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1

Ijem, Blessing U., and Isaiah I. Agbo. "Language and Gender Representation in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart." English Language Teaching 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n11p55.

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This article examines the linguistic construction of gender in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It shows how this reflects the social reality of the relationships between women and men in society, which is firstly structured in the unconscious mind. The examination of language use in constructing genders in the novel is important as it unveils the relationships between the male and the female in society. This is because gender representation is influenced by unconscious and hidden desires in man. This study specifically examines Achebe’s use of grammatical categories in the construction of the male and female genders in Things Fall Apart. To this end, it reflects the pre-colonial Igbo society in its socially stratified mode, which language served as the instrument for both exclusion and oppression of women. This article shows that the male and female genders dance unequal dance in a socially, politically and economically stratified society where the generic male gender wields untold influence over women in that pre-colonial Igbo society. The study further shows that Achebe used language in Things Fall Apart to glorify masculine gender while portraying the female gender as docile, foolish, weak and irresponsible second-class citizen.
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2

Salami, Ali, and Bamshad Hekmatshoar Tabari. "IGBO NAMING COSMOLOGY AND NAMESYMBOLIZATION IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S TETRALOGY." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.2.

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Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God and A Man of the People, the first four novels by Chinua Achebe, the contemporary Nigerian novelist, are among the most outstanding works of African postcolonial literature. As a matter of fact, each of these four novels focuses on a different colonial or postcolonial phase of history in Nigeria and through them Achebe intends to provide an authentic record of the negative and positive impacts of ‘hybridity’ on different aspects of the life of native subjects. Briefly stated, Achebe is largely successful in taking advantages of variable discursive tools he structures based on the potentials of the hybrid, Igbo-English he adopts. Thus, it might be deduced that reading these four novels in line with each other, and as chains or sequels of Tetralogy, might result in providing a more vivid picture of the Nigerian (African) subjects and the identity crises emerging in them as a result of colonization. To provide an account of the matter, the present study seeks to focus on one of the discursive strategies Achebe relies on in those four novels: Igbo Naming Cosmology and Name-symbolization.
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3

Salami, Ali, and Bamshad Hekmatshoar Tabari. "IGBO NAMING COSMOLOGY AND NAMESYMBOLIZATION IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S TETRALOGY." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.2.

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Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God and A Man of the People, the first four novels by Chinua Achebe, the contemporary Nigerian novelist, are among the most outstanding works of African postcolonial literature. As a matter of fact, each of these four novels focuses on a different colonial or postcolonial phase of history in Nigeria and through them Achebe intends to provide an authentic record of the negative and positive impacts of ‘hybridity’ on different aspects of the life of native subjects. Briefly stated, Achebe is largely successful in taking advantages of variable discursive tools he structures based on the potentials of the hybrid, Igbo-English he adopts. Thus, it might be deduced that reading these four novels in line with each other, and as chains or sequels of Tetralogy, might result in providing a more vivid picture of the Nigerian (African) subjects and the identity crises emerging in them as a result of colonization. To provide an account of the matter, the present study seeks to focus on one of the discursive strategies Achebe relies on in those four novels: Igbo Naming Cosmology and Name-symbolization.
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4

Yusuf, Adi Yusuf. "Postcolonialism in Africa Based on Colonialism Analysis in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart." Diglossia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan 8, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/diglossia.v8i2.861.

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Adi YusufUniversitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum Jombangadiyusuf@fbs.unipdu.ac.id AbstractOne of the interesting things in the study of literary works is to explore the representation of a literary work itself to the culture of real life. More specifically, when it is related to the history – in this case, the condition of precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial times. This article discusses postcolonialism analysis on Things fall Apart by Achebe. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. It is found that the novel represents “precolonial tribal” life in Africa: earning a living by farming land and keeping the cattle, diverse cultural backgrounds including belief of traditional religion. Then, the things lost as a result of colonial contact are “religious practice and government”. Then, Colonizers’ strategies in indoctrinating the native population to their way of thinking include building a school, convincing the society of the importance of education for the future generation, and building the court for judgement and protection. There are some reasons that make colonizers’ successful, they are: they make mutual benefit of trading, use a soft way to spread the belief, and use an innovative way to link the religion and the education. Furthermore, after colonialism, Africa experiences mixed reaction of religious practice, education becomes the key to get success in career, two ways of healers: the traditional African healers i.e. “using ritual and herbal remedies and modern cures, hospital, and the establishment of Courts of Justice and Human Rights”.Keywords: precolonial life, positive effects, negative effects, postcolonialism. AbstrakSalah satu hal yang menarik dalam studi karya sastra ialah mengeksplorasi representasi karya sastra itu sendiri dengan budaya kehidupan nyata, lebih khusus lagi, ketika dikaitkan dengan sejarah - dalam hal ini, kondisi pada saat pra-kolonial, kolonial, dan postkolonial. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang postkolonialisme pada novel Things Fall Apart oleh Achebe. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah deskriptif qualitative. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa novel tersebut merepresentasikan kehidupan suku “precolonial di Afrika”: mencari nafkah dengan bertani dan memelihara binatang ternak, latar belakang budaya yang beragam termasuk keyakinan agama tradisional. Hal-hal yang hilang/ negatif akibat dari kontak kolonial pada penduduk asli yaitu “praktik agama dan pemerintahan”. Ada tiga strategi yang dilakukan oleh penjajah dalam mengindoktrinir penduduk asli terhadap cara berpikir mereka antara lain: “membangun sebuah sekolah, meyakinkan masyarakat akan pentingnya pendidikan bagi generasi masa depan, dan membangun pengadilan untuk mencari keadilan dan perlindungan”. Penjajah sukses karena mereka mengadakan “perdagangan yang saling menguntungkan, menggunakan cara yang lembut untuk menyebarkan keyakinan, dan menggunakan cara yang inovatif untuk menghubungkan antara agama dan pendidikan”. Beberapa efek dari kolonialisme tersebut antara lain: (1) terdapat beberapa agama di Afrika, (2) pendidikan menjadi kunci untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan dalam karir, (3) ada dua cara penyembuhan: (1.penyembuhan tradisional Afrika yaitu menggunakan ritual dan herbal, dan 2. obat modern, rumah sakit), dan (4) pendirian Pengadilan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.Kata Kunci: kehidupan prekolonial, efek negatif, efek positif, postkolonial
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5

Varadharajan, T. S., and Dr K. Ramesh. "Okonkwo’s Fall: Multiple Perspectives." World Journal of Educational Research 3, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v3n1p151.

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<p><em>This article aims at exploring the causes of the fall of Okonkwo, the protagonist of the Nigerian Novel</em><em>.</em><em> Things Fall </em><em>A</em><em>part by the renowned novelist, Chinua Achebe. Though the novel mainly deals with the fall of Igbo Culture where Okonkwo has played the sheet anchor role in the novel, Things Fall Apart at the hands of British establishment in Nigeria, the other vital reasons that make him vulnerable will also be discussed at length in this article. It is from the study of the novel, it is established that the Igbo society that refuses to change itself could be one of the reasons for the fall. However, it is very clear that the changes should take place spontaneously and not by force which the Igbo society has been the victim and the representative, Okonkwo its scapegoat. The writers of the article make sure that the reading of this article will be an eye opener in terms of Nigerian consciousness as revealed in the novel, Things Fall Apart. </em></p>
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6

Purnomosasi, Lusia Kristiasih Dwi, Vastukencana Sih Gita Garudatama, and Sigit Ricahyono. "“US” AND “THEM” IN THINGS FALL APART BY CHINUA ACHEBE: A CRITICAL FUNCTIONAL APPROACH OF OTHERING." Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal) 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/she.v2i1.8610.

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“Us” and “them” or othering often brings about world’s most feared phenomenon, xenophobia. This qualitative study purposes to disclose attitudinal strategies used in Chinua Achebe’s “things Fall Apart”. An excerpt from it was analysed through the “APPRAISAL”, especially the “ATTITUDE”, and ‘PERIODICITY” theories. Results reveal that “us” is framed with 4 (+) values and only 2 in (-) while “them” is constructed through only 1 (+) value and 3 (-). The vast majority of the attitudinal strategies used is “Jdg.”, occurring 7 times making up 70%. The other which emerges is “Apr.” which appears only 3 times and contributes 30%. As commonly held, “us” is narrated in more favors and fewer negatives and “them” in the opposite way to achieve planned hidden goals of persuasion.
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7

Chakravertty, Neeru. "A Question of Dignity-A Comparative and Historical Study of Chinua Achebe's 'Things Fall Apart' and Kalyan Rao's 'Untouchable Spring'." International Journal of Historical Insight and Research 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/ijhir.2021.07.01.001.

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Abstract: Chinua Achebe and Kalyan Rao, the Nigerian and the Telugu Dalit writers, authors of two groundbreaking novels, Things Fall Apart and Untouchable Spring, belong to two different socio-cultural traditions and historical contexts. Both are the products and chroniclers of societies that faced oppression and exploitation as well as literary misrepresentation. The individual identity, humanity and dignity of their people was negated through stereotypical and superficial portrayals in popular imagination and dominant discourses. Both writers seek to restore the dignity and self-respect of their communities through the two novels that interrogate negative and inauthentic representations and provide challenging, alternative perspectives. They are simultaneous narratives of protest and assertion and choose similar narrative thrust points to achieve their objectives.
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8

Kaur, Gurnoor. "Clash of Ideas and Sensibility in the writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3i1.349.

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The topic of this case study is Clash of ideas and sensibility in writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe. I have portrayed how both the authors have represented Africa in their writings. Joseph Conrad is a European whereas Chinua Achebe is an African. Both of them have contrary views about the people of Africa and Africa as a country. Both show some of the effects that the white colonists had on the area, and the influence they had on the natives. In Heart of Darkness, we see the influence of Kurtz over the natives at the Inner Station, where they revered him almost as a god. At the other stations, we also see the natives being affected by the white colonists, changing their ways of living around the station, and following what the white men's command, for the most part. In Things Fall Apart, we see this in Okonkwo’s home village, where the white colonists set up a District Commissioner (D.C), and the natives bend to the laws he sets, even helping him enforce them. This completely changes their previous way of life.
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9

Houndjo, Théophile. "The Double Failure of the Master and the Slave Highlighted in Selected Works by Chinua Achebe and Amma Darko." International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2018.32.91.104.

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Colonization was sealed by the Berlin Conference in 1885 and represents the second main stage in the contact between Africa and Europe after slave trade. The aftermaths of colonization are still noticeable in Africa and will still be in the future. Although many documents, through ages, have dealt with what the relationships between Europe and Africa have usually been some African novelists have also dealt with either the colonization of their continent or its aftermath or both. Among them are Chinua Achebe and Amma Darko. This paper, based on Things Fall Apart and No Longer At Ease by Chinua Achebe, and on Beyond The Horizon by Amma Darko, aims at pointing out the failures of both the colonizer and the colonized. Marxism as a literary theory and the qualitative analysis approach have enabled me to realize that the two novels by Achebe and the one Amma Darko under study depict, in one way or the other, the socio-political and religious situations in most black (African) countries from pre-colonial to the post-independence periods. The study has reached the following conclusions. First both Europeans Africans are responsible for the underdevelopment situation Africa has experienced so far which is a failure. Then the Europeans’ failure to prevent by all costs Africans from immigrating to their continent. Last Africans’ failure to adopt adequate political and economic systems that can help develop their continent, compelling then their fellows to emigrate to Europe, where most of them end in despair and misery.
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10

Hezam, Abdulrahman Mokbel Mahyoub. "Alienation and Betrayal: A Comparative Study of Okonkwo and Said Mahran." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0608.02.

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The study aims at tracing out the analogous creative credo Chinua Achebe and Naguib Mahfouz share and decipher it through their novels Things Fall Apart and The Thief and the Dogs. The focus is on examining alienation and betrayal as two of the recurring themes in modern novel in general and Third World novel in particular. One of the objectives of the study is to show how social change affects the lives of the protagonists in both novels in two societies that undergo a transition resulting, in varying degrees. These novelists present a painstaking study of the effects of this change on the sensibility of Okonkwo and Said Mahran which shows their understanding of the social forces at work at the time and their skill in using their knowledge of human psychology to develop their central characters Okonkwo and Said. The comparative methodology is used to understand the reaction of both men to the social changes around them in the light of their personalities and their social background.
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11

Onunkwo, Chibuzo, and Nwaka Caroline Olubunmi. "Freud’s Return of the Repressed and Conflict in Achebe’s Arrow of God." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.4p.26.

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Chinua Achebe is widely acclaimed as the father of modern African Literature. His works of literature are read beyond the shores of Africa. Although Things Fall Apart, created renewed interest in the study of African Literature, Arrow of God, is affirmed by critics as the most complex of Achebe’s writing in terms of plot development, characterization and setting. Scholars have studied the text in terms of the demise of traditional African society by the imposing force of colonialism. For some of the critics, Ezeulu is seen as a representative figure that is destroyed while defending the cause of his community. This paper takes a different perspective on the various studies of the work. It attempts to discuss conflict in Arrow of God using Sigmund Freud’s idea of return of the repressed. Conflict is a situation in which people, groups, or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument. In this study we shall discuss the various shades of conflict under the following category: Ezeulu in conflict with himself, with his deity and the community using Freud’s concept of return of the repressed as a theoretical tool that controls this discussion.
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12

Yaqub, Humaira, and Aleem Shakir. "A Corpus-Based Study of Hypotactic and Paratactic Thematic Relations in English and Urdu Clause Complexes." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 5 (September 24, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p430.

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The present research inquires the paratactic and hypotactic thematic relations in terms of their grammatical realization, functional significance (Halliday, 1994) and thematic progression (McCabe, 1999). In the paratactic clause complexes, two or more independent clauses are joined by the coordinating conjunctions while in the hypotactic clause complexes, two or more independent and dependent clauses are joined by the subordinating conjunctions. The specific objectives of this research are: (1) to define the grammatical realization of paratactic and hypotactic thematic structures in the English and the Urdu texts, (2) to describe the functional significance of paratactic and hypotactic thematic structures particular to information flow and thematic progression in the English and the Urdu texts, and (3) to discuss how effectively the paratactic and hypotactic thematic structures in the English text have been translated into the Urdu text. The English text, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and its translated Urdu text, Bikharti Duniya by Ikram Ullah have been selected for this study. These texts have been annotated through the annotation scheme of UAM Corpus Tool (O&rsquo;Donnell, 2008). The results reveal that the Urdu text uses multiple equivalents of conjunction either paratactic or hypotactic in the English text. Thematic progression patterns in both texts are mostly constant, linear and peripheral. The unmotivated displacement of paratactic and hypotactic themes causes ambiguity and change the information flow in the Urdu text. The present research is significant to support the systemic functional grammar of Urdu taking into account of English.
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13

Winda N, Chintya, Jumino Suhadi, and Purwarno . "Proverbs in Chinua Achebe’s Novel Things Fall Apart." KnE Social Sciences, August 1, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i19.4841.

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This article is a literary study which is concerned with the analysis of proverbs found in the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe. The objective of this study is to identify as well as to analyse proverbs used in the novel. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework proposed by Honect (1997) who states that proverbs are an intuitive aspect of their mental functioning and can be viewed by using seven views: Personal View, Formal View, Religious View, Literary View, Practical View, Cultural View and Cognitive View. The study was conducted by applying qualitative method with a descriptive approach proposed by Creswell (2009). The result of the analysis shows that there are 27 proverbs found in the novel. Of the seven views of proverbs, six are found in the novel. The view that is not found in the novel is Literary View.
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14

"The Emergence of The Autonomous Individual." Regular Issue 3, no. 11 (July 15, 2019): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.k0299.0731119.

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This research article titled “The Emergence of the Autonomous Individual “explores the early fiction of Ayn Rand and Chinua Achebe and proceeds with the assumption that the autonomous individual is seen emerging in Ayn Rand‟s We the Living (1936) and Anthem (1938) and in Chinua Achebe‟s Things Fall Apart (1958) and Arrow of God (1964) respectively. In the fiction of Ayn Rand, the researcher explores the nature of the individual from the socio-political context. Rand‟s Anthem follows We the Living chronologically, and is set in Communist Russia and trigger off the rise of the individual. Though Chinua Achebe‟s Arrow of God does not follow Things Fall Apart chronologically, these two novels are set in the Ibo tradition and spark off the beginnings of the quest for the individual. Both Rand and Achebe have been brought together for this study as each author supports to a very large extent, the opposite poles of the hypothesis which, is: Whether the sphere of moral and imaginative values by which an individual functions in society is at once autonomous or related to society. The hypothesis is analyzed in three phases here .Each phase demonstrates the different stages in the growth and development of „individualism.‟ This is discussed against the background of the different texts chosen for each phase. This article attempts to specifically portray the struggle of four protagonists, namely (Kira Arugounova of We The Living, Equality 7-2521 of Anthem, Okonkwo of Things Fall Apart and Ezeulu of Arrow of God) against two different kinds of claustrophobic societies: Rand‟s Communistic Society of Soviet Russia and Achebe‟s Ibo Society of Nigeria, both of which smother the life of the individual. Both Rand‟s and Achebe‟s novels highlight the theme of “The Emergence of the Autonomous Individual.” Rand‟s individuals who struggle to assert their individuality in this phase are Kira Argounova, Leo Kovalensky and Comrade Andrei Taganova of We the Living; Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 5-3000 of Anthem; Okonkwo and Nwoye of Things Fall Apart and Ezeulu of Arrow of God respectively. These individuals suffer and struggle, but their cause and manner of struggle vary. While Rand‟s protagonists attempts to break the fetters of Communism to which they are tied and liberate themselves to individual freedom, happiness and self fulfillment; Achebe‟s individuals, in this phase, struggle to maintain the dignity of their own Ibo society, which the white man ignorantly attempts to destroy. Though both the societies represent the collective, they are absolutely contrastive in nature. But both the societies are common in their functioning, in the sense, that both societies control the lives and activity of the individuals to a large extent. Kira Argounova and Leo Kovalensky of We The Living and Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 5-3000 of Anthem are portrayed struggling to combat the terrible tyranny of a paralyzing, dictatorial state on the one hand; while Okonkowo of Things Fall Apart and Ezeulu of Arrow of God are trying to break away from a traditional-communal bound ethos, and assert their own individuality on the other.
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15

Deyab, Mohammad Shaaban, and Ebtihal Abdulsalam Elshaikh. "Chinua Achebe; Dialogical Self theory; Hubert Hermans; Internal vs. External I-positions; Things Fall Apart." Imbizo 8, no. 1 (May 9, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/3000.

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This article attempts to provide a new reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) from the perspective of Dialogical Self Theory, which views the self as a complex set of interrelated positions developed through social interaction. This study illustrates how Okonkwo’s self moves from one I-position to another according to changes in situation and time. In Okonkwo’s interactions with other people, he invokes various internal and external I-positions, where different people arouse different parts in his “self” and perform inner dialogues between these positions. These internal and external I-positions disagree with each other. However, despite this dialogue, new positions failed to emerge. Okonkwo’s decision to kill himself at the end illustrates his failure to form a successful dialogical relation among his multiple I-positions.
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16

Essuman, Jonathan, Elvis ResCue, and Philomena Ama Okyeso Yeboah. "A Pragma-Stylistic Approach to Analysing Proverbs: A Review of Some Selected Proverbs in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God." E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, August 24, 2021, 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2021281.

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African artworks, to be specific, literature has for quite a long time now demonstrated African tradition and culture. One major African literary tool that has maintained its efficacy in the African cultural heritage is the use of proverbs. Proverbs have been diversely used to perform several functions in the African traditional setting. Among such functions are: confirming opinions, warning, showing regrets, doubts, justifications and many more. This paper seeks to examine some selected proverbs from Chinua Achebe’s novels – Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God. Significantly, one can conclude that the style of a writer can go a long way in determining the reception and authenticity of his works. Chinua Achebe has extensively employed proverbs in his works as a tool for setting out or revealing his characters, themes and many others. This study is a pragma-stylistic approach to the analysis of proverbs used by Achebe in the selected novels. The researchers focus primarily on the style, meaning and function of the proverbs used in the selected texts. A critical content analysis method is employed for this study to determine the functions of the proverbs within the context of the novel. This study brings to the fore the very nature of African proverbs, specifically the Igbo of Nigeria and reveals the various functions ascribed to these proverbs. This will provide readers with the necessary knowledge on the very reasons why some proverbs are used and will ignite the research impetus of some researchers to further investigate other approaches to proverbs. This study has contributed immensely to the existing literature on pragma-stylistic studies and the understanding of a pragma-stylistic approach as a theoretical concept with a unique focus on analysing African proverbs. Keywords: Achebe, Proverbs, Pragmatics, Pragma-stylistics, Stylistics
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17

Okonkwo, Uche Uwaezuoke, and Ngozi Anyachonkeya. "Gender Issues in Alcohol Consumption: A Study of Equiano’s Travels, Nwapa’s Efuru and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart." Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, August 8, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2019/v31i430155.

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This paper appraises gender issues in alcohol consumption in Africa, in terms of processing and control using Oladuah Equiano’s autobiography- Equiano’s Travels, Flora Nwapa’s Efuru, and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. These three literary texts are thoughtfully chosen for the study, in view of the fact that Equiano pioneered African literature, and advanced by Flora Nwapa and Chinua Achebe in their debut, Efuru and Things Fall Apart, published in 1966 and 1958, respectively. In Equiano’s Travels, published in 1789, Equiano capture and document the Igbo lifestyle in its nativity. Scholars have attempted to look at the works of these literary titans from several perspectives and themes but, to the best of the knowledge of these researchers, they have not enquired into the Igbo lifestyle in alcohol consumption and given it the desired academic attention as amply presented in the literary works of these literary paragons and pathfinders, as the present study intends to do. While Achebe looks at the traditional humane living of Igbo society in the hinterland in its pre-colonial period, Nwapa discusses the lifestyle and folkways of Igbo Lake people of Oguta. Nwapa presents a segment of this Igbo society, which grants women access to alcoholic drink in the public, in sharp contrast to the rest of Igbo society that restricts women from drinking the same liqueur. Likely, the ample liberty and tremendous respect accorded to the female folk in Oguta Igbo subculture may be responsible for this, coupled with the fact that the river deity of the Lake, Uhamiri goddess, may have provided further evidence to the improved status accorded to women. Thus, Nwapa in the pages of her literary works, especially in Efuru and One Is Enough, brings to our doorstep the lifestyle and folkways of Ogbuide Lake people of Oguta, which enable women to enjoy this unrestricted liberty of self-expression and audacious access to alcoholic drinks at the profane gaze of men, as it was. Equiano, through his travails and escapades of slavery, shows the changing trends in alcohol drinking and culture especially the differences in female drinking cultures based on geography and climate. Today, the ethos of Igbo society has changed remarkably. The paper seeks to investigate these details using Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Nwapa’s Efuru as well as Equiano’s Travels, our texts of focus. The inquiry is essentially literary or library research.
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