Relevant bibliographies by topics / Accumulation (Art)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Accumulation (Art)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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Pettman, D. "A Break in Transmission: Art, Appropriation and Accumulation." Genre 34, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2001): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-34-3-4-279.

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Kukelev, Yu K. "Heat accumulation capacity of talc-chlorite schists." Resources and Technology, no. 8 (2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2010.1771.

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Picard, Cynthia, Martin Pellicelli, Maryam Taheri, Jean-Francois Lavoie, Roxanne Doucet, DaShen Wang, Lauriane Bernard, Saadallah Bouhanik, Patrick Lavigne, and Alain Moreau. "Nuclear Accumulation of Prohibitin 1 in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Down-RegulatesPITX1Expression." Arthritis & Rheumatism 65, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.37837.

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Hasunuma, Tomoko, Nobuhiko Kayagaki, Hiroshi Asahara, Satoru Motokawa, Tetsuji Kobata, Hideo Yagita, Hiroyuki Aono, Takayuki Sumida, Ko Okumura, and Kusuki Nishioka. "Accumulation of soluble fas in inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis & Rheumatism 40, no. 1 (January 1997): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780400112.

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Jeanty, Cindy, Adèle Sourisce, Aurélie Noteuil, Nadège Jah, Aurore Wielgosik, Ingrid Fert, Maxime Breban, and Claudine André. "HLA-B27 Subtype Oligomerization and Intracellular Accumulation Patterns Correlate With Predisposition to Spondyloarthritis." Arthritis & Rheumatology 66, no. 8 (July 28, 2014): 2113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38644.

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Pokharel, Reeju, S. F. Li, J. Lind, C. M. Hefferan, U. Lienert, R. A. Lebensohn, R. M. Suter, and A. D. Rollett. "Quantifying Damage Accumulation Using State-of-the-Art FFT Method." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.515.

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A 3D microstructure, measured by high-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy, is used as an input to a parallelized viscoplastic Fast Fourier Transform code (VPFFT) to simulate a tensile test. Distributions of strain, damage accumulation, neighbor interactions, and Schmid factor mismatch throughout the microstructure are calculated. These results will form the basis of a direct comparison to microstructure maps that track plastic deformation in the real sample.
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McDonough, Terrence. "Social Structures of Accumulation Theory: The State of the Art." Review of Radical Political Economics 40, no. 2 (February 11, 2008): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613407310572.

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Tucci, Marco, Cosima Quatraro, Lucia Lombardi, Cecilia Pellegrino, Franco Dammacco, and Franco Silvestris. "Glomerular accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in active lupus nephritis: Role of interleukin-18." Arthritis & Rheumatism 58, no. 1 (2007): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.23186.

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Cole, Heather A., Tetsuro Ohba, Jeffry S. Nyman, Haro Hirotaka, Justin M. M. Cates, Matthew J. Flick, Jay L. Degen, and Jonathan G. Schoenecker. "Fibrin Accumulation Secondary to Loss of Plasmin-Mediated Fibrinolysis Drives Inflammatory Osteoporosis in Mice." Arthritis & Rheumatology 66, no. 8 (July 28, 2014): 2222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38639.

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Yamada, Masato, Hideo Yagita, Hideko Inoue, Tsuyoshi Takanashi, Hironori Matsuda, Eiko Munechika, Yutaka Kanamaru, et al. "Selective accumulation of CCR4+ T lymphocytes into renal tissue of patients with lupus nephritis." Arthritis & Rheumatism 46, no. 3 (March 2002): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10112.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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Raby, Erica M. "Accumulation." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1240255325.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 22, 2010). Advisor: Darice Polo. Keywords: Installation; assemblage; mixed-media; drawing; playful arrangements; doodling; envrionmental art; intuitive process; mixed-media drawings; environmental concerns; ecological concerns; fragile environment; site-specific; craft-based methods; post-consumer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28).
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Sapwell, Mark Andrew. "Art of accumulation : the role of rock art palimpsests in Fennoscandia 4500-1200 BC." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648511.

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Atwood, Blaine Lee. "Accumulation of Divine Service." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5288.

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Accumulation of Divine Service is a ceramic installation referencing the sublime attribute of service, and how it relates to our temporal existence. Many aspects of the sublime are implemented into the contemporary art world today. The sublime can refer to ideas from terror to joy, and all across the spectrum of human emotions. The unifying element that seems to tie them together is a quality of awe-inspiring greatness, or the metaphysically divine. These attributescan inspire the mind and often lead one to dwell on the existence of a Supreme Being or Deity,what His purposes are, and how we as mortals work with or for that purpose.This installation encompasses some of my thoughts on the divinity that I believe dwells within all mankind. I do this by incorporating into the installation two repeated elements, the finial and the mug. The finial is an architectural element that is implemented at the apex of most religious meetinghouses. It is used for this purpose because it points toward the heavens and lifts the mind upward toward God. The mug, on the other hand, is one of the most humble and universal ceramic service vessels. It is used around the world as a drinking container whose sole purpose is service, or to give life-sustaining nourishment to mankind. The combination of these two visual elements seeks to encompass my personal art practice, my research, and the element of the sublime that we all possess.
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Gobeil, Andréanne. "Un temps à part." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25939.

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L'exposition «Un temps à part» a été présentée à la Galerie des arts visuels de l'Université Laval. D’une part, de grands dessins blancs créés à partir d'ajouts suivis d'altérations ne laissant à la surface que quelques fragments et des traces d'effacement désormais illisibles. L'autre partie de l'exposition était constituée de sculptures en plâtre réalisées à partir d’un processus d'agglomération, soit par stratification de couches alternées de papiers imprimés et de plâtre créant des blocs, ou par incorporation de débris dans des formes compactes évoquant des phénomènes géologiques. Les oeuvres sculpturales étaient ensuite constituées d'accumulation de ces objets multipliés, les amoncellements suggérant l'état de ruine. Le mémoire décrit l'évolution du processus créatif où l'altération de l'oeuvre génère une esthétique de ce qui reste, proposant une expérience visuelle prenant sa source dans cette ambiguïté entre une oeuvre très présente dans ses caractéristiques matérielles et formelles tout en évoquant un état passé disparu.
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Tardif, Guillaume. "Jusqu'à épuisement des stocks." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26720.

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Ce mémoire est le fruit d’une réflexion portant sur la pulsion qui m’habite de sans cesse créer de nouveaux objets, ainsi que sur les rapports que j’entretiens avec mes objets d’art et les objets manufacturés qui nous entourent. Elle s’est construite peu à peu, dans un aller-retour entre production à l’atelier et retour critique. Au cours des deux dernières années, j’ai cherché, par l’entremise de sculptures et d’œuvres installatives, à comprendre ma fascination pour le fait de vivre dans une société dont l’activité fondamentale semble être une transformation constante d’énergie et de matière. Dans un premier temps, j’y dresse plusieurs constats relatifs à mon positionnement comme artiste face aux différents discours sur l’art. Essentiellement, je développe l’idée que je n’ai pas besoin de régler le cas de l’art, d’un point de vue théorique, pour faire de l’art. Dans la seconde partie, je réfléchis sur différentes caractéristiques de ma démarche : le fait que je cherche à créer des objets qui s’insèrent et se comportent dans le réel comme des anomalies, que ma démarche est perméable à tout ce qui constitue mon expérience de vie, ou encore que j’active en manipulant de façon intuitive du matériel chargé de significations multiples. Dans un troisième temps, je présente la nature de l’imaginaire qui m’habite et explique la façon dont ce dernier influence ma manière de faire de l’art et la morphologie de mes œuvres. Vient ensuite un chapitre dans lequel je me penche sur mon passé de designer industriel et de musicien, dans lequel j’illustre la façon dont ces deux expériences de création, bien que fort différentes de l’art contemporain, influencent ma pratique actuelle. Finalement, je ferai une représentation schématisée des concepts, des méthodes et des dynamiques à l’œuvre dans mon processus créatif. Cette multitude de regards différents sur ma pratique permettra de faire ressortir, tout au long de ce mémoire, que ma démarche est nourrie par une série de tensions que je cherche à réconcilier, sans vraiment y parvenir, et que c’est cette impossibilité qui me pousse constamment à créer des nouvelles œuvres. Bien que mes œuvres soient souvent interprétées comme des commentaires sur l’actualité, le présent mémoire n’a pas comme point central l’actualité, mais bien mon travail de création, la façon dont il fonctionne, ce à quoi il est relié, etc. Je ne me pose pas la question « pourquoi et comment transformons-nous l’énergie et la matière? », mais plutôt « comment puis-je transformer le monde en transformant autrement l’énergie et la matière? »
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Mackin, Freeman Daniel. "An Investigation of the Impact of High School Student Fine Arts Course Accumulation on Mathematics Course Achievement." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5041.

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Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational achievement is vital to economic competitiveness in the United States and abroad. Despite a concerted effort, the US lags well behind many similarly developed nations. Research suggests that the integration of fine arts education into traditional STEM curriculum (STEAM) boosts academic achievement in STEM subjects and closes gaps between low- and high-socioeconomic status students. Justifications for STEAM programs are based, however, on the unexamined assumption, for one, that fine arts courses instill creative and critical thinking skills that can be transferred to STEM subjects. The present study explores the impact of taking fine arts courses on mathematics achievement in high school. Using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 and multi-level regression modeling, this study provides evidence that credit accumulation in fine arts courses relates positively to advancing past Algebra II in high school. Additionally, this estimated impact is much greater in magnitude for low-SES students than for their high-SES peers.
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Bernard, Émilie. "OBJETS, OBJETS, OBJETS ou Le goût des belles choses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27562/27562.pdf.

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Sandström, Kajsa. "Dans och koreografi i konstens rum : En komparativ fallstudie av Trisha Browns koreografier Floor of the Forest och Accumulation i konstfältet på 1970-talet och 2000-talet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Konstvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43648.

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Through a comparative case study of Trisha Browns choreographies Floor of the Forest (1970) and Accumulation (1971), presented in a visual arts context in the 1970's and in the 2000's, this paper traces how performative aspects of Browns work has changed over time.  Floor of the Forest and Accumulation are analyzed through Erika Fischer-Lichte's theory of performativity in performance and the performing arts. The original choreographies in the 1970's are further contextualized by Browns history and role in the visual arts field in the 1960's and 1970's. Performances of Floor of the Forest and Accumulation in museums in the twentieth century are discussed in relation to Claire Bishops concept dance exhibition.  The findings show how the place/site continued to be a central factor in Brown's choreographing also after her site-specific performances in the 1970's. The exhibition of Floor of the Forest and Accumulation in museums took place through an adaptation of the choreographies to the specific site of the museum, in order to enable new performative spaces. An adaptability to the visual arts institution that, according to Bishop, characterizes the phenomenon dance exhibition.
Genom en komparativ fallstudie av Trisha Browns koreografier Floor of the Forest (1970) och Accumulation (1971), som har tagit plats i bildkonstens rum på 1970-talet och 2000-talet, spåras i uppsatsen hur performativa aspekter av Browns konstnärskap har förändrats över tid. Uppföranden av Floor of the Forest och Accumulation analyseras genom Erika Fischer-Lichte's teori om performativitet i konsthändelsen. De tidiga koreografierna kontextualiseras i relation Browns roll i 1960- och 1970-talens konstfält. Rekonstruktionen av koreografiernas uppföranden på museer på 2000-talet diskuteras vidare utifrån Claire Bishops koncept dansutställningar. Studien visar hur platsen/rummet fortsatte att utgöra en central aspekt i Browns koreograferande även efter hennes platsspecifika koreografier på 1970-talet. Utställningen av Browns koreografier på museer ägde rum genom en anpassning till museets specifika plats, för att således möjliggöra nya performativa rum. En anpassningsförmåga som enligt Bishop präglar fenomenet dansutställningar.
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Mikayoulou, Daniel. "Structure financière et accumulation l'exemple du Congo /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608040j.

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Boscarino, Cathy. "Myocardial buffering capacity & hydrogen ion accumulation during global ischemia, are there gender differences?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58863.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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The art of coercion: The primitive accumulation and management of coercive power. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.

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Arman, Armand Pierre. Arman: Monochrome accumulations 1986-1989 : catalogue raisonné. New York, NY: Vrej Baghoomian Gallery, 1990.

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Accumulating culture: The collections of Emperor Huizong. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008.

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Commission, Manitoba Law Reform. The trust provisions in the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act. [Winnipeg, Man.]: The Commission, 1995.

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1979-, Maples Amanda M., Smalligan Laura M. 1982-, Kan Michael, Vogel Susan Mullin, and Yale University Art Gallery, eds. Accumulating histories: African art from the Charles B. Benenson collection at the Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 2012.

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Onions are my husband: Survival and accumulation by West African market women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

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Victoria. Parliament. Scrutiny of Acts and Regulations Committee. Review of redundant and unclear legislation: Report concerning the Maintenance Act 1965; Marriage Act 1958 and Perpetuities and Accumulation Act 1968. Melbourne: The Committee, 2004.

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Chettri, Mona, and Michael Eilenberg, eds. Development Zones in Asian Borderlands. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726238.

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Development Zones in Asian Borderlands maps the nexus between global capital flows, national economic policies, infrastructural connectivity, migration, and aspirations for modernity in the borderlands of South and South-East Asia. In doing so, it demonstrates how these are transforming borderlands from remote, peripheral backyards to front-yards of economic development and state-building. Development zones encapsulate the networks, institutions, politics and processes specific to enclave development, and offer a new analytical framework for thinking about borderlands; namely, as sites of capital accumulation, territorialisation and socio-spatial changes.
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Uncertain Histories: Accumulation, Inaccessibility, and Doubt in Contemporary Photography. University of California Press, 2015.

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Giustozzi, Antonio. Art of Coercion: The Primitive Accumulation and Management of Coercive Power. Columbia University Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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Banks, Patricia A. "Art Ownership as Wealth Accumulation." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 232–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4179.

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Palmer, Carole L. "Information Accumulation." In Work at the Boundaries of Science, 29–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9843-9_2.

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Murugaiyan, Varunseelan, Frederike Zeibig, Mahender Anumalla, Sameer Ali Siddiq, Michael Frei, Jayaseelan Murugaiyan, and Jauhar Ali. "Arsenic Stress Responses and Accumulation in Rice." In Rice Improvement, 281–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_9.

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AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world’s most vital staple grains, and 90% of it is produced and consumed in Asia alone. It plays a significant role in the entry of mineral nutrients into the food chain. Arsenic (As) is a toxic heavy metal that threatens the major rice-growing regions in the world, particularly in Asia. Arsenic is ubiquitously present in moderate concentrations in the environment because of natural geological processes and anthropogenic impacts. However, rapid industrialization and excessive use of arsenic-rich groundwater are further fueling the increased arsenic concentration in agricultural topsoil. Arsenic accumulation in rice plants has a significant adverse effect on plant, human, and livestock health. Although arsenic contamination in rice is well documented, its interaction and accumulation in rice are poorly understood. So far, no candidate genes or QTLs associated with arsenic interaction are used in breeding programs for the development of low-arsenic-accumulating rice varieties. The development and adaptation of new low-arsenic-accumulating rice cultivars resilient to arsenic toxicity constitute safe ways to mitigate arsenic contamination in rice. Recent scientific advances in rice genetics, genomics, and physiology have opened up new opportunities to speed up the process of developing low-arsenic-accumulating rice cultivars for the rapidly growing human population.
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Luther, Peter, and Alan Moran. "Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964 (1964, c. 55)." In Core Statutes on Property Law, 138–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54479-7_14.

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Luther, Peter, and Alan Moran. "Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009 (2009, c. 18)." In Core Statutes on Property Law, 326–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54479-7_48.

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Robaina, Lidia, Juhani Pirhonen, Elena Mente, Javier Sánchez, and Neill Goosen. "Fish Diets in Aquaponics." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 333–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_13.

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AbstractFish and feed waste provide most of the nutrients required by the plants in aquaponics if the optimum ratio between daily fish feed inputs and the plant growing area is sustained. Thus, the fish feed needs to fulfil both the fish’s and plant’s nutritional requirements in an aquaponic system. A controlled fish waste production strategy where the nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral contents of fish diets are manipulated and used provides a way of influencing the rates of accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the need for the additional supplementation of nutrients. To optimize the performance and cost-effectiveness of aquaponic production, fish diets and feeding schedules should be designed carefully to provide nutrients at the right level and time to complement fish, bacteria and plants. To achieve this, a species-specific tailor-made aquaponic feed may be optimized to suit the aquaponic system as a whole. The optimal point would be determined based on overall system performance parameters, including economic and environmental sustainability measures. This chapter thus focuses on fish diets and feed and reviews the state of the art in fish diets, ingredients and additives, as well as the nutritional/sustainable challenges that need to be considered when producing specific aquaponic feeds.
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Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Reserve Accumulation, Sovereign Debt, and Exchange Rate Policy." In Asset Management at Central Banks and Monetary Authorities, 79–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43457-1_5.

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Heinemann, V., A. F. Pini, L. Schulz, A. Schalhorn, W. Wilmanns, and R. D. Issels. "Gemcitabine-Mediated Enhancement of Cellular Cytarabine-5′-Triphosphate (ara-CTP) Accumulation." In Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, 655–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71960-8_89.

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Schwarz, J. R. "Phenytoin and Carbamazepine Act by Accumulating Inactivated Sodium Channels." In Physiology, Pharmacology and Development of Epileptogenic Phenomena, 237–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46732-5_52.

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Cooper, W. John, Mehran Alaee, and Mark Donelan. "Development and Testing of an Eddy Accumulator." In Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, 321–24. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm127p0321.

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Conference papers on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Golam Newaz. "Surface Accumulating E. coli in Water Flow Using a Bypass Mini-Channel Based Device." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21965.

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The objective of this research is to design and optimize a bypass mini/micro-channel based surface accumulator of E. coli which could be easily integrated with an acoustic wave biosensor. A computational research has been carried out using the state of the art computational software, CFD-ACE with water as bacteria bearing fluid. E. coli bacteria have been modeled as random discrete particles tracked by solving the Lagrangian equations. The design challenges are to achieve high particle to water ratio in a bypass channel and accumulation of particles on a surface of the channel, high enough Reynolds number to avoid bacteria swimming, and various particle boundary conditions. The optimized designs have achieved accumulation concentration of more than an order of magnitude higher than the inlet concentration at a flow velocity much higher than the bacteria swimming speed under various particle-boundary interactions. A bypass channel has been used in this design to separate concentrated water-particle mixture and accumulate particles on a surface of the channel where the biosensor can be installed safely and precisely.
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Tudor, V., and M. M. Ohadi. "Control of Frost Accumulation on a Horizontal Cold Plate Using DC Electric Fields." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79688.

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With the rapid advancement and expansion of affordable electronics and their applications to computer-driven process control, the prospects for electronically controllable heat transfer surfaces utilizing electric fields are very encouraging. The effects of DC electric fields on frost crystal growth with wire and flat-plate insulated electrodes were studied in this paper. Results showed that the electrode geometry played a major role in the frost control process. Up to 39% frost reduction was obtained when an insulated plate electrode was used with an applied voltage of 17kV, while in similar experiments only 22% frost reduction was obtained using a wire electrode. The plate temperature varied from −20°C to −40°C, while the air temperature was varied from 0°C to −10°C with air relative humidity ranging from 45% to 90%. Both natural and forced convection (Reynolds number = 5,000) conditions were considered in this study. The average power consumption for these experiments was 31 mW. The main findings of this study suggest that the presence of a DC electric field can greatly affect both the frost crystal growth pattern and mass accumulation on a cold plate. For the first time, the ice surface’s electrical properties and basic electrostatics were used to explain the main findings in this paper. Numerical simulation results of the electric fields utilizing a state-of-the-art commercial software were in agreement with the experimental findings from this study. The effect of charge accumulation on the dielectric coating of the electrodes is also addressed.
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Lall, Pradeep, Sandeep Shantaram, Arjun Angral, Mandar Kulkarni, and Jeff Suhling. "Damage Accumulation and Life-Prediction Models for SnAgCu Leadfree Electronics Under Shock-Impact." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89307.

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Relative damage-index based on the leadfree interconnect transient strain history from digital image correlation, explicit finite-elements, cohesive-zone elements, and component’s survivability envelope has been developed for life-prediction of two-leadfree electronic alloy systems. Life prediction of pristine and thermally-aged assemblies, have been investigated. Solder alloy system studied include Sn1Ag0.5Cu, and 96.5Sn3.5Ag. Transient strains during the shock-impact have been measured using digital image correlation in conjunction with high-speed cameras operating at 50,000 fps. Both the board strains and the package strains have been measured in a variety of drop orientations including JEDEC horizontal drop orientation, vertical drop orientation and intermediate drop orientations. In addition the effect of sequential stresses of thermal aging and shock-impact on the failure mechanisms has also been studied. The thermal aging condition used for the study includes 125°C for 100 hrs. The presented methodology addresses the need for life prediction of new lead-free alloy-systems under shock and vibration, which is largely beyond the state of art. Three failure modes have been predicted including interfacial failure at the copper-solder interface, solder-PCB interface, and the solder joint failure. Explicit non-linear finite element models with cohesive-zone elements have been developed and correlated with experimental results. Velocity data from digital image correlation has been used to drive the attachment degrees of freedom of the submodel and extract transient interconnect strain histories. Explicit finite-element sub-modeling has been correlated with the full-field strain in various locations, orientations, on both the package and the board-side. The survivability of the leadfree interconnections under sequential loading (thermal aging and shock-impact) from simulation has been compared with pristine circuit assemblies subjected to shock-impact. Sequential loading changes the failure modes and decreases the drop reliability as compared to the room temperature experimental results. Damage index based survivability envelope is intended for component integration to ensure reliability in harsh environments.
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Xie, Hongwei, Yafei Song, Ling Cai, and Mingyang Li. "Overflow Aware Quantization: Accelerating Neural Network Inference by Low-bit Multiply-Accumulate Operations." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/121.

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The inherent heavy computation of deep neural networks prevents their widespread applications. A widely used method for accelerating model inference is quantization, by replacing the input operands of a network using fixed-point values. Then the majority of computation costs focus on the integer matrix multiplication accumulation. In fact, high-bit accumulator leads to partially wasted computation and low-bit one typically suffers from numerical overflow. To address this problem, we propose an overflow aware quantization method by designing trainable adaptive fixed-point representation, to optimize the number of bits for each input tensor while prohibiting numeric overflow during the computation. With the proposed method, we are able to fully utilize the computing power to minimize the quantization loss and obtain optimized inference performance. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we conduct image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation tasks on ImageNet, Pascal VOC, and COCO datasets, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art quantization methods while accelerating the inference process by about 2 times.
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Piazera de Carvalho, Thiago, Hervé P. Morvan, David Hargreaves, Laura Cordes, and Corina Höfler. "Limitations of a State-of-the-Art Numerical Modelling Framework for Two-Phase Flow in Aero-Engine Air/Oil Separators." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56633.

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The development and limitations of a numerical modelling framework applied to an aero-engine air/oil separator are presented here. Oil enters the device in the form of dispersed droplets and primary separation occurs by centrifuging larger droplets towards the outer walls, whereas secondary separation occurs by partially coalescing and centrifuging smaller droplets within a porous material, namely an open-cell metal foam. The work described here is part of a study led jointly by the University of Nottingham (UNott) and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in the Engine Breakthrough Components and Subsystems (E-BREAK) project. The main objectives for UNott have been to define a CFD methodology able to provide an accurate representation of the air flow behaviour and a qualitative assessment of the oil capture within the air/oil separator. The feasibility of using the current state-of-the-art modelling framework is assessed. Experimental measurements of the overall pressure drop and oil capture performed at KIT are used to validate the simulations. The methodology presented here overcomes some limitations and simplifications present in previous studies. A novel macroscopic model for the secondary oil separation phenomena within metal foams is presented. Experiments and simulations were conducted for three different separator configurations, one without a metal foam, and two with metal foams of different pore sizes. For each configuration, a variation of air flow, shaft speed and droplet size was conducted. The focus was on the separation of droplets with a diameter smaller than 10 μm. Single-phase air flow simulation results showed that overall pressure drop increases with both increased shaft speed and air flow, largely in agreement with the experiments. Oil capture results proved to be more difficult to be captured by the numerical model. One of the limitations of the modelling set-up employed here is not capable of capturing droplet re-entrainment due to accumulation of oil inside the metal foam, which is believed to play a significant role in the separation phenomena.
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Zeng, Linghua, Zhangcheng Wang, and Xinmei Tian. "KCNN: Kernel-wise Quantization to Remarkably Decrease Multiplications in Convolutional Neural Network." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/588.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in computer vision tasks. However, the high computational power demand of running devices of recent CNNs has hampered many of their applications. Recently, many methods have quantized the floating-point weights and activations to fixed-points or binary values to convert fractional arithmetic to integer or bit-wise arithmetic. However, since the distributions of values in CNNs are extremely complex, fixed-points or binary values lead to numerical information loss and cause performance degradation. On the other hand, convolution is composed of multiplications and accumulation, but the implementation of multiplications in hardware is more costly comparing with accumulation. We can preserve the rich information of floating-point values on dedicated low power devices by considerably decreasing the multiplications. In this paper, we quantize the floating-point weights in each kernel separately to multiple bit planes to remarkably decrease multiplications. We obtain a closed-form solution via an aggressive Lloyd algorithm and the fine-tuning is adopted to optimize the bit planes. Furthermore, we propose dual normalization to solve the pathological curvature problem during fine-tuning. Our quantized networks show negligible performance loss compared to their floating-point counterparts.
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Wei, Peng, Guoliang Hua, Weibo Huang, Fanyang Meng, and Hong Liu. "Unsupervised Monocular Visual-inertial Odometry Network." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/325.

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Recently, unsupervised methods for monocular visual odometry (VO), with no need for quantities of expensive labeled ground truth, have attracted much attention. However, these methods are inadequate for long-term odometry task, due to the inherent limitation of only using monocular visual data and the inability to handle the error accumulation problem. By utilizing supplemental low-cost inertial measurements, and exploiting the multi-view geometric constraint and sequential constraint, an unsupervised visual-inertial odometry framework (UnVIO) is proposed in this paper. Our method is able to predict the per-frame depth map, as well as extracting and self-adaptively fusing visual-inertial motion features from image-IMU stream to achieve long-term odometry task. A novel sliding window optimization strategy, which consists of an intra-window and an inter-window optimization, is introduced for overcoming the error accumulation and scale ambiguity problem. The intra-window optimization restrains the geometric inferences within the window through checking the photometric consistency. And the inter-window optimization checks the 3D geometric consistency and trajectory consistency among predictions of separate windows. Extensive experiments have been conducted on KITTI and Malaga datasets to demonstrate the superiority of UnVIO over other state-of-the-art VO / VIO methods. The codes are open-source.
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Malekipour, Ehsan, and Hazim El-Mounayri. "Scanning Strategies in the PBF Process: A Critical Review." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24589.

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Abstract The powder-bed fusion (PBF) process is capable of producing near-fully dense metallic parts; however, various defects — particularly thermal abnormalities — can still be observed during the process. Some of these thermal defects — cracks, distortion, delamination of layers, and microporosity — cannot be removed by post-processing operations. The majority of these abnormalities are the result of residual stress, heat accumulation, lack of inter-track /inter-layer bonding, lack of powder fusion, or a combination of these factors. Modifying the scanning strategy (the topology of scanning tracks) can efficiently mitigate these abnormalities by adjusting the process parameters and adopting proper scanning patterns. The implementation of different scanning strategies significantly changes the ultimate quality of printed parts and manufacturing process lead time. Choosing a proper scanning strategy minimizes the residual stress and internal porosity, generates homogeneous microstructure, and avoids heat accumulation throughout the part during the printing process. In this work, we conducted a critical review of different scanning strategies, their pros and cons, limitations, and influence on the resulting properties of fabricated parts. Furthermore, we report the latest efforts for improvement of the current scanning strategies and introduce the-state-of-the-art strategies in the multi-laser PBF (ML-PBF) process. The insights provided here can assist scholars in evaluating existing scanning strategies and scanning patterns, and in identifying ways both to overcome scanning limitations and to modify them. On the other hand, it can assist manufacturers in selecting the best scanning strategies for their products based on their designs, demands, and resources.
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Sun, Zequn, Wei Hu, Qingheng Zhang, and Yuzhong Qu. "Bootstrapping Entity Alignment with Knowledge Graph Embedding." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/611.

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Embedding-based entity alignment represents different knowledge graphs (KGs) as low-dimensional embeddings and finds entity alignment by measuring the similarities between entity embeddings. Existing approaches have achieved promising results, however, they are still challenged by the lack of enough prior alignment as labeled training data. In this paper, we propose a bootstrapping approach to embedding-based entity alignment. It iteratively labels likely entity alignment as training data for learning alignment-oriented KG embeddings. Furthermore, it employs an alignment editing method to reduce error accumulation during iterations. Our experiments on real-world datasets showed that the proposed approach significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art embedding-based ones for entity alignment. The proposed alignment-oriented KG embedding, bootstrapping process and alignment editing method all contributed to the performance improvement.
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Turnquist, Michael, and Adam Parsons. "Improving the Accuracy of Traditional Dent Fatigue Analysis: A Method for Quantifying the Initial Damage Caused by Dent Formation." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78684.

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The pipeline industry is currently taking several approaches to evaluate the integrity of dents, ovalities, or other geometric anomalies identified from in-line inspection (ILI). A primary threat associated with these features that operators should be concerned with is failure due to fatigue. In order to carry out a more accurate dent fatigue analysis, it is important to be able to quantify the amount of damage accumulated during the initial dent formation process and subsequent shakedown of the dent. Dents result from permanent deformation of the pipeline which leads to accumulation of plastic strain. Whether this permanent deformation was caused during initial construction (a backhoe striking the pipeline) or in service (changing underground soil conditions), the plastic strains that are observed will result in a decrease in the pipeline’s fatigue life. Pressure cycling has the potential to accumulate additional plastic stain, thus accumulating more fatigue damage. Eventually as the pipeline continues to be cycled, no additional deformation or accumulation of plastic strain will occur; this behavior is referred to as “shakedown.” Finite element analysis (FEA) can be utilized to quantify how much fatigue damage has been accumulated during the initial dent formation process and subsequent shakedown of the dent. When analyzing pipeline dents using FEA, importance should be placed on accurately simulating the dent forming process so that realistic plasticity effects can be captured. The process of calculating plastic stresses and strains during the dent forming process can be computationally expensive and result in numerical instabilities within the analysis. As a result, methods for simulating the formation and shakedown of a pipeline dent are continuously being refined. However, since it is difficult to determine exactly how these geometric pipeline anomalies were formed, the applicability and accuracy of such methods contains a great amount of uncertainty and is thus expensive (both from a cost and time standpoint) for an operator to validate. This paper will identify a new and innovative approach for using FEA to determine the amount of damage accumulated during the initial dent formation process and subsequent shakedown of the dent. This approach uses state-of-the-art FEA modeling techniques coupled with industry knowledge and experience to develop an accurate and efficient method for quantifying this damage. The knowledge gained during this analysis can be used in conjunction with a traditional rapid dent assessment methodology. A case study will be presented which demonstrates the impact that a direct calculation of this initial damage has on representative pipeline dent assessment analysis. By undertaking this additional analysis, operators will have the potential to eliminate unnecessary digs. Additionally, operators can be more confident that their resources are being applied to the highest priority features.
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Reports on the topic "Accumulation (Art)"

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Mackin Freeman, Daniel. An Investigation of the Impact of High School Student Fine Arts Course Accumulation on Mathematics Course Achievement. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6917.

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Andrabi, Tahir, Benjamin Daniels, and Jishnu Das. Human Capital Accumulation and Disasters: Evidence from the Pakistan Earthquake of 2005. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2020/039.

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We trace the effects of a devastating earthquake that occurred in Northern Pakistan in 2005. Using a new dataset from a survey conducted four years after the earthquake, we first show that the distance of the household from the fault line was not correlated with pre-existing household characteristics, while it was strongly predictive of earthquake-related damage and mortality. Through emergency relief aid, households living close to the fault line reported receiving substantial cash compensation that amounted to as much as 150% of their annual household consumption expenditure. Four years after the earthquake, there were no differences in public infrastructure, household or adult outcomes between areas close to and far from the fault line. However, children in their critical first thousand days at the time of the earthquake accumulated large height deficits, with the youngest the most affected. Children aged 3 through 15 at the time of the earthquake did not suffer growth shortfalls, but scored significantly worse on academic tests if they lived close to the fault line. Finally, children whose mothers completed primary education were fully protected against the emergence of a test score gap. We estimate that if these deficits continue to adult life, the affected children could stand to lose 15% of their lifetime earnings. Even when disasters are heavily compensated, human capital accumulation can be critically interrupted, with greater losses for already disadvantaged populations.
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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.

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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Butler, Afrachanna, Catherine Thomas, Nathan Beane, Anthony Bednar, and William Frederick. Phytomanagement of soil and groundwater at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) using hybridized trees. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42083.

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The Manhattan Engineer District previously used the 191-acre Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) in Niagara County, New York, to store radioactive residues and wastes from uranium (U) ore processing. At present, management practices will determine whether enhanced evapotranspiration rates produced by hybridized shrub willow cuttings planted in 2016 will affect groundwater hydrology. Two shrub willow varieties were planted in an approximately one-half acre area to examine growth performance along a U impacted sanitary sewer line. Additionally, control plots will compare the effectiveness of shrub willows to unplanted areas. Observations of the planted area after 18 months showed success of shrub willow growth with increasing biomass. Chemical analysis from tree tissue samples of the field study showed no significant uptake of U or thorium (Th) to date. A greenhouse study conducted in parallel to the field study tested the willows under controlled greenhouse conditions and evaluated their ability to grow and accumulate contaminants under controlled conditions. Results from the greenhouse study demonstrated that U accumulation was minimal. Thus, this study demonstrates that the shrub willows are not accumulators of U or Th, an advantageous characteristic that implies stabilized contaminants in the soil and no translocation of U into the aboveground biomass.
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Hamill, Daniel D., Jeremy J. Giovando, Chandler S. Engel, Travis A. Dahl, and Michael D. Bartles. Application of a Radiation-Derived Temperature Index Model to the Willow Creek Watershed in Idaho, USA. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41360.

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The ability to simulate snow accumulation and melting processes is fundamental to developing real-time hydrological models in watersheds with a snowmelt-dominated flow regime. A primary source of uncertainty with this model development approach is the subjectivity related to which historical periods to use and how to combine parameters from multiple calibration events. The Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrological Modeling System, has recently implemented a hybrid temperature index (TI) snow module that has not been extensively tested. This study evaluates a radiatative temperature index (RTI) model’s performance relative to the traditional air TI model. The TI model for Willow Creek performed reasonably well in both the calibration and validation years. The results of the RTI calibration and validation simulations resulted in additional questions related to how best to parameterize this snow model. An RTI parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the choice of calibration years will have a substantial impact on the parameters and thus the streamflow results. Based on the analysis completed in this study, further refinement and verification of the RTI model calculations are required before an objective comparison with the TI model can be completed.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck-Platoonable Pavement Sections in Illinois’ Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-002.

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Truck platooning has many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Literature shows that platooning improves safety and reduces fuel consumption between 5% and 15% based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Deployment of truck platooning within interstate highways would result in significant fuel savings, but may have a direct impact on flexible pavement performance. The channelization of the platoon and reduced rest time between consecutive loads would accelerate the damage accumulation at the channelized position. Ultimately, this would lead to pavement service life reduction and a subsequent increase in maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to quantify the effects of platooning on flexible pavements and provide guidelines for the state of Illinois by considering the aforementioned factors. Although the benefits of platooning are quantifiable, not every truck route is platoonable. For efficient platooning, trucks need to travel at a constant high speed for extended distances. The integrity of the platoon should be preserved because interfering vehicles would compromise the platooning benefits and road safety. An introduced high-level approach considers the volume/capacity of a roadway and the expected number of highway exit and entry conflicts. Using these parameters, each roadway section is assigned a level of platoonability, ranging from one to five—with five being the highest. A framework was developed to analyze the Illinois highway network. It was found that 89% of the network highway is platoonable under average capacity conditions.
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Wurl, Oliver. Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM. University of Oldenburg, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_pos537.

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OceanRep OceanRep Startseite Kontakt Schnellsuche Einfache Suche Erweiterte Suche Blättern Autor Forschungsbereich Publikationsart Jahr Studiengang Neuzugänge Artikel – begutachtet Alle Über uns GEOMAR Bibliothek Open Access Policies Grundsätze Hilfe FAQs Statistik Impressum Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Logged in as Heidi Düpow Einträge verwaltenManage recordsManage shelvesProfilGespeicherte SuchenBegutachtungAdminLogout - Tools Wurl, Oliver, Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah, Robinson, Tiera-Brandy, Hoppe, Jennifer, Jaeger, Leonie, Striebel, Maren, Heinrichs, Anna-Lena, Hennings, Laura Margarethe, Goncalves, Rodrigo, Ruiz Gazulla, Carlota und Ferrera, Isabel (2020) Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Open Access . POSEIDON Berichte . University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 35 pp. [img] Text Cruise_Reports_POS537_final.pdf - publizierte Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0. Download (2417Kb) | Vorschau Abstract Biofilm-like properties can form on sea surfaces, but an understanding of the underlying processes leading to the development of these biofilms is not available. We used approaches to study the development of biofilm-like properties at the sea surface, i.e. the number, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities and phytoplankton, the accumulation of gel-like particles and dissolved tracers. During the expedition POS537 we used newly developed and free drifting mesocosms and performed incubation experiments. With these approaches we aim to investigate the role of light and UV radiation as well as the microbes themselves, which lead to the formation of biofilms. With unique microbial interactions and photochemical reactions, sea surface biofilms could be biochemical reactors with significant implications for ocean and climate research, e.g. with respect to the marine carbon cycle, diversity of organisms and oceanatmosphere interactions.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.

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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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