Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acide sulfonique'
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Das, Joydeb. "Catalyse Asymétrique par les Acides de Brønsted : nouveaux développements pour la réaction d’aldolisation : conception et applications d’un acide sulfonique chiral original." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2027.
Full textOrganocatalysis is a tremendously growing area in the field of organic chemistry. Chiral Brønsted acid catalysis is one of the newest additions in the field asymmetric of organocatalysis. Recently, the first acid-catalyzed asymmetric direct aldol reaction was developed in our laboratory. Various acetophenone derivatives and α,β-unsaturated ketones, which are challenging substrates in enamine catalysis and even in Lewis acid catalysis for enones, were found to be suitable nucleophilic substrates in aldol reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids, thus expanding the scope of the organocatalyzed aldol reaction. An original electrophile, a vinylogous glyoxylate, was also used in the direct aldol reaction to afford -hydroxyketones with increased functional density in good yields and selectivities. The first Brønsted acid catalyzed kinetic resolution of secondary alcohol via elimination was developed. A new C2 symmetric chiral sulfonic acid was synthesized from a simple and commercially available phenol via a Newman-Kwart rearrangement in 5% overall yield. This acid catalyst was tested on several reactions and displayed in several cases a better catalytic efficiency than phosphoric acids. Unfortunately no useful enantioselectivities have been obtained so far
Sauguet, L. "Copolymères fluorés à base de fluorure de vinylidène porteur de groupements acide sulfonique ou acide phosphoniques pour membranes de piles à combustible." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394712.
Full textShaimi, Latifa. "Synthèse de chloroindènes à partir des réactions d'acylation d'oléfines par les dérivés aromatiques en milieu acide sulfonique fort." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601199s.
Full textShaimi, Latifa. "Synthèse de chloroindenes à partir des réactions d'acylation d'oléfines par les dérivés aromatiques en milieu acide sulfonique fort." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30060.
Full textEl, Kamchi Noureddine. "Synthèse et propriétés électroniques de nanocomposites à base de Polyaniline : application à la réalisation d’un micro capteur organique électronique d’ammoniac et au blindage électromagnétique dans les bandes X et Ku." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10010/document.
Full textIn this work, the structure and the properties of Polyaniline (PAni) based nanocomposites are investigated with the dual objective of conceiving an ammonia sensor with very low detection limit and a light electromagnetic shielding structure.Aspects relating to the band structure, the doping, the electron transport and percolation phenomena are discussed. Then, the preparation of composites was made from the doping of PAni by Camphor Sulfonic Acid (CSA), which allows the protonation of PAni in its insulating form (Emeraldine base). The molar ratio of the protonation ranges from 5% to 50%. However, when the PAni is doped, the mechanical properties are not compatible with the targeted applications. Therefore, it is essential to make blends with thermoplastics to combine the electrical properties of PAni with the mechanical properties of thermoplastic. In case of ammonia sensor, we particularly studied the influence of the nature of the host matrix and the effect of the doping level on the sensor metrological characteristics. The choice of the matrix and the stoichiometry between PAni and acid directly impact the detection threshold and the amplitude of the sensor response. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to detect concentrations of ammonia of about 10 ppb using composite based on PAni doped CSA, with a molar ratio of 25%, dispersed in Polyurethane (Pu) matrix. In the second part of this work, we have developed a hybrid multilayer material, based on PAni doped CSA and magnetic nanoparticles. The influence of electrical properties of each layer on the material performance was studied. A bilayer structure has been optimized for industrial standards (shielding effectiveness SE>40 dB) and military standards (SE>80 dB) of electromagnetic shielding. The total thicknesses that were retrieved are 530µm for SE>40 dB and 870µm for SE>80 dB. The realized structures are also able to absorb much of the incident waves, their absorption coefficients are greater than 4 dB over the frequency band [8-18GHz]
Bastien, Nathalie. "Fréquence et distribution des dimères cyclobutyliques de pyrimidines suite à une exposition aux UV et évaluation de l’effet protecteur de l’acide sulfonique 2-phénylbenzymidazole-5." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6835.
Full textAbstract : Exposure to the UV component of sunlight is the principal factor leading to skin cancer development. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) are considered as the most important DNA damage involved in skin carcinogenesis. CPD frequencies and their distribution between the four types of dipyrimidine sites are mostly investigated in vitro or using UVC, even if we are not exposed to these wavelengths. On the other hand, sunscreens are used to protect against CPD formation. The 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) is a sunscreen agent used because it absorbs UVB. However, previous studies have shown that PBSA oxidizes guanines in vitro, during UVB exposure. To address these issues, we chose to study the effect of PBSA, the DCP frequencies and their distribution frequency and distribution of CPD, as well as the influence of DNA sequence on CPD formation, in conditions more representative of reality. We irradiated normal human fibroblasts (in cellulo) and purified DNA (in vitro) with UVB and UVC. We compared the CPD distribution in cellulo and in vitro. Our results show that CPD distribution in cellulo is different to CPD distribution in vitro after UVB exposure. Then, we compared the impact of UV type on CPD formation and we found that TT are more frequently damaged after UVC exposure while potentially mutated dipyrimidine sites (dipyrimidine sites containing cytosine) are more frequently damaged after UVB exposure. Concerning the influence of DNA sequence on CPD formation, we observed that some dipyrimidine sites are extremely frequently damaged compared to others and that the position of a dipyrimidine site within a dipyrimidine run is an important factor influencing the frequency of CPD formation. We studied the effect of PBSA, in cellulo and in vitro, during UVA and UVB exposure. We found that PBSA provides good protection against CPD formation during UVB exposure, in cellulo. However, PBSA photosensitized the formation of oxidized guanines during UVA and UVB exposure. This indicates that PBSA can act as a double-edged sword and question its suitability in sunscreens. The works presented in this thesis provide important elements to understand the skin carcinogenesis process and demonstrate the importance to use an effective protection against UV-induced DNA damage.
Cellier, Julien. "Etude et caractérisations de membranes nanocomposites hybrides pour pile à combustible du type PEMFC." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4001/document.
Full textThe proton conductive membrane is an essential part of the operation of PEMFC. This document presents the development of a non-perfluorinated membrane based on a hybrid nanocomposite technology likely to be produced at low cost. This membrane is composed of a poly(VDF-co-HFP) matrix in which are dispersed poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSSA) functionalized silica nanoparticles. This work focuses on the study of the implementation of the membrane to obtain a homogeneous and dense membrane with good physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics. Fuel cell performances after running at 60 °C are extremely satisfactory with a gain, compared to Nafion NRE211, of 40% for the power density at 0.7 V. However, the durability studies showed an elution phenomenon of the functionalized silica particles which results in a high voltage decline. Different membrane modification strategies have been proposed to improve the stability of the membrane. The most interesting involve modifying the morphology of the matrix (more rigid grades of PVDF or poly(VDF-co-HFP) crosslinking by radiation) to better confine the particles or grafting functionalized silica to the matrix. This last strategy leads to a threefold decrease of the swelling and 2.5 factor of the decay rate at 80 °C
Mahjoubi, Malika. "Les acides calixarènes sulfoniques : préparations, propriétés acido-basiques, complexation." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10113.
Full textJi, Yuefei. "Photochemical and photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPS) in aqueous solution : a case study of atenolol and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058226.
Full textKoumba, Ibinga Sidrine Kerthy. "Coupure de liaisons glycosidiques de la biomasse saccharifère couplée à la formation de liaisons esters amphiphiles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0062.
Full textIn 2030, vegetal-based chemistry will occupy 30% of total chemistry in France. Bioresources offer the opportunity to substitute products from petrochemicals. With a stable penetration rate of 25- 30% according to ADEME forecasts, biosurfactants are a way of adding value to agricultural products. The lipophilic and hydrophilic sources needed to obtain these amphiphilic compounds can be completely natural. Thus, the chia seed of the Oruro® variety has been used as a source of the hydrophilic part represented by the mucilage. The surface mucilage of the seed of this variety domesticated in France is made up of polysaccharides, proteins and minerals. It can be extracted effectively by ultrasonic cavitation in aqueous media. The composition and properties of the mucilage are related to the extraction time. This mucilage constitutes a hydrophilic source for obtaining amphiphilic esters. The lipophilic source chosen is the Irvingia gabonensis almond from a variety rich in high myristic (51%) and lauric (38%) butter. The triglycerides of this butter are made up of mixtures of saturated fatty acids. They are good candidates for food, nutrition and also industry and production of technofunctional biosurfactants. The work is therefore aimed at the simultaneous valorization of the mucilage and oil of I. gabonensis by the synthesis of biosurfactants. Two synthesis routes for obtaining amphiphilic esters have been explored. The first pathway involved the implementation of the transesterification reaction between glucose and methyl laurate in a deep eutectic medium DES Choline chloride/glucose. The second pathway involved acid catalysis in an organized medium by the implementation of the esterification reaction of glucose or mucilage with lauric C12:0 and myristic C14:0 fatty acids in the presence of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). The studies of the esterification reactions were previously carried out using glucose and then transferred to mucilage. The use of DBSA with a dual role as a Brönsted catalyst and surfactant promotes the contact of the reagents, catalyzes the esterification reaction between the hydroxyl groups of glucose or polysaccharides and the carboxylic groups of the C12:0 lauric and C14:0 myristic fatty acids and therefore allows the glucose esters of degree of substitution DS=1-2 to be obtained. The surfaceactive and emulsifying properties of these glucose esters are comparable to those of a commercial Olivem 1000 ester, a mixture of sorbitan olivate and cetearyl olivate. The reaction between chia Oruro® mucilage and the fatty acid mixture of I. gabonensis in the presence of ADBS resulted in a profound structural modification of the biopolymer. Its lipophilization is obtained by the double monoacylation of the hydroxyl sites of the mucilage by the mixture of lauric C12:0 and myristic C14:0 fatty acids. The intrinsic viscosity of the acylated mucilage is very low (6.34 dL/g) compared to that of the crude mucilage (36.18 dL/g) used as starting reagent. This results in a profound change in the techno-functional properties of the acylated mucilage
Banchereau, Evelyne. "Photooxygénation des disulfures : nouvelle synthèse d'acides sulfoniques." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUUA001.
Full textBredel, Thibaut. "Elaboration et caractérisation de membranes nanocomposites hybrides réticulées pour appllication PEMFC et PEMEC." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR146.
Full textThis research focuses on the crosslinking of hybrid nanocomposite membranes (HNM) for PEMEC and PEMFC application. The studied HNM are composed of a poly(vinylene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix in which silica nanoparticles functionalized with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) are dispersed. Previous works highlighted the elution of nanoparticles from the polymer matrix. Thus, the aim was to crosslink the system in order to chemically and/or physically forces the nanoparticles to remain inside the matrix. The first promising results were obtained for a HNM crosslinked with a telechelic diamine (THDA) and post-annealed at 200 °C for 16 hours. This HNM showed a proton conductivity decline at 80 °C in water of 0.8 mS·cm-1·h-1, lower than that of a reference commercial membrane (Nafion™ NRE 212), i.e. 1 mS·cm-1·h-1. Furthermore, a second way of the nanoparticle grafting on PVDF by means of a binding agent (APTES) followed by a post-annealing at 200 °C for 16 hours was also studied. This approach revealed an initial proton conductivity at 80 °C in water lower than that of THDA-crosslinked HNM, but with slightly greater durability. Two approaches studied in this work allowed decreasing by 10 the proton conductivity decline at 80 °C of a non-crosslinked HNM, while still maintaining initial performances higher than 200 mS·cm-1
Beau, Bénédicte. "Relaxation nucléaire dans un polymère conducteur à comportement métallique, la polyaniline." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10240.
Full textRouyer, Virgile. "Polyaniline : hydratation, mise en oeuvre par voie solvant, et durabilité : approches RMN et méthodes diffusives." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10075.
Full textRessam, Ibitissam. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes composites à conduction protonique pour les piles à combustible." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066732.
Full textThe perfluoro-sulfonated ionomer membranes are employed as separators in many industrialapplications such as fuel cells, chloro-alkali industry, electrodialysis and gaining inclininginterest in aqueous rechargeable or redox-flow batteries where the knowledge of their ionictransport and transfer properties is fundamental.Particularly, Nafion is adopted as a referencemembrane for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells due to its thermal stability andgood proton conductivity. However, Nafion membranes have several disadvantages such as a decrease in the proton conductivity at low relative humidity (<50%) and high temperatures(>80°C), and excessive dimensional changes due to the swelling/deswelling, leading tomechanical instabilities.To circumvent these problems, novel proton conducting membraneshave been developed, either by completely replacing or by using organic and/or inorganiccomponents to Nafion.3 In this regard, a large spectrum of membranes have been elaboratedconsidering many attributes such as high proton conductivity, physical separation between theanode and the cathode and fuel barrier characteristics, good chemical and physical stability andlow elaboration cost of the membrane. Two types of additives were examined to improve the performances, particularly : Membranes based on Nafion with Chitosan biopolymer. This naturel polymer is consideredas the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose.6 Chitosan improves the physical andchemical stability of the membrane in the presence of water, and it is considered as a less costlyadditive to Nafion7.The improvement of the proton conductivity with pristine chitosan isessentially challenging. Previous studies demonstrated that vehicularandGrotthuss mechanismjointly govern the proton transfer in chitosan membranes.In the vehicular mechanism, the protons diffuse together with solvent molecules in the form of hydronium ions byforming acomplex such as H5O2+ and H9O4+. In the Grotthuss mechanism, however, the protons jump fromone solvent molecule or functional group to the next by the continuous formation and breakingof hydrogen bonds. Membranes based on Nafion with Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). These clays confer to themembrane high proton conductivity by constructing large and continuous conductionpathways.These inorganic additives also improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PEM. Composite membranes of Nafion/Chitosan- SO3H and Nafion/HNT-SO3H are prepared. Theresulting composite membranes were studied by various conventional structural characterizationtechniques. H+ conductivity measurements were performed and the values obtained are higherthan those of pristine Nafion at various relative humidity (RH%) levels and temperatures (30°C-80°C). Our results highlight the beneficial character of functionalized chitosan biopolymer andHalloysite nanotube clays as additives to improve PEM performances
Ladhari, Neji. "Contribution à l'étude de la synthèse du sel de sodium de l'acide dinaphtylméthnedisulfonique et étude de différents paramètres influençant son effet dispersant." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0471.
Full textRannou, Patrice. "Poly(aniline) : synthèse, mise en oeuvre et vieillissement." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10080.
Full textGoeppert, Alain. "[Sigma]-basicité et réactivité des petits alcanes en présence de superacides liquides et acides solides." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13045.
Full textDru, Delphine. "Synthèse, optimisation et caractérisation des nouvelles architectures catalytiques pour une application en pile à combustible PEMFC." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2277/document.
Full textThis research work is within the scope of new catalysts for PEM fuel cells. The objective is to decrease the platinum amount in the electrode and to promote mass and electronic transfers, in order to improve the durability of the systems. We developed catalysts that enable the implementation of the phenomenology of the triple phase boundary at the molecular scale. The fieldwork concerns the grafting of proton conducting polymers (PSS) on the platinum nanoparticles surface in order to obtain nanocomposite catalysts. All synthetized materials are characterized in electrochemical half-cell, in order to determine the most active and the most selective catalyst. Then, the best catalytic complexes are tested in PEMFC 5 cm² and 25 cm² single-cell to determine in situ performance and materials durability. The properties of the nanocomposites electrodes formulated without Nafion®, are equivalent to commercial systems. Indeed, they provide a maximum power density of 1 W.cm-2 and a durability of 20 µV.h-1 during 300 h. These electrodes formulated without fluorinated compound allow platinum recycling by pyrolysis
Pater, Jérôme. "Etude cinétique et modélisation de l'alkylation de l'isobutane par les butènes sur catalyseurs solides." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2344.
Full textKanazawa, Alice Misa. "Nouvelles synthèses de chaînes latérales du taxotère et du taxol et synthèses du (+ou-)- et (-)-homogynolide-A." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10008.
Full textLabarthe, Émilie. "Nouvelle stratégie d'élaboration de la N-aminopipéridine via l'acide hydroxylamine-O-sulfonique : synthèse, modélisation cinétique, équilibres entre phases, extraction et procédés." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10319.
Full textHabib, Sami. "Matériaux mésoporeux structurés aux propriétés acides exacerbées par implantation de fonctions arénesulfoniques ou formation de composites à base de ZSM-5." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066163.
Full textBillard, Thierry. "Synthèses et propriétés de dérivés de l'acide trifluorométhanesulfonique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10225.
Full textFrancese, Catherine. "Reactions du bromotrifluoromethane en presence de zinc : trifluoromethylations dans les conditions de barbier." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066381.
Full textAyadi, Rachida el. "Proprietes et mecanismes de l'absorption des glucides par les embryons de vicia faba l." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2251.
Full textMarques, Carrera Luiz Carlos. "Etude de nouveaux photoamorceurs générant des radicaux libres et des acides sulfoniques : application aux nouvelles résines de masquage utilisées en microélectronique VLSI." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20041.
Full textViéville, Corinne. "Etude de la réactivité de l'acide oléique avec les monoalcools en présence de catalyseurs acides sulfoniques homogène et hétérogène en milieu hexane et en milieu dioxyde de carbone supercritique." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT067G.
Full textM'Batchi, Bertrand. "Le transporteur de saccharose des tissus foliaires : marquage différentiel, solubilisation et sélectivité." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2028.
Full textSauguet, Laurent. "Synthèse de co- et terpolymères fluorés à base de fluorure de vinylidene et porteurs de fonctions acides sulfoniques pour l'élaboration de membranes pour piles à combustible." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20161.
Full textDahmane, Tassadite. "Protéines membranaires et amphipols : stabilisation, fonction, renaturation, fonction et développement d'amphipols sulfonatés par la RMN des solutions." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077149.
Full textAmphipols (APols) are small amphiphatic polymers designed to keep membrane proteins (MPs) water-soluble. APols improve the stability of solubilized MPs beyond that afforded by detergents. This property makes them very interesting tools for in vitro studies of MPs. In a first part, we examine the influence of APols on the stability, renaturation and function of MPs. Our work is mainly based on the study of a model MP, bacteriorhodopsin, extracted from the purple membrane of the archaebacterium Halobium salinarium. Renaturation of MPs is a very interesting application of APols, since it represents a strongly limiting step to their study. We show that several model MPs (BR, MscL, EmrE. . . ) can be renatured using APols, and we have undertaken to extend this approach to the renaturation of MPs of great pharmacologic interest, the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In a second part, we describe some progress in the development of another application of APols, the structural study of MPs by solution-state NMR. We describe the design a new family of amphipols, the sulfonated amphipols (SAPols), which can be used at low pH. We present the different structures of SAPols studied and the tests that led us to the selection of optimized SAPols for MP solution-state NMR studies
Léon, Patrick. "Alkylation d'amines par les sels de sulfonium, reaction de type gabriel et synthese de polyamines." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066488.
Full textSusperregui, Nicolas. "Étude théorique de la polymérisation d'esters par voie organométallique et organique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1006/.
Full textThis thesis concerns the initiation step of the polymerization reaction for various esters (e-caprolactone, lactide, methyl-methacrylate). The studies mainly carried out the use of lanthanide or d-block metal based organometallic catalysts (borohydrides). A part was also devoted to organic initiators: sulfonic and phosphoric acids. This work was realized thanks to calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) that allowed to establish reactional pathways (calculations of Free Gibbs Energies G, geometry optimizations, calculations of electronic density) and so to determine reactional mechanisms. This theoretical approach was lead in narrow collaboration with experiments which validated the used models
Mikhaylov, Sergei. "Synthesis and investigation of nanostructured conducting polymers based nanocomposites for ammonia and amines detection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10036/document.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the synthesis and investigation of properties of inorganic-organic polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) based hybrid materials with TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and SnO2 nanoparticles applicable for ammonia and amines detection. The direct polymer growth on the surface of nanoparticles allowed obtaining of nanocomposite materials with a “core-shell” structure which differs from simple mechanical mixture by more uniform polymer distribution and stronger interaction between source components.The object of research is the process of formation of polyaniline and polypyrrole nanocomposites with metal oxides. The research goal is to reveal formation peculiarities and properties of nanostructured composite materials based on conducting polymers and metal oxides nanoparticles that are sensitive to ammonia and amines. Research methods include RedOx and pH monitoring, FTIR and UV-spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, thermogravimetry, liquid chromatography, conductivity measurements and sensor tests.The new approach to study kinetics of aniline polymerization process by simultaneous RedOx and pH monitoring of reaction medium was proposed. For the first time the influence of sulfonic acids and metal oxides on the aniline polymerization process and molecular characteristics of the obtained polymer was shown. For the first time a linear correlation between the nanoparticles content and reciprocal duration of separate stages of polymerization was shown. Formed "core-shell" nanocomposites have sensitivity to ammonia and amines of about 2 times higher than the pure polymer. Developed new materials can be used in the manufacturing of chemoresistive sensors' active layers