Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acide ascorbique'
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Bordignon, Benoît. "Cibles thérapeutiques d'analogues de l'acide ascorbique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5042.
Full textAscorbic acid (AA) was long described as an antiproliferative agent. However, the molecule has to be used at very high concentrations, which necessitates intravenous injections. In addition, the tight regulation of in-blood and in-cell AA concentrations makes it impossible to hold very high concentrations for any substantial length of time.In collaboration with KaironKem, we undertook the creation of a focused chemical library of AA derivatives. The aim of this work was therefore to identify derivatives molecules with antiproliferative action higher than AA. Among these new molecules, we selected K873 that has cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on different human tumor cells at tenth micromolar concentration, without being toxic for normal cells. We then tested in vivo the effect of treatment with K873's daily injections in xenografted immunodeficient mice with human cancer cells. K873 showed an antiproliferative effect on tumor growth similar to AA but at doses 100 to 200 times lower.Finally we studied the mechanism of action of K873. As AA, it decreases the expression of two genes families involved in cell cycle progression, i.e. initiation factor of translation and tRNA synthetases. Our results also showed that the specific intracellular transporter of AA (SVCT2) is not used for K873 entry in cells, thus bypassing saturation. Finally, as AA, K873 reduced cAMP intracellular level but without antioxidant activity. Our findings suggest that AA derivatives could be a promising new class of anti-cancer drugs
Rahal, Nassima. "Estérification enzymatique d'acides gras polyinsaturés par l'acide L-Abscorbique : préparation de dérivés plus résistants à l'auto-oxydation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL044N.
Full textGouillou-Coustans, Marie-Françoise. "Etude des effets de la carence en acide ascorbique chez le turbot Scophthalmus maximus L." Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2016.
Full textBelin, Sophie. "Acide ascorbique et pathologies humaines : de la maladie rare à la maladie fréquente." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20703.
Full textRossa, Denis. "Intérêt actuel de la vitamine C (acide ascorbique) en thérapeutique : placebo ou panacée." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11222.
Full textDai-Dong, Jun Xia. "Etude physicochimique de l'interaction entre la vitamine C et la β-lactoglobuline." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL077N.
Full textLaunay, Katy Agard Christian. "Hypovitaminose C et précarité étude prospective à la Permanence d'Accès aux Soins de Santé du CHU de Nantes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDlaunay.pdf.
Full textHan, Jun. "Etude de la synthèse de nanoparticules d'or biocompatibles en système millifluidique." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066205.
Full textIn this work, we used a continuous flow mixing device to study a fast synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These particles are obtained by the reduction of HAuCl4 by ascorbic acid in aqueous medium without any surfactant. An experimental setup based on rapid mixing of the reactants and a continuous flow (either at the milli or microfluidic scale) has been built. A series of experiments were carried out by varying the initial pH of the reducing agent and the concentration of the precursors. The final states of the colloidal samples were characterized using UV, TEM and SAXS. We demonstrated that in the chosen scheme of reaction, the initial pH of the reducing agent solution is an effective parameter to control the final size of the nanoparticles. The influence of the mixing mode and flow rates are discussed. The kinetics of reduction and growth were followed by in situ UV, SAXS and XANES with a sub-second resolution. The number density, size distributions of the AuNPs together with the yield of the reaction as well as the speciation of gold solution have been obtained with time. It shows in particular that the reaction is faster for higher pH, yielding smaller particles. Depending on the initial pH of reducing agent, the nucleation and growth can be either simultaneous or separated in time. Finally, we interpreted the results using a model that couples the Classical Nucleation Theory, growth rules for the objects in dispersion with an injection law of monomers
Sekli-Belaidi, Fadhila. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'électrodes par un film de poly (3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) PEDOT pour l'élaboration de microcapteur spécifique des acides ascorbique et urique : application à l'étude des propriétés antioxydantes du sérum sanguin." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1144/.
Full textAscorbic (AA) and uric (UA) acids are of a great biological interest considering the various physiological roles they play (antioxidants, cofactor of hydroxylation, marker of the purins metabolism). In medicine, the assay of both molecules contributes to the establishment of diagnosis and therapies. In alternative to the traditional methods currently used (high performance chromatography liquid and spectrometry), which are generally time consuming and often require costly materials, complex experimental protocols and sample pretreatment, the aim of this work is to develop a voltammetric microsensor functionalized by a electrogenerated conducting polymer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT. This sensor made possible a selective and sensitive simultaneous detection of both acids. The study of the electropolymerization parameters (PEDOT film thickness, electropolymerization potential range, monomer concentration) and of the electrochemical measurements parameters (potential scan rate) allows the optimization of the analytical performances of the microsensor (sensitivity, limit of detection and linear range). The study highlighted also an EC’ mechanism of regeneration of uric acid by ascorbic acid in the vicinity of the electrode. Electrochemical assay of the two acids was finally performed in the human blood serum without any preparation of the sample. The results are in very good agreement with those of the standardized chromatographic and enzymatic methods
Montel, Amélie. "Transport du glucose et de la vitamine C dans les érythrocytes : un lien entre GLUT1 et l'évolution." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20033.
Full textThe generation of blood cells, a process termed hematopoiesis, involves cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The high levels of energy required in this process suggest that glucose metabolism should be an important regulator, but this question has not been extensively studied. Human erythrocytes express the highest level of the GLUT1 glucose transporter, and my PhD research focused on the role of GLUT1 during erythropoiesis. GLUT1 expression increased during differentiation but was not associated with an increased glucose transport. Indeed, I determined that in contrast to nucleated cells, erythrocytes preferentially transport L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA). I identifi ed stomatin, an integral erythrocyte membrane protein that binds GLUT1, as regulating the switch from glucose to DHA transport. Notably though, we found that erythrocyte GLUT1 and associated DHA uptake are unique traits of humans and the few other mammals (higher primates, guinea pig and fruit bat) unable to synthesize vitamin C. As erythrocyte GLUT1 allows AA recycling, this constitutes an evolutionary strategy compensating for vitamin C defi ciency. Significantly, we found that erythrocytes from all tested mammalian species express high levels of GLUT1 at birth, a trait that is rapidly lost during the neonatal period. Using a murine model, I determined that GLUT4 is expressed during the adult period but does not permit DHA transport. Moreover, in adult mice, anemia induced erythropoiesis resulted in a dramatic induction of GLUT4, but not GLUT1. The concomitant repression of GLUT1 and induction of GLUT4 was associated with a change in the balance of Sp3/Sp1 transcription factors. This study raises new perspectives in erythropoiesis, notably on the implications of glucose transporters in erythrocyte pathologies
Kaltsatos, Vassilios. "Contribution à la microencapsulation par coacervation ou séparation de phases en milieu non aqueux : rôle de l'agent nucléant : application à la microencapsulation de l'acide ascorbique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T005.
Full textCanivez, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des réactions d'hydroxylation de l'aniline au cours de l'activité péroxydase de l'hémoglobine." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD330.
Full textHydroxylation reactions of aniline are obtained in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. Metal traces do not catalyse these reactions in the medium described in this study. During the hydroxylation reactions, presence of hydroxyl radicals in the medium is not observed. Hemoglobin must be in its native form to develop this kind of reactions. If hemoglobin is denatured by heating or in the course of reaction, peroxydase activity of hemoglobin grows up in state of hydroxylation activity. Ascorbic acid is essential to the expression of hydroxylation reactions. Yield of p-aminophol formed per aniline consumed is approximatively hundred per cent. The mecanism of reaction is very similar to that of peroxygenase activity of cytochrome P450
Humeau-Virot, Catherine. "Synthèse enzymatique du palmitate d'ascorbyle application à la synthèse d'esters d'acide L-ascorbique et de lipides polyinsaturés hautement oxydables." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL094N.
Full textGratade, Pascale. "La vitamine C : ses mécanismes biochimiques d'intervention." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P109.
Full textGehin, Audrey. "Effets cytotoxiques du glyphosate seul ou inclus dans le Roundup 3 plus® sur la barrière cutanée : essais de cytoprotection par des antioxydants, libres ou vectorisés." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESAA004.
Full textRoundup 3 plus®, a glyphosate-based herbicide, is widely used in agriculture, but its extensive use is responsible for a health risk in human. The aim of this thesis was double: to investigate and compare the antioxidant imbalance induced by glyphosate alone or included in Roundup 3 plus®, the cell cycle and apoptosis of human cutaneous ceIls, and to modulate these toxic effects with antioxidants or vectorisation. An experimental design was used to choose concentrations, and effects were measured on keratinocyte cultures. Our results showed. That glyphosate, alone or formulated, induced significant changes in antioxidant status and increased cell death and caspase 3 activities. Antioxidant supplementation modulated these enzymatic activities, reduced apoptosis in herbicide-treated keratinocytes. The cutaneous toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide might aIso concretely be reduced by the presence of antioxidants in the formulations
Pakpayat, Assavarat Natthilda. "Formulation et évaluation de l'acide ascorbique dans des microémulsions et nanoémulsions à base d'alkylpolyglucosides." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13502.
Full textVignaud, Caroline. "Etude de systèmes d'oxydoréduction susceptibles de contribuer à la consommation de composés thiols au cours du pétrissage des pâtes de farine de blé." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112238.
Full textDuring wheat flour dough mixing, low molecular weight (LMW) thiols consumption is known to influence the gluten network structure since these compounds can participate to exchange reactions SH / SS with proteins. In breadmaking, recently, fungal enzymes are proposed as "the natural alternative" to the use of chemical improving agents (KbrO3 ascorbic acid AA) to oxidise LMW thiols. In this respect, sulphydryl oxidase (SOX) from Aspergillus niger was studied and its action was compared to those of KbrO3 and wheat glutathione deshydrogenase (GSH-DHase). Firstly, the developed purification procedure of A. Niger SOX allowed to eliminate the catalase, the main contaminating activity present in the enzymatic sample. Kinetic studies have shown that SOX oxidised preferentially glutathione (GSH) and its activity was enhanced by cysteine (CSH). The second part of this work was to develop methods to quantify the oxidised and reduced forms of GSH and CSH. Thus, HPLC equipped with a coulometric or UV detector allowed the separation and simultaneous assay of GSH, CSH, GSSG, GSSC and CSSC. The 3 disulphides were also analysed by gel filtration with an UV detection. The comparison of the disulphide formation by the 3 different oxidising systems from mixtures of GSH and CSH was then investigated. While KbrO3 produces predominantly CSSC, SOX and GSH-DHase generated GSSG and GSSC, respectively. Lastly, enzymatic associations in model systems have been examined. When SOX is in the presence of GSH-DHase, both enzymes competed for the GSH consumption. The association of SOX and wheat germ peroxidase (POD) revealed that SOX was able to activate POD by producing H2O2. Thus, in dough, the use of SOX may influence oxidoreducing systems and consequently modify flour dough properties
Rahman, Fryad. "Mécanisme d'action de l'acide ascorbique sur la différenciation et le développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5010.
Full textAA has been considered for a long time as a molecule involved in nutrition, to prevent scurvy. Our hypothesis is that AA could also be involved in development during embryogenesis, as well as in cell differentiation in adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential implication of AA in cell differentiation, especially of mesenchyme cells, and to propose potential pathways that could be involved in these processes. Using murine ESCs we observed that AA markedly enhance the differentiation of ESCs toward muscle cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that induction of myocytes by AA involves p38MAPK pathway and p-CREB. Moreover, we demonstrated that AA acts in mirror with retinoic acid. ESCs treated with RA mainly differentiate into neuronal cells, but AA compete, in a dosage dependent way to this differentiation. AA induces differentiation of ESCs into cardiac myocytes and could probably acts through p38MAPK pathway. Regarding adipocyte we revealed that SVCT2 expression significantly decreased as preadipocytes cells differentiate to adipocytes. This data suggests that mature adipocytes could not receive signals from AA. In addition, our results show that the expression of SVCT2 is increased in cells treated with AA and without IBMX. Moreover, we demonstrated that AA evolves in decreasing of cells containing lipids. Finally, we demonstrated that AA is not only involved in muscle differentiation of mesenchyme but is also involved in adipose tissue as a negative inducer. In conclusion, AA drives differentiation of ESCs toward muscle cells and osteoblast, incompetition with RA, and has a negative effect on adipogenesis and neurogenesis differentiation
Tokgoz, Nur Selcan. "Optimisation d'une émulsion multiple H/L/H renfermant de l'acide ascorbique, étude de libération et évaluation cosmétique." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114826.
Full textKaya, Ferdinand. "Mode d'action de l'acide ascorbique sur l'expression du gène PMP22 et ses conséquences physiopathologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20688.
Full textCharcot-Marie-Tooth [CMT] syndrome is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. Usually results from triploidy of the PMP22 gene. Preclinical trials using an animal model show that disabled mice force-fed with high doses of ascorbic acid partially recover muscular strength after a few months of treatment, and suggest that high doses of ascorbic acid repress PMP22 expression. In this study, we demonstrated that ascorbic acid represses PMP22 gene expression by acting on intracellular cAMP levels and adenylate cyclase activity. This action is dose-dependent and specific to ascorbic acid, since repression is not observed after treatment with other antioxidants. Indeed we showed that ascorbic acid is a competitive inhibitor of cyclase adenylate enzyme. This work enabled us to propose an unsuspected mechanism of action explaining the phenotype correction, and to identify two new potential therapeutic targets : the ascorbic acid would act directly on the PMP22 gene expression by decreasing intracellular cAMP concentration via the inhibition of the adenylate cyclase activity
Gomez, ruiz Braulio. "Prédiction de la dégradation de la vitamine C en conditions de traitement thermique : étude en milieu modèle liquide entre 50 et 90 °C." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0002.
Full textVitamin C is often used as an indicator of labile nutrient retention in processed products because of its sensitivity to processing and conservation conditions. Understanding the behavior of vitamin C in complex matrices transformation processes is difficult, due to the importance of several parameters that affect its degradation (temperature, pH, exposure to light, the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts). Studying reactivity in a simple environment of known composition, under controlled conditions, is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms and for modelling in order to predict the impact of process parameters on the residual vitamin content. The present research aims at contributing to this goal for temperatures of a transformation process (50 - 90 °C), while decoupling the effect of concentration of dissolved oxygen (between 0 and 30%). To achieve this, a simple and rapid method of quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) was first developed and validated. It allowed obtaining a reaction database for different couples of temperature and oxygen concentration, in a buffered and perfectly stirred medium. Two kinetic models were developed: a simple reaction model to predict the degradation of AA, and a more complex model taking into consideration both oxidative and thermal degradation pathways on the degradation kinetics of AA and DHAA. Both models show a good fit to experimental data and a strong correlation between k1 reaction rate of the oxidation reaction and the stoichiometric coefficient β relative to oxygen. A linear relationship between β and temperature was also proposed
Connaulte, Julie. "Contribution de substances endogènes et exogènes au pouvoir antioxydant et antiradicalaire de fruits secs." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30049.
Full textRojas, Gonzalez Juan Alfredo. "Impact de l'opération de friture du plantain (Musa AAB "barraganete") sur différents marqueurs nutritionnels : caractérisation et modélisation." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/4530/01/2007AGPT0082.pdf.
Full textFarah, Mohamed. "Étude de l'effet de réducteurs chimiques sur l'activité peroxydase et la stabilité de l'hémoglobine : l'acide ascorbique et l'acide dihydroxyfumarique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD449.
Full textDeslous, Paul. "Towards the characterization of regulators involved in the metabolism of ascorbic acid in tomato : Impact of environmental conditions on plant adaptation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0372.
Full textAscorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) is one of the most important biochemical in living organisms. Due to its high antioxidant potential, AsA represents an important trait of nutritional quality in fruits and vegetables. In addition to its beneficial health value in fruit consumption, increasing fruit AsA content would likely affect postharvest quality and resistance to pathogens. Thus, understanding the regulation of AsA accumulation in order to improve crop species of agronomical interest is an important issue in plant breeding for many fleshy fruit species. To get a better understanding of the regulation of AsA level in plants and its impact on fruit quality, a highly mutagenized EMS tomato collection (cv. Micro-Tom) was screened for AsA+ fruit mutants. This forward genetic strategy combined with a mapping-by-sequencing approach, had allowed identifying new genes related to the AsA+ trait. One of the mutant line named P21H6, displayed an AsA-enrichment 2 to 4 fold that of the WT, and was the first to be genetically characterized. It allowed highlighting a new class of photoreceptor involved in blue light sensing named SlPLP as a negative regulator of AsA accumulation in tomato. We confirmed the role of the PLP in the fruit AsA+ phenotype using a directed mutagenesis strategy, undertaking its functional characterization. We demonstrate that PLP interacts with GGP (GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase), a key enzyme of the L-Galactose pathway, under blue light control and that this interaction takes place in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Our results strengthen the central role of GGP in the AsA biosynthesis and suggest a new regulation mechanism by blue light of the GGP function in addition to its metabolic activity. Besides we started the characterization another mutant, the P17C5-3, which displayed the highest level of AsA (up to 10 times the WT). Beyond its AsA+ content, the P17C5 mutant showed strong morphological alterations including a seedless phenotype making the mapping difficult at first. Thanks to the crossing with the commercial M82 tomato cultivar, the causal mutation was identified in a cis-acting ORF, upstream of the GGP gene. This result confirmed the key role of GGP in the L-Galactose pathway. Preliminary studies related to the parthenocarpic phenotype suggest a problem of male sterility associated with pollen development processes. Finally, in the study of the post-harvest fruit quality, chilling stress experiments carried out with the P21H6 fruits seem to demonstrate that increasing AsA content improve the fruit shelf life and its maturation capacity. Taken as a whole, our results confirmed the key position of the GGP protein in the AsA biosynthesis pathway and they provided precious tools and plant material for deciphering the regulation of AsA and its physiological role in fruit quality and post-harvest traits
Bondet, Vincent. "Oxydation de l'acide linoléique initiée par le système fer (II) / acide ascorbique en milieu dispersé : Mécanismes réactionnels et modes d'action de quelques antioxydants phénoliques." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1187.
Full textThe antioxidant behaviour of phenolic compounds depends on several factors with the structure of the medium playing a major part. The inhibition effects of 17 phenolic compounds on the oxidation of linoleic acid dispersed in an aqueous phase were studied. Conjugated dienes typically formed during the fust step of oxidation, and volatile compounds coming frOID the decomposition ofhydroperoxides, were monitored simultaneously in this study. The iron-ascorbate system was used as oxidation initiator and the experimental conditions were first adjusted. Mechanisms involving various active species were studied and appropriate concentration levels were chosen to achieve a simple and exploitable response. Ln that dispersed medium, a series of reactions and migrations of active species took place. The quick first step which was induced by the iron-ascorbate system was generated at the interface and gave way to a propagation step which took place in much deeper layers and which was characterised by a steady - rate for several hours. A relation between the efficiency of the studied antioxidants against the production of volatile compounds which are typical of rancidity and their ability to inhibit the formation of dienes was demonstrated. The relation between high antioxidant effect and apolarity has been established as in the 'polar paradox' firstly described by PORTER. This phenomena is explained by the concentration of non-polar compounds at the interface of the micelles. For similar polarities, antioxidant effect seemed to increase with the number of phenolic functions or groups able to chelate iron ions. To study the antiradical effect separately, the reduction of DPPH radical by three different antioxidants (BHT, eugenol and isoeugenol) in methanol was the method of choice. Bach molecule showed its own antiradical kinetics, reaction time, stoichiometry and reaction orders. Reactional mechanisms were proposed for each case
Richard, William. "Nouvelle stratégie de fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'électrodes à base de sels de diazonium : application aux capteurs à antioxydants." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2231/.
Full textThe work here discussed is a fundamental study of the electrochemical reduction of the 4-nitrobenzene diazonium (NBD). Mechanistic and kinetic studies shed some light on the parts of the NBD reactivity and completed literature data about the subject. An NBD-functionalized antioxidant sensor has been envisaged, allowing the assay of ascorbic acid (AA). In a second time, a combined functionalization using a diazonium salt and a conductive polymer, the polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) coupled diazonium stability and electrocatalytic properties of PEDOT towards AA and uric acid, two major antioxidants. The modification parameters optimization of the interface and analytical performances determination highlighted the influence of the polymer structure on the sensor response
Courtiere, Alain. "Etude in vivo chez le rat et la souris et in vitro sur membranes cellulaires de l'impact toxique de l'oxygène : modifications de récepteurs membranaires et variations endogènes de la lipoperoxydation, de l'acide ascorbique et de la superoxyde dismutase à cuivre." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10084.
Full textDusart, Nicolas. "Réponses du peuplier soumis à une combinaison de contraintes, ozone et sécheresse : dynamique de la conductance stomatique et des capacités antioxydantes foliaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0070/document.
Full textClimate models indicate that it is very likely that plants will be more and more exposed to two environmental stressors: ground-level ozone (O3) and soil water deficit, both causing oxidative stress to the plant. Under natural conditions, these two factors can be concomitant or successive. Therefore, the impact of O3 and drought requires special attention. In order to determine the defensive responses adopted by trees, two genotypes of Populus nigra x deltoides (Carpaccio and Robusta) were exposed to separate or combined stresses under controlled conditions in growing chambers. To explore the effects of stresses and their interaction, we targeted the plant’s first two levels of defence: i) the control of stomatal opening and closing, ii) the cellular detoxification processes. Our results show that both Carpaccio and Robusta are relatively tolerant to moderate drought thanks to an efficient stomatal control. However, different response strategies were adopted by the two genotypes to cope with O3. For Carpaccio, the strategy is avoidance, and for Robusta, the strategy is maximization of net CO2 assimilation at the expense of leaves. This results in a difference in the stomatal closure. The two genotypes do not face the same flow of O3 entering the leaves. This impacts cellular detoxification in which glutathione seems to play a major role. Also, the activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (MDHAR, DHAR and GR) and/or the expression of genes encoding these proteins are modified. Under combined stresses, the water deficit protects the plant from the O3-induced oxidative stress by amplifying the stomatal closure. Nevertheless, the tree growth is impacted by the additive effect of the two stresses. Furthermore, the induction of different hormonal regulatory pathways by the two stressors could modify the complex "cross-talk" regulating the response to combined stress. Finally, in the case of a succession of stresses, exposure to O3 prior to a drought episode has a weak impact on the tree's response. However, O3 induced a stomatal sluggishness in closure despite the cessation of fumigation. It is therefore necessary to take into account stomatal closure and sluggishness induced by O3 and water deficit in the stomatal conductance models used to calculate the indicator of O3 flux inside the leaves, PODy (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of y nmol O3 m-2.s-1)
Bournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
Full textThe ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Sagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
Full textThe company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
Schmuck, Anne. "Le risque oxydatif chez le sujet âgé institutionnalisé." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE18006.
Full textAl, Fata Nizar. "Conception et exploitation d’un dispositif expérimental instrumenté pour la prévision de la dégradation de la qualité nutritionnelle et de l’inactivation microorganismes dans les fruits et légumes transformés." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0265/document.
Full textCanning involves thermal treatments performed at high temperatures, which may alter nutrional quality of food products. Indeed, some vitamins, like vitamin C, are very heat sensitive.The aim of the project PREDINUT was to propose a decision support tool that predicts vitamin C (as indicator of nutritional quality) degradation in given conditions of time/temperature, in order to optimise processes.A thermoresistometer Mastia® was used to reach the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during canning. The impact of the variation pH, initial concentration of ascorbic acid or again partial pressure of oxygen in headspace, on ascorbic acid degradation was studied in model solution. Studies were also performed in apple puree, carrot puree and carrot juice in order to obtain a destruction profile of vitamin C in real foods. . The temperature range studied was from 95 to 125 °C, the fixed pH in model solution was from 2.5 to 5.5 in strict anaerobic conditions, and 3.5 in aerobic conditions (3.5 being the pH value of common fruits), initial concentrations of ascorbic acid varied from 150 to 900 mg/100mL, and the partial pressure of oxygen from 30000 to 100000 Pa. Foods were enriched in ascorbic acid (up to 450 mg/mL), and the pH value was not adjusted.Models were established to describe the kinetics of vitamin C degradation in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. En absence of oxygen ascorbic acid degradation was well described by a first order kinetics (except at pH = 4.5). In presence of oxygen the degradation speed increased with head-space oxygen’s partial pressure but very little with temperature. Apparent reaction orders varying from 0.5 to 0.75, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen in the headspace, fitted the data better than first-order.In foods, degradation kinetics of vitamin C appeared more complex, with eventual presence of plateaus followed by acceleration of the reaction. Definitely more knowledge on mechanisms is needed to predict ascorbic acid degradation in real foods
Bugeon, Jérôme. "Contribution du tissu conjonctif et du collagène dans les relations structure et texture de la chair de truite." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10046.
Full textPénicaud, Caroline. "Etude et modélisation du couplage entre le transfert d’oxygène et les réactions d’oxydation dans les aliments au cours de leur conservation." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20197.
Full textDissolved oxygen in food can react with lipids, proteins, sugars, vitamins, flavour compounds, leading to a decrease in nutritional and organoleptic qualities of food during processing and storage. The objective of this study is thus to initiate and develop an approach allowing study and modelling of the impact of oxygen on oxidation kinetics in food. Ascorbic acid was chosen as target compound. First, an assay method on microplates, fast and accurate, was developed and statistically validated. Then, our model coupling diffusive (oxygen and ascorbic acid diffusivities) and reactional (partial orders of reaction and kinetics constant rates) parameters was build on the basis of conservation equations on each compound (ascorbic acid and oxygen). Characterisation of diffusive and reactional parameters was thus necessary. A method to measure oxygen diffusivity was developed using luminescence quenching sensors placed within the product. Oxygen content could be monitored in liquid, solid, aqueous and lipidic food products, exposed to increasing surrounding oxygen. A kinetics law for ascorbic acid oxidation was established in liquid medium under conditions which prevented reactants transfer phenomena. Ascorbic acid diffusivity was also identified on agar gel. Coupling model fully characterised allowed predicting evolution of local ascorbic acid and oxygen contents in gel submitted to different surrounding oxygen contents going from 0% (simulating anaerobic conditions) to 21% (simulating ambient air). This model can also predict global ascorbic acid content in product with time. This work built necessary basis to elaborate a model which could further be the central element of a numerical tool for decision making aid to rationally design strategies to protect interest compounds in food
Gérard, Hervé. "Mise en évidence d'une réaction de déshalogénation catalysée par l'hémoglobine." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD194.
Full textHuman haemoglobin can catalyze various reactions like hydroxylations and peroxydations,similar to cytochrome P450 reactions. Haemoglobin with ascorbic acid and oxygen can dehalogenate various organochlorines like DDT, perchloroethane and benzylchloreehalides. The study of the dehalogenation of p-nitrobenzylchloride show us the reductive pathway of this reaction but also the necessary of little quantity of oxygen. This reaction requires two reduction. The first one needs ascorbic acid and the second one needs semidehydroascorbic acid generated by oxygen molecular
Chepda, Thierry. "Biodisponibilité et interaction de l'ascorbate et du tocophérol dans un milieu de culture cellulaire." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET002T.
Full textRichard-Rousseau, Claire. "Inhibition de l'oxydation induite du linolénate de méthyle par des dérivés phénoliques ou par les vitamines E ou C : Effets de synergie de la vitamine C ou de composés aminés sur les propriétés inhibitrices de la vitamine E." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10017.
Full textFulpin, Isabelle. "Mise en oeuvre d'une mono-oxygénase : influence de l'oxygène moléculaire." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD403.
Full textThe goal of this study was to make use of an immobilized enzyme reactor, containing alpha-amidating activity, to produce peptidic hormones continuously. As the enzyme, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (PAM), is a mono-oxygenase, it uses molecular oxygen as a substrate, and a reductor, ascorbic acid. In this case, toxic molecules are produced by auto-oxydation of ascorbic acid. The first part of our experimental work was the study of the PAM inactivation during functioning. We show that the low stability of the enzyme is due to the simultaneous presence of molecular oxygen and ascorbic acid. We also show that decreasing of dissolved oxygen concentration allows an enzyme stabilization. All along these studies, the numerous HPLC analyses have allowed to show the formation of a reactional intermediate, stable, enzymaticaly transformed in an amide peptide. In the second part of our experimental studies , we have chosen to make a non-exhaustive approach of the enzyme immobilization and its performance in open reactors. We show the feasability of the PAM immobilization. On the other side, preliminary studies with immobilized PAM have allowed to apprehend the problem of oxygen diffusion towards the enzyme and also those of the destabilization of immobilized PAM with oxygen and ascorbique acid
Alhagdow, Moftah Mohamed. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la GDP-D-mannose-3,5-épimérase et galactono-1,4-lactone déshydrogénase, enzymes de la voie de biosynthèse de la vitamine C chez la tomate." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13162.
Full textTenaud, Pascal. "La thioglucoside glucohydrolase (myrosinase) de graines de Sinapis alba : purification et effets de l'acide ascorbique et des espèces activées de l'oxygène sur la cinétique et la stabilité." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI231.
Full textThe thioglucoside glucohydrolase, involved in the flavour development within the french mustard paste, is prepared from seeds of Sinapis alba according to a new purification procedure. TGH C isoenzyme appears homogeneous using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient gel but it remains heterogeneous using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The kinetic behaviour of TGH B and TGH C isoenzymes is studied in presence of ascorbic acid known for its activation properties toward myrosinase activity. The kinetic model we propose fits qualitatively and quantitatively experimental results. With this model, we can define intrinsic kinetic parameters for each isoenzyme. Using coimmobilised TGH with ascorbate oxidase within an albumin film we establish theoretically and experimentally a link between TGH activity and an external parameter, in our case, the partial pressure of oxygen. With ascorbic acid and copper present in the medium, TGH B and TGH C are irreversibly inactive through oxidative modification with site specificity. Functional and physicochemical properties analysis show the occurrence of a conversion from TGH B to various isotypes of TGH C, during the inactivation
Lévêque, Nathalie. "Quantification de molécules biochimiques au niveau du derme humain par des techniques bio-analytiques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0017.
Full textXu, Dongdong. "The roles of specific Monodehydroascorbate Reductases in the Arabidopsis thaliana antioxidative system." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB071.
Full textHydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an important signalling molecule in plants, and contents are controlled by various systems, notably catalases (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidases (APX). Continued function of APX requires regeneration of ascorbate, for which several possibilities exist. One type of ascorbate-regenerating enzyme is monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), an NAD(P)H-dependent protein which is encoded by five MDAR genes in Arabidopsis. This work aimed to examine the importance of these genes using specific loss-of-function mutants allied to other techniques. Transcript analysis showed that knockout mutants could be obtained for all the genes. Assays of MDHAR activity in leaf extracts revealed that the peroxisomal MDAR1 encoded most of the NADH-dependent activity while NADPH-dependent activity was chiefly encoded by MDAR1 alongside cytosolic MDAR2. Apart from mdar4, which required sugar for germination and early post-germinative growth, all mutants showed a wild-type phenotype when grown in standard conditions. To explore whether the lack of phenotypic impact of the mutations was caused by gene redundancy, two approaches were undertaken. In the first, mutants were crossed with the cat2 mutant, which has greatly decreased leaf catalase activity, to test for interactions between different H₂O₂-removing systems. In the second, we sought to examine redundancy between the two MDAR genes encoding peroxisomal isoforms by producing double mdar1 mdar4 mutants. Based on molecular and biochemical analysis of all these lines, it can be concluded that expression of at least one peroxisomal isoform might be required for plant viability and that the cytosolic MDAR2 seems to encode the most important MDHAR in oxidative stress conditions. Intriguingly, introduction of mdar2 into the cat2 background weakened rather than enforced some responses to oxidative stress, pointing to novel signalling mechanisms related to MDHAR activity
Tsakem, Dongmo Solange Béatrice. "Etude du statut vitaminique C du sujet âgé hospitalisé en court séjour gériatrique ou en soins de suite et réadaptation." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130033.
Full textEl, Hajj Assaf Christelle. "Patulin, main mycotoxin of the apple industry : regulation of its biosynthetic pathway and influence of processing factors in cloudy apple juice production." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0148/document.
Full textAmong diseases affecting apples, blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum is a major concern. It causes yield and quality losses, as well as food safety issues due to the production of mycotoxins such as patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CIT). PAT is the most worrying one and has cytotoxic, genotoxic and immunosuppressive properties. The European Union (EU) has established specific regulations to protect the consumer’s health and maximum levels of PAT of 5 g/kg is set for fruit juices and derived products, 25 g/kg for apple purees and compotes and 10g/kg for food intended for babies and young children. However, PAT is still found in commercial food and/or beverage products, sometimes exceeding the maximum limits and more research is needed to minimize contamination of food products by this mycotoxin and its fungus. Even though most studies on P. expansum have focused on PAT itself, the genome of this fungus exhibits other predicted secondary metabolite (SM) clusters, some of which may be associated with potentially toxic metabolites. In order to control the synthesis of SMs, the study of global transcription factors regulating their production is essential. In a first part, the veA gene, belonging to the velvet family, was characterised and its impact on the development of the fungus, its virulence and its secondary metabolism was elucidated. The disruption of this gene led to the failure in PAT and CIT production and a decrease in the expression of their gene cluster. It also revealed a global impact on the secondary metabolism, as 15 of 35 backbone genes showed differential regulation on the media tested. In a second part, the influence of ascorbic acid (AA) on the concentration of PAT in cloudy apple juice was studied on both lab and semi-industrial scale. An analytical methodology separating PAT and other compounds generated during the reaction was optimized. Optimal conditions of action of AA on PAT were studied. In addition, degradation products less toxic than PAT and resulting from AA treatment were identified. To conclude, this thesis is part of the risk management of PAT in the fruit sector; it provides significant improvements at both fundamental and practical levels. These advances are mainly characterized by the description of a mutated strain of P. expansum that is less toxic than that naturally occurring in nature, and the description of a food additive that improves numerous products qualities and affects PAT concentration, thusgenerating less toxic compounds
Rojas-Gonzalez, Juan-Alfredo. "Impact de l'opération de friture du plantain (Musa AAB "barraganete") sur différents marqueurs nutritionnels : caractérisation et modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004530.
Full textDusart, Nicolas. "Réponses du peuplier soumis à une combinaison de contraintes, ozone et sécheresse : dynamique de la conductance stomatique et des capacités antioxydantes foliaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0070.
Full textClimate models indicate that it is very likely that plants will be more and more exposed to two environmental stressors: ground-level ozone (O3) and soil water deficit, both causing oxidative stress to the plant. Under natural conditions, these two factors can be concomitant or successive. Therefore, the impact of O3 and drought requires special attention. In order to determine the defensive responses adopted by trees, two genotypes of Populus nigra x deltoides (Carpaccio and Robusta) were exposed to separate or combined stresses under controlled conditions in growing chambers. To explore the effects of stresses and their interaction, we targeted the plant’s first two levels of defence: i) the control of stomatal opening and closing, ii) the cellular detoxification processes. Our results show that both Carpaccio and Robusta are relatively tolerant to moderate drought thanks to an efficient stomatal control. However, different response strategies were adopted by the two genotypes to cope with O3. For Carpaccio, the strategy is avoidance, and for Robusta, the strategy is maximization of net CO2 assimilation at the expense of leaves. This results in a difference in the stomatal closure. The two genotypes do not face the same flow of O3 entering the leaves. This impacts cellular detoxification in which glutathione seems to play a major role. Also, the activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (MDHAR, DHAR and GR) and/or the expression of genes encoding these proteins are modified. Under combined stresses, the water deficit protects the plant from the O3-induced oxidative stress by amplifying the stomatal closure. Nevertheless, the tree growth is impacted by the additive effect of the two stresses. Furthermore, the induction of different hormonal regulatory pathways by the two stressors could modify the complex "cross-talk" regulating the response to combined stress. Finally, in the case of a succession of stresses, exposure to O3 prior to a drought episode has a weak impact on the tree's response. However, O3 induced a stomatal sluggishness in closure despite the cessation of fumigation. It is therefore necessary to take into account stomatal closure and sluggishness induced by O3 and water deficit in the stomatal conductance models used to calculate the indicator of O3 flux inside the leaves, PODy (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of y nmol O3 m-2.s-1)
Renois, Predelus Gina. "Séquençage par couplage de spectrométrie de masse et spectroscopie infrarouge de fragments de glycosaminoglycanes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1185/document.
Full textCarbohydrates are among the three major classes of biopolymers found in nature. They represent 75% of the biomass. Glycosaminoglycans are carbohydrates, they are present on the surface of cells and are responsible for cell signaling. They are important in many biological processes. Given their importance in biology and health, it is necessary to understand their mechanism. In this thesis we studied two types of glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides (chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate) with a new method that combines mass spectrometry with vibrational spectroscopy (MS / IR). We have shown that with this method the signature of the OH-fingerprint works for glycosaminoglycans which have COO- groups and sulfate groups in contrast to simple carbohydrates. This method also validated the relevance of sequencing for the elucidation of sulfate profiles and the nature of hexuronic in oligosaccharides of glycosaminoglycans. The sequencing approach significantly improves the structural resolution compared to the simple spectroscopic analysis of the precursor ion. It provides more information on oligosaccharides. And finally we proposed a protocol for the analysis of mixtures to determine the ratio of the different elements present in the mixture
Hei, Zhiliang. "Targeting acute myeloid leukemia through redox modulation by the drug combination of auranofin and vitamin C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL082.
Full textThe homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide species (NOS), along with the dynamics of redox processes, is crucial for regulating cell fate and maintaining normal cell function. Cancer cells typically maintain a persistent pro-oxidative state compared to normal cells. In fact, in cancer cells, cellular events such as activation of oncogenes, aberrant metabolic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and in some cases, defective antioxidant systems, can increase ROS levels, leading to intrinsic oxidative stress. This pro-oxidative state, along with their reliance on antioxidant systems for survival, provides a therapeutic window for selective targeting. Molecules that either generate ROS or inhibit antioxidant systems can elevate ROS levels beyond a critical threshold that is incompatible with cancer cell survival, without causing significant damage to normal cells. This concept forms the biological basis for redox-based anticancer therapy. The work described here aims to investigate the redox-based anticancer activity of the combination of auranofin (AUF) and vitamin C (VC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. AUF, an anti-rheumatic drug and known inhibitor of thioredoxin reductases, has been repurposed as a promising anticancer agent. VC, at high pharmacological concentrations, exhibits pro-oxidant properties. Our study demonstrated that the combination of AUF and VC exhibits synergistic toxicity against AML cell lines, effectively eliminating these cells with less toxicity to normal bone marrow stromal cells. The AUF/VC treatment significantly promoted ROS production in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria and markedly increased the levels of oxidized PRDX1 and PRDX3. Additionally, AUF/VC treatment reduced the total ATP content and rapidly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in leukemia cell lines. Our research also revealed that AUF/VC treatment impacts various signaling pathways in different leukemia cell lines. In particular, the combination rapidly affected the mTOR signaling pathway and influenced the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and p70S6K, possibly independent of the classical mTOR pathway, leading to a rapid inhibition of total protein synthesis in cells. This rapid inhibition of protein synthesis may contribute to cell death in leukemia cell lines. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of AUF/VC using 22 AML samples collected from patients. At pharmacologically achievable concentrations, the AUF/VC combination effectively killed a substantial number of primitive AML cells in the majority of samples tested with less toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. Colony-forming unit assays confirmed that the AUF/VC combination had potent activity against AML stem/progenitor cells while sparing some normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Overall, these results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of the AUF and VC combination. This combination of two non-toxic and readily available drugs could be effective against AML and potentially other cancers with similar redox properties. Further preclinical studies of this combination could pave the way for new redox-based anticancer therapies
Nesterenko, Alla. "Etude et fonctionnalisation de protéines végétales en vue de leur application en microencapsulation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0148/document.
Full textProteins extracted from vegetables are relatively low-cost, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable raw materials. They represent a good alternative to animal-based proteins and petroleum-extracted polymers. In this study, proteins derived from soybean and sunflower seeds were used as wall materials for microencapsulation of hydrophobic (-tocopherol) or hydrophilic (ascorbic acid) active material by spray-drying technique. Soybean proteins are widely used in food and non-food applications, especially in microencapsulation. They were studied in this work as wall material of reference. Sunflower proteins are not actually used in industrial application, but only in the form of oil-cake for animal feeding. That’s why new ways of valorization of this agricultural by-product should be investigated. Several proteins’ modifications such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acylation, cross-linking and cationization were studied in order to improve encapsulating properties of wall material. In the context of green chemistry, all the modifications and preparations were performed without use of organic solvents and chemical catalysts. The effect of protein chemical and enzymatic modifications, and process parameters (homogenization pressure, wall/core ratio and protein concentration) on different characteristics of liquid preparations and microparticles (viscosity, emulsion droplet size, microparticle size and morphology) and on parameters related to the spray-drying process (yield and efficiency of microencapsulation) was particularly investigated in this study. The obtained results confirmed that sunflower proteins are quite suitable as encapsulating agent and provide the microencapsulation efficiencies significantly higher compared to those obtained with soy proteins