise in the section of receivables and payables. Identify the processes of writing off bad debts. Results. The audit of accounts payable and receivable is relevant in connection with the introduction of the International Accounting Standards in the management of the enterprise, the constant change in the legal framework of Ukraine. Settlements with debtors and creditors for goods and services have a significant impact on the functional activities of the enterprise, so when the audit firm checks all the nuances of accounting in this area, the main factor of fair conclusions is the provision of reliable information. The main source of information is financial statements, where receivables have a significant share in the assets of the balance sheet, and accounts payable in the liabilities of the balance sheet. Conclusion. Debt write-off is an important component in settlements with counterparties. More often than not, we are faced with bad debts. For the correctness of the display of information and write-off of receivables, the company creates a reserve of doubtful debts, which is reflected in account 38 "Reserve of doubtful debts". To write off accounts payable, the company must have important evidence, documents that are approved in accordance with the law.
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Тменова, Е. С., and И. В. Калюгина. "Актуальные вопросы организации бухгалтерского учѐта дебиторской и кредиторской задолженности на примере предприятия ООО "Павловскинвест" Павловского района Воронежской области." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 70, no. 3 (2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-02-2021-96.
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This article is devoted to the problems associated with the organization of accounting for payables and receivables. Undoubtedly, the stability of the financial condition of an organization in a modern market economy largely depends on the effectiveness of the management of accounts payable and receivable. The relevance of this topic is determined by the theoretical and practical significance of the problem. In order to increase the financial stability and solvency of the enterprise, the authors offer a list of recommendations for conducting settlements with counterparties.
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Wiyarni, Wiyarni. "Traditional Market Accounting: Management or Financial Accounting?" Asian Journal of Accounting Research 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajar-2017-02-01-b002.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the area of accounting in traditional market. There are two areas of accounting: management and financial accounting. Some of traditional market traders have prepared financial notes, whereas some of them do not. Their financial notes usually consist of receivables, payables, customer orders, inventories, sales and cost price, and salary expenses. The purpose of these financial notes is usually for decision making. It is very rare for the traditional market traders to prepare financial notes for external users, such as vendors, creditors, and customers. This is because their transactions with vendors, creditors, and customers are very simple. This study used interpretive paradigm. Data was collected using in-depth interview and direct interaction with four informants from three traditional markets. Data is analyzed by organizing them, breaking them into manageable units, coding them, synthesizing them, and searching for patterns. Based on the analysis, this study found that the accounting area of traditional market activities is management accounting rather than financial accounting.
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Davis, Charles E., and Elizabeth B. Davis. "Garden Patch Foods: Analyzing the Purchasing-through-Payables Process." Issues in Accounting Education 18, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2003.18.4.369.
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Analyzing nonstrategic functions has become a major focus in today's business environment. This case presents the facts behind a decision faced by Garden Patch Foods, a prepared foods company that is looking for ways to increase efficiency and to improve the bottom line. As management considers how to increase efficiency of support operations, two major alternatives arise: (1) create a shared-services arrangement for the three divisions or (2) outsource the support functions. The case requires you to assume the role of a staff accountant and analyze the case facts and research issues relevant to shared-services arrangements and outsourcing. You will then communicate your recommendation in a written report to the CFO. Several references are included in the case to facilitate Internet-based research.
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BULKOT, Hanna, and Liudmyla IVANOVA. "Features of accounting and analysis of accounts payable with suppliers and contractors at enterprises, institutions, organizations of Ukraine." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.4.6.
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Introduction. The amount of accounts payables of an enterprise largely depends on the quality and efficiency of accounting and analysis of settlements with suppliers and contractors. It is an important component for successful cooperation and providing complete, truthful and impartial information on the financial position, company performance and cash flow of the enterprise for making management decisions. The purpose of this paper is to find ways to improve the accounting and analysis of accounts payable with suppliers and contractors by summarizing the theoretical and practical aspects of the selected topics. Results. One of the most important components of current liabilities is accounts payable with suppliers and contractors. As practice shows, accounting, analysis and control of payments with counterparties have so far received insufficient attention. We consider it is necessary to improve the accounting of settlements by using additional analytical accounts on terms of debt repayment. Also, the authors propose to introduce an analytical table of control and management of accounts payable, the register of documents for payment and statement of settlements with suppliers and contractors into the accounting system to facilitate the accounting and analysis of settlements. An important element of the management of liabilities to suppliers and contractors is the correct and timely analysis, which is carried out to obtain prompt and objective information on accounts payable. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive financial analysis of accounts payable using various indicators and methods. Conclusion. Therefore, summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that settlements with suppliers and contractors are an important element of the economic mechanism of any enterprise. At the moment, we are all watching with attention the increased impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which has, by now, affected many countries globally, including Ukraine. There is a trend of deterioration of the financial situation of domestic enterprises. This situation is a threat to their future existence. If corporations begin to announce large defaults on payments, businesses stop working and many people lose their jobs, there will be the real catastrophe. Therefore, if businesses want to operate normally and be able to withstand external circumstances, they should reasonably manage accounts payable with suppliers and contractors to be solvent and independent at such a difficult and unstable time.
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Osinubi, Igbekele Sunday. "Effects of financial distress and financing constraints on trade credit provisions." Asian Review of Accounting 28, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 545–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-04-2020-0058.
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PurposeExisting studies that documented the effect of financial distress on trade credit provisions did not include measures financial constraint. It is possible that financial distress is tie to financial constraints, and both financial distress and financial constraints mutually reinforce each other in their effects on trade credit provision. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of financial constraint and financial distress on trade credit provisions in the UK FTSE 350 listed firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs panel data in the estimation of the determinants of accounts payables and accounts receivables of the UK FTSE 350 firms from 2009 to 2017.FindingsThis study finds that financial distress has significant positive effect on accounts payables and a significant negative effect on accounts receivables. Financial constraints have significant negative effect on accounts payables and a significant positive effect on accounts receivables.Practical implicationsTrade creditor desiring to maintain an enduring product-market relationship grant more concessions to customer in financial distress. The amount of trade credit that sellers provide to financially constrained firm is an increasing function of the buyer's creditworthiness. The urgent cash needs of financially distressed firms lead them to sell trade receivables to factoring company leading to reduction in trade receivables. Firm facing external financing constraints increase trade credit to customers in anticipation of cash flow inflow to enhance liquidity.Originality/valueThis study shows that financial distress and financial constraints mutually reinforce each other in their effects on trade credit provisions, and firm's financing condition contributes to divergence in trade credit policies.
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Brown, J. Owen, Bradley E. Lail, Jason E. MacGregor, and Tim Thomasson. "Controls, Payables, and Materiality: A Case of Unknown Collusion." Current Issues in Auditing 14, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): A10—A30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ciia-52639.
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SUMMARY This case is inspired by actual experiences within the accounting and accounts payable departments of a large energy company, formerly part of the S&P 500. The primary objective of the case is to provide a real-world scenario depicting the challenges that companies face in designing and implementing controls over financial reporting, as well as the challenges that external auditors face when evaluating audit findings. In completing the case, you will assume the role of a staff auditor on the audit engagement team for Herringbone Affiliates. The case includes discussion questions that have you consider the perspective of both company management and the audit team.
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Wei, Yi, Jianguo Chen, and Carolyn Wirth. "Detecting fraud in Chinese listed company balance sheets." Pacific Accounting Review 29, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 356–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-04-2016-0044.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the links between accounting values in Chinese listed companies’ balance sheets and the exposure of their fraudulent activities. Design/methodology/approach Every balance sheet account is proposed to be a potential vehicle to manipulate financial statements. Findings Other receivables, inventories, prepaid expenses, employee benefits payables and long-term payables are important indicators of fraudulent financial statements. These results confirm that asset account manipulation is frequently carried out and cast doubt on earlier conclusions by researchers that inflation of liabilities is the most common source of financial statement manipulation. Originality/value Previous practices of solely scaling balance sheet values by assets are revealed to produce spurious relationships, while scaling by both assets and sales effectively detects fraudulent financial statements and provides a useful fraud prediction tool for Chinese auditors, regulators and investors.
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Afrifa, Godfred Adjapong, Ernest Gyapong, and Reza M. Monem. "Product differentiation, market dynamics and the value relevance of trade payables: Evidence from UK listed firms." Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics 14, no. 3 (December 2018): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2018.06.001.
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Hacherová, Ž., and P. Szovics. "Assets and financial situation in the companies of agricultural primary production in Slovakia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 8 (March 1, 2012): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5334-agricecon.
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This paper analyses assets and liability structure on the selected data set from the primary agricultural production in Slovakia. Accounting is presented as a complex foundation, information system, which provides information for decision-making and company management. The source of input data are accounting records generating statements of finances. The theme of the paper is selected issues of balance sheet analysis. The results of the research show unfavorable total assets development. The index 2000/1999 has the value 96.7. There are long-term problems in liabilities volume and structure. Equity capital stagnates. Borrowed capital decrease because of the decreas in loans. Loans were 2 741 SKK/ha in 2000. Most of the companies are in primary insolvency position, when payables after maturity are twice higher than receivables after maturity.
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Verbytska, V., and Ya Nasonenko. "MANAGEMENT OF RECEIVABLES OF THE ENTERPRISE." Series: Economic science 7, no. 167 (November 30, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-7-167-23-27.
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The article examined the current state of planning financial obligations and noted the urgency of the problem of the existence of receivables. The urgency of the problem arises due to the presence of a significant share of receivables in the assets of enterprises. The emergence of a problematic issue is the reason for the search for new ways and methods of control over accounts receivable. The organization and methodology for accounting for receivables for goods is shown on the example of TOV "EMSS". We found out that most of the company's income comes from the sale of equipment for the road construction industry, in particular, testing and diagnostic laboratories. The organization of accounting and the main problematic issues of management accounting of receivables in TOV "EMSS" are investigated. The stages of work with contractors are described and the essence of each stage is described in detail. The stage of generating an invoice for payment is considered the moment of the beginning of the receivable to the seller. It has been established that the enterprise is most characterized by current accounts receivable for products, goods and services. At the same time, the company has no bad accounts receivable. The terms of payment for goods and services formed at the enterprise are described. The state and features of management accounting of receivables and their monitoring have been investigated. The main reasons for the origin of accounts receivable in TOV "EMSS" have been clarified. The necessity of work on improving the accounting of receivables and payables has been substantiated. Measures are proposed to reduce the occurrence of accounts receivable and recommendations for improving its information support are developed. The essence of the proposed measures is to automate the information base on accounts payable and receivable of settlement participants; discussion and inclusion in contracts of all obligations between the parties at the stage of concluding the contract; fast fulfillment of obligations for the supply of goods and services; prompt updating of the state of mutual debt, keeping records and reporting of ongoing mutual settlements.
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Bussoli, Candida, and Danilo Conte. "Trade credit and firm profitability: moderation analysis of intercompany financing in Italy." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 6 (September 30, 2020): 965–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-04-2020-0133.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify whether the benefits gained by granting extended payment terms can lead to higher profitability for Italian companies. Moreover, the analysis aims to investigate whether trade credit offered at a higher level than the sector average can contribute to the profitability of companies. Finally, it aims to test whether the profitability connected to granting trade credit is higher for the unconstrained and financially sound companies.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analyses are conducted on a sample of Italian firms, over the period 2008–2016. The methodologies used to test research hypotheses are panel analysis with fixed effects and random effects models, as well as the generalized method of moment (GMM).FindingsThe results show the contribution of trade credit to the profitability of Italian companies. The empirical analysis also suggests that companies might improve their profitability by increasing investments in trade receivables to a greater extent than companies in their business sector. Finally, the greater use of payables to suppliers and the higher incidence of bank debt reduce the contribution of accounts receivable to the profitability of companies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature as very few studies have analyzed whether trade credit offered at a higher level than the sector average may contribute to the profitability of companies. Moreover, the study provides new evidence on the moderation effect of payables to banks and suppliers on the contribution of granting trade credit to company performance.
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PLOTNIKOV, Viktor S., and Saule S. KANAPINOVA. "Contractual obligations as an element of transaction costs of the exchange deal." International Accounting 24, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.24.3.252.
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Subject. This article discusses the issues relating to the reflection of contractual obligations in the accounting system as an economic category of transaction costs. Objectives. The article aims to describe a market-based approach to defining contractual obligations as transaction costs of the organization and the specifics of their separate reflection in the accounting system. It also aims to define the content of the organization's obligations in terms of the rights of claim for economic resources to reduce the gap between accounting theory and institutional theory. Methods. For the study, we used the theory of institutional economics, the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting that help expand the scope of accounting by incorporating market relations reflecting the obligations to provide exchange transactions. Results. The article defines and proves the importance of the obligations of the exchange transaction parties to reflect them in the accounting system, and that transaction costs expressed by obligations determine the future rights of the market agents. The economic content of the exchange transaction parties' contractual obligations is significantly different from the accounting understanding of receivables and payables. The article proposes to separate the transaction costs determined by the exchange transaction parties' obligations, subsequently capitalizing and reflecting them in financial (integrated) reporting in the structure of client (reputational) capital. Conclusions. It is necessary and possible to develop the accounting theory by incorporating new economic phenomena, such as the contractual obligations of the exchange transaction parties. This approach will help change the retrospective view of understanding accounting information to some extent.
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Yeliseyeva, O. K., and A. Y. Prykhodko. "Improving the Accounting and Analysis of Receivables and Payables in the Management System of the Agricultural Enterprise «Ahromyr-ST»." Business Inform 7, no. 498 (2019): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2019-7-293-298.
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Afrifa, Godfred Adjapong, and Ernest Gyapong. "Net trade credit: what are the determinants?" International Journal of Managerial Finance 13, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-12-2015-0222.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on trade receivables and trade payables by examining the determinants of net trade credit. Design/methodology/approach To do that, a sample of 67,047 firms in the UK with 443,190 firm year observations is used. Findings The results are robust to unobserved heterogeneity and industry effects. The evidence suggests that firms with more inventories, market share and are financially distressed invest less in trade credit. Moreover, higher operating cash flow, annual sales growth, export propensity, access to bank credit and larger firms lead to higher investment in trade credit. Originality/value Additionally, the paper broadens the scope of the literature by analysing the determinants of net trade credit around the financial crisis and industry competitiveness.
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Lawson, Bradley P., Gerald S. Martin, Leah Muriel, and Michael S. Wilkins. "How Do Auditors Respond to FCPA Risk?" AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 38, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52390.
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SUMMARY Using a sample of public firm FCPA violations, we investigate how auditors respond to FCPA risk. We find that audit fees are higher for FCPA violators beginning in the violation period with an additional increase during the period in which regulatory investigations occur. Fees exhibit a greater sensitivity to payables and SG&A expenses for FCPA violators than for non-violators, suggesting that auditors adapt their procedures for accounts that have the highest likely FCPA risk. We also find evidence of a contagion effect with respect to FCPA risk and audit fees among non-violating peers of FCPA violators. Finally, we show that many of the relationships we document for FCPA violators exist among non-violating firms with elevated foreign bribery risk as well, but in magnitudes that are smaller than those of confirmed FCPA violators.
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Manchur, Iryna. "LEVEL OF USE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY BY UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES IN THE FIELD OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING." Economic Analysis, no. 31(3) (2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.03.183.
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The use of various electronic gadgets and Internet communication has accelerated the development of the company in various areas of its activities, including in terms of accounting. The article presents data on the state and expected results of blockchain development in the world and in Ukraine, illustrates that the introduction of blockchain technology is currently taking place in various fields, one of the most promising of which is accounting and auditing. Transfer of all possible registers, investment projects to blockchain, connection of electronic services to block technology – one of the key tasks set by Ukraine at the opening of the fifth conference "Blockchain & Bitcoin Conference Kyiv", which discussed the introduction of distributed register technology in government processes and business, as well as the creation of a regulatory framework for the cryptocurrency industry and Initial coin offering (ICO). The purpose of the article is to investigate the level of use of blockchain technology by Ukrainian companies today in the field of accounting and auditing. The advantage of using blockchain technology is that it allows a company to record both sides of a transaction simultaneously in a shared book in real time, rather than simply storing verified records of financial transactions in separate privately created databases or ledgers. Among the most promising areas of implementation of the blockchain in Ukraine and the world, practitioners and experts called the accounting of receivables and payables and its repayment, accrual and payment of taxes, operational accounting and reporting, as well as work with documents and their storage. In the article, it is substantiated that the blockchain as an environment for economic processes and operations will lead to changes in the methodological tools of accounting and virtualization of accounting processes.
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KOLCHUGIN, Sergei V. "Assessing the financial result at the early development phase of the accounting methodology." International Accounting 22, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1054–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.24.9.1054.
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Subject. The article discusses methods and techniques for assessing the financial result at the early development phase of the accounting methodology. Objectives. The study is intended to find the evidence of the evolutionary coherence of methods and techniques used to assess the financial result through the single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping. Methods. I combined the analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the historical and logic methods of research. Results. I proved the existence of two methods for assessing the financial result through the single-entry accounting. As part of the first one, the financial result is assessed in accounts (first of all, the account of goods and account of payables). As part of the second one, the financial result is assessed by comparing the value of property, which is not encumbered with debts (net property) as of the beginning and end of the accounting period. To do so, the opening and closing inventory lists are compared. Illustrating the balance prepared by J. Gottlieb, I show the coherence of methods and techniques for assessing the financial result through the single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping methodology. Conclusions. The article presents two methods for assessing the financial result through the single-entry method and shows the relationship of methods used to determine the financial result in the single-entry and double-entry methods. In the single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping, the economic substance of the financial result was found to have been interpreted as a growth in net assets for a certain period. The findings are applicable to explain the nature of the financial result, define it and develop the accounting methodology for assessing the financial result.
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Olubukola Otekunrin, Adegbola, Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji, Gabriel Damilola Fagboro, Johnson Kolawole Olowookere, and Oladipo Adenike. "Does working capital management impact an enterprise’s profitability? Evidence from selected Nigerian firms." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.40.
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This study examined the impact of working capital management on the profitability of selected quoted agricultural and agro-allied companies (from 2012 to 2016) in Nigeria. Secondary data were extracted from eighteen quoted agricultural and agro-allied companies in Nigeria, four of which are agricultural companies out of the twenty-three in Nigeria. Descriptive research design and regression analysis were used. Working capital management was measured using the trade receivables collection period, trade payables, payment period, inventory turnover period, and cash conversion cycle, while profit before interest and tax measured profitability. This study found that working capital management and profitability are related to the agriculture and agro-allied sector in Nigeria. The result shows the trade receivables collection period and profitability are negatively related. The result also shows the trade payables payment period and profitability are positively related. The result shows that the inventory turnover period and profitability are related, the cash conversion cycle and profitability are positively related. The conclusion is that working capital management and profitability are related. If the management of firms takes efficient and effective decisions in managing the company’s working capital, all things being equal, the maximization of the firm’s profitability, value, and shareholders’ wealth can be guaranteed. Consequently, agency costs asserted by agency theory would be eliminated automatically. AcknowledgmentAll researchers and non-researchers that contributed to this paper are highly appreciated.
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Gosman, Martin L., and Mark J. Kohlbeck. "Effects of the Existence and Identity of Major Customers on Supplier Profitability: Is Wal-Mart Different?" Journal of Management Accounting Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2009.21.1.179.
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ABSTRACT: We investigate how buyer power in the retail market affects suppliers' profitability. Buyer power exists when suppliers depend on a concentrated set of retailers. Further, Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, possesses additional buyer power because it has a dominant position in many product supply chains, advanced inventory management practices, and cutting edge technology. We form a sample of firms that supply retailers and utilize the major customer disclosure (SFAS No. 131) to proxy for dependence on major customers and the incremental Wal-Mart effect associated with buyer power. We find that as sales to major customers increase, supplier gross margins and return on assets decrease while their inventory and payables management improves. Wal-Mart is incrementally associated with increasing gross margins, improving cash collections, and extended payment terms with its vendors. Supplier power offsets some of the adverse effects. Our findings provide insight on financial implications of supply-chain dynamics where (1) one firm has an economic dependence upon a major customer, and (2) the major customer is a leading channel member.
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Fejzullahu, Amant, and Florije Govori. "Working capital management and profitability of manufacturing companies in Kosovo." Management 26, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.26.2.16.
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This article aims to demonstrate the profitability of the manufacturing companies in Kosovo impacted by the managing practices in the working capital. We use multiple regression analyses to estimate the effect of working capital indicators on profit. The Pearson correlation is used to calculate whether the variables are positively or negatively correlated and to what extent. The sample includes thirty-six manufacturing companies for the period 2012-2013. The data show that the increase in cash conversion cycle (CCC) and extension in the receivables term positively influenced operating profit and net return on assets. On the contrary, the increase in payables days had a negative effect on the operating profit and the net return on assets. The rise in inventory days led to increased profit. Therefore, the companies' competitiveness is maintained mainly by extending trade credit terms to their customers and keeping the cash engaged longer in operating activities.
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Arisnawati, Nur Fani. "The Implementation of SAK ETAP to The Financial Report of SMEs." Al-Buhuts 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/ab.v15i2.1007.
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This study aims to determine the preparation of Financial Report based on SAK-ETAP and constraints on the preparation of Batik Ar-Radhah SMEs in Pekalongan City. This research method uses a qualitative approach. This study uses primary data on the SMEs Batik Ar Radhah Pekalongan City. Data collection techniques using triangulation techniques, namely participant observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample in this study was selected based on a purposive sampling collection technique. Data analytic technique with data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The results of the study are the financial statement components in SMEs Batik Ar-Radhah Pekalongan City are slightly different when compared to the financial statement format with SAK ETAP chassis. The financial format according to Batik Ar-Radhah Pekalongan CitySMEs is current assets, trade receivables and other receivables, trade payables, short-term liabilities, and equity. In SAK ETAP regulates the existence of current assets: cash and cash equivalents, inventories; non-current assets, short-term liabilities, and long-term liabilities and equity. Constraints faced due to the lack of human resources in the field of financial accounting and financial report socialization based on SAK-ETAP by the Pekalongan City Government through training. So the suggestion from the author, it is better if human resources must be supported by its quality. For example: providing scholarships for employees of S1 Accounting / S1 Management education; employees are involved in training activities from Disperindagkop and other institutions.
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Coleman, Martha, and Mengyun Wu. "Combination of Ant Colony Optimization and K-nearest Neighbours: The Influence of Working Capital Management on Corporate Performance." Management and Labour Studies 45, no. 4 (October 8, 2020): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x20939025.
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Purpose: This study looked at the influence of working capital management on firm performance using both accounting measure (ROE) and market measure (Tobin’s q) of firms listed in Nigeria and Ghana. Design/methodology/approach: The study used ant colony optimization (ACO) and k-nearest neighbours (KNN) in establishing the long-term effect of working capital management on corporate performance. Data were extracted from annual financial reports of non-financial companies listed on the Nigeria and Ghana stock exchanges for the recession period 2012–2016, with a total observation of 510. Findings: ACO was applied to determine the working capital management variables that influence corporate performance, and KNN predicted its longitudinal influence, which, in our view, has not been deeply researched. It was discovered that non-financial firms in the period of economic crises manage the account receivables and payables, as well as cash conversion cycles, maintaining optimum working capital for efficient operational activities. It is therefore assumed that these firms are exposed to external and other sources of finance, which enables them to increase investment in working capital, preventing the risk of low production hindering firms from settling debt, as well as customers, leading to the collapse of many firms in this region and accounting for an increase in the unemployment rate. Research limitations/implications: This study will inform corporate management and policymakers on the effect of economic crises on the performance of firms in the management of working capital to achieve desirable accounting and market performance. The ability of a firm to manage working capital during boom and recession periods enhances maximization of shareholders’ wealth. Originality/value: This study will alert policymakers to the urgency in setting up appropriate policies to address pertinent issues regarding longitudinal influence of economic crises on firm continuity and value. JEL Code: M4
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Ali, Anis. "Supply chain performance, profitability and Liquidity: An analytical study of Indian pharmaceutical sector." Accounting 7, no. 6 (2021): 1479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.3.016.
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The study aims to find out the relationship between Supply Chain Performance (SCP), profitability, and liquidity of selected leading Indian pharmaceutical companies. The study is based upon the secondary data available on the website of the concerned Indian pharmaceutical companies. The SCP defines the operational velocity and is measured by the manufacturing efficiency (inventory days), ability of recovery from the debtors (accounts receivables days), and payment to creditors (account payables days). Profitability is the relative measurement of the earning capacity of the business organization and facilitates the comparison among the business organization of similar industries. The liquidity in a business organization refers to the state of pay ability of the short term liabilities in ordinary business activities. Profitability and liquidity are the bi-polar concepts in the business organization. There is an optimum balance between liquidity and profitability is expected for the growth and development of the business organization. Ratio analysis is to be used to analyze the SCP, profitability, and liquidity while Karl Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation applied to get the correlation between SCP, profitability, and liquidity of the companies, and relative relationship between a correlation of profitability and profitability to liquidity ratio of all selected companies. It is observed that there is moderate relationship gross profitability, profitability on the owner’s fund, and liquidity. But there is a negligible relationship between liquidity and return on total resources or profitability on total assets. The Indian pharmaceutical companies with higher profitability are much sensitive about the co-movement of profitability and liquidity. The SCP of the Indian pharmaceutical companies negatively and positively but negligibly affects the profitability and liquidity of the Indian pharmaceutical companies.
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Fiador, Vera. "Does corporate governance influence the efficiency of working capital management of listed firms." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-08-2015-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of corporate governance in the quest to attain organizational efficiency in the working capital management of listed firms. There is a consensus that efficiency of working capital management is vital for firm’s growth and survival, yet another consensus is the role of corporate governance in limiting managerial self-serving behavior and ultimately improving firm’s efficiency. If the foregoing views hold, then the empirical question “Is corporate governance important for firm-level working capital efficiency?” becomes important. Design/methodology/approach Panel data on 13 non-financial firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange were employed in a pooled OLS regression. Findings The results of the study indicate mostly a negative effect of internal governance mechanisms on the cash conversion cycle, the inventory, receivables’ periods and payables’ periods, implying that governance structures do affect the efficiency of working capital management. Firm characteristics like age, size and profitability also emerged as relevant influences on the efficiency of working capital management. Research limitations/implications Data for the study cut across several sectors thus limiting the specificity with which findings can be applied. Originality/value These findings have implications for board composition in the quest for firm-level efficiency while raising the need for more industry-specific enquiries.
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Killingsworth, John, and Mohammed Hashem Mehany. "Implications of collection period variance in the construction industry." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 23, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-01-2018-0004.
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Purpose Despite economic growth in the construction sector of the USA, profit margins are persistently low. An examination of collection practices of over 400 construction firms revealed a high number of firms with a collection period ratio above 30 days. This study aims to examines the variance between collection period ratio (days in accounts receivables, DAR) and days in accounts payables (DAP) and its correlation with profitability ratios [e.g. gross profit margin (GPM) and net profit margin (NPM)]. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive statistics were used to observe trends over three years of financial reporting (2013 through 2016), while correlation statistics were used to understand relationship or association between the different financial ratios and the collection period variance (CPV). Respondent firms were stratified by the North American Industry Classification System, company type and revenue size. Findings Conventional theory holds that increasing financial expenses because of collections negatively impacts profitability. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study suggested a statistical correlation between the CPV and profitability measures. Results of the study, however, supported the null hypothesis. Reasons for the lack of correlation are considered as well as necessary follow-up studies before rejecting the hypothesis. Originality/value No such study was found specific to the construction industry, and as such, this study contributes to better understanding the implications of extensive collection periods. Further, this study contradicts assumptions about the behavior of the construction industry and the causal relationship between extensive collection periods and profitability.
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Prasad, Punam, Narayanasamy Sivasankaran, Samit Paul, and Manoharan Kannadhasan. "Measuring impact of working capital efficiency on financial performance of a firm." Journal of Indian Business Research 11, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-02-2018-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to introduce working capital efficiency multiplier (WCEM) as a direct profitability measure of working capital management. The existing accounting measures in the literature establish an indirect approach to study the relationship between working capital efficiency and profitability of the firms. Design/methodology/approach Using the help of a set of companies from CMIE Prowess database, the study introduces WCEM as a direct profitability measure of working capital efficiency. Findings In this study, a new direct measure of working capital efficiency is introduced which is multiplicative in nature. WCEM is a product of three components, namely, WACC, ratio of the sum of trade receivables and inventories to trade payables and ratio of net working capital (NWC) to net sales. Practical implications The importance of direct measure like WCEM could be enormous in performance evaluation of a firm. It can be used as an indicator for choosing a suitable investment opportunity by an investor. This is due to the fact that the firm that is highly efficient in managing working capital is less exposed to liquidity risk. At the same time, the firm is less dependent on external financing. Therefore, such firms eventually create more value for their shareholders. Another indication that WCEM provides is to gauge the bargaining power of the firm and its competitive position in the market. Lower WCEM indicates higher bargaining power of a firm across the value chain, and its superior position relative to its competitors. Originality/value Most of the studies on WCM are of the empirical type and there is a complete dearth on theoretical framework. Researchers hereafter can consider WCEM as one of the financial performance variables in place of the existing measures such as return on asset (ROA), return on invested capital (ROIC), return on equity (ROE), gross operating income (GOI) and net operating income (NOI) and thereby can contribute new empirical insights through their research outcomes.
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Gruber, Robert, and James Molloy. "The Faithless Employee: A Case Involving the Legal and Accounting Issues Associated with Employee Theft of Company Funds." College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS) 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ctms.v1i1.5221.
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This case explores the areas of public accounting/auditing and business law as they relate to the conduct of an employee who intentionally and unlawfully obtains, and, negotiates for his own benefit, his employers negotiable instruments (checks). In particular, this case involves an accountant who unlawfully acquired negotiable instruments, purportedly drawn by the employer and made payable to the accountant as a result of the accountants improper use of his employers computerized accounting system. Because of his position, his knowledge of the system, and the lack of proper accounting controls, he was able to write company checks to himself and to manipulate the deductions to his paycheck.
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Yakymova, Larysa, and Oleksandra Karielova. "Formation of accounting and analytical information of the municipal company on accounts receivable and payable in the context of ensuring business communication." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2019): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.5-6.20.
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Purpose. The aim of this article is to substantiate of methodical approaches to formation of accounting and analytical information concerning accounts receivable and payable in the context of ensuring business communication of the municipal company. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods of cognition are used in the research process, in particular: methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis – for the analysis of scientific works and practical experience of improvement of communications in accounting; system approach, methods of analysis and synthesis – for substantiation of methodical approaches and suggestions for the formation of accounting and analytical information; methods of econometric modeling – for the construction of a model of net profit of municipal companies. Findings. The relationship between the problems of accounting for accounts receivable and payable and the principles of business communications are established. Changes in the financial statements of municipal companies, which are consistent with the principles of effective communication and improve the information of internal and external users on accounts receivable and payable and their impact on the financial stability of the company, are proposed. Originality. Methodical approaches to restructuring of notes to financial statements in terms of accounts receivable and payable are substantiated, which, in contrast to the existing ones, provides improved communication in financial statements of municipal companies. Practical value. Theoretical and methodical provisions of the research are brought to the level of specific proposals for the formation of accounting and analytical information on accounts receivable and payable of the municipal company. Key words: financial statements; accounts receivable; accounts payable; communications; municipal company; model.
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Kim, Gil－Hoon. "Review of Accounting for Bonds Payable in Korean IFRS Principles of Accounting Textbooks." Korean Business Education Review 36, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.23839/kabe.2021.36.4.187.
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Putri, Debby Cintia Ganesha, R. Wahjoe Witjaksono, and Maria Dellarosawati Idawicaksakti. "Information System Design Based On Enterprise Resource Planning Using Account Payable Module Sap With ASAP Method In PT. Len Industri (Persero)." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 2, no. 01 (January 31, 2018): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v2i01.15.
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Len Industries (Persero) experienced problems related to Accounts Payable in the accounting department as incompatibility and delays in the processing of data and information that flows every day from other parts related to Accounts Payable section and otherwise. This is caused by the information system on PT. Len Industries (Persero) has not integrated with one to another and still done with simple technology and recording manually. Therefore, has been designed of an ERP information system that supports the activities of recorded Accounts Payable(AP) module at PT.Len Industries (Persero). Design of the system is used the method of ASAP (Accelarated SAP). By using this method, the authors conducted an analysis of the business processes that are running on the company and analysis of business processes in SAP ERP application. Then based on the results of the gap/fit analysis, will performed design proposal and design of business processes to SAP applications that have been compared to the needs of the company. The results from this study is an SAP Accounts Payable system that has been design and integrated with the company needs can be easier for companies to conduct cross-section of the existing Accounting. Keywords— ERP, Accounts Payable, Accounting, SAP, ASAP
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Chauhan, Rahul, and Astrid Juliani. "ACCOUNTANT PAYMENT INFORMATION APPLICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN PT. FRAMAS INDONESIA." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 1, no. 5 (June 21, 2020): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i5.342.
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A comprehensive company information system is called Accounting, because it processes all transactions into a document in the form of financial statements. Its role is systematic and covers the entire data and information of documents from all the company's business transaction activities as a whole. Information obtained from the information system in the accounting report will be submitted to management. In this era of globalization, the role of information systems is very important in various fields. Companies must focus on providing users with fast, accurate but still accurate information to financial statements, and other financial data that contribute to decisions and policies made by management. The company uses information systems in the hope that it can help the company achieve its goals. The accounting information system that is currently widely applied by companies is the Information System on Accounts Payable or Accounts Payable. In addition to providing information on Trade Debt data or Accounts Payable, PT Framas Indonesia has applied the Accounting Information System well. Most of the processes have been computerized properly, PT Framas has also designed recording procedures and Internal Control on Accounts Payable. Double checks are also carried out on several processes so as to minimize errors in payment.
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Tkachuk, N. V. "Reflection of information about obligations in accounting (financial) statements." Entrepreneur’s Guide 14, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2021-14-4-91-95.
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The interpretation and assessment of the organization’s liabilities is important for determining the amount of equity capital, which characterizes the well'being of the owners of the organization. The author highlighted the shortcomings of the current legislation in regulating the formation of information about the obligations of the organization. The article substantiates the incorrect use of the term «obligations» in relation to accounts payable. The analysis of the characteristics of liabilities noted in IFRS for their compliance with certain financial and business transactions. Accounts payable have been identified, which are not reflected in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization.
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Sedevich-Fons, Leonardo. "Accounting and quality management: the accounts payable function under ISO 9000." Business Process Management Journal 26, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 694–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-12-2018-0344.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationships between the ISO 9000 model and the accounts payable function, describe the potential benefits of their integration, evaluate their compatibility and propose a method for their amalgamation in practice. Design/methodology/approach After providing a theoretical framework on both the ISO 9000 model and the Accounts Payable function, the study emphasizes the need for their integration, identifies the links between them and proposes a model for their joint consideration. Findings The analysis highlights the importance of the Accounts Payable function in organizations and discloses its suitability to be included in the ISO 9000 model as any other organizational processes. The theoretical compatibility between the most basic accounting functions and quality management programs is explained in detail. Originality/value The study of the links and interactions between quality management and accounting is still a novel topic in academia and, therefore, the literature addressing this subject is still incipient.
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Ivanovskaya, A. V., and S. S. Shirokova. "THE PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING OF ISSUED BONDS AND NOTES PAYABLE." KAZAN SOCIALLY-HUMANITARIAN BULLETIN 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5912-2017-8-2-41-45.
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Mabrur, Azas, and Siswanto Siswanto. "PENGAKUAN DAN PENGUKURAN BELANJA SUBSIDI ENERGI BERBASIS AKRUAL – STUDI KASUS TAHUN 2015." JURNAL MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 1, no. 2 (November 11, 2017): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jmkp.v1i2.147.
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Subsidy spending has a large share in the state budget (APBN). Thereby affecting the audit results by Supreme Auditor on government financial reports (LKPP). with the implementation of accrual-based government accounting in 2015, subsidy spending not only records transactions/activities based on cash flow but also non-cash transaction such as subsidy expenses and subsidy payable. This study aims to determine the implementation of the accrual basis on the accounting of energy subsidy spending.This study examines whether the recognition and measurement of energy subsidy spending, energy subsidy expenses and energy subsidy obligations have been presented in accordance with accrual-based government accounting standard and whether the recognition and measurement issues set out in the relevant Ministry of Finance Regulation (PMK) are in conformity with the accrual basis of accounting principles.The results show that the accounting of energy subsidy spending has been implemented in accordance with the PMK. However, the results also show that the PMK that regulates the accounting and financial reporting system of accrual-based subsidy spending still needs improvement.The necessary improvements are related to the recognition of subsidy expense over a period, the measurement of subsidy expenses, and the mechanism of subsidy payable disposal.
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Кусик, Н. Л., and М. С. Шатковська. "MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE OF AN ENTERPRISE: ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ASPECT." Market economy: modern management theory and practice 18, no. 2(42) (September 5, 2019): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2413-9998.2019.2(42).177077.
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Fawzi Shubita, Mohammad. "Predictive value of accruals and the moderating role of company size: Empirical evidence from Jordan." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(3).2021.13.
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The cash flow statement aids the management to ascertain the profitability and liquidity position of a company. One can understand from the cash flow statement how efficiently the company is paying its obligation in various forms of liability and expense. This study aimed to explore the ability of short-term accounting accruals to predict cash flows. The sample included 77 Jordanian companies listed between 2006–2019. Cash flows were measured by net operating cash flows, and short-term accounting accruals were expressed as: change in account receivable, change in accounts payable, change in inventories, and other accruals. The results demonstrated the ability of short-term accounting accruals to predict future cash flows. The relationship between future cash flows and the short-term accounting accruals was significant, except for its relationship to the change in accounts payable. However, the findings indicate that the size of the company has not moderated the relationship between accounting accruals and operating cash flow. The study recommends using other accounting items besides short-term accounting accruals, to improve their ability to predict future cash flows and use of control variables that can increase the predictive power of the study model, such as financial leverage and company size. AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Amman Arab University for its great support, and for funding this study.
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Ganesha Putri, Debby Cintia, R. Wahjoe Witjaksono, and Maria Dellarosawati Idawicaksakti. "Information System Design Based On Enterprise Resource Planning Using Account Payable Module Sap With Accelerated Sap Method In Pt. Len Industries (Persero)." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 1, no. 02 (December 27, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v1i02.11.
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Abstract— PT. Len Industries (Persero) is a State Owned Enterprise business field of electronics for industry and infrastructure. PT. Len Industries (Persero) experienced problems related to Accounts Payable in the accounting department as incompatibility and delays in the processing of data and information that flows every day from other parts related to Accounts Payable section and otherwise. This is caused by the information system on PT. Len Industries (Persero) has not integrated with one to another and still done with simple technology and recording manually.
Therefore, has been designed of an ERP information system that supports the activities of recorded Accounts Payable(AP) module at PT.Len Industries (Persero). Design of the system is used the method of ASAP (Accelarated SAP). By using this method, the authors conducted an analysis of the business processes that are running on the company and analysis of business processes in SAP ERP application. Then based on the results of the gap/fit analysis, will performed design proposal and design of business processes to SAP applications that have been compared to the needs of the company.
The results from this study is an SAP Accounts Payable system that has been design and integrated with the company needs can be easier for companies to conduct cross-section of the existing Accounting.
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Yanchenko, A. Yu, and A. A. Ikko. "Features of a fire on a ship and ways to prevent it." Entrepreneur’s Guide 14, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2021-14-4-96-101.
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The interpretation and assessment of the organization’s liabilities is important for determining the amount of equity capital, which characterizes the well'being of the owners of the organization. The author highlighted the shortcomings of the current legislation in regulating the formation of information about the obligations of the organization. The article substantiates the incorrect use of the term «obligations» in relation to accounts payable. The analysis of the characteristics of liabilities noted in IFRS for their compliance with certain financial and business transactions. Accounts payable have been identified, which are not reflected in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization.
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Panova, E. A. "The Role of Trade Credit in Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Financial Journal 12, no. 6 (2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-126-135.
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Trade credit has a special meaning for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). When they act as a supplier, it allows them to increase sales and cash flows, and helps establish and maintain permanent relationships with clients. Deferred payment provision is a tool for non-price competition, giving a client time to make sure of product quality. Trade credit as a financial source is an important alternative to bank lending. The article is devoted to studying the determinants of accounts payable in Russian industrial SMEs.It is based on the financial indicators calculated using the SMEs’ accounting statements for the period 2010–2018, published by Rosstat. The statistical data analysis has led to the conclusion that accounts payable are the main borrowed financial source for Russian industrial SMEs. The results of the regression analysis demonstrate a direct dependence of the accounts payable amount on sales growth and a reverse dependence of the former on the liquidity both in small and medium enterprises. Small businesses are also characterized by a negative relationship between return on sales and the accounts payable amount.
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Vicknair, David, and Jeffrey Wright. "Annual Percentage Rate And Annual Effective Rate: Resolving Confusion In Intermediate Accounting Textbooks." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v8i3.9282.
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Evidence of confusion in intermediate accounting textbooks regarding the annual percentage rate (APR) and annual effective rate (AER) is presented. The APR and AER are briefly discussed in the context of a note payable and correct formulas for computing each is provided. Representative examples of the types of confusion that we found is presented and evaluated.
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García-Teruel, Pedro J., and Pedro Martínez-Solano. "A dynamic perspective on the determinants of accounts payable." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 34, no. 4 (May 15, 2009): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-009-0124-0.
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Anorue, Honesta C., and Ernest O. Ugwoke. "Management of Account Receivable and Payable for Improved Financial Performance of Small Scale Industries in Imo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 04 (2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6408.
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The study was conducted to determine management of account receivable and payable for improved financial performance of small enterprises in Imo state. The study used a survey research design, with 1390 participants, including 70 Accounting lecturers, 1,300 small scale enterprises operators and 20 professional accountants. The study used a multistage sampling procedure to draw a sample size of 396 participants. To answer the research questions, the collected data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the ANOVA statistic was used to test the two null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. In particular, the research identified effective ways for managing account payable and receivable of small scale enterprises for financial performance in Imo state. Based on the research findings, it was proposed, among other things, that a retraining initiative for the owners or potential owners of small scale enterprises in the state be established to educate them on the effective ways to manage accounts payable and receivable for efficient financial performance and business success.
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Vidal, Jean-Pierre. "The Achilles’ Heel of the Arm’s Length Principle and the Canadian GlaxoSmithKline Case." Intertax 37, Issue 10 (October 1, 2009): 512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2009053.
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By definition, a multinational earns income in more than one country. Two approaches can be used to establish the tax payable to each country: the separate accounting approach and the formula apportionment approach. Usually, it is assumed that the separate accounting approach is the obvious choice. However, as illustrated by a recent Canadian tax court case, this method has an Achilles’ heel. Since uniqueness and market imperfections are at the heart of the economic profit made by multinationals, it would only seem natural that the comparables necessary to calculate the arm’s length prices do not and cannot exist. These facts plead against the separate accounting approach.
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Venanda, Yohana Reienha Satyara, and Antoni Antoni. "ANALISIS PENERAPAN TARIF PERBANDINGAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH 46 TAHUN 2013 DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 36 TAHUN 2008 UD. BAROKAH TAHUN 2014 – 2017 DI GRESIK." JEA17: Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi 5, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jea17.v5i2.4277.
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ABSTRACTYohana Reienha, 15013061, Analysis of Application of Comparison of Income Tax Rates Based on Government Regulation 46 of 2013 And Law No 36of 2008 in UD. Barokah of 2014-2017. This research is based on the Government's program in collaboration with DJP that involve UMKM in Indonesia. This study aims to help each another UMKM in completing its tax administration obligations, especially at UD. Barokah Gresik. To find out the Income Tax calculation using PP 46 of 2013 and Law 36 of 2008 and calculate the more profitable company UD. This Barokah. This type of research is descriptive comparative. Data collection techniques carried out in this study were interviews, documentation and observation. The object in this study is accounting in UD. Barokah. The data analysis technique used is analyzing gross circulation and income statements for 2014-2017, calculating and analyzing the reporting of the payable income tax. The results of this study indicate that the results of the comparison of large PPh payable UD. Barokah Gresik in 2014-2017 if using PP 46 of 2013, the result is a tax payable is smaller than using the rules of Law 36 of 2008. Due to PPh rates owed PP 46 of 2013 is directly charged to the monthly turnover of taxpayers, then every month they pay the tax payable not too big.
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Nezhyva, Mariia, Olha Zaremba, and Viktoria Nehodenko. "Application of blockchain technology in accounting and audit: international and domestic experience." SHS Web of Conferences 107 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110702001.
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The article is devoted to the study of blockchain technology in the financial sphere of Ukraine, as well as accounting and audit of their application in domestic and international practice. The article contains data on the prospects of blockchain development in the world and in Ukraine, as well as information on the peculiarities of the use of such technologies in the perspective areas – accounting and audit. The article argues that the development of blockchain technology will enable the transition to more modern methods and techniques, which in turn will allow to modernize the accounting and auditing system. The principle of triple entry as a major component of blockchain technology in accounting is emphasized. One of the most promising areas of application of blockchain is accounting for accounts payable and receivable, tax accrual and payment, record keeping and documentation. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain technology in the financial sphere of Ukraine.
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Singh, Kishore, and Peter Best. "Interactive visual analysis of anomalous accounts payable transactions in SAP enterprise systems." Managerial Auditing Journal 31, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-10-2014-1117.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of implementing multi-view visualization methods to assist auditors in reviewing the integrity of high-volume accounting transactions. Modern enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems record several thousands of transactions daily. This makes it difficult to find a few instances of anomalous activities among legitimate transactions. Although continuous auditing and continuous monitoring systems perform substantial analytics, they often produce lengthy reports that require painstaking post-analysis. Approaches that reduce the burden of excessive information are more likely to contribute to the overall effectiveness of the audit process. The authors address this issue by designing and testing the use of visualization methods to present information graphically, to assist auditors in detecting anomalous and potentially fraudulent accounts payable transactions. The strength of the authors ' approach is its capacity for discovery and recognition of new and unexpected insights. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from the SAP enterprise (ERP) system of a real-world organization. A framework for performing visual analytics was developed and applied to the data to determine its usefulness and effectiveness in identifying anomalous activities. Findings – The paper provides valuable insights into understanding the use of different types of visualizations to effectively identify anomalous activities. Research limitations/implications – Because this study emphasizes asset misappropriation, generalizing these findings to other categories of fraud, such as accounts receivable, must be made with caution. Practical implications – This paper provides a framework for developing an automated visualization solution which may have implications in practice. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates the need to understand the effectiveness of visualizations in detecting accounting fraud. This is directly applicable to organizations investigating methods of improving fraud detection in their ERP systems.
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Kriswanto, Kriswanto. "Analisis Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penggajian pada PT XYZ." Binus Business Review 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v4i2.1402.
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Objectives of this research are to analyze accounting information system in PT XYZ, to analyze payroll process in the company, to identify problems and provide recommendations for improvements to the problems found. Method used in this research trying to build the payroll accounting information system was direct observation in the field, consisting initiation and analysis phase. In the analysis phase, research analyzed the problems that occur in the payroll process. Payroll accounting information system, then, will be proposed to support the internal control over the payroll process, and to facilitate the calculation of salaries. Besides, the system is useful to generate reports relating to payroll processing such as attendance reports to see the amount of employee bonuses gained from the attendance every period, accounts payable, employee tax reports and employee salary reports.