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Journal articles on the topic 'Acid etching'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Çakır, Orhan. "Study of Etch Rate and Surface Roughness in Chemical Etching of Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.837.

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In this study, stainless steel material (X5CrNi1810) was micromachined by chemical etching method. Ferric chloride was selected as etchant which is the most widely used etchant for iron-based materials. Four different etchant concentrations (32 °Bé, 36 °Bé, 40 °Bé and 44 °Bé) were used at various etching temperature. Moreover, the influence of the addition of hydrochloric acid to main etchant on etching performance was examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the depth of etch and surface roughness affected by etchant concentration, hydrochloric acid addition and etching temperature.

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Chabanon, Angélique, Alexandre Michau, Michel Léon Schlegel, et al. "Surface Modification of 304L Stainless Steel and Interface Engineering by HiPIMS Pre-Treatment." Coatings 12, no. 6 (2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060727.

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A clean and defect-free substrate/coating interface is required to guarantee good adhesion of coatings under service conditions. For this purpose, an etching pre-treatment using High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) was performed to modify the surface of 304L stainless steel. The effect of three etching procedures on the substrate properties, such as corrosion resistance and adhesion, was investigated with unprecedented spatial resolution and spectroscopic details. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction showed modification in phase content but no neoformation after steel etching. X-ray ph

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3

Liu, Zhuang, Lin Zhu, Jing Lin, and Zhi Hui Sun. "Study of Super Hydrophobic Films on Pre-Sensitized Plate Aluminium Substrate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.427.

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A simple chemical etching method was developed for corrosion of the pre-sensitized plate aluminium substrate in order to be a rough surface. After the chemical etched surface was treated with fluorination, the pre-sensitized (PS) plate aluminium (Al) substrate surface exhibits a super-hydrophobic property. The effects of the etching time and the etchant concentration on the super-hydrophobici were investigated, and the results show the contact angle of hydrofluoric firstly increases then reduce with acid etching time increasing, and the optimum etching time is 12 min; the contact angle of hydr

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Wilson, Sara M., Wen Lien, David P. Lee, and William J. Dunn. "Confocal microscope analysis of depth of etch between self-limiting and traditional etchant systems." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 5 (2017): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/120816-880.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To see whether there is an advantage to using a self-limiting phosphoric acid etchant versus a traditional 34% phosphoric acid etchant for bonding by measuring the depth of etch at multiple time intervals. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 bovine teeth were mounted and etched on the facial surface with two different etchants: standard 34% phosphoric acid and a self-limiting 35% phosphoric acid etchant at varied time intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. Teeth were scanned using a three-dimensional laser confocal scanning microscope prior to etching and scanned ag

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Gawlik, Marcjanna Maria, Björn Wiese, Alexander Welle, et al. "Acetic Acid Etching of Mg-xGd Alloys." Metals 9, no. 2 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020117.

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Mg-xGd alloys show potential to be used for degradable implants. As rare earth containing alloys, they are also of special interest for wrought products. All applications from medical to engineering uses require a low and controlled degradation or corrosion rate without pitting. Impurities from fabrication or machining, like Fe inclusions, encourage pitting, which inhibits uniform material degradation. This work investigates a suitable etching method to remove surface contamination and to understand the influence of etching on surface morphology. Acetic acid (HAc) etching as chemical surface t

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Lee, Jinhoon, and Sangwoo Lim. "Highly Efficient Si₃N₄/SiO₂ Selective Etching Process with Non-Phosphoric Acid Solutions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 31 (2024): 2270. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02312270mtgabs.

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Silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are widely used as insulator or sacrificial film materials in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. In recent years, many 3D structured semiconductor devices such as NAND Flash and CFETs have been manufactured to increase the integration of semiconductor devices. In this case, a substrate with alternating layers of Si3N4 and SiO2 is used, and the device is fabricated by selectively etching the Si3N4 layer and depositing a dielectric or metal in its place. Therefore, the technology for selectively etching Si3N4 from Si3N4/SiO2 stacked subst

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7

Barjaktarova-Valjakova, Emilija, Anita Grozdanov, Ljuben Guguvcevski, et al. "Acid Etching as Surface Treatment Method for Luting of Glass-Ceramic Restorations, part 1: Acids, Application Protocol and Etching Effectiveness." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (2018): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.147.

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AIM: The purpose of this review is to represent acids that can be used as surface etchant before adhesive luting of ceramic restorations, placement of orthodontic brackets or repair of chipped porcelain restorations. Chemical reactions, application protocol, and etching effect are presented as well.STUDY SELECTION: Available scientific articles published in PubMed and Scopus literature databases, scientific reports and manufacturers' instructions and product information from internet websites, written in English, using following search terms: “acid etching, ceramic surface treatment, hydrofluo

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8

Mageet, Adil Osman, Cristin Saber Aziz, Maab Adil Osman, and Rula Hasan Al-Haideri. "The Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear Bond Strength between Orthodontic Metal Bracket and Porcelain Face." Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J 23, no. 1 (2024): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.61336/appj/23-1-5.

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Objectives: To report on the different approaches taken to improve the bonding of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces and review the literature and test the available alternatives of hydrofluoric acid use. Materials and Methods: The search engine PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct were used for this study to obtain relevant information. The sample comprises 18 Porcelain fused to metal crowns, etchant acids like Hydrofluoric Acid 9.6%; Orthophosphoric Acid 37%; Maleic Acid 10, 20, 30%. Acrylic tooth holder, high-speed hand piece, round bur, bonding agent, composite, bracke

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Tsujimoto, A., WW Barkmeier, T. Takamizawa, MA Latta, and M. Miyazaki. "The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Pre-etching Times on Bonding Performance and Surface Free Energy with Single-step Self-etch Adhesives." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 4 (2016): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-221-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphoric acid pre-etching times on shear bond strength (SBS) and surface free energy (SFE) with single-step self-etch adhesives. Methods: The three single-step self-etch adhesives used were: 1) Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE), 2) Clearfil tri-S Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental), and 3) G-Bond Plus (GC). Two no pre-etching groups, 1) untreated enamel and 2) enamel surfaces after ultrasonic cleaning with distilled water for 30 seconds to remove the smear layer, were prepared. There were four pre-etching groups: 1)

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10

Sampson, W. J., C. W. Wookey, and J. Rouse. "Fluorine depth profiles in human enamel after different acid etching times." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 10, no. 1 (1987): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-1987-0005.

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Abstract This study was designed to monitor fluorine concentration changes in the surface layer of enamel subjected to acid etching for orthodontic direct bonding. Prior to etching, the area described by the reference pins was partitioned into quadrants and initial fluorine concentration profiles in the surface 4 μm were recorded using a non-destructive nuclear resonance technique. Measurements of enamel surface location were made, relative to the reference pins, prior to etching and after 15,30, 60 and 120 seconds exposure to Superbond gel etchant. Each quadrant was then re-profiled for fluor

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Sarkar, Amrita, and Morgan Stefik. "Robust porous polymers enabled by a fast trifluoroacetic acid etch with improved selectivity for polylactide." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1, no. 8 (2017): 1526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qm00266h.

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12

Son, Chang Jin, Taeh Yeon Kim, Tae Gun Park, and Sang Woo Lim. "Is Highly Selective Si₃N₄/SiO₂ Etching Feasible without Phosphoric Acid?" Solid State Phenomena 282 (August 2018): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.282.147.

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Si3N4 film could be selectively removed by a special H3PO4-free etchant. In order to increase Si3N4 etching rate and Si3N4/SiO2 etch selectivity, various additives were added to H3PO4-free etchant. The optimization of additives into H3PO4-free solution, a comparable Si3N4 etching rate with 50 times increased Si3N4/SiO2 etch selectivity was obtained as compared to the conventional H3PO4 process.

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13

Diao, Yun Chao, Yan Yan Jiang, Shi Kai Wang, and Cheng Yu Wang. "Effect of Acid Treatment on Surface Morphology and Strength of Float Glass under Ultrasonic Wave." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1660.

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The float glass was polished by acid solution (HF/H2SO4) under ultrasonic wave. The surface morphologies before and after acid etching were observed by metallographic microscope. The thickness of acid etching was measured by thickness tester, and the strength before and after acid etching was investigated via material surface and interface performance tester. The experimental conditions, such as the amount of HF and H2SO4, the temperature of acid etching and the time of acid etching were optimized under ultrasonic wave ( f =40 KHz, P=125 W) by orthogonal design test. The suitable conditions we

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14

Park, Jemyung, Kyuyoung Eom, Ohjun Kwon, and Sangsun Woo. "Chemical Etching Technique for the Investigation of Melt-crystallized Isotactic Polypropylene Spherulite and Lamellar Morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 3 (2001): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010074.

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AbstractThe spherulitic and lamellar morphologies of melt crystallized isotactic polypropylene (iPP) have been investigated according to various crystallization temperatures and times. In this study, an appropriate chemical etching condition for the observation of iPP morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is determined. The optimum etchant formulation is 3 wt% potassium permanganate with the mixed solvent of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The morphologies after etching reveal the microstructure of iPP clearly, such as the characterization of α/β spherulites and the different lam

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15

Pouyanfar, Hoda, Elaheh Seyed Tabaii, Samaneh Aghazadeh, Seyyed Pedram Tabatabaei Navaei Nobari, and Mohammad Moslem Imani. "Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite to Enamel Using Universal Adhesive with/without Acid Etching Compared To Etch and Rinse and Self-Etch Bonding Agents." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (2018): 2186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.427.

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AIM: Considering the recent introduction of universal adhesives and the controversy regarding the use/no use of etchant prior to their application, this study sought to assess the microtensile bond strength of composite to enamel using universal adhesive with/without acid etching compared to three-step etch and rinse, two-step etch and rinse and two-step self-etch bonding agents. METHODS: This in vitro, an experimental study was conducted on 80 extracted sound human molars in five groups (16 each): Scotchbond Universal adhesive (3M) with/without prior etching, Adper Scthe otchbond Multi-

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16

Doskočil, Leoš, Pavlína Šomanová, Jiří Másilko, et al. "Characterization of Prepared Superhydrophobic Surfaces on AZ31 and AZ91 Alloys Etched with ZnCl2 and SnCl2." Coatings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101414.

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Superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared using a two-step method that involved the etching of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys and then modifying the etched alloys with stearic acid. Magnesium alloys etched with ZnCl2 and SnCl2 exhibited surfaces roughened with micro- and nanoscale hierarchical structures consisting of two chemically distinct regions (Zn/Zn(OH)2 or Sn/SnO2 and Mg(OH)2). An optimum etching time of ten minutes was chosen for both etchants. Superhydrophobic surfaces with the highest contact angle were prepared when stearic acid reacted with the etched alloys at 50 °C for 4 h. Steari

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17

Schultheiß, U., and H. Hornberger. "Comparison of etchants for corrosion-resistant stainless steels in medical engineering." Practical Metallography 62, no. 1 (2024): 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2024-0094.

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Abstract Corrosion-resistant stainless steels are widely used in medical engineering. Today, additive manufacturing techniques are also used for this purpose, in particular for implant steels. Additively processed materials sometimes react differently to etching than conventionally processed ones. The use of etchants for contrasting the microstructure must therefore be adapted. Chemical etching using V2A etchant, Murakami, and anhydrous Kalling solutions, as well as electrochemical etching using nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and oxalic acid were performed. Etched samples made of conventionall

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18

OBAIDI, Hussain, and Issam AL-KHAYAT. "Viscous acid etching agent." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rden.2020.165828.

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19

Sobha, Varsha V., NK Sapna Varma, and VV Ajith. "Comparative Evaluation of Laser Etching and Acid Etching: An in vitro Study." International Journal of Laser Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10022-1079.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Recent innovations in bonding propose laser ablation as an alternative method to acid etching. Objectives The objective of this study is to compare the effect of laser irradiation at medium-short pulse (MSP) mode, quantum-square pulse (QSP) mode, and acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Materials and methods Forty-two premolars were allocated to three groups (14 each): (1) 37% phosphoric acid etching; (2) erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser etching with MSP mode; (3) Er:YAG laser etching with quantum-square pulse

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20

Son, Changjin, Taegun Park, Taehyeon Kim, and Sangwoo Lim. "Si3N4 Etching with Carboxylic-Acid-Containing Superheated Water." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 28 (2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01281260mtgabs.

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Silicon nitride (Si3N4) has been widely used as an insulating or sacrificial layer in various electronic devices. A removal of Si3N4 is also required in the semiconductor manufacturing process. In particular, in the 3D NAND flash memory manufacturing processes, selective removal of Si3N4 from the Si3N4/SiO2 stack structure is one of the very critical processes. It is known that Si3N4 is etched in high temperature phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Si3N4 is etched by nucleophilic attack of H2PO4 - and H2O in H3PO4 solution [1]. However, as the number of Si3N4/SiO2 stacked layers increases to improve the

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21

Madaan, Vishwas, Ashvini M. Padhye, and Manjeet Mapara. "Comparative Evaluation of Microroughness created on Titanium Alloy for use in Dental Implants subjected to Two Different Acid Etching Techniques: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1134.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the microroughness created on titanium alloy for use in dental implants subjected to two different acid etching techniques. Materials and Methods Commercially available grade 5 pure titanium plates were machine prepared into 26 plates measuring 3 × 1 cm × 5 mm for acid etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and dual acid etching technique using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) followed by hydrochloric acid (HCl). Twenty-five plates were divided into four groups based on the duration and sequence of acid etching. Upon completion of the acid etc

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Zhang, De Gui, Hai Mei Cheng, Ying Jun Wang, and Cheng Yun Ning. "Effect of Different Acid Treatment on Surface Characteristics of Titanium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.490.

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This study was aimed to investigate the effects of acid treatment on the surfacee characteristics ofgrit-blasted titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). These treatments included (a) Al2O3 blasting, (b) Al2O3 blasting + HF acid etching, (c) Al2O3 blasting + HCl/H2SO4 acid etching, and (d) Al2O3 blasting + HF acid etching + HCl/H2SO4 acid etching. The surface topography and chemical composition of the samples were identified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Roughness of the as-treated samples was obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and

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Faye, Babacar, Mouhamed Sarr, Khaly Bane, Adjaratou Wakha Aidara, Seydina Ousmane Niang, and Abdoul Wakhabe Kane. "One-Year Clinical Evaluation of the Bonding Effectiveness of a One-Step, Self-Etch Adhesive in Noncarious Cervical Lesion Therapy." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/984065.

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This study evaluated the one-year clinical performance of a one-step, self-etch adhesive (Optibond All-in-One, Kerr, CA, USA) combined with a composite (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr Hawe, CA, USA) to restore NCCLs with or without prior acid etching. Restorations performed by the same practitioner were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. At 6 months, the recall rate was 100%. The retention rate was 84.2% for restorations with prior acid etching, but statistically significant differences were observed between baseline and 6 months. Without acid etching

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Jemat, Afida, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali, Masfueh Razali, and Yuichi Otsuka. "Effects of Surface Treatment on Titanium Alloys Substrate by Acid Etching for Dental Implant." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.347.

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Many studies were carried out to investigate the ability of titanium alloys for dental implant. Surface treatment is one of the famous methods to increase the titanium surface properties. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of acid etching on the surface topography and roughness of titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V ASTM 1472-99). Acid etchings were carried out by using different type of acids with same time exposures. All etched surface were characterized by using an X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a roughness tester. Acid etched and pure surface we

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Conner, Clint, Fabio Andretti, Alfredo I. Hernandez, et al. "Surface Evaluation of a Novel Acid-Etching Solution for Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate." Materials 18, no. 12 (2025): 2912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122912.

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The current investigation evaluated a novel acid-etching solution containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) designed for etching zirconia ceramics. Achieving reliable bonding to zirconia is challenging due to its chemical inertia, unlike lithium disilicate, which can be effectively conditioned with HF etching. One hundred and twenty specimens of zirconia and lithium disilicate underwent etching with the experimental solution for six different durations: control, 20 s, 60 s, 5 min, 30 min, and 1 h. Sur

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Ravichandran, Harshini, C. Vishnu Rekha, Dhanraj Kalaivanan, Sumaiyya Saleem, Sai Sarath Kumar Kothimbakkam, and A. K. R. Santhosh Priya. "An Assessment of the Impact of Erbium Laser and Conventional Etching Techniques on Microleakage, Shear, and Microtensile Bond Strength of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Pit and Fissure Sealant – An In vitro Study." Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry 23, no. 2 (2025): 112–23. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_121_24.

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Abstract Purpose: In recent years, laser etching has emerged as an alternative to conventional acid etching for enamel surface pretreatment due to its drawbacks. This method can be used as a substitute for preparing pits and fissures before sealing. The study aims to compare the impact of laser etching and conventional etching on microleakage, shear, and microtensile bond strength of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants. Methodology: The present in vitro study was performed on 60 healthy premolars which were extracted for orthodontic purposes which was cleaned and disinfected.

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Shimozono, Naoki, Mikinori Nagano, Takaaki Tabata, and Kazuya Yamamura. "Study on In Situ Etching Rate Monitoring in Numerically Controlled Local Wet Etching." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.34.

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Numerically controlled local wet etching (NC-LWE) is very promising technique for deterministic figuring of ultraprecision optical devices, such as aspherical lens, photo mask substrate and X-ray or neutron focusing mirror. NC-LWE technique is non-contact removal process using chemical reaction between etchant and surface of workpiece, so this technique enables us to figure the objective shape without introduction both substrate deformation and sub-surface damage. It is essential to measure temperature and concentration of the etchant to maintain the material removal rate constant over a proce

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Ahmed, Amel Mahmoud, Dina Nagy, and Mona Abdallah Elkateb. "Etching Patterns of Sodium Hypochlorite Pretreated Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta Primary Molars: SEM Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, no. 4 (2019): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.6.

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Aim: To investigate the etching patterns of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in primary molars pretreated with 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid application using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Study design: Ten hypocalcified AI primary molars were collected, sectioned longitudinally into 2 parts and allocated into two groups of ten specimens each. The enamel surface in the first group (control group) was etched using 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds; while in the second group (study group), it was pretreated using 5.25 sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) for 60 seconds prior to

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Li, Ce, Juan Du, Pengfei Chen, Gang Xiong, and Pingli Liu. "Experimental Study on High Conductivity and Slow Acid Fracturing in Deep Ultra-high Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2834, no. 1 (2024): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2834/1/012046.

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Abstract Acid fracturing is a commonly used method for increasing production and injection and transformation measure for carbonate reservoirs. However, deep carbonate reservoirs generally have high temperature and closure pressure, low maintenance of acid etched fracture conductivity after acid fracturing, and fast rate of production decline. The experimental study investigated the acid rock etching morphology and acid etched fracture conductivity of hydrochloric acid, gelling acid, authigenic acid, polymer-surfactant acid, and chelating acid when injected alone or alternately at 200 °C and o

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El-Damanhoury, Hatem M., and Maria D. Gaintantzopoulou. "Self-etching ceramic primer versus hydrofluoric acid etching: Etching efficacy and bonding performance." Journal of Prosthodontic Research 62, no. 1 (2018): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2017.06.002.

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Al-mashaal, Asaad K. Edaan, and Rebecca Cheung. "Delamination of polyimide in hydrofluoric acid." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 6 (2021): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0684.

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Wet etching is a critical fabrication step for the mass production of micro and nanoelectronic devices. However, when an extremely corrosive acid such as hydrofluoric (HF) acid are used during etching, an undesirable damage might occur if the device includes a material that is not compatible with the acid. Polyimide thin films can serve as sacrificial/structural layers to fabricate freestanding or flexible devices. The importance of polyimide in microelectronics is due to its relatively low stress and compatibility with standard micromachining processes. In this work, a fast delamination proce

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Li, N., T. Nikaido, S. Alireza, T. Takagaki, J.-H. Chen, and J. Tagami. "Phosphoric Acid-Etching Promotes Bond Strength and Formation of Acid-Base Resistant Zone on Enamel." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 1 (2013): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-422-l.

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SUMMARY This study examined the effect of phosphoric acid (PA) etching on the bond strength and acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) formation of a two-step self-etching adhesive (SEA) system to enamel. An etch-and-rinse adhesive (EAR) system Single Bond (SB) and a two-step SEA system Clearfil SE Bond (SE) were used. Human teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to different adhesive treatments: 1) SB; 2) SE; 3) 35% PA etching→SE primer→SE adhesive (PA/SEp+a); (4) 35% PA etching→SE adhesive (PA/SEa). Microshear bond strength to enamel was measured and then statistically analyzed usin

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Cecchin, D., AP Farina, CMP Vidal та AK Bedran-Russo. "A Novel Enamel and Dentin Etching Protocol Using α-hydroxy Glycolic Acid: Surface Property, Etching Pattern, and Bond Strength Studies". Operative Dentistry 43, № 1 (2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-136-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives: To determine the use of α-hydroxy glycolic acid (GA) as a surface pretreatment for dental restorative applications. The etching pattern of GA pretreatment of dental hard tissues was assessed by surface microhardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effectiveness of GA surface etching on the enamel and dentin resin bond strengths was assessed using two etchant application modes (rubbing and no rubbing) and three adhesive systems (Single Bond [SB], One Step Plus [OSP], and Scotchbond Universal [SBU]). Methods: Knoop microhardness measurements were carried out on po

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Lima, Adriano Fonseca, Vinícius Brito da Silva, Giulliana Panfiglio Soares, Giselle Maria Marchi, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, and José Roberto Lovadino. "Influence of previous acid etching on interface morphology and bond strength of self-etching adhesive to cavosurface enamel." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 01 (2012): 056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698931.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the (1) bond strength of a etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems to cavosurface enamel, (2) influence of the previous acid etching with phosphoric acid 35% to the self-etching adhesive application on bond strength values, and (3) analysis of the cavosurface enamel morphology submitted to different types of conditioning, with the use of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM).Methods: Twenty four human third molars were sectioned on mesio-distal direction, resulting in two slices. The specimens were ground flat with 600-grit al

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Zheng, Changlong, Xiaodong Wu, Zhenguo Li, Rui Ran, and Duan Weng. "Enhanced Soot Oxidation Activity of a CuO-Doped CeO2 Catalyst via Acid Etching." Catalysts 13, no. 12 (2023): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121463.

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Copper oxides tend to agglomerate on the surface of CeO2, with a high amount of Cu. In this study, a CeO2 catalyst with a high CuO doping amount was treated with nitric acid to improve its catalytic performance for soot oxidation. The effect of acid etching on the structural properties of the CuO-doped CeO2 catalyst were elucidated. The characterization results indicated that aggregated CuO particles formed over CuCe. The acid etching resulted in a remarkable increase in the surface area of CuCe. Additionally, acid etching promoted the formation of surface-adsorbed oxygen species and oxygen va

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Dehghanian, Paria, Fereshteh Shafiei, and Nasrin Kianimanesh. "Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Reduced Time of Acid Etching on Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cement to MTA and Biodentine." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): e36-e36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2021.36.

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Introduction: Considering the recent trend to use mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine and resin cements, more conservative approaches concurrent with adequate bond strength have always been requested. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with Er:YAG laser etching versus acid-etching for 5 and 15 seconds on the micro shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement (SRC) to MTA and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples of each cement (MTA and Biodentine) were prepared and distributed into four groups based on surface pretreatment: 1) contr

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Sisman, Kubra Yaman, Ezgi Baltaci, and Neslihan Ozveren. "The effect of different deproteinization agents on microleakage and penetration depth of fissure sealants in permanent molars: An in vitro study." Contemporary Pediatric Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51463/cpd.2023.176.

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Aim: Acid etching alone is insufficient to remove organic residues from enamel, which can compromise the microretention of fissure sealants and lead to microleakage and failure. This study evaluated the impact of four different deproteinization agents on the microleakage and penetration depth of fissure sealants in human molars. Methods: A total of 170 caries-free mandibular third molars were randomly assigned to five groups (n=34 per group): (1) The Control group (acid etching only), (2) The NaOCl group (sodium hypochlorite + acid etching), (3) The Papacarie Duo group, (4) The Brix 3000 group

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Gupta, Ekta, Chaitanya Gurrala, Tejas A. Chaugule, Salman Abdul Qadeer, C. V. Padmapriya, and Mayank Sharma. "Comparison of the Conventional and Laser Etching on the Bonding of the Orthodontic Brackets: An Original Research." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (2024): S183—S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_447_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Acid etching enamel improves resin–enamel adhesion and adhesive characteristics, but has pros and cons. The effects of laser etching on the bonding of orthodontic brackets vary depending on the wavelength, power output, exposure duration, and energy delivered. Materials and Methods: This study used a new 1064-nm diode laser to irradiate 30 freshly extracted human premolars. They were divided into three groups: group A, group B, and group C. Acid etching was used for 1 min to bond bracket to tooth surface, and Indian ink was used for 30 s. Group C uses acid etching for 1 mi

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Haryadi, A. W., Chang Kuk You, Shin Yoon Kim, Eui Kyun Park, Kyo Han Kim, and Suk Young Kim. "Effect of Acid Etching on Surface Chemistry and Microstructure of HA and CMP Grit-Blasted Ti Surface." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.391.

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Grit blasting using bioactive HA and biodegradable CMP followed by acid etching has been done. HNO3 and H3PO4 were used for the etching solution by controlling the concentration and etching time to know the effect on the surface chemistry and morphology of the Ti implant. Characterization of samples was done by using SEM, EDX and surface profilometer. The contents of residues on Ti surface decreased with increasing acid concentration and etching time. It was observed that the acidic etching rate of HA grits on Ti surface was faster than that of CMP grits. And HNO3 etched more rapidly the HA an

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Ibrahim, Ihab M., Dina W. Elkassas, and Mai M. Yousry. "Effect of EDTA and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment on the Bonding Effectiveness of Self-Etch Adhesives to Ground Enamel." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 04 (2010): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697862.

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Objectives: This in vitro study determined the effect of enamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the bond strength of strong, intermediary strong, and mild self-etching adhesive systems.Methods: Ninety sound human premolars were used. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to flat ground enamel surfaces using three self-etching adhesive systems: strong Adper Prompt L-Pop (pH=0.9–1.0), intermediary strong AdheSE (pH=1.6–1.7), and mild Frog (pH=2). Adhesive systems were applied either according to manufacturer instructions (control) or after pretreat

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Bassirou, INOUSSA Halidou, YAHOUZA Zaneidou, AMADOU HAMIDOU Abdoulaye, and ZANGUINA Adamou. "Study of the Dissolution of Tahoua Natural Phosphate by Mineral Acids: Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfuric Acid." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 11 (2024): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i115128.

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The transformation of natural phosphorus into plant nutrient phosphorus, natural phosphates from Tahoua were dissolved in mineral acids, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Dissolution was effected at various concentrations (0.01M; 0.1M and 1M) and stirring times (1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours). The results show that for all two acids (2), the dissolution rate is greater in concentrated acid solutions (1M) and for the 5-hour attack time. These rates are 38.37% and 34.87% respectively for sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. Dissolution of Tahoua natural phosphate depends on the concentrati

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Sajjad, Mehvish, Nadia Munir, Naveed Inayat, Aneela Qaiser, Mehreen Wajahat, and Mahwish Wahad Khan. "SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ETCH AND RINSE ADHESIVES TO DENTIN: COMPARISON OF BOND STRENGTH AFTER ACID AND PAPACARIE PRE-TREATMENT." Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 34, no. 1 (2021): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55519/jamc-01-9292.

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Background: Papacarie pre-treatment of dentin surface has been reported to exhibit good bond strength values between dentin and composites. Its desirable properties like high pH, sites specify and anti-inflammatory response makes it a future material in place acid etching pre-treatment. Acid etching may cause sensitivity and collapse of dentinal matrix. Methods: This in-vitro study involved, 60 caries free extracted premolars, randomly divided into three groups. Control Group (Group A) No pre-treatment of dentin prior adhesive application. Experimental Group B acid etchant was applied before a

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Butkutė, Agnė, Romualdas Sirutkaitis, Darius Gailevičius, Domas Paipulas, and Valdas Sirutkaitis. "Sapphire Selective Laser Etching Dependence on Radiation Wavelength and Etchant." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010007.

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Transparent and high-hardness materials have become the object of wide interest due to their optical and mechanical properties; most notably, concerning technical glasses and crystals. A notable example is sapphire—one of the most rigid materials having impressive mechanical stability, high melting point and a wide transparency window reaching into the UV range, together with impressive laser-induced damage thresholds. Nonetheless, using this material for 3D micro-fabrication is not straightforward due to its brittle nature. On the microscale, selective laser etching (SLE) technology is an app

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Nishizawa, Yusaku, Tatsuo Kawamoto, and Hiroshi Ikeda. "Bonding Pretreatment of Aesthetic Dental CAD-CAM Materials through Surface Etching with a Mixed Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Fluoride and Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 3 (2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030071.

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used as an etchant for the pretreatment of dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials, such as glass-ceramics and resin composites. Despite its effectiveness, the harmful and hazardous nature of HF has raised significant safety concerns. In contrast, ammonium fluoride (AF) is known for its relatively low toxicity but has limited etching capability. This study explored the potential of ammonium hydrogen sulfate (AHS), a low-toxicity and weak acid, to enhance the etching ability of aqueous AF solutions for the bonding pretreat

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Rizky, Novi Sagita, Rasmi Rikmasari, and Setyawan Bonifacius. "Evaluation of Zirconia Surface Roughness after Different Surface Treatment with Sandblasting, Hydrofluoric Acid Etching, and Combination Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 932 (September 20, 2022): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-46wccw.

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Zirconia is one of the materials used in prosthetic restoration because of its better physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. The surface treatment for zirconia can be mechanical, with grinding, sandblasting, and laser or chemically, with silane and etching. The combination of chemical and mechanical surface treatment can increase the surface roughness so that the bonding with the resin cement also increases. The study aims to examine the zirconia surface roughness after different surface treatments. This study used 25 zirconia samples in 10x10x2 mm square-shaped, divided in

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Han, Jongwon, and Sangwoo Lim. "Addition of Iodine Compounds in H₃PO₄ Solution for the Increase in Si₃N₄ Etching Rate." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 31 (2024): 2269. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02312269mtgabs.

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Highly selective etching of silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers in the Si3N4/SiO2 multi-stack structure is crucial for the fabrication of 3D NAND flash memory devices. A high-temperature 85 wt% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution is commonly used for this process. With the increasing demand for higher-density memory devices, the number of stacked Si3N4-SiO2 pair-layers in 3D NAND devices continues to increase. This increase in the number of stacks produces various challenges in the selective Si3N4 etching process. For example, the Si3N4 etch byproduct cannot be effectively diffused out of the 3D NAND

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Ayub, Fakhrana Ariani, Sunarso Sunarso, and Ratna Sari Dewi. "Influence of Acid Composition on Morphology and Physical Properties of Titanium Alloy." F1000Research 14 (February 17, 2025): 216. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159566.1.

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Background Surface modifications of titanium alloys used in dental implants can significantly change the implants’ micro and nano topography and composition. These alterations can lead to substantial improvements in mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, osseointegration, and antibacterial performance, as well as positively influencing osteoblast activity and bone formation processes. This paper investigates the effect of the combination of acid etching on titanium alloys’ surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity. Methods A titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) disc with a diameter of 12 mm and th

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Yang, Xiaoyu, Ying Liu, Lin Wu, et al. "Metal Ions’ Dynamic Effect on Metal-Assisted Catalyzed Etching of Silicon in Acid Solution." Coatings 14, no. 11 (2024): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111405.

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Metal-assisted catalyzed etching (MACE) technology is convenient and efficient for fabricating large-area silicon nanowires at room temperature. However, the mechanism requires further exploration, particularly the dynamic effect of various ions in the acid-etching solution. This paper investigated the MACE of silicon wafers predeposited with metal nanofilms in an HF-M(NO3)x-H2O etching solution (where M(NO3)x is the nitrate of the fourth-period elements of the periodic table). The oxidizing ability of Fe3+ and NO3− was demonstrated, and the dynamic influence of metal ions on the etching proce

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Espinosa, Roberto, Roberto Valencia, Mario Uribe, Israel Ceja, and Marc Saadia. "Enamel Deproteinization and Its Effect on Acid Etching: An in vitro Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 33, no. 1 (2008): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.33.1.ng5462w5746j766p.

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Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify the topographical features of the enamel surface deproteinized and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) compared to phosphoric acid alone. Materials and method: Ten extracted lower first and second permanent molars were polished with pumice and water, and then divided into 4 equal buccal sections having similar physical and chemical properties. The enamel surfaces of each group were subjected to the following treatments: Group A: Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Group AH1: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 30 seconds follow

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Kukiattrakoon, Boonlert, and Kewalin Thammasitboon. "Optimal acidulated phosphate fluoride gel etching time for surface treatment of feldspathic porcelain: on shear bond strength to resin composite." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 01 (2012): 063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698932.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain after acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel treatment over different periods of timeMethods: One hundred and fifty-six feldspathic specimens were divided into 12 groups. Group C received no treatment (control group). Groups APF1 through APF10, ten experimental groups, were treated with 1.23% APF gel. Each group obtained 1 to 10 minutes of etching time in 1 minute increments, respectively. Group HF2 was treated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 2 minutes. All specimen

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