Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acetanilide'

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>93<br>The objective of this study is to confer the the adaptability of acetanilide herbicides degrading bacteria in fields and to study the the adaptability of acetanilide herbicides degrading bacteria in fields and the ability of the bacteria to degrade amide herbicide.We applied the bacteria into soil and analysised the adaptability of the bacteria and the difference between microbial community with PCR-DGGE. HPLC was used to detect the degradation of the amide herbicide.According to the result,the bacteria was well-adapted and could increase the degradation rate at 10 ug g-1 metolachlor in the Er-Jen soil.The soil microbial community were affected by the amide herbicide.The higher concentration of the herbicide, the greater influence from the herbicide to soil microbial community.

Transition metal catalyzed functionalization of C-H bond to C-C bond is advantageous and atom economical. The use of directing groups is intended to overcome the challenges associated with the C-H activation such as low reactivity of C-H bond and the issue of site selectivity. Amides are well known as directing groups and found to couple with a variety of coupling partners. In this thesis, maleimide has been used as a selective coupling partner to generate conjugate addition products exclusively. The typical Heck-type oxidative coupling that occurs, when alkenes are used, is avoided by choosing maleimide as an alkene, which cannot undergo β-hydride elimination, due to the unavailability of syn-periplanar β-hydrogen atom. The amide nitrogen which is notorious to undergo tandem reactions to generate spirocyclic or annulation products under cross-coupling conditions remains innocent under the reaction conditions. Along with the substrate scope, a robustness screen has been performed to analyze the performance of amide as a directing group in the presence of other directing groups, and also for examining the tolerance of the reaction conditions for other frequently encountered functional groups. The following Scheme represents the typical reaction and conditions used for the reaction. Coupling of maleimides in the presence of amide as a directing group

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>89<br>Chloroacetamide herbicides are selectively, non-hormone and widely used in Taiwan. These herbicides are low toxicity to human and animals, less residue in environment and highly efficacy of control grasses. Degradation and adsortion of herbicides alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor and propachlor in three soils were studied. Movement of herbicides in soils were performed with soil columns. The BAM model and GWP model were used to estimate the relative fate and the potential of contaminating groundwater. The results indicated that the degradation rate of herbicide was increased with increasing temperature and water moisture. The half-life of all four herbicides showed the shortest for butachlor (6.9 d), and then were alachlor (8.6 d), propachlor (9.4 d), and metolachlor (22.8 d) in order. The degradation rate for butachlor in Ftl loam, St sandy loam, and Sa clay loam were 6.9 , 11.9 and 13.0 d, respectively. In non-sterilized soils the degradation rate of herbicides was significantly slower than sterilized soils. In adsorption experiment, the equilibrium was reached within 4 hours. The amounts of butachlor adsorted by soils was the biggest, and the amount of propachlor was least. And the adsorption of herbicides in soil — water system was increased with increasing temperature. The results indicated that the isotherms adsorption were well agree with the Freundlich equation and leaner equation, especially with the Freundlich equation. The movement rate of herbicides in St sandy loam was the faster than that of in Sa clay loam and Ftl loam. The movement of herbicides in soil was propachlor and then alachlor, metolachlor, and butachlor in oder, however, the movement of butachlor in soil was so slow as that was not movement. The highest concentration level of butachlor was appeared in the 0 — 10 cm depth of soil column. The that results simulated by BAM model showed the same tendency as study in soil column leaching. Movement of butachlor was lower in the simulated by GWP model. Butachlor would reach to 3 m or 10 m groundwater need 82 and 309 years respectively, and at that time the herbicide residues were nearly zero. However, propachlor would reach to 3m or 10m groundwater need only 0.44 and 3.96 years and at that time the residues were about 2.69 and 52.66 % respectively. The mobility of propachlor in soil is somewhat faster than the other herbicide and remained more residues in the soil, thus propachlor may lead to contamination of groundwater much more easily than the other three herbicides under normal condition.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班<br>106<br>This research presents the preparation of intermediates of methyl 3-(N-methylpropionate methyl)amino-4-methoxyacetanilide with a series of diazonium salts of long-chain alkyl, halogen and nitro groups. A number of disperse dyes are filtered out after the solution undergoes coupling reactions. TLC is then used to observe the presence of impurities. If it needs purification, the structure of the dye is to confirm by H-NMR, MASS, FTIR, etc. after purification. As mentioned above, disperse dyes and polyester fibers undergo supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing, and the K/S value, water wash tolerance, water resistant, perspiration resistance, friction resistance, and light fastness after dyeing are examined, judged and rated by the AATCC standard. It is then concluded whether the disperse dyes synthesis are suitable for supercritical dyeing. Dyeing results all kinds of fastnesses are in line with commercial standards, except that the light fastness is poor, but it can be improved by ultraviolet absorbers, and after the improvement, they all fall to approximately 3-4 grades.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>91<br>Alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor are widely used for controlling the weeds for decades. Because the large amount of use, these herbicides may cause contamination in ground water or soil. The purpose of this research is to isolate acetanilide herbicide-degrading bacteria from a long-term treatment tea garden soil. Moreover, the effect of herbicide concentrations and incubation temperatures on the degradation of alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor, respectively, by these strains were also investigated. Sixteen strains were isolated from the tea garden soil which amended with different green manures and acetanilide herbicides were able to degrade alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor, respectively. Of these isolates, Bacillus silvestris, Bacillus niacini, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus sp.(Met1), Bacillus sp. (Met2), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus simplex and Bacillus megaterium were identified as herbicide decomposers. The results of the herbicides degraded by strains incubated in three temperatures showed, the optimal incubation temperature is at 30℃. On the other hand, the degradation of amending 10 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml concentrations of herbicides indicated that bacteria showed a variety of activity in different herbicide concentrations. More than one acetanilide herbicides were able to be degraded by one strain in this study. Comparison of the degradation rate of 50 µg/ml concentration of herbicide for 119 days showed that B. cereus has the highest degradation ability of alachlor and propachlor. There are still 14% and 47% of alachlor and propachlor, respectively, remained in the incubation cultures. B. thuringiensis has the best degradation activity of degrading metolachlor. However, there is still 44% of metolachlor remaining in the culture after incubated for 119 days. The data presented herein demonstrates that most of these acetanilide herbicides-degrading bacteria belong to Bacillus sp., which implies that Bacillus sp. may play a major role in degrading acetanilide herbicides in tea garden.

PART I. A deuterium exchange analysis of 2,5-dihydroxyacetanilide (5) in the absence and presence of DHAE II was performed to test the nucleophilicity of the substrate in the absence and presence of catalyst. In addition, inhibition studies using 1,4-dihydroxybenzene were performed to determine the role that the N-acetyl side chain group plays in the formation of a stable substrate-enzyme complex. 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene was found to be a weak inhibitor, indicating that the N-acetyl functionality may play a crucial role in forming stable enzyme-substrate interactions. The synthesis of dihydroquinoline 7 was pursued to investigate the enzyme substrate interactions between DHAE and a substrate where the N-acetyl side chain has been fixed to a particular orientation. Efforts towards formation of the C6-C7 bond as a key step in the synthesis of dihydroquinoline 7 using palladium couplings, organocuprates, Lewis acid catalysts, and aza-Claisen reactions were pursued. To complement the results obtained, the electron distribution in amide 21 was calculated using Semi Empirical methods. The results revealed that the electron density in the aromatic ring is centered around C4, suggesting that this is the most nucleophilic carbon in the ring. PART II. Slagenins A (1), B (2), and C (3) were synthesized by β-functionalization of olefin 14. The desired tetrahydrofuroimidazolidin-2-one system was achieved by intramolecular oxidative addition of alcohol 4 to the imidazolone ring. When this reaction was carried out in the presence of methanol slagenins B (2) and C (3) were obtained in good yield. Heating 2 and 3 in aqueous acid gave slagenin A (1) as the sole product. (Z)-debromoaxinohydantoin (17) was synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of α-methoxy imidazolone 11b under acidic conditions followed by a double oxidation reaction to furnish the hydantoin-lactam functionality. These conditions were originally developed for a practical synthesis of the related alkaloid (Z)-debromohymenialdisine (20). A series of acid and base catalyzed reactions of imidazoles bearing an α-β unsaturated system or a β-halogen functionality showed that cyclizations via an S[subscript N]2 path favor formation of an oxazoline ring system. Preliminary studies using pyrrolocarboxamideacetals suggest that β-ketone 73 would be an appropriate substrate for the formation of the pyrrolopyrazine system in the agelastatins.<br>Graduation date: 2002

博士<br>國立交通大學<br>應用化學系<br>89<br>Abstract The self-association (dimerization) due to hydrogen bonding for some alcohols with bulky side chains, 2-isopropylphenol and acetanilide were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dilution shift data of OH or NH proton were measured and employed to determine the monomer shift, dimer shift and dimerization constant with the help of a graphic method. The enthalpy and entropy of dimerization were determined via a van’t Hoff plot from the temperature variation of the dimerization constant. This study includes three parts. Chapter 3 deals with the self-association of 2-isopropylphenol through hydrogen bonding in carbon tetrachloride, [2H6]acetone, [2H3]acetonitrile and [2H6]dimethyl sulphoxide. The proton dilution shifts of the hydroxyl group of 2-isopropylphenol in [2H6]acetone, [2H3]acetonitrile and [2H6]dimethyl sulphoxide do not change with increasing concentration, as opposed to in carbon tetrachloride From the concentration variation of the shift data, we conclude that the self-association of 2-isopropylphenol is more important in inert solvents while the hetero-association is more important in polar solvents. Chapter 4 deals with the study of the self-association of acetanilide through hydrogen bonding between N—H and O=C in the solvents [2H1]chloroform, [2H6]acetone, [2H3]acetonitrile and [2H6]dimethyl sulphoxide. We observed that the monomer and dimer shifts and dimerization constants all decrease with temperature in all these systems. Chapter 5 deals with the self-association (dimerization) due to hydrogen bonding for some alcohols with bulky side chains. The systems studied include 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol or 3-methyl-3-pentanol in [2H12]cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride or [2H1]chloroform, and 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol in carbon tetrachloride. Experimental results indicate that the value of of 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol and 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol in carbon tetrachloride decrease when increasing the aliphatic substituents on the pentanol group. The dimerization constants, the values of - and - of the self-association of 3-methyl-3-pentanol and 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol reduce with increasing dielectric constants of the solvent, that is, [2H12]cyclohexane > carbon tetrachloride > [2H1]chloroform.

O trabalho apresentado neste relatório provém do conhecimento adquirido e experienciado ao longo da passagem pelas três vertentes durante o estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas. O presente relatório encontra-se dividido em três capítulos, no qual cada capítulo diz respeito a cada uma das vertentes referidas anteriormente. No primeiro capítulo, é abordada a experiência profissional adquirida durante o estágio de farmácia comunitária, realizado na Farmácia Taborda, situada na cidade do Fundão. Assim, procede-se à descrição de todos os competências e conhecimentos adquiridos durante o estágio, tendo em conta a informação descrita nas Boas Práticas em Farmácia Comunitária e a legislação regente da atividade. No segundo capítulo, faz-se referência à experiência profissional adquirida durante o estágio da farmácia hospitalar desenvolvido no Hospital Sousa Martins da Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, encontrando-se descritas as atividades realizadas durante o estágio, relativamente ao papel desempenhado pelo farmacêutico hospitalar, conforme o descrito na legislação em vigor. No terceiro capítulo encontra-se descrito o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido no Laboratório de “Síntese Orgânica” do Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências e no Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS) durante o último ano de frequência universitária. O alvo deste trabalho foi a síntese, caracterização estrutural e avaliação citotóxica de orto-(alquiltio)acetanilidas. Deste modo, foram sintetizadas, e totalmente caracterizadas por RMN de 1H e 13C, FTIR e HRMS (FAB), cinco novas orto-(alquiltio)acetanilidas. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a citotoxicidade in vitro destas alquiltioacetanilidas e de um conjunto de outras orto-(alquilcalcogénio)acetanilidas relacionadas, num total de vinte acetanilidas representativas, nas linhas celulares de células epiteliais humanas do cancro da mama (MCF-7), células do adenocarcinoma da próstata (LNCaP) e fibroblastos normais da derme humana (NHDF). Dos resultados obtidos, realça-se a atividade antiproliferativa potente das benzil-, (2-metil)benzil- e hexil-acetanilidas nas linhas celulares cancerígenas, com destaque nas LNCaP.<br>The work presented in this document comes from the knowledge acquired during the three parts developed at the final stage of the Integrated Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Hence, this internship report is divided into three chapters, each one resultant from one of the parts mentioned above. The first chapter deals with the professional experience acquired during the internship conducted in the Taborda Pharmacy, located in Fundão city. It describes all knowledge and skills acquired, taking in consideration the Good Practices in Community Pharmacy and the Pharmaceutical activity regulator laws. The second chapter describes all the experience acquired during the internship developed at Local Health Unit Sousa Martins Hospital in Guarda city. Therefore, the activities undertaken during this internship part are described within this report regarding the role played by hospital pharmacist, as described in the actual legislation. In the third chapter, the research activities developed at “Organic Synthesis Laboratory” located on Chemical Department of Faculty of Sciences and at Health Sciences Research Centre are reported. The aim of this work was the synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxic evaluation of orto-(alkylthio)acetanilides. Therefore, five new orto-(alkylthio)acetanilides were synthetized and fully characterized by 1H e 13C, FTIR e HRMS (FAB). Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of these thioacetanilides and a set of others related orto-(alkylcalcogens)acetanilides in a total of twenty compounds against human breast (MCF-7) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell lines as well as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were also evaluated. Interestingly a selective antiproliferative activity was observed for cancerous cells with proeminence to LNCaP within the most potent O- and/or N-benzylic and -hexyl acetanilides.