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Journal articles on the topic 'Acetic acid hydrogenation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mashi, Ahmed Lawal, and Muhammad Sulaiman Rahama. "Optimization of process factors using the Taguchi method of DOE towards the hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 31, no. 1 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2020-0008.

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AbstractThis paper reports the optimization of process factors using the Taguchi method towards the conversion of acetic acid and ethanol yield during the hydrogenation of acetic acid over 4% Pt/TiO2. The acidity of 4% Pt/TiO2 was characterized using NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption analysis (NH3-TPD). Afterwards, the effect of temperature on the hydrogenation of acetic acid as an individual feed was investigated. The reaction space explored in the following ranges: temperature 80-200 °C, pressure 10-40 bar, time 1-4 h, catalyst 0.1-0.4 g and stirring speed 400-1000 min−1 using 4% Pt/TiO2

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2

Zhao, Yuanyuan, Kansei Konishi, Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka, and Haruo Kawamoto. "Hydrogenation of Aqueous Acetic Acid over Ru-Sn/TiO2 Catalyst in a Flow-Type Reactor, Governed by Reverse Reaction." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111270.

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Ru-Sn/TiO2 is an effective catalyst for hydrogenation of aqueous acetic acid to ethanol. In this paper, a similar hydrogenation process was investigated in a flow-type rather than a batch-type reactor. The optimum temperature was 170 °C for the batch-type reactor because of gas production at higher temperatures; however, for the flow-type reactor, the ethanol yield increased with reaction temperature up to 280 °C and then decreased sharply above 300 °C, owing to an increase in the acetic acid recovery rate. The selectivity for ethanol formation was improved over the batch process, and an ethan

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3

Zhou, Minghao, Peng Liu, Kui Wang, Junming Xu, and Jianchun Jiang. "Catalytic hydrogenation and one step hydrogenation-esterification to remove acetic acid for bio-oil upgrading: model reaction study." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 21 (2016): 7783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy01792d.

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4

RACHMADY, W., and M. VANNICE. "Acetic acid hydrogenation over supported platinum catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 192, no. 2 (2000): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2000.2863.

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5

Pestman, R., R. M. Koster, and V. Ponec. "Selective hydrogenation of acetic acid towards acetaldehyde." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 113, no. 10 (1994): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19941131004.

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6

Makolkin, N. V., E. A. Paukshtis, V. V. Kaichev, et al. "Key intermediates in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids over Pt-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 22, no. 2 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2022-2-18-24.

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The reactivity of different forms of adsorbed acetic acid on the Pt-ReOx/TiO2 catalyst was studied. To this end, in situ FTIR spectroscopy at T = 200 °С was used to identify three forms of adsorbed acetic acid: bidentate acetates and two forms of molecularly adsorbed acetic acid (1645–1653 and 1700–1720 cm–1). Rate constants for the consumption of two forms of molecularly adsorbed acetic acid, which are equal to 0.029 and 0.02 s–1, respectively, were found to be close to the rate constant of the catalytic reaction equal to 0.034 s–1, which was measured at T = 200 °С. It was concluded that two

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7

Chen, Qiang, Xuebing Zhang, Shuxun Tian, et al. "Kinetics of Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid to Ethanol." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 12 (2019): 2915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22277.

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The intrinsic kinetic behaviour of catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid in vapour phase was studied over a multi-metallic catalyst. The rate expression was derived from the sequence of elementary reaction steps based on a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-model involving two types of active sites. Experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, which is similar to an isothermal integral reactor designed to excluding the negative effects of internal and external diffusion. The reaction conditions investigated were as follow:reaction temperature 275-325 ºC, reaction pressure1.5-3.0 MPa, liquid hourly

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8

Zhang, Minhua, Rui Yao, Haoxi Jiang, Guiming Li, and Yifei Chen. "Catalytic activity of transition metal doped Cu(111) surfaces for ethanol synthesis from acetic acid hydrogenation: a DFT study." RSC Advances 7, no. 3 (2017): 1443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26373a.

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9

Zhou, Jiahua, Yujun Zhao, Jian Zhang, et al. "A nitrogen-doped PtSn nanocatalyst supported on hollow silica spheres for acetic acid hydrogenation." Chemical Communications 54, no. 64 (2018): 8818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03649g.

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10

Chen, Yifei, Ziwei Zhai, Jiatao Liu, Jia Zhang, Zhongfeng Geng, and Huisheng Lyu. "The synergistic effects of Cu clusters and In2O3 on ethanol synthesis from acetic acid hydrogenation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 43 (2019): 23906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04766b.

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11

Dühren, Ricarda, Peter Kucmierczyk, Carolin Schneider, Ralf Jackstell, Robert Franke, and Matthias Beller. "Ruthenium-catalysed domino hydroformylation–hydrogenation–esterification of olefins." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 17 (2021): 5777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy01113h.

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Aliphatic esters are made easily from acetic acid, olefins, and synthesis gas. In the presence of ruthenium–phosphine complexes novel domino-hydroformylation–hydrogenation–esterification proceeds in moderate to good yields.

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12

Lyu, Huisheng, Jiatao Liu, Yifei Chen, Guiming Li, Haoxi Jiang, and Minhua Zhang. "Effect of surface oxygen vacancy sites on ethanol synthesis from acetic acid hydrogenation on a defective In2O3(110) surface." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 10 (2018): 7156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07568e.

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13

Olcay, Hakan, Ye Xu, and George W. Huber. "Effects of hydrogen and water on the activity and selectivity of acetic acid hydrogenation on ruthenium." Green Chem. 16, no. 2 (2014): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc00011k.

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14

He, Shuwen, C. Scott Shultz, Zhong Lai, et al. "Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation to access spiroindane dimethyl acetic acid." Tetrahedron Letters 52, no. 28 (2011): 3621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.029.

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15

Sun, Qiushi, Xiaofeng Wang, Benxian Li, et al. "Acetic Acid Assistant Hydrogenation of Graphene Sheets with Ferromagnetism." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 34, no. 3 (2018): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40242-018-8001-9.

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16

Kurz, Thomas, Detlef Geffken, and Claudia Wackendorff. "Carboxylic Acid Analogues of Fosmidomycin." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 5 (2003): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0517.

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N-Alkylation of N-Boc-O-benzylhydroxylamine (1) with benzyl 4-bromobutyrate (2) in DMF gave N,O-bisprotected benzyl 4-hydroxyamino-butyrate (3), which was converted into 4-benzyloxyamino-butyric acid benzyl ester (4) with TFA in methylene chloride. Treatment of 4 with formic acid/acetic anhydride or various acid chlorides followed by catalytic hydrogenation led to 4-(N-acyl-N-hydroxyamino)-butyric acids 6.

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17

Zhang, Ke, Haitao Zhang, Hongfang Ma, Weiyong Ying, and Dingye Fang. "The effect of preparation method on the performance of PtSn/Al2O3 catalysts for acetic acid hydrogenation." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0003.

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Abstract PtSn/Al2O3 catalysts with a given loading of 1 wt% Pt and 1 wt% Sn were prepared by co-impregnation or successive impregnation with aqueous solutions of Pt, Sn precursors and a commercial alumina. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption, H2-TPR (H2 temperature-programmed reduction), H2-pulse chemisorption, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and CO-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and tested in the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The results showed that the preparation method affected both the chemical properties and their performance in the hydrogenation of

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18

Kuziv, S., O. Shablykina, and V. Khilya. "METHYL ESTER OF {2-[2-CYANO-2-(4-NITROPHENYL)VINYL]PHENOXY}ACETIC ACID IN REDUCTION PROCESSES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 2(54) (2017): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2017.2(54).14.

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3-(Het)aryl-3-(2-alkoxyphenyl)acrylonitriles are very practical polyfunctional molecules for organic synthesis; in particular difficult objects with near placed active groups can be easy obtained by the reduction of 3-(het)aryl-3-(2-alkoxyphenyl)acrylonitriles fragments. But now only reduction of activated C=C bond in such molecules mostly investigated. Previously it was shown by us that the action of sodium borohydride on esters of {2-[2-cyano-2-(4-nitrophenyl)vinyl]phenoxy}acetic acid caused not only saturation of C=C bond but also reduction of ester group to alcohol. So the results of reduc

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19

Lawal, Ahmed M., Abarasi Hart, Helen Daly, Christopher Hardacre, and Joseph Wood. "Kinetics of Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid over Supported Platinum Catalyst." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 6 (2019): 5551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01062.

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20

Olcay, Hakan, Lijun Xu, Ye Xu, and George W. Huber. "Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid over Transition Metal Catalysts." ChemCatChem 2, no. 11 (2010): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000134.

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21

Kwan, Amanda L., and Robert H. Morris. "A Plausible Mechanism for the Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of a Bulky N-Aryl Imine in the (S)-Metolachlor Process." Molecules 27, no. 16 (2022): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165106.

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The hydrogenation of N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-imine is the largest-scale asymmetric catalytic process for the industrial production of agrochemical (S)-metolachlor. The challenging hydrogenation across the sterically crowded carbon–nitrogen double bond was achieved using a mixture of [IrCl(COD)]2, (R,SFc)-Xyliphos, NBu4I and acetic acid. Acetic acid was critical in achieving excellent productivity and activity. Despite its industrial significance, a mechanism that explains how the sterically hindered bond in the imine is reduced has yet to be proposed. We propose a plausibl

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22

Tountian, Dihourahouni, Anne Brisach-Wittmeyer, Paul Nkeng, Gérard Poillerat, and Hugues Ménard. "On the efficiency of phenol and cyclohexanone electrocatalytic hydrogenation — Effect of conditioning and working pH in acetic acid solution on palladium/fluorine-doped tin dioxide supported catalyst." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 5 (2010): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-020.

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The electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenol and cyclohexanone was performed on a conductive Pd/SnO2:F catalyst. The catalyst was obtained by the impregnation method. We studied the influence of the pH of the supporting electrolyte, the conditioning pH, and the quantity of the conditioning charge passed before hydrogenation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the functionalization of the catalyst surface by the acetic acid electrolyte depends on the pH. A direct correlation was observed between the efficiency of the hydrogenation, the pH of the electrolyte, and

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23

Shih, Yen-Shiang, and Chang-Keng Lee. "Kinetics of the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid to Ethanol." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 32, no. 1 (1985): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.198500006.

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24

Makolkin, N. V., H. U. Kim, E. A. Paukshtis, J. Jae, and B. S. Bal’zhinimaev. "The reactivity of platinum hydrides in the selective hydrogenation of acetic acid over Pt-ReOx/TiO2 catalysts." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 20, no. 6 (2020): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2020-6-426-432.

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In situ DRIFTS was employed to investigate the reaction of hydrogen with supported subnanometer Pt-ReOx species that are active in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids. Absorption bands of platinum hydrides in the region of 2025–2043 cm–1 were detected; high reactivity of the hydrides toward the adsorbed acetic acid was revealed. In the process, the absorption band of platinum hydride shifted to high frequencies and increased in intensity due to the influence of adjacent acetates on the electronic state of platinum. It was found that in a hydrogen medium the intensity of platinum hydride band

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25

Šídová, Romana, Karel Stránský, Alexander Kasal, Barbora Slavíková, and Ladislav Kohout. "Long-Range Effect of 17-Substituents in 3-Oxo Steroids on 4,5-Double Bond Hydrogenation." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 10 (1998): 1528–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19981528.

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The long-range effect of substituents in the 17-position on the hydrogenation of double bond of the steroidal ∆4-3-ketones in acetic acid on a platinum catalyst is described in a series of testosterone (1) and epitestosterone (5) esters with carboxylic acids of varying alkyl chain length. The ratio 5α- to 5β-products is affected by the nature of substituents in the position 17.

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26

Reddymasu, Sreenivasulu, Hatti Islavathu, Venkata Sri Ranganath Kalluri, and Ramesh Raju Rudraraju. "Asymmetric hydrogenation of N-heterocycles with sodium cyanoborohydride and S-(–)-binol." Journal of Indian Chemical Society 93, Oct 2016 (2016): 1217–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639391.

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Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India <em>E-mail</em> : rrrau1@gmail.com Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Viswavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India <em>Manuscript received online 12 February 2016, accepted 22 May 2016</em> Asymmetric hydrogenation of indole-3-aldehydes, indazole-3-aldehyde and aza indole-3-aldehydes with sodium cyanoborohydride and S-binol under glac. acetic acid over a period of 1–2 h gave enantiomeric excess of 3-substituted 2,3-dihydro alcohols in good yields. This i

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27

Melnykov, Sergii V., Andrii S. Pataman, Yurii V. Dmytriv, Svitlana V. Shishkina, Mykhailo V. Vovk, and Volodymyr A. Sukach. "Regioselective decarboxylative addition of malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters to 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (December 7, 2017): 2617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.259.

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Background: Due to the high reactivity towards various C-nucleophiles, trifluoromethylketimines are known to be useful reagents for the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated amine derivatives. However, decarboxylative reactions with malonic acid and its mono(thio)esters have been poorly investigated so far despite the potential to become a convenient route to β-trifluoromethyl-β-amino acid derivatives and to their partially saturated heterocyclic analogues. Results: In this paper we show that 4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, unique heterocyclic ketimines, react with malonic acid under organ

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28

Xu, Guozhen, Jian Zhang, Shengping Wang, Yujun Zhao, and Xinbin Ma. "A well fabricated PtSn/SiO2 catalyst with enhanced synergy between Pt and Sn for acetic acid hydrogenation to ethanol." RSC Advances 6, no. 56 (2016): 51005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09199g.

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29

Liu, Jiatao, Huisheng Lyu, Yifei Chen, Guiming Li, Haoxi Jiang, and Minhua Zhang. "Insights into the mechanism of ethanol synthesis and ethyl acetate inhibition from acetic acid hydrogenation over Cu2In(100): a DFT study." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, no. 41 (2017): 28083–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04364c.

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30

Yoshimaru, Shotaro, Masaaki Sadakiyo, Nobutaka Maeda, et al. "Support Effect of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Ethanol Production through Acetic Acid Hydrogenation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 17 (2021): 19992–20001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c01100.

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31

Liu, Liping, Kai Wang, Jing Bai, Shuqi Fang, Junying Chen, and Hongliang Li. "Calculation study on acetic acid selective hydrogenation to ethanol for bio-oil upgrading." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 153, no. 2 (2018): 022042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/2/022042.

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32

Yamashita, Masayuki, Nobuyuki Negoro, Tsuneo Yasuma, and Toru Yamano. "Preparation of (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic Acid via Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 87, no. 4 (2014): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20130324.

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33

Sutyinszki, Mária, and Imre Bucsi. "Hydrogenation of a- and b-isocinchonines on Pt-alumina catalyst in acetic acid." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 84, no. 1 (2005): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-005-0021-z.

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34

Sutyinszki, Mária, та Imre Bucsi. "Hydrogenation of α- and β-isocinchonines on Pt-alumina catalyst in acetic acid". Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 84, № 1 (2005): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-005-0204-7.

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35

Wang, Zhiqiang, Guangyi Li, Xiaoyan Liu, et al. "Aqueous phase hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol over Ir-MoOx/SiO2 catalyst." Catalysis Communications 43 (January 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2013.09.007.

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36

Yates, Peter, and Magdy Kaldas. "The synthesis of norbornanes with functionalized carbon substituents at a bridgehead. 1-(3-Oxonorborn-1-yl)ethanone and 1-(3-oxonorborn-1-yl)-2-propanone." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 5 (1992): 1492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-185.

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Treatment of 2-norobornene-1-carboxylic acid (7) with one equivalent of methyllithium in ether followed by a second molar equivalent after dilution with tetrahydrofuran gave 1-(norborn-2-en-lyl)ethanone (10) and only a trace of the tertiary alcohol 11. Reaction of 7 with formic acid followed by hydrolysis gave a 4:3 mixture of exo-3- and exo-2-hydroxynorbornane-1-carboxylic acid (16 and 17), whereas oxymercuration–demercuration gave only the exo-3-hydroxy isomer 16. Oxidation of 16 and 17 gave 3- and 2-oxonorbornane-1-carboxylic acid (27 and 29), respectively. Oxymercuration–demercuration of 1

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37

Wan, Haijun, Raghunath V. Chaudhari, and Bala Subramaniam. "Aqueous Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid and Its Promotional Effect on p-Cresol Hydrodeoxygenation." Energy & Fuels 27, no. 1 (2012): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef301400c.

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38

Zhang, Minhua, Rui Yao, Haoxi Jiang, Guiming Li, and Yifei Chen. "Insights into the mechanism of acetic acid hydrogenation to ethanol on Cu(111) surface." Applied Surface Science 412 (August 2017): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.03.222.

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39

Anh, Hoang, Olga V. Lefedova, and Alexandra V. Belova. "INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES OF ACID ON STAGE OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF 4-NITRO-2'-HYDROXY-5'-METHYLASOBENZENE ON SKELETONIC NICKEL IN WATER SOLUTION OF 2-PROPANOL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 7 (2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206307.5921.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the reaction kinetics of hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene in an aqueous solution of 2-propanol with acetic acid addition on skeletal nickel at different initial quantity of the starting compound. Clarification of the sequence of transformations of compounds containing several reactive groups, and the development of approaches to controlling the selectivity of processes with their participation is a practically significant task. According to the data obtained, at both low and high initial concentrations the hydrogenation of 4-nitr

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40

Zhang, Ke, Haitao Zhang, Hongfang Ma, Weiyong Ying, and Dingye Fang. "Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid Over PtSn/Al2O3 Catalyst: Effect of Shaping Method, Kinetics and Stability." Asian Journal of Chemistry 27, no. 4 (2015): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.17635.

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41

Zhou, Mingchuan, Haitao Zhang, Hongfang Ma, and Weiyong Ying. "The catalytic properties of K modified PtSn/Al2O3 catalyst for acetic acid hydrogenation to ethanol." Fuel Processing Technology 144 (April 2016): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.12.022.

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42

Dong, Xiuqin, Junwei Lei, Yifei Chen, Haoxi Jiang, and Minhua Zhang. "Selective hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol on Cu-In catalyst supported by SBA-15." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 244 (May 2019): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.062.

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43

Zhao, Yuanyuan, Takayuki Nishida, Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka, and Haruo Kawamoto. "TiO2-supported Ni-Sn as an effective hydrogenation catalyst for aqueous acetic acid to ethanol." Energy Reports 6 (November 2020): 2249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.007.

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44

Olcay, Hakan, Lijun Xu, Ye Xu, and George W. Huber. "Cover Picture: Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid over Transition Metal Catalysts (ChemCatChem 11/2010)." ChemCatChem 2, no. 11 (2010): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201090043.

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45

Ronchin, L., L. Toniolo, and G. Cavinato. "Hydrogenation of mandelic acid derivatives to the corresponding phenyl acetic acid derivative catalysed by Pd/C. A kinetic study." Applied Catalysis A: General 165, no. 1-2 (1997): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00196-8.

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46

Erdőhelyi, András. "Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide on Supported Rh Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020155.

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The constant increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere requires us to look for opportunities to convert CO2 into more valuable compounds. In this review, the activity and selectivity of different supported metal catalysts were compared in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, and found that Rh is one of the best samples. The possibility of the CO2 dissociation on clean metal and on supported Rh was discussed separately. The hydrogenation of CO2 produces mainly CH4 and CO, but the selectivity of the reaction is affected by the support, in some cases the reduction of the support, the pa

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47

Makolkin, N. V., H. U. Kim, E. A. Paukshtis, J. Jae, and B. S. Bal’zhinimaev. "Reactivity of Platinum Hydrides in the Selective Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid on Pt–ReOx/TiO2 Catalysts." Catalysis in Industry 12, no. 4 (2020): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s207005042004011x.

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48

Zeng, Jimin, Ming Zhao, Junyu Liang, et al. "Direct Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid in Bio-Oil with the Transition and Noble Metal-Loaded Catalysts." Journal of Bioprocess Engineering and Biorefinery 2, no. 4 (2013): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbeb.2013.1067.

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49

Zhou, Mingchuan, Haitao Zhang, Hongfang Ma, and Weiyong Ying. "Kinetic Modeling of Acetic Acid Hydrogenation to Ethanol over K-Modified PtSn Catalyst Supported on Alumina." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 56, no. 31 (2017): 8833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01859.

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Zhang, Ke, Haitao Zhang, Hongfang Ma, Weiyong Ying, and Dingye Fang. "Effect of Sn Addition in Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid on Alumina Supported PtSn Catalysts." Catalysis Letters 144, no. 4 (2014): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1210-z.

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