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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acid catalyzed reactions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Acid catalyzed reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

1

Daley, Ryan A., and Joseph J. Topczewski. "Aryl-Decarboxylation Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium: Scope and Mechanism." Synthesis 52, no. 03 (December 13, 2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690769.

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Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings and related reactions have enabled many transformations essential to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. A related family of reactions that have received less attention are decarboxylative functionalization reactions. These reactions replace the preformed organometallic precursor (e.g., boronic acid or organostannane) with inexpensive and readily available carboxylic acids for many palladium-catalyzed reactions. This review focuses on catalyzed reactions where the elementary decarboxylation step is thought to occur at a palladium center. This review does not include decarboxylative reactions where decarboxylation is thought to be facilitated by a second metal (copper or silver) and is specifically limited to (hetero)arenecarboxylic acids. This review includes a discussion of oxidative Heck reactions, protodecarboxylation reactions, and cross-coupling reactions among others.1 Introduction2 Oxidative Heck Reactions3 Protodecarboxylation Reactions4 Cross-Coupling Reactions5 Other Reactions6 Conclusion

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Arisawa, Mieko. "Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Involving P–P Bond Cleavage." Synthesis 52, no. 19 (July 7, 2020): 2795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707890.

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Organophosphorus compounds are used as drugs, pesticides, detergents, food additives, flame retardants, synthetic reagents, and catalysts, and their efficient synthesis is an important task in organic synthesis. To synthesize novel functional organophosphorus compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed methods have been developed, which were previously considered difficult because of the strong bonding that occurs between transition metals and phosphorus. Addition reactions of triphenylphosphine and sulfonic acids to unsaturated compounds in the presence of a rhodium or palladium catalyst lead to phosphonium salts, in direct contrast to the conventional synthesis involving substitution reactions of organohalogen compounds. Rhodium and palladium complexes catalyze the cleavage of P–P bonds in diphosphines and polyphosphines and can transfer organophosphorus groups to various organic compounds. Subsequent substitution and addition reactions proceed effectively, without using a base, to provide various novel organophosphorus compounds.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphonium Salts by Addition Reactions of Triphenylphosphine and Sulfonic Acids3 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Exchange Reactions4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Substitution Reactions Using Diphosphines4.1 Reactions Involving Substitution of a Phosphorus Group by P–P Bond Cleavage4.2 Related Substitution Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds4.3 Substitution Reactions of Acid Fluorides Involving P–P Bond Cleavage of Diphosphines5 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Addition Reactions6 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Insertion Reactions Using Polyphosphines7 Conclusions

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Budiyati, Eni, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Arief Budiman, and Budhijanto Budhijanto. "Studies on Epoxidation of Tung oil with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 3 (August 13, 2020): 674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8243.674-686.

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Tung oil with an iodine value (IV) of 99.63 g I2/100 g was epoxidized in-situ with glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the presence sulfuric acid as catalyst. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mole ratio of H2O2 to unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), reaction time and catalyst concentration in Tung oil epoxidation. The reaction kinetics were also studied. Epoxidation was carried out for 4 h. The reaction rates and side reactions were evaluated based on the IV and the conversion of the epoxidized Tung oil to oxirane. Catalytic reactions resulted in higher reaction rate than did non-catalytic reactions. Increasing the catalyst concentration resulted in a large decrease in the IV and an increase in the conversion to oxirane at the initial reaction stage. However, higher catalyst concentration in the epoxidation reaction caused to a decrease in reaction selectivity. The mole ratio of H2O2 to UFA had an influence identical to the catalyst concentration. The recommended optimum mole ratio and catalyst concentration in this study were 1.6 and 1.5%, respectively. The highest conversion was 48.94% for a mole ratio of 1.6. The proposed kinetic model provided good results and was suitable for all variations in reaction temperature. The activation energy (Ea) values were around 5.7663 to 76.2442 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Inegbenebor, Adedayo I., Raphael C. Mordi, and Oluwakayode M. Ogunwole. "Zeolite Catalyzed Aldol Condensation Reactions." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12291.

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The review is based on the description of zeolite structure, uses, synthesis, and catalytic aldol reaction in aldol condensation. An internal aldolcondensation reaction has been achieved over ZSM-5 zeolite with high silica-alumina ratio at 350oC. It therefore follows that zeolite canfunction as a catalyst in aldol type condensation reactions and that weak acid sites as well as a small number of active sites favor the aldolcondensation reaction of carbonyl compounds. However, the mixed condensation product was found to be favored at temperatures above 300oCand the self-condensation of ethanal to crotonaldehyde was favored at temperatures below 300oC. It has also been suggested that both Brønstedand Lewis acids are involved in aldol reactions with Lewis acid sites the most probable catalytic sites. The zeolite group of minerals has founduse in many chemical and allied industries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12291 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 1-8

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Sanz, Roberto, and Raquel Hernández-Ruiz. "Dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes: Useful and Readily Available Catalysts in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 50, no. 20 (September 5, 2018): 4019–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610236.

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Molybdenum(VI) dichloride dioxide (MoO2Cl2), and its addition complexes [MoO2Cl2(L)n; L = neutral ligand], are commercially or easily available and inexpensive transition-metal complexes based on a non-noble metal that can be applied as catalysts for various organic transformations. This short review aims to present the most significant breakthroughs in this field.1 Introduction2 Preparation and Reactivity of MoO2Cl2(L)n Complexes2.1 Synthesis and Structure2.2 Reactivity of Dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes3 Redox Processes Catalyzed by MoO2Cl2(L)n Complexes3.1 Deoxygenation Reactions Using Phosphorus Compounds3.2 Deoxygenation and Hydrosilylation Reactions Using Silanes3.3 Reduction Reactions Using Hydrogen3.4 Deoxygenation Reactions with Boranes and Thiols3.5 Reduction Reactions with Glycols3.6 Oxidation Reactions4 Ambiphilic Reactivity of MoO2Cl2 4.1 Amphoteric Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Catalyzed Reactions4.2 Lewis Acid Type Catalyzed Reactions5 Conclusion and Perspective

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Bonjouklian, Rosanne, Richard E. Moore, and Gregory M. L. Patterson. "Acid-catalyzed reactions of hapalindoles." Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, no. 25 (December 1988): 5866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00260a014.

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Carlos Dias, Luiz. "Chiral Lewis Acid Catalyzed Ene-Reactions." Current Organic Chemistry 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 305–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272003376274.

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Sleet, Christopher E., Uttam K. Tambar, and Pradip Maity. "Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective pericyclic reactions." Tetrahedron 73, no. 29 (July 2017): 4023–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.059.

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Kuznetsov, Alexander A., Anna Yu Tsegelskaya, Michael Yu Belov, Vladimir I. Berendyaev, Sergey V. Lavrov, Galina K. Semenova, Anatoly L. Izyumnikov, Nina V. Kozlova, and Boris V. Kotov. "Acid-catalyzed reactions in polyimide synthesis." Macromolecular Symposia 128, no. 1 (March 1998): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19981280120.

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Xia, Zi-Lei, Qing-Feng Xu-Xu, Chao Zheng, and Shu-Li You. "Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reactions." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 1 (2020): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00436f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

1

Knol, Jochem. "Chiral Lewis acid catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University of Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.

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晏意隆 and Yi-long Yan. "Lewis acid-catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization reactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245018.

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Sanders, Shanina Devondia Brookhart Maurice S. "Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2534.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.

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Payard, Pierre-Adrien. "Mechanistic studies of metal-catalyzed reactions : predicting tools for reaction optimization." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE009/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de mécanismes de réactions catalysées par des métaux ainsi qu’au développement de nouveaux outils pour la rationalisation et la prévision du comportement catalytique. L’étape de transmétallation entre le bore et le nickel a été étudiée en détail à l’aide de méthodes expérimentales variées (electrochimie, RMN, cinétiques) et par DFT, permettant d’expliquer certaines limitations rencontrées par les experimentateurs. La seconde partie de cette thèse est dédiée à la rationalisation du comportement d’une famille d’acides de Lewis : les sels de triflate et de triflimidate. Leur comportement a été étudié sur des réactions modèles d’amination et d’oxidation et une nouvelle échelle théorique d’acidité de Lewis basée sur l’estimation du transfert de charge vers l’acide à permis de reproduire et prévoir l’activité catalytique
In this thesis mechanistic studies of metal-catalyzed reactions as well as development of new tools to predict and rationalize the catalytic properties are presented. The boron-tonickel transmetalation step was thoroughly studied by experimental technics (electrochemistry, NMR, kinetics) and DFT calculations, allowing us to solve some of the limitation encountered by the synthetic chemists. In the second part of this thesis the behavior of a family of Lewis acids (triflates and triflimides) is rationalize. Two model reactions (SN and redox) were studied and a new theoretical scale of Lewis acidity was developed based on the charge transferred to the acid allowing us to reproduce and predict the catalytic activity of these salts

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Kaplan, Matthew Jon. "Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Acetalization and Iso-Pictet-Spengler Reactions." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4515.

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The development of novel asymmetric reaction methodologies has been invaluable in both the academic and industrial world. In just 15 years, organocatalysis has provided a new means of developing asymmetric reaction methodologies using catalysts that are environmentally benign, relatively inexpensive, bench stable, and non-toxic. One development in organocatalysis that is important to our group in particular is chiral phosphoric acid-catalysis. BINOL-derived and VAPOL-derived phosphoric acids have proven to be excellent catalysts for a number of reactions. The two projects I will discuss my efforts on are acetalization and iso-Pictet-Spengler reactions. These were projects that I performed during my first two years as a graduate student. The acetalization was particularly fascinating as only one literature report existed for the catalytic asymmetric variant of a reaction that makes such important compounds--O,O-acetals. The acetalization reaction proved to be a formidable opponent, and to this date no research report has been published documenting the intra-, or intermolecular catalytic asymmetric acetalization of vinyl ethers or the intermolecular catalytic asymmetric transacetalization. The iso-Pictet-Spengler reaction is one that is interesting because exhaustive research has been conducted into the development of catalytic asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reactions, but at the time of my research, not a single catalytic asymmetric method existed to synthesize tetrahydro-γ-carbolines, the product of the iso-Pictet-Spengler reaction. Structurally, the tetrahydro-γ-carboline is isomeric to the tetrahydro-β-carboline, the product of the Pictet-Spengler reaction. They differ only in the position of nitrogen in the annulated product. This reaction seemed attractive to investigate, since independent elegant reports by Professors Benjamin List, Henk Hiemstra, and Darren Dixon documented the excellent control over enantioselectivity that chiral phosphoric acid have in the Pictet-Spengler reaction. Concurrent with the beginning stages of this project, Professor Eric Jacobsen reported the enantioselective thiourea-catalyzed iso-Pictet-Spengler reaction. The results were very good but not as great as the Pictet-Spengler work he pioneered. Around the time this report came out I commenced my reaction studies, and this thesis is the sum of just two projects I worked on. There were many more including halolactonization, VAPOL synthesis, chiral phosphoric acid synthesis, catalytic asymmetric hydroamination, and others.

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Zheng, Baofu. "Lewis acid-catalyzed asymmetric atom and group transfer radical cyclization reactions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3625812X.

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Zheng, Baofu, and 鄭保富. "Lewis acid-catalyzed asymmetric atom and group transfer radical cyclization reactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3625812X.

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Sandrin, Franco. "Lewis acid catalyzed reactions of 1-benzyl-2, 5-bis (trimethylsiloxy) pyrrole." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66047.

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Rendina, Victor L. "Development of Lewis Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Reactions and Catalysis of Etherification Reactions with sp3 Electrophiles." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3041.

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Thesis advisor: Marc L. Snapper
Chapter 1: Over the past 100 years, ring expansion chemistry with non-stabilized diazoalkanes has grown slowly. While the intrinsic hazards and stigma associated with the use of diazoalkanes has been a serious impediment to more widespread development, a number of groups have made significant advances over the years. This chapter aims to provide a brief historical account of the most significant developments related to diazoalkane- based ring expansion methods. Chapter 2: The construction of stereogenic centers adjacent to ketones remains a challenging synthetic problem for chemists. Deficiencies with regard to reaction scope, efficiency, and generality remain. In contrast to the majority of other methods in the literature, stereoselective insertion of diazoalkanes provides a pathway to directly access enantiomerically enriched α-substituted cycloalkanones. In this chapter, an account of how we developed the first catalytic asymmetric diazoalkane-based ring expansion reactions is presented. Ring expansion of unfunctionalized cycloalkanones with diazoalkanes efficiently affords α-aryl substituted cycloalkanones with high enantiopurity. Additionally, this work led to the synthesis of new chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands and the discovery of a rapid method to assay the concentration of diazoalkane solutions. Chapter 3: Single-carbon ring expansion is a powerful synthetic disconnection, allowing chemists to construct or purchase the lower homologue of a ring system before expanding to the target ring size. Starting from a smaller ring size can often allow access to a broader array of transformations that proceed with greater stereoselection. In our approach to a class of natural products bearing a cis-decalin core, we successfully implemented a catalytic regioselective single-carbon ring expansion reaction in the context of an advanced synthetic intermediate. This chapter describes the experimental details behind the first catalytic single carbon cyclopentanone homologations and how we extended the method to more complex substrates. Chapter 4: Catalytic activation of sp2 hybridized electrophiles by nucleophilic catalysts has been studied extensively and proceeds through a well-defined mechanistic pathway. In constrast, activation of sp3 hybridized electrophiles in a similar fashion with small-molecule organocatalysts remains an elusive endeavor for chemists. This chapter describes prelimi- nary studies towards this lofty goal and how we discovered a new class of imidazole-based catalysts. Thorough mechanistic studies with the newly discovered catalysts ultimately proved that the reactions proceeded through a pathway that does not involve electrophile activation. However, inexpensive and commercially available imidazolium salts were found to catalyze Williamson etherification reactions under mild conditions through a mechanism that involves an unusual imidazolium alkoxide ion-pair
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry

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Abaee, Mohammad Saeed. "Lewis acid catalyzed and self-assembled Diels-Alder reactions (LACASA-DA), a new strategy to control Diels-Alder reactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0026/NQ37867.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

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Elings, Jacob Antonius. Solid-acid catalysed reactions with epoxides and allyl aryl ethers. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1997.

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Milne, John Joseph. A study of tryptophan synthase catalysed hydrogen-deuterium exchange reactions. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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McDonnell, Claire M. Rate and equilibrium constants for acid-catalysed reactions of aromatic and non-aromatic enols, alcohols andepoxides. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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Loutchnikov, Andrei. Rhodium-catalyzed coupling reactions of multisubstituted alkenes, arylsubstituted allylic amines, esters and alcohols with arylboronic acids in aqueous media. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Hendricks, Carmen Andrea Veronica. The scope and limitations of Lewis acid-catalyzed intromolecular c-glycosidation reactions. 1987.

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Hudlic'ky, Milos. Fluorine Chemistry for Organic Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131567.001.0001.

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This book is a synthesis of two of Hudlicky's earlier books outlining the many unpredictable properties of fluorine and its compounds that are not analogous to the properties of any other halogens and their compounds. It is divided into two separate sections, the first presenting peculiar reactions as problems to be solved. Each reaction can be analyzed in the lab without the help of the second section, however if a solution is not easily reached, the second section provides discussion of the problems, outlining the products of the reactions and their mechanisms. Among the 105 reactions outlined are the introduction of fluorine into organic molecules, reduction and oxidation of fluorine compounds, reactions of fluorocompounds with halogens and their derivatives, nitration, acid catalyzed reactions, organometallic syntheses, and pyrolyses. The reactions are documented in the experimental material of the earlier volumes and will be important background knowledge for anyone working in organic chemistry.

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Huang, Fang. Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of organotrifluoroborate salts and organoboronic acids: Formation of enol esters and sulfones. 2007.

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Loutchinkov, Andrei. Rhodium-catalyzed coupling reactions of multisubstituted alkenes, arylsubstituted allylic amines, esters and alcohols with arylboronic acids in aqueous media. 2003, 2003.

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Roy, Amelie. Synthetic studies of the formation of oxazoles and isoxazoles from N-acetoacetyl derivatives: Scope and limitations AND Aqueous rhodium-catalyzed Heck-type coupling reactions between boronic acids and olefins. 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

1

Jiang, Jun, and Liu-Zhu Gong. "BRØNSTED ACID-CATALYZED CASCADE REACTIONS." In Catalytic Cascade Reactions, 53–122. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118356654.ch2.

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Jazzar, Rodolphe F. R., and E. Peter Kündig. "Ruthenium Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions." In Ruthenium in Organic Synthesis, 257–76. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603832.ch10.

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Ishihara, Kazuaki. "Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Carboxylic Acids." In Synthesis and Application of Organoboron Compounds, 243–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13054-5_8.

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Calderazzo, F. "Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Carbon Monoxide." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 319–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145319.ch123.

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Wu, Xiang, and Liu-Zhu Gong. "Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions." In Multicomponent Reactions in Organic Synthesis, 439–70. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527678174.ch15.

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Kunz, Horst. "Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Stereoselection on Carbohydrate Templates." In Selectivities in Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions, 189–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2464-2_10.

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Schinzer, Dieter, Markus Kalesse, and Jazid Kabbara. "Silica Gel-Catalyzed Cyclizations of Mixed Ketene Acetals." In Selectivities in Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions, 317. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2464-2_27.

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Seyden-Penne, Jacqueline. "Poster: “Lewis acid catalyzed Hetero Diets Alder Reactions”." In Selectivities in Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions, 321. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2464-2_29.

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Taschner, Michael J. "Synthesis of Clerodane Diterpenes via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloadditions." In Selectivities in Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions, 227–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2464-2_12.

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Norman, Richard, and James M. Coxon. "Formation of aliphatic carbon—carbon bonds: acid-catalyzed reactions." In Principles of Organic Synthesis, 251–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2166-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

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Phillips, David Lee, Ming-De Li, Yong Du, Jiadan Xue, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "Water Assisted and Acid Catalyzed Decarboxylation Reactions of Ketoprofen in Aqueous Solutions." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482518.

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Chao, Chung-Hsing, Tien-Chien Jen, and Yen-Hsi Ho. "Analysis and Experiment on Dynamic Prediction in Magnesium Hydride Hydrolysis as Hydrogen Generator." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62502.

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In this paper, analysis and experimental verification for dynamic modeling of an acid-catalyzed magnesium hydride hydrolysis was used to predict the hydrogen generation yield, rate, and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity. The result shows that the ratio citric acid to magnesium hydride, the geometric forms of MgH2, and the water handling are crucial to this reaction, while the higher temperatures tend to have faster rates of reactions. Furthermore, the zero-order prediction gives a good result only at a relatively low citric acid to magnesium hydride ratio or low hydrolysis reaction rate. The reaction order is approximately one while the citric acid/magnesium hydride molar ratio remains high or the rate of reaction is high. Finally, considering the geometrical effect on the acid-catalyzed MgH2 hydrolysis, the validated Langmuir equation was used to successfully predict the dynamic hydrogen generation fairly well for most hydrolysis reaction rate.

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Kanemasa, Shuji. "Lewis Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions Using Highly Coordinating Nucleophiles. Conjugate Additions of Thiols, Thiocarboxylic acids, and O-Benzylhydroxylamine." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01874.

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Aranzamendi Uruburu, Eider, Nuria Sotomayor, and Esther Lete. "Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective inter and intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reactions in the synthesis of isoquinoline derivatives." In MOL2NET 2016, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 2nd edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-02-h003.

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Gumbyte, M., R. Kreivaitis, and T. Balezentis. "Enzymatic Synthesis of α-Propylene glycol with (9Z)-Octadecenoic Acid by Lipolytic Enzyme." In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.08.

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Enzymatic synthesis of bio-lubricant from (9Z)-octadecenoic acid with α-propylene glycol has been investigated in this article and the purpose of this study has been to find out the optimum reaction conditions of esterification. Lipolytic enzyme (Lipolase ®100L) has been used to catalyze esterification reaction in solvent-free systems. The optimum reaction conditions of esterification process were achieved. The assessment of the bio-lubricant production options was studied. Tribological properties of α-propylene glycol esters of (9Z)-octadecenoic acids as bio-lubricants were assessed.

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Church, F. C., R. E. Treanor, and H. C. Whinna. "ACTIVATION OF HEPARIN COFACTOR II BY PHOSVITIN, A PHOSPHOGLYCO-PROTEIN, AND OTHER PHOSPHATE-CONTAINING POLYANIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643867.

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We are characterizing the specificity of the polyanion-binding domain of the heparin/dermatan sulfate-dependent plasma protease inhibitor, heparin cofactor II (HCII). Various phosphate-containing polyanions accelerate the HCII-catalyzed inhibition of thrombin (T). Phosvitin, a phosphoprotein, enhances the HCII/T reaction at 25°C and pH 8.0 with the apparent second-order rate constant value (K2) increasing from 5 × 104 M−1 min−1 (in the absence of phosvitin) to 8 x 10' M”1 min as phosvitin increased from 0.05 to 30 ug/ml and then decreases as phosvitin is increased above 30 ug/ml. Apparent dissociation constant values for phosvitin-HCII and phosvitin-T are 450 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Polynucleotides accelerate the HCII/T reaction and have the following specificity (concentrations examined from 1-200 ug/ml): poly(guanylic acid) >> poly(adeny-lic acid, guanylic acid) > poly(inosinic acid) > poly(guanylic acid, uridylic acid) > poly(uridylic acid) = poly(adenylic acid) > poly(cytidylic acid). Polyphosphate anions (phosphate chain length, n, ranging from 5-100) enhance the HCII/T reaction. When compared at an equimolar phosphate concentration (1 mM), the rate was saturated at n = 50 with a maximum V.2 of about 5 × 107 M−1 min−1. Ca2+ (or Mg2+)-phosvitin/polyphosphate anion complexes and salmon protamine-polynucleotide complexes have lost the ability to enhance the HCII/T reaction. Phospho-pyridoxylated-HCII (lysine modified), with greatly reduced heparin cofactor activity, has lost its accelerating effect with phosvitin, polynucleotides and the polyphosphate anions. None of the above mentioned polyphosphate-containing compounds are effective at accelerating either the HCII-catalyzed inhibition of chymotrypsin or the antithrombin Ill-catalyzed T reaction. Our results suggest that (i) HCII is activated by the multiple negative charges of phosphate polyanions but they alone are not sufficient; (ii) the effective phosphate polyanions must also possess a specific conformation for maximum activity; and (iii) the phosphoserine-containing protein, phosvitin, can serve as a "template" for HCII/T.

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Jen, Tien-Chien, Joshua Adeniran, Esther Akinlabi, Chung-Hsing Chao, Yen-Hsi Ho, and Johan De Koker. "Hydrogen Generation From Acetic Acid Catalyzed Magnesium Hydride Using an On-Demand Hydrogen Reactor." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66459.

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This study reports an acetic acid catalyzed hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation from magnesium hydride (MgH2) using an on-demand hydrogen reactor. Acetic acid, a weak and benign organic acid, has been reported as a single catalyst in hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation using other substrates, but this is the first study where acetic acid has been employed as a catalyst in a magnesium hydride hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation. In this study, the effects of MgH2 weight, acetic acid concentration and external temperature on hydrogen generation from MgH2 were examined. The results of the hydrolysis reaction indicated that the weight of MgH2 was the major factor influencing hydrogen generation, followed by the concentration of acetic acid while the effect of external temperature was insignificant. Similarly, hydrogen yield was proportional to the weight of MgH2 with a reported maximum hydrogen yield at each weight been: 0.4g (∼ 0.07 L); 0.8 g (∼ 0.125 L) and 1.2 g (∼1.285 L). The successful use of acetic acid in the study reinforced the versatility of the on-demand hydrogen reactor and as a scalable technology for hydrogen generation.

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8

Chandrasekaran, Sriraam Ramanathan, Sumant Avasarala, Fathima Jalal, Lima Rose Miranda, and Selva Ilavarasi Paneerselvam. "Experimental Investigation on Variation of FFA in Used Cooking Oil and Optimization of Conversion to Biodiesel." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90505.

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The world is currently dependant on fossil fuels as a fuel source for transportation and fuelling the industrial sector. The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the environmental benefits of bio-diesel has made it more attractive in recent times. Many researches are being made to commercialize the production. However the cost of bio-diesel is the major obstacle to its commercialization in comparison to conventional diesel fuels. The objective of this paper is to produce biodiesel from Used cooking oil using a two stage process of acid and base catalyzed Transesterification reaction and optimizing the process variable such as Methanol to oil ratio, Catalyst to oil ratio, Reaction temperature and Reaction time as these process variable has adverse effect on the Transesterification reaction. The optimized parameters gave an yield of about 96%. Also an attempt had been made to examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acids in Used cooking oil. The results showed that the triacylglycerides was hydrolysed and the free fatty acid content was raised.

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Ueno, Takumi, Shou-ichi Uchino, Keiko T. Hattori, Toshihiko Onozuka, Seiichiro Shirai, Noboru Moriuchi, Michiaki Hashimoto, and S. Koibuchi. "Negative resists for i-line lithography utilizing acid-catalyzed intramolecular dehydration reaction." In SPIE's 1994 Symposium on Microlithography, edited by Omkaram Nalamasu. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.175334.

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Yang, Yucheng, Frank Fabian, Janice McKenzie, Kristyna Hyblova, and Qin Ma. "The Size Distribution of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Variation of Acid-to-Microcellulose Crystals Ratio and Reaction Time Through Catalyzed Acid Hydrolysis." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23653.

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Abstract Literature has shown that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) which are produced through hydrochloric (HCl) acid hydrolysis catalyzed by inorganic chlorides can enhance the mechanical properties of organic polymers further than CNCs by pure HCl acid hydrolysis. The results have shown that the level of reinforcement may be negatively correlated to the dissociation constant of the inorganic chlorides. However, titanium tetrachloride’s dissociation constant is 1.3, lower than that of ferric chloride, 2.2, which is the lowest dissociation constant among the four inorganic chlorides that have been studied. Therefore, for this study, titanium tetrachloride was investigated along with ferric chloride. The only two variables in this study are reaction time and acid-to-microcellulose crystals (MCCs) ratio. The results of laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS) show that the resultant solutions exhibit binomial size distributions which contain both MCCs and CNCs. At acid-to-MCCs ratio of 40 for ferric chloride, any increase in reaction time above 1.5 hours did not result in size reduction. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results of CNCs showed that the catalyzed hydrolysis did not change the molecular structure of MCCs. The color of CNCs varies with increasing reaction time, but, based on the FTIR and LDS results, the color is not an indication of CNCs’ size nor their chemical composition.

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Reports on the topic "Acid catalyzed reactions"

1

Netzel, D. A. A preliminary investigation of acid-catalyzed polymerization reactions of shale oil distillates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135499.

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Netzel, D. A. A preliminary investigation of acid-catalyzed polymerization reactions of shale oil distillates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5719827.

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Schwarz, J. A. Surface nonuniformity effects on metal oxides in going from proton adsorption equilibria to the kinetics of acid catalyzed reactions. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491426.

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