Academic literature on the topic 'Acculturation gaps'
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Journal articles on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Rasmi, Sarah, Susan S. Chuang, and Karl Hennig. "Seeing Eye to Eye in Arab Canadian Families." Journal of Adolescent Research 32, no. 3 (2016): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558416630814.
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Using a narrative approach, we explored acculturation gaps, parent-child relationships, and conflict (intergenerational conflict and ethnocultural identity conflict) in a sample of immigrant Arab Canadian emerging adults. Our findings revealed that perceived acculturation gaps co-occurred with intergenerational conflict (Theme 1) and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 2). Furthermore, the parent–emerging adult relationship was observed to play a role in the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and conflict. Specifically, participants described strong parent–emerging adult relationships as minimizing the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and intergenerational conflict (Theme 3), as well as perceived acculturation gaps and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 4). On the other hand, participants described weak parent–emerging adult relationships as exacerbating the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and intergenerational conflict (Theme 3), as well as perceived acculturation gaps and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 4). We presented these analyses using thick and rich data extracts from the participants themselves.
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Giray, Cagla, and Gail M. Ferguson. "Perceived Parental Remote Acculturation Gaps Among Divorced Coparents and Children’s Adjustment in Turkey." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 10 (2018): 1573–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118783255.
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The possibility of differential remote acculturation to a distant culture is yet another chasm that divorced coparents must bridge as they raise their children in globalizing urban settings. This study explored the association between parental remote acculturation and perceived parental remote acculturation gaps in two acculturation domains (behavior, identity), in relation to children’s adjustment in Turkish divorced families. Altogether, 177 urban divorced mothers in Turkey reported their own and their ex-partners’ remote acculturation to U.S. and Turkish cultures, and their joint children’s internalizing (social withdrawal, anxiety) and externalizing (aggression) behaviors. Perceived remote acculturation gaps were operationalized with match:mismatch and interaction methods. Sequential regression analyses accounting for parental conflict resolution revealed that mothers’ perceptions of fathers’ American identity was positively associated with children’s social withdrawal. Regarding perceived acculturation gaps, one particular cross-dimension pairing—strongly U.S.-identified “AmeriTurk” mothers paired with strongly Turkish-identified fathers—predicted lower internalizing problems. Although having an Americanized father might confer some risk for children in divorced families in Turkey, having an “AmeriTurk” mother and traditional Turkish father may be protective, suggesting the benefit of integration as a family-level remote acculturation strategy. Taken together, parental remote acculturation and perceived remote acculturation gaps in identity (not behavior) predicted the socioemotional (not behavioral) adjustment of children above and beyond parental discord. Findings highlight the family repercussions of remote acculturation in Eurasia, underscore the importance of multidomain acculturation measurement, confirm the superior sensitivity of the interaction method, and extend its application to assessing cross-dimension pairings as a new type of acculturation gap.
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Karim, Shahid. "Acculturation in a globalised world: implications for theory and educational policy and practice." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 23, no. 1 (2021): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-11-2020-0078.
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PurposeThis article examines the existing body of knowledge on acculturation, identifies the gaps, discusses its potential consequences for theory and proposes a possible way forward for educational policy and practice in the globalised world.Design/methodology/approachThe body of knowledge on acculturation has developed tremendously during the last century. However, some scholars are critical of its impact on acculturating people, particularly in the societies of settlement. This paper adopted an integrative literature review approach to critique and synthesise the published text on acculturation and education in the era of globalisation.FindingsDespite phenomenal growth in acculturation research and theory, the dominant perspectives and research methodologies hardly help to respond to the emerging trends in intercultural contact and its associated issues in education. A culture learning approach to the study of acculturation can help address the existing gaps, extend the theory, draw contextualised conclusions and take appropriate steps in education to prepare younger generations for an interconnected and interdependent world.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers and practitioners in education may need to be sensitive to the sociopolitical realities in a given context and contextualise their educational endeavours in preparing younger generations for an ever-changing social world.Practical implicationsThis narrative review suggests that an intercultural learning approach to education in contemporary times may better facilitate acculturation processes amongst immigrants and non-immigrants alike. Educational systems in multicultural societies may need to undertake context-specific interventions for immigrant children and adolescents in helping them acculturate to the societies of their settlement.Social implicationsAn intercultural approach to education in general and social studies education, in particular, can help younger generations better respond to the emerging trends of acculturation in the multicultural societies of their residence.Originality/valueGiven that young people follow diverse trajectories of acculturation, irrespective of their status of immigration, researchers in cross-cultural studies may need to reflect on existing theories, approaches, frameworks and methodologies with greater sensitiveness to the ecological context, cultural distance hypothesis and the nature of intercultural contact for a deeper understanding of immigrants' acculturation in plural societies.
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Marsiglia, Flavio F., Elizabeth Kiehne, and Stephanie L. Ayers. "Reexamining the Acculturation Gap: The Relationship Between the Bidimensional Parent-Adolescent Gap and Risky Behavior Among Mexican-Heritage Adolescents." Journal of Early Adolescence 38, no. 5 (2016): 581–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616678991.
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Elevated rates of risky behavior among Latino youth have been linked to features of acculturation such as discrepant rates of acculturation between parents and adolescents. This study examined how parent-adolescent mainstream and Mexican cultural gaps are differentially related to adolescent risky behavior through family conflict, parental monitoring, and parental involvement among Mexican immigrant families. Contrary to the acculturation gap–distress hypothesis, family conflict did not mediate the relationship between acculturation gaps and adolescent risky behavior. Whereas the mainstream cultural gap was associated with less risky adolescent behavior through increased parental monitoring and involvement, the opposite relationship emerged for the Mexican cultural gap. Findings are discussed in relation to the acculturation gap–distress model and the broader parent-child relationship context. Findings illuminate the practical, theoretical, and empirical importance of recognizing Mexican-heritage youth as embedded within an influential family milieu situated in a culturally plural context.
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LeCroy, Madison N., Garrett M. Strizich, Linda C. Gallo, et al. "The Association of the Parent–Child Language Acculturation Gap with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 55, no. 8 (2021): 734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa114.
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Abstract Background Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of prediabetes and dyslipidemia. Differences in parent and child acculturation related to language use and preference (i.e., language acculturation) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health behaviors, but no study has examined associations with cardiometabolic markers. Purpose To determine whether discordance in parent–child language acculturation (parent–child acculturation gap) was associated with poor youth cardiometabolic health. Methods Hispanic/Latino 8–16-year-olds (n = 1,466) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores for the Brief ARSMA-II’s Anglo (AOS) and Latino (LOS) Orientation Scales represented language acculturation. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, and dysglycemia and hyperlipidemia measures. Missing data were imputed. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined the association of youth, parent, and youth × parent (the acculturation gap) AOS and LOS scores separately with each cardiometabolic marker. Results Youth reported greater English and lower Spanish use than parents. Greater discordance in AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction < .01). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any outcome. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth’s diet and physical activity did not alter findings. Removal of nonsignificant acculturation gaps did not indicate an association between individual youth or parent AOS or LOS scores and any cardiometabolic marker. Conclusions Discordance in Hispanic/Latino parent–child dyads’ English use may relate to increased risk for childhood obesity. Future studies should identify mediators of this association.
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Spiegler, Olivia, Birgit Leyendecker, and Katharina Kohl. "Acculturation Gaps Between Turkish Immigrant Marriage Partners." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 46, no. 5 (2015): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115578686.
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Balidemaj, Albina, and Mark Small. "The effects of ethnic identity and acculturation in mental health of immigrants: A literature review." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 7-8 (2019): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019867994.
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Objectives: The purpose of this literature review was to highlight the studies on mental health in relation to acculturation and ethnic identity and to identify research gaps. The results can be used to help inform future immigrant mental health workers and policy makers as well as provide information about the implications of immigrant mental health. Methods: The literature search was conducted electronically, directed by a variety of key words. The search focused on five areas of immigrant mental health importance: (1) acculturation; (2) acculturation and mental health; (3) ethnic identity; (4) ethnic identity and mental health; and (5) acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. A total of 171 articles were examined and 110 were included in the review. Results: The information is presented in the following categories: acculturation; acculturation and mental health; ethnic identity; ethnic identity and mental health; and acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. Research gaps are also presented. Conclusion: Overall, literature shows that acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health are closely related to one another affecting both, individuals and communities. This literature review will help to better inform practitioners who may encounter immigrants experiencing mental health issues due to acculturation and ethnic identity pressure. This review may also help policy makers identify specific obstacles that are not addressed in immigration policies which can affect the implementation of these policies. In addition, the information presented can be used as an instrument for researchers in the field. Despite the limited amount of information about immigrant mental health challenges, much work remains to fully support the affected individuals and their families.
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Smokowski, Paul R., Roderick Rose, and Martica L. Bacallao. "Acculturation and Latino Family Processes: How Cultural Involvement, Biculturalism, and Acculturation Gaps Influence Family Dynamics." Family Relations 57, no. 3 (2008): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00501.x.
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Kato, Godwin, Naw Ei Phyu Sin Lay, Istiarti Berci Sarempaa, and Prema Gaikwad. "Acculturation of International Single Students of Higher Education in the Philippines: A Phenomenological Study." Pan-African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2024): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.56893/pajes2024v05i02.01.
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International students move with fractions of their cultural heritage. When they enter a new country, they often encounter a mismatch between their culture and the host culture. In adapting to a new culture, such students experience acculturation. Several studies have been conducted on acculturation. However, knowledge and methodology gaps were found regarding the acculturation of single students in higher education. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of international acculturated single students of higher education in Philippine international schools. The study is based on Berry’s acculturation model, which involves assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization. Moreover, hermeneutic phenomenology was utilized to describe and interpret the participants’ experiences. Purposive sampling and maximal variation were used to select the four participants from two faith-based universities. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and visual representations. Based on the findings, acculturation is an eye-opening and identity search process embodying comparative support and continuous inquiry contexts. Participants viewed acculturation as a learning occasion requiring constant change. The findings portray several episodes of cultural preservation, engagement, and voluntary integration consistent with Berry’s acculturation model.
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Broesch, James, and Craig Hadley. "Putting culture back into acculturation: Identifying and overcoming gaps in the definition and measurement of acculturation." Social Science Journal 49, no. 3 (2012): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2012.02.004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Tongi, Lolohea. "New Zealand Tongan and Australian Tongan Youth Outcomes: The Impact of Parent-Youth Acculturation Gaps, Enculturation Gaps, Family and School-related Factors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381532.
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Background: Current statistics indicate a concern for the mental health and psychological well-being of Tongan youth in New Zealand and Australia. This impacts on their social and educational functioning and drives ongoing inequalities. Such data pleads for research which identifies potential solutions that are effective for Tongan youth addressing the issue of their mental health. The current thesis aims to build knowledge about underlying factors that may contribute to the adverse outcomes of Tongan youth living in New Zealand and Australia. Compared to the Pacific Island and the general New Zealand youth, Tongan youth have had the highest rate of suicide; highest rate of suicidal thoughts and highest rate of suicide attempts in New Zealand. Tongan youth also have poor educational attainment and are over represented in the criminal justice system. Pressures around adapting to a host country with differing family and cultural values are proposed to contribute to the complexities of life for Tongan youth. In order to understand the well-being of young Tongans, it is essential to take account of the impact of migration on them and their families. This thesis utilised a socio-cultural lens of acculturation gaps to explore how family and school related factors contribute to the compromised outcomes of Tongan youth in New Zealand and Australia. Methods: This study consisted of one hundred Tongan mother-youth dyads from New Zealand and Australia. The study utilised standardised measures of acculturation and enculturation, youth problems, family and school-related factors and substance use. The questionnaires were available in both the Tongan and English language. Results: High rates of psychological problems were reported. Twenty two percent of youth were in the clinical category for internalising problems, 29% in the clinical category for externalising problems and 45% in the clinical category for total problems. New Zealand Tongan youth compared to Australian Tongan youth were significantly higher in the clinical category for externalising problems but significantly lower in the clinical category for total problems. Notably, youth reported low levels of substance use when compared to national data. There were significant differences between mothers and youth on measures of acculturation. Typically mothers reported higher levels of enculturation (i.e., retained Tongan cultural values) compared to youth while youth reported higher levels of acculturation (i.e., adopting host cultural values). Acculturation and enculturation gaps did not directly predict youth outcomes on either externalising or internalising problems. However, family conflict mediated the relationship between acculturation gap and youth outcomes (both internalising and externalising problems). Furthermore, low commitment to school moderated the mediation of family conflict on acculturation gap and externalising problems. Conclusion: The outcomes of New Zealand Tongan and Australian Tongan youth warrant concern and intervention. The implications of these findings inform and equip policy makers and service providers to educate and facilitate Tongan families and communities, to improve the health and well-being of Tongan youth in New Zealand and Australia.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Applied Psychology<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Guo, Jiahong. "Les relations intergénérationnelles dans les familles migrantes chinoises à Paris, originaires de Teochew : une approche de la communication interculturelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MON30032.
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La France, avec son histoire longue de pays d’immigration, attire depuis longtemps des immigrants du monde entier. Dans les années 1970 et 1980, la persécution du régime des Khmers rouges a contraint un nombre considérable d’immigrants Teochew, d’origine chinoise et très majoritairement nés au Cambodge, à fuir leur pays de naissance pour finalement s’installer en France. Bien que ce groupe représente l’un des trois principaux groupes de la communauté chinoise en France, il reste peu étudié dans les recherches scientifiques et moins en encore sous l’angle des sciences de l’information et de la communication. C’est cette lacune dans la recherche qui nous a incitée à entreprendre cette étude afin d’approfondir les expériences spécifiques de cette population migrante.En s’appuyant sur une méthodologie qualitative, cette recherche vise à étudier les processus d’acculturation des deux générations d’immigrants Teochew en France et leur influence sur la dynamique des relations intergénérationnelles. Durant plus de trois ans de travail sur le terrain en Île-de-France, cette étude s’est appuyée sur des entretiens semi-directifs avec douze primo-arrivants et treize jeunes de la deuxième génération, ainsi que des observations participantes au sein de cinq familles, de deux associations (dont une que nous avons vue naître) et de leur quartier. La recherche a également été complétée par une méthode du portrait et la collecte de données secondaires, ce qui a permis de constituer un corpus riche. Grâce à l’analyse par théorisation ancrée, nous avons procédé à une analyse ascendante de ces données afin de mettre en lumière les expériences spécifiques d’acculturation et les défis relationnels que les deux générations rencontrent.Cette étude montre que les situations d’acculturation des immigrés Teochew sont étroitement liées au développement des relations intergénérationnelles. Nous avons identifié les facteurs influençant ce processus d’acculturation et les avons classés en trois niveaux : culturel, contextuel et individuel. Généralement, les primo-arrivants Teochew sont attachés à leur culture d’origine et s’intègrent peu dans la société française, tandis que les jeunes de la deuxième génération, nés et élevés en France, tendent davantage à s’intégrer dans la société d’accueil, avec une identification plus faible à leur culture d’origine. Il en résulte ainsi des écarts d’acculturation entre les deux générations, se manifestant principalement dans cinq dimensions : la manière de communiquer, les compétences numériques, les valeurs, la structure familiale et la transmission de la culture d’origine. Cependant, notre étude a révélé la résilience entre les deux générations, facilitée par la médiation culturelle et numérique au fil du temps. En outre, les écarts d’acculturation n’affectent pas seulement les problèmes psychologiques chez les jeunes, mais entraînent aussi un sentiment de solitude chez les aînés, influençant leur perception négative de l’attitude de leurs enfants vis-à-vis de leurs responsabilités envers eux selon la culture Teochew. En somme, l’acculturation et le développement des relations intergénérationnelles dans le groupe d’immigrés Teochew en France constituent un processus interculturel, dynamique et évolutif, façonné par les changements environnementaux et les différentes étapes du parcours de vie<br>France, with its long history as a country of immigration, has been attracting immigrants from around the world for a long time. In the 1970s and 1980s, the persecution by the Khmer Rouge regime forced a considerable number of Teochew immigrants, of Chinese origin and mostly born in Cambodia, to flee their country of birth and eventually settle in France. Although this group represents one of the three main groups within the Chinese community in France, it remains under-researched in scientific studies, especially from the perspective of information and communication sciences. This research gap prompted us to undertake this study in order to delve deeper into the specific experiences of this migrant population.Using a qualitative methodology, this research aims to study the acculturation processes of two generations of Teochew immigrants in France and their influence on the dynamics of intergenerational relations. Over more than three years of fieldwork in Paris and the surrounding region, this study relied on semi-structured interviews with twelve first-generation immigrants and thirteen second-generation youths, as well as participant observations within five families, two associations (including one we witnessed being founded), and their neighborhood. The research was also complemented by a portrait method and the collection of secondary data, which helped create a rich corpus. Through grounded theory analysis, we conducted a bottom-up analysis of these data to highlight the specific acculturation experiences and relational challenges faced by both generations.This study shows that the acculturation situations of Teochew immigrants are closely linked to the development of intergenerational relations. We identified the factors influencing this acculturation process and classified them into three levels: cultural, contextual, and individual. Generally, Teochew first-generation immigrants remain attached to their culture of origin and integrate little into French society, while the second-generation youth, born and raised in France, tend to integrate more into the host society, with a weaker identification with their culture of origin. This results in acculturation gaps between the two generations, primarily manifesting in five dimensions: communication styles, digital skills, values, family structure, and the transmission of the culture of origin. However, our study revealed resilience between the two generations, facilitated by cultural and digital mediation over time. Moreover, these acculturation gaps not only affect psychological issues among the youth but also lead to a sense of loneliness among the elders, influencing their negative perception of their children's attitudes towards their responsibilities according to Teochew culture. In sum, the acculturation and development of intergenerational relationships within the Teochew immigrant group in France constitute an intercultural, dynamic, and evolving process, shaped by environmental changes and different stages of life
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Langevin, Gabin. "Cultural identity, immigrant assimilation and socioeconomic inequalities." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G027/document.
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Les questions relatives à l’intégration des immigrés et de leurs descendants ne sont pas nouvelles dans la littérature économique. Celles-ci ont toutefois majoritairement été traitées du point de vue de l’efficacité économique de l’immigration ou des discriminations. L’assimilation culturelle revient, elle, régulièrement au cœur du débat public et en particulier au travers des notions d’identité nationale et culturelle. La théorie de l’identité est apparue en économie il y a une dizaine d’années et a permis d’améliorer la compréhension des décisions des individus lorsque ceux-ci se définissent par leur appartenance à un ou plusieurs groupes auxquels sont attachées des normes de comportement. A l’aide de cette théorie, nous regardons à quel point l’identité culturelle, considérée comme l’expression de l’assimilation culturelle des immigrés, permet d’améliorer la compréhension des inégalités socioéconomiques. Après avoir rappelé l’importance du contexte familial et du niveau d’éducation dans la réussite professionnelle des immigrés et descendants d’immigrés, nous analysons la formation de l’identité culturelle. Si l’identité ethnique diminue avec le temps passé dans le pays hôte, elle dépend aussi de la manière dont elle est mesurée. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence un impact négatif de l’identité ethnique sur l’accès à l’emploi et la participation politique mais neutre sur le niveau de salaire. Enfin, à l’aide d’une expérience contrôlée en laboratoire, nous vérifions de manière plus générale l’influence significative de l’identité de groupe sur les décisions individuelles<br>Immigrants’ and their descendants’ assimilations are old issues in the economic literature. However, they have mainly been investigated in terms of immigration economic efficiency and discriminations. At the same time, cultural assimilation is a recurrent issue in the public debate and particularly through the concepts of national and cultural identity. The identity theory came out in economics more than a decade ago. It allowed improving the understanding of individuals’ decisions when they define themselves by their belonging to one or more groups to which behaving norms are attached. Thanks to this theory, we explore to what extent cultural identity, seen as the expression of immigrants’ cultural assimilation, allows improving the understanding of socioeconomic inequalities. We first highlight the importance of the family context and the educational attainment for the professional outcomes of first and second generations of immigrants. Then, we analyze the formation of the cultural identity. If ethnic identity diminishes with time since arrival in the host country, it also depends on the way it is measured. We exhibit a negative influence of ethnic identity on employment and voting participation but neutral on the wage level. Finally, thanks to a laboratory controlled experiment, we verify in a more general framework the significant role of group identity on individual behaviors
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Delaney, Malliga Delaney. "Effects of Acculturation Gap and Attachment Style on South Asian Adolescent Well-Being." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2809.
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South Asian (SA) adolescents experience the added challenges of identity development and coping as a minority population of color in a predominantly White host culture. Adolescent attachment style (AS) with their parents, along with an acculturation gap (AG) with their parents, can either add to or alleviate their struggles. A matched acculturation style and secure AS with their parents were hypothesized to result in higher ethnic identity and adaptive coping. The Brief COPE, Multiethnic Identity Measure, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and the Bicultural Inquiry Questionnaire were used to measure the independent (AG and AS) and dependent variables (identity development and coping skills) among a sample of 39 SA adolescents and their parent dyads from India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. All participants were recruited through SA temples, schools, and websites. Two-way ANOVAs revealed no effects of AG and AS on ethnic identity and coping skills, which corroborates with the results of several other studies. However, the small sample size obtained for this study reduced the reliability of the results. Further research with a larger sample is warranted for more reliable results with greater power. The use of alternative measures should also be considered given the difficulty with measuring the multifaceted constructs of acculturation and ethnic identity. More information on the impact of attachment and acculturation on well-being can contribute to social change by providing data needed to develop preventive and therapeutic interventions, community programs, and government policies to assist immigrant adolescents and families.
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Chu, Hui. "Korean American Adolescents and Their Mothers: Intergenerational Differences and Their Consequences." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/42.
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The current study examined the links and mechanisms associated with intergenerational cultural conflict, psychological distress, and the intergenerational differences in acculturation and model minority stereotype (MMS) endorsement for South Korean immigrants. Specifically, Korean American adolescents’ (ages 12-19, M = 15.3, SD = 1.71) and their mothers’ (N = 209 dyads) acculturation difference and MMS endorsement difference were measured and analyzed as predictors of intergenerational cultural conflict and psychological distress for adolescents. Furthermore, the study analyzed intergenerational cultural conflict as a mediator in the acculturation gap-distress and the MMS endorsement-distress paths. Results indicated that when mothers and their adolescents differed in their acculturation, they also differed in their endorsement of the MMS. Next, as expected, the adolescents who had mothers who were not as acculturated to the American culture, experienced more cultural conflict with their parents and, in turn, felt more psychological distress. Furthermore, the adolescents who had mothers who endorsed the MMS to a greater degree, experienced more cultural conflict with their parents and, in turn, felt more psychological distress.
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Bismar, Danna. "Mental Illness Stigma, Parent-Child Communication, and Help-Seeking of Young American Adults with Immigrant Parents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248426/.
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This study examined a mediational model of mental illness stigma, parent-child communication about mental health concerns, and help seeking attitudes/behaviors among young adults with at least one immigrant parent while considering the possible moderating effect of acculturation gap. The primary goal of this study was to examine whether the acculturation gap changed the relation between mental illness stigma and communication about personal mental health concerns with immigrant parents, which in turn could become a significant predictor of their help-seeking attitudes, as well as a barrier to seeking professional mental health services. Findings provided support to the direct and indirect effects of mental illness stigma through communication about mental health concerns on attitudes about help-seeking. The acculturation gap hypothesized to be a possible moderator for the stigma-communication about mental health concerns relationship among young adult ABCI was found to be significant for ABCI with a low mainstream culture acculturation gap. Discussion on the findings, limitations of the study, future research directions, and counseling implications are addressed.
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Ly, Gia. "The child rearing experiences of newcomer mothers after taking a parenting program in Winnipeg." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31072.
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Canada is a nation known for being highly multiethnic due to its rich history of immigration. But many immigrant parents struggle with acculturation and, at the same time, they are faced with the challenge of raising their children in a new country. This study explored the process of transition among newcomer mothers living in Winnipeg. Using a qualitative approach, ten in-depth interviews were conducted to gain a greater understanding of the process that parents go through as they learn about a particular disciplinary approach - Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting (PDEP). Four main themes emerged: 1) the meaning of parenting; 2) a new vision of parenting; 3) conflicting notions of discipline; and 4) navigating the acculturation gap. Each primary theme had several sub-themes that expressed the process of transition to a new parenting context. Many mothers had experienced corporal punishment as children but none approved of it. They explained that PDEP had provided them with a new non-violent vision of parenting. Mothers described the parenting changes they had made and how their confidence had increased since learning about PDEP. They also described the impact that the loss of extended family support had on parenting dynamics. Although some of the mothers observed that the PDEP program had not decreased the acculturation gap between them and their children, it had helped them to better understand their children’s perspectives. The implications of the findings for professionals who support newcomer parents are discussed.<br>February 2016
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D´Antoni, Sarah. "Exploring the acculturation gap and intergenerational conflict in the domain of female sexuality." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20795.
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The present research examined, for the first time, the acculturation gap in the domain of
female sexuality for immigrant women in the U.S. and Norway. We proposed that greater
perceived difference between daughters and parents in the endorsement of host country norms of
female sexuality would translate to more intergenerational conflict and women reporting more
experiences of control from her family. In addition, proposing that women more acculturated to
sexual norms of their host culture may be less accepting of control and, by consequence, report
less experiences of control. Participants were double heritage women, ages 18 to 62, residing in
Norway (n = 121), and the U.S. (n = 118). Two mediation models were tested. Results supported
both processes in the overall sample and in the U.S., with support in Norway for the process via
intergenerational conflict, but not via acceptance of controlling behaviors. Both in Norway and
the U.S., participants with a greater acculturation gap reported more intergenerational conflict
that translated to more experiences of controlling behaviors from family. Only in the U.S. did we
find that participants more acculturated to host culture sexual norms tended to accept less control
from family and, in turn, report less experiences of controlling behavior. These findings offer a
novel theoretical angle in the study of acculturation and sexuality and may inform interventions
to reduce conflicts and violence against women in acculturating families.<br>Este estudo examinou, pela primeira vez, a acculturation gap no contexto da sexualidade
feminina. Mais especificamente, investigamos a sua relação com as experiências de controlo por
parte da família, tal como o papel mediador da aceitação do controlo e do conflito intergeracional
na aculturação de mulheres nos EUA e na Noruega. Propusemos que uma maior diferença entre
pais e filhas no endosso das normas da sexualidade feminina do país anfitrião traduzir-se-ia em
mais conflitos intergeracionais, resultando em mais experiências de controlo da parte da família.
Adicionalmente, as mulheres mais aculturadas às normas sexuais do país anfitrião seriam menos
dispostas a aceitar o controlo da parte da família e, consequentemente, relatariam menos
experiências de controlo. As participantes eram mulheres de dupla herança, com idades entre 18
e 62 anos, residentes na Noruega (n = 121) e nos EUA (n = 118). Dois modelos de mediação
foram testados. Tanto na Noruega como nos EUA, as participantes com uma maior acculturation
gap relataram mais conflitos intergeracionais, e estes traduziam-se em mais experiências de
controlo da parte da família. Somente nos EUA, as participantes mais aculturadas às normas
sexuais do país anfitrião relataram menos aceitação para ser controladas pela família, que por sua
vez era relacionada com menos experiências de controlo. Esses resultados oferecem um novo
ângulo teórico no estudo da aculturação e da sexualidade, e podem informar intervenções para
reduzir conflitos e violência contra as mulheres em famílias na fase de aculturação.
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"Acculturation Gap, Family Conflict and Well-being for Young Adults in Asian American Families." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.28544.
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abstract: The relationship between parent and child acculturation gaps and the child's well-being for Asian American families, with the child's perceived family conflict as a potential mediating variable were examined in this study. In addition to linear relationships of acculturation gaps, curvilinear relationships were also examined. The sample consisted of 165 first or second generation Asian Americans, aged between 18 to 22. Results indicated that native culture gap is predictive of participants' self-report of depression, and family conflict did function as a mediator to the relationship between native culture gap and depression. The curvilinear relationship between acculturation gaps and well-being was not supported by the results of the study. Further implications and future directions are discussed.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Counseling Psychology 2015
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"Asian American Parental Involvement, Adolescent Depression and Young Adult General Health: The Moderating Role of Intergenerational Gap in Acculturation." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36480.
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abstract: Asian American (AA) adolescents and young adults are at risk for poor psychological adjustment and diminished health. Parental involvement and intergenerational gap in acculturation (IGA) have been independently associated with intergenerational acculturative conflict, a common stressor in the AA population. However, few studies have tested how the influence of parental involvement on intergenerational acculturative conflict/family cohesion and subsequent psychological adjustment may vary depending on IGA; and even fewer studies have investigated how such models apply to AA general health. The goals of the present study were, therefore, to identify pathways linking these acculturative family processes to AA young adult general health in a large sample of Filipino and Southeast Asian (SEA) families. Analyses utilized data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS; Portes & Rumbaut, 2001), a national longitudinal study of children from immigrant families. Results suggested that although Filipino and SEA families may differ in the acculturative processes that contribute to intergenerational acculturative conflict and family cohesion, depressive symptoms are an important mechanism through which these family outcomes in adolescence influence young adult general health outcomes in both Filipino and SEA families. This investigation serves to inform future programs aimed at providing targeted interventions for AAs at risk for long-term psychological disorders and physical health problems.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2015
Books on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Abraído-Lanza, Ana F., Karen R. Flórez, and Rachel C. Shelton. Acculturation and Physical Activity Among Latinos. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.24.
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Despite the many health benefits of physical activity (PA), the majority of Latinos do not meet recommended levels of PA. This chapter provides an overview of research on acculturation and PA among adult Latinos in the United States. It identifies gaps in knowledge concerning the association between acculturation and different types of PA, the joint effects of socioeconomic position and acculturation on PA, and research on gender. It suggests several areas for further research related to acculturation and PA, including an exploration of norms, social networks, and broader social contexts. It concludes that although the bulk of evidence indicates that greater acculturation is associated with increased PA, more complex research designs and greater methodological and conceptual rigor are needed to move forward research in this area.
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Onoye, Jane M., Deborah Goebert, and Leslie Morland. Cross-Cultural Differences in Adjustment to Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.31.
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Cultural context is important to understanding cross-cultural difference in adjustment to pregnancy and the postpartum period. Culture is complex, with interrelated variables posing challenges for research. Highlighted with examples of research with women from Western, Eastern, Native, and Other cultures, the chapter discusses variables such as acculturation and acculturative stress, social support, religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and help-seeking and utilization of services in perinatal mental health and adjustment. Although rates of psychiatric symptoms and disorders vary across cultures, postpartum depression is universal and most often reflected in the perinatal mental health literature. Research on interventions and services mainly examine Western approaches as standard models of health care; however, understanding cultural context can help to inform directions for intervention adaptations or tailoring through a “cultural lens.” There are growing segments of cross-cultural perinatal mental health research, but many gaps still remain.
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Ferguson, Gail, Steve Tran, Shawn Mendez, and Fons van de Vijver. Remote Acculturation. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.12.
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Globalization has accelerated the exposure of nonmigrants to remote cultures in which they have never lived, producing remote acculturation (RA). The health implications of RA may reach further than those of immigrant acculturation because nonmigrants constitute the majority of the world’s population. This chapter describes the conceptualization of RA, reviews the body of empirical research on RA, discusses measurement of RA, and explores the health implications of RA. The review suggests that RA to faraway cultures may have both negative and positive health outcomes, some of which are also common to immigrants (e.g., acculturation gap between adolescents and parents). Acculturation and health researchers, as well as health practitioners, need to be alert to this new cultural landscape if they are to effectively address the health needs of modern individuals who may be acculturating remotely in their own backyards.
Book chapters on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Goforth, Anisa N., and Andy V. Pham. "Literacy, Language, and Acculturation of Diverse Students." In Culturally Responsive School-Based Practices, edited by Anisa N. Goforth and Andy V. Pham. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197516928.003.0006.
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Abstract Culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students often enter a new classroom bringing their own educational and family history, language background, and life experiences. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss best practices in conducting ecological assessment of academic learning and language of CLD students. In particular, the chapter discusses how enculturation, assimilation, and acculturation contribute to student’s learning and language development. These processes can also affect how students approach classwork and assessment tasks. Achievement and opportunity gaps are often the outcomes when curricula, instruction, and assessment do not capture the cultural strengths of students. Recommendations are provided for educators and practitioners to assess and address literacy and language skills of CLD students better, including English language learners.
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Okazaki, Sumie, and Nancy Abelmann. "Community Context." In Korean American Families in Immigrant America. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804207.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the research process, from survey data collection to family ethnography. It details the ethnic geography of the Chicagoland Korean American community through ethnographic observations of the churches, neighborhoods, social service agencies, and schools that mattered in the lives of the Korean Americans in the book. The survey included 204 Korean American teens and 102 parents, from whom five families were selected and followed. The chapter briefly discusses what the survey revealed about how the Chicagoland Korean American parents and teens viewed individual and family well-being. Among Korean American teen, their perception of how well their family was functioning correlated highly with their individual psychological distress and wellness. However, although the survey responses did reveal glimpses of parent-child acculturation gaps and individual distress, the survey findings did not conform very well to the familiar story of a generational gap in acculturation between parents and teens as the primary driver of family or individual difficulties. Whereas the survey gives a broad brushstroke picture of Korean American families with teens, it also left many intriguing questions to be answered. The chapter ends with a description of how the families were selected for intensive and long-term follow-up.
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Ahmed, Fatema, Chen Wu, Li Li, Qingyuan Ye, Waleed Ksebe, and Kefang Wang. "Psychological Approaches for Eating Disorders: The Role of Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life." In Psychotherapy in the third millennium - Cross-cutting themes and proposals for reflection [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1009601.
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Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), are severe mental health conditions involving complex psychological, emotional, and physical factors. This chapter explores Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a leading psychological treatment for EDs, focusing on its impact on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life (QoL). It also highlights the importance of personalized and integrated approaches in treating EDs, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions and multidisciplinary care. CBT is highly effective for BN and BED, supported by evidence showing reductions in binge eating, purging, and restrictive behaviors, alongside improvements in psychological well-being and QoL. Core CBT techniques help individuals challenge maladaptive beliefs about body image and self-worth, regain control over eating habits, and enhance social functioning. The chapter reviews empirical evidence supporting CBT’s mechanisms of action. However, CBT’s effectiveness for AN is limited, particularly in adults, where Family-Based Therapy (FBT) has shown greater promise for adolescents. Challenges in CBT implementation include the importance of the therapeutic alliance, the need for culturally sensitive adaptations, and the underutilization of CBT due to a lack of trained clinicians. The chapter also highlights the global rise in ED prevalence, driven by sociocultural factors like Western media influence, urbanization, and acculturation. It calls for ongoing research and the integration of digital interventions to improve accessibility and long-term outcomes. By addressing these gaps, CBT and other evidence-based treatments can evolve, offering hope for improved recovery and QoL for individuals affected by these debilitating disorders.
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Ben-Rafael, Eliezer. "Languages and Ethnicity." In Language, Identity, and Social Division. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198240723.003.0012.
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Abstract Sociological approaches to ethnicity variously emphasize types of domination (Mason 1970), religious orientations (Hoetinck 1972; Van den Berghe 1978), or processes of acculturation (Glazer 1983). Parsons (1975) and Shils (1956) describe deethnicization as a necessary development. Ethnic identity may, however, survive through symbolic tokens (Gans 1979), ultimately accounted for by the political profitability of ethnic mobilization (Bell 1975; Barth 1969), or the social support that ethnic communities are able to offer their members (Glazer and Moynihan 1975), but a connection between ethnicity and class is explained in terms of the ethnics’ predispositions to modernity (Lenski 1972), discrimination (Simpson and Yinger 1958), power relations (Kuper 1965), or competition between subordinate groups (Bonacich 1980). Ethnic boundaries, primarily defined by primordial attributes, compete with societal identification, though when ethnic groups become socially heterogeneous by mobility, they may undergo heterogenization of ethnic consciousness as well. The better-off have more contacts with outsiders and tend to acculturate and assimilate to the dominant culture more than others (Burgess 1978; Lal 1983). Yet ethnics also react to dominant cultures, which, on their own, encourage either pluralism or uniformity (Tabory and Lazerwitz 1983; Hoetinck 1972; Van den Berghe 1978).
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Velliaris, Donna M., and Janine M. Pierce. "A Living ‘CCC'ase Study." In Business Education and Ethics. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3153-1.ch012.
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This chapter describes the Coglin Clothing Company (CCC), the focus of a multidisciplinary Live/Living Case Study (LCS) that was developed and introduced at the Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) between 2010-2013. The LCS methodology endeavoured to address educational obstacles that had arisen from EIBT's international student population for whom it was first designed, but were typical problems of ‘business education' in general. This work begins by attending to issues such as: generalised problems of the education-experience business-related gap; the benefits of integrating more than one business discipline; the difficulties of handling various and conflicting sources of information; and the indispensability of action learning for deeper comprehension. A LCS was integrated across eight separate courses, including one titled ‘Management Principles'. The relevant literature is presented, followed by a discussion of the value of LCSs for acculturating (international) students to ‘real-life' business scenarios.
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Velliaris, Donna M., and Janine M. Pierce. "A Living ‘CCC'ase Study." In Case Studies as a Teaching Tool in Management Education. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0770-3.ch004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the Coglin Clothing Company (CCC), the focus of a multidisciplinary Live/Living Case Study (LCS) that was developed and introduced at the Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) between 2010-2013. The LCS methodology endeavoured to address educational obstacles that had arisen from EIBT's international student population for whom it was first designed, but were typical problems of ‘business education' in general. This work begins by attending to issues such as: generalised problems of the education-experience business-related gap; the benefits of integrating more than one business discipline; the difficulties of handling various and conflicting sources of information; and the indispensability of action learning for deeper comprehension. A LCS was integrated across eight separate courses, including one titled ‘Management Principles'. The relevant literature is presented, followed by a discussion of the value of LCSs for acculturating (international) students to ‘real-life' business scenarios.
Conference papers on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Albert, Isabelle, and Dieter Ferring. "Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: Adult Children and their Ageing Parents in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/gvui1243.
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Whereas most studies in the context of acculturation research have focused so far on family relations between first generation parents and their second generation children in adolescence, the present study draws its attention on immigrant families at later stages in the family life cycle. This study is part of the FNR-funded project on “Intergenerational Relations in the Light of Migration and Ageing – IRMA” in which a cross-cultural comparison of altogether N = 120 Portuguese and Luxembourgish triads of older parents and their adult children, both living in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, is envisaged. The aims of this project are, firstly to examine similarities and differences in family values, internalized norms and mutual expectations of older parents and their adult children in migrant and non-migrant families; secondly, to analyze in how far an acculturation gap respectively a generation gap might have an impact on the relationship quality between parents and their adult children; thirdly and related to this, to explore subjective well-being (SWB) of all involved family members. Results are discussed in the framework of an integrative model of intergenerational family relations in the light of migration and ageing.
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Sheibaniaghdam, Ashraf, and Abbas Motamadi. "EMOTICONS IN CYBERSPACE FACILITATE COMMUNICATION." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-050.
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Meaning is described as \"the system of mental representations of an object or phenomenon, its properties and associations with other objects and/or phenomena.\" For human beings, meaning is reflected in the form of sensory information, images and concepts.” (Bedny & Karwowsky, 2004). It is either denotative or connotative. Connotation basically includes: pragmatic and semiotic levels. Connotation and denotation are often described in terms of levels of representation or levels of meaning. Roland Barthes adopted from Louis Hjelmslev the notion that there are different orders of signification (Barthes, 1957; & Hjelmslev, 1961). The first order of signification is that of denotation: at this level there is a sign consisting of a signifier and a signified. Connotation is a second-order of signification which uses the denotative sign (signifier and signified) as its signifier and attaches to it an additional signified. In this framework connotation is a sign which derives from the signifier of a denotative sign (so denotation leads to a chain of connotations). For most semioticians both denotation and connotation entail the use of codes. Structural semioticians who highlight the relative arbitrariness of signifiers and social semioticians who stress multiplicity of interpretation and the importance of cultural and historical contexts are hardly likely to accept the notion of a \'literal\' meaning. The denotative meaning of a sign would be broadly agreed upon by members of the same culture, whereas \'nobody is ever taken to task because their connotations are incorrect\', so no inventory of the connotative meanings generated by any sign could ever be complete, just because they are language specific.(Bamard, 1996). The present research paper relies on the social semioticians\' concept with the null hypothesis that emoticons are interpreted in the cultural and historical contexts of any specific language. Methodology is of qualitative research type and the technique favored for data collection is field notes and diaries. Participants in the project included two post graduate candidates, each comprising 16 tech literate students. Students in group A were TEFL majored and those in group B were majored in Persian literature. They were asked to communicate through emoticons, while storing them in databases already developed to that end. Data elicitation was basically based on e-mailing system and the databases. The candidates were given positive feedback for developing novel, identifiable, comprehensive and mutually exclusive emoticons. This process was continued for one semester. Number and exactness of emoticons saved in each candidate’s database and the usage made out of them were effective factors in data analysis. The qualitative analysis of the results, which were tabularized, significantly rejects the null hypothesis. Discussion: Based on the finding, it is safe to say that the students’ field of study does not affect the semiotic interpretation and understanding of the connotative meaning of emoticons. The performance and databases of the candidates with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds were of the same ranking level. Hence, if language learning is a process of acculturation, the result of the present study seems not to confirm the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Based on Motamadi’s, (2009) technology and cyberspace have removed deep linguistic gaps and cultural differences; but further researches are needed to confirm the present finding.
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Kizhakkethil, Priya. "Information experience in a diaspora small world." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2022.
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Introduction. Leisure is considered important in the settlement and acculturation experiences of refugee and immigrant communities. Perceiving a gap in the literature which has taken a diaspora perspective, this on-going study looks at an online community converging around a leisure activity from a gender and diaspora standpoint, while looking to understand what would be experienced as information in that context. Method. Employing a qualitative research approach, data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with fourteen participants and also through the collecting of comments posted on fan fiction blogs. Analysis. Qualitative thematic analysis is being carried out using Nvivo software. Results. Early observations by way of themes lend credence to the importance of social context and point towards the role of meaning making in the information and document experience of the participants. Conclusions. Going beyond information seeking and problematic situations, adopting an experience approach can contribute towards conceptual and theoretical development in the field. The study also hopes to contribute towards literature that has looked at diaspora communities from a gender and leisure perspective.
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Mujiyanto, Arief, Agung Wicaksono, Fonny Prasmono Adhi, and Muhammad Subhan Missuari. "Digital Integration, Success Story of Accelerating Business Integration of Two Biggest Midstream-Downstream Natural Gas Company in Indonesia." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207321-ms.
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Abstract To achieve 24% portion of natural gas in targeted national energy mix in 2050, Indonesia government has integrated Pertagas, biggest transmission company into PGN, biggest distribution company under Oil & Gas Holding Pertamina. But survey from PWC in 2004 resulted that around 75% post-merger companies reported integration difficulties, especially both companies have long history of competition. Even more, government mandated 6 USD gas price policy at plant gate, which create enormous urgency to accelerate pipeline and digital integration in the most efficient way. Especially, in this pandemic era, midstream industry needs to foster digital transformation by rethinking outdated business models and strategically applying technology to change rather than focusing on simply cutting costs. From this integration, Pertagas with more than 2,418 km pipeline in 12 provinces spread from Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan has a big potency to be synergized with PGN, as Sub Holding Gas with the total of 10,169 km of pipeline which represent 96% of national gas infrastructure. During 2020. Both companies resulted more than 1.255 MMSCFD of transported gas and 828 BBTUD of sales gas to more than 460 thousand customers. So, PGN and Pertagas management has high expectation on this digital integration to transform from previous fragmented pipeline to be interconnected network to give flexibility in reaching unmet growing demand of strategic industry like refinery, fertilizer, electricity, steel and petrochemical in post-COVID recovery. In this paper, will be described the challenges and its solutions as a success story in digital integration. The important steps start from strategy development, digital assessment, creating coalition, culture acculturation, and change management are explained as guiding pathway for sustainable implementation. It will also portray the measured benefit and value from investment cost efficiency, time effectiveness from the initiation until launched, billing improvement, product development, and up to developed real-time integrated management dashboard for better decision making and part of the milestone for future National Dispatching Center for optimizing Sub Holding Gas portfolio of gas supply and subsidiary's infrastructure to meet growing Indonesia's demand.
Reports on the topic "Acculturation gaps"
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.