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Journal articles on the topic 'Acidic hydrolysis of ink'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Keerthi, Deva Bharathi*. "A Comparative Analysis of Ink Composition under Acidic, Basic, And Neutral Hydrolysis Conditions Using Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC)." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 583–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276683.

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Ink analysis plays a vital role in forensic science, particularly in the field of question document examination for purposes such as authentication of documents, investigation of forgeries, and other criminal cases involving written evidence. This study focused on the chemical breakdown of ink composition under acidic, basic, and neutral hydrolyzed conditions using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as an instrument. This study explored three chemical hydrolyzed conditions: acidic (Nitric acid -HNO₃), basic (Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH), and neutral (distilled water). And observed how these con

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2

Keerthi, Deva Bharathi*. "Assessing the Impact of Coal Characteristics on Thermal Power Plant Efficiency and Pollutant Emissions." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 583–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276632.

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Ink analysis plays a vital role in forensic science, particularly in the field of question document examination for purposes such as authentication of documents, investigation of forgeries, and other criminal cases involving written evidence. This study focused on the chemical breakdown of ink composition under acidic, basic, and neutral hydrolyzed conditions using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as an instrument. This study explored three chemical hydrolyzed conditions: acidic (Nitric acid -HNO₃), basic (Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH), and neutral (distilled water). And observed how these con

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3

Sistach, Maria, Eva Marin, and Jose Garcia. "Evaluation of Alkaline Compounds Used for Deacidification and Simultaneous Lining of Extremely Degraded Manuscripts." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 38, no. 3 (2017): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2016-0034.

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AbstractIron gall ink’s natural acidity promotes the degradation of manuscripts. This process mostly affects the areas containing ink, causing fragility of the paper carrier that limits its manipulation. The cellulosic material is modified by two chemical reactions, acidic hydrolysis and oxidation, both depending on the pH of the paper. This article explores the distribution of acidity in manuscripts and its link to iron gall ink corrosion and cellulose degradation. Subsequently, different treatment methods of deacidification, specifically designed for extremely degraded paper documents and sh

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Sarwar, Ghulam, Pauline Darling, Mariko Ujiie, Herbert G. Botting, and Paul B. Pencharz. "Use of Amino Acid Profiles of Pretermand Term Human Milks in Evaluating Scoring Patterns for Routine Protein Quality Assessment of Infant Formulas." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 2 (1996): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.2.498.

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Abstract Reports on the amino acid composition of human milk vary considerably with respect to concentrations of sulfur amino acids. Often, analyses forego tryptophan determination. A complete analysis of protein and amino acid concentrations was performed on human milk samples (5-10 days postpartum) collected from mothers of preterm (gestations of 25-32 weeks) and term (gestations of &gt;36 weeks) infants. Careful attention was given to quantitate amino acids such as cysteine and tryptophan, which are vulnerable to acidic hydrolysis conditions. Differences in concentrations of total amino

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Yerra, Naga Veera, S. Babu Dadinaboyina, LSSN Vigjna Abbaraju, MVN Kumar Talluri, and Jagadeshwar Reddy Thota. "Identification and characterization of degradation products of indacaterol using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 6 (2020): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066720971550.

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Indacaterol (IND), 5-[2-[(5,6-Diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) which is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We followed the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guide lines to study the degradation behavior of IND under various stress conditions. Stressed degradation of the drug was performed under hydrolytic (alkaline, acidic and neutral), photolytic, oxidative and thermal conditions. Identification and characterization of IND and its forced degradation products (

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6

HUSOVSKA, VERONIKA, JAN PEKAROVIC, ALEXANDRA PEKAROVICOVA, and PAUL D. FLEMING. "Anionically surface treated inkjet and flexographic inks and their deinkability." October 2016 15, no. 10 (2016): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.10.665.

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Prerecycling of water-based flexographic ink and water-based thermal inkjet inks was explored. Model laboratory formulated water-based flexographic and commercial water-based thermal inkjet inks were used in experiments using solely wet or dry inks. The goal was to optimize ink detachment during repulping and at the same time assure its minimal ink redeposition. Ink’s behavior was examined under a wide pH range. An alkaline environment is desirable for complete ink detachment from the printed substrate, whereas the benefit of an acid environment is the agglomeration of the pigment in water-bas

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7

Mehanny, Sherif, Ehab E. Abu-El Magd, Simona Sorbara, Jorge Navarro, and Rodrigo Gil-San-Millan. "Spanish Poplar Biomass as a Precursor for Nanocellulose Extraction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156863.

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The effect of acidic hydrolysis duration on nanocellulose size, morphology, and proper ties was investigated, which opens up a whole new horizon of versatility in poplar applications. This study aimed to examine Spanish poplar wastes as raw material to extract crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), which substantiates the importance of poplar wastes. Wastes were pulped using 1 L of 10% NaOH (wt./wt.) solution, and bleached several times by NaClO2; afterwards, white wastes were subjected to acidic hydrolysis by 60% H2SO4 for either 5, 10, or 15 min. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) underwent a simila

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8

Yang, Jian She, and Liang He. "Integrated Processing Effects on Ink Wastewater of 500t/Day." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.340.

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By adopting chemical coagulation + efficient sedimentation tank + hydrolysis acidification composite reactor + biological contact oxidation tank + Biological Aerated Filter + adsorption filter integrated processing design, the wastewater from ink production and printing ink application has been treated here. The testing results shown that the effects of the integration treatment process on Ink Wastewater of 500 tons per day are reasonable. The cost of the process is not more than 1.8 Yuan/t, and it can be a better integrated process.

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9

Rogozhin, S. V., A. I. Gamzazade, M. A. Chlenov, Ye Yu Leonova, A. M. Sklyar, and S. Kh Dotdayev. "The partial acidic hydrolysis of chitosan." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 30, no. 3 (1988): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(88)90098-6.

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10

Harsági, Nikoletta, and György Keglevich. "The Hydrolysis of Phosphinates and Phosphonates: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 10 (2021): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102840.

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Phosphinic and phosphonic acids are useful intermediates and biologically active compounds which may be prepared from their esters, phosphinates and phosphonates, respectively, by hydrolysis or dealkylation. The hydrolysis may take place both under acidic and basic conditions, but the C-O bond may also be cleaved by trimethylsilyl halides. The hydrolysis of P-esters is a challenging task because, in most cases, the optimized reaction conditions have not yet been explored. Despite the importance of the hydrolysis of P-esters, this field has not yet been fully surveyed. In order to fill this gap

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11

Z., Ayu Shazwani, and Rabeta M.S. "Enzymatic hydrolysis as an approach to produce alternative protein from cephalopods ink powder: a short review." Food Research 4, no. 5 (2020): 1383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).423.

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Cephalopoda is a class of Mollusca that lives in marine environments, well-known as the most distinctive features of their ink especially squid and cuttlefish species. The various valuable constituents in their ink have been used over millennia for practical and commercial purposes. The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100. Thus, the amount of food, types of food in demand, and their relative contribution to diets will all change. We may face a reduction in protein sources worldwide. Humans need protein

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12

Jha, Anushree. "Acidic and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Cobs for Biofuel Production." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 487–90. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66877.

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This study extensively explores the use of both acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis methods for the degradation of corn cobs into fermentable sugars, which can be further processed into bioethanol. Corn cobs, as a significant form of lignocellulosic biomass, offer a promising alternative for sustainable biofuel production due to their abundance and high polysaccharide content. Acidic hydrolysis was carried out using dilute sulfuric acid, while enzymatic hydrolysis employed cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes. These two methods were compared to evaluate their efficiency in converting the cellulose

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13

Gómez-Bombarelli, Rafael, Emilio Calle, and Julio Casado. "Mechanisms of Lactone Hydrolysis in Acidic Conditions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 78, no. 14 (2013): 6880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo4002596.

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14

Kwiecień, Anna, Jan Krzek, Paweł Żmudzki, et al. "Roxithromycin degradation by acidic hydrolysis and photocatalysis." Anal. Methods 6, no. 16 (2014): 6414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00708e.

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The purpose of this work was to study two methods of degradation of roxithromycin: acidic hydrolysis and photocatalytic degradation under illumination with near-UV light in the presence of the TiO<sub>2</sub>photosensitizer.

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15

Harsági, Nikoletta, Zita Rádai, Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss, Aron Szigetvári, and György Keglevich. "Two step acidic hydrolysis of dialkyl arylphosphonates." Mendeleev Communications 30, no. 1 (2020): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2020.01.012.

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16

Yasnitskii, B. G., I. E. Korobeinikova, I. E. Kalashnikova, and T. A. Bogun. "Kinetics of the acidic hydrolysis of tannin." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 23, no. 5 (1989): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00758302.

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17

Zielonacka-lis, Ewa. "The Acidic Hydrolysis of Nucleosides and Nucleotides." Nucleosides and Nucleotides 8, no. 3 (1989): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328318908054183.

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18

Gaca, Jerzy, Grażyna Wejnerowska, and Piotr Cysewski. "Mechanism of the acidic hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 24, no. 11 (2011): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.1825.

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19

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Hydrolysis of rhenium(v) Dioxo Complexes." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 2 (2005): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2.2.295-300.

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20

Salih-AL-Hamadani, Abbas Ali. "Hydrolysis of rhenium(v) Dioxo Complexes." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 2 (2005): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2005.616.

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21

Botic, Tatjana, and Nadezda Iliskovic. "Hydrolysis of tanned leather wastes under alkaline, acidic and oxidative conditions." Chemical Industry 60, no. 1-2 (2006): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0602023b.

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Different wastes in large quantities are the outcome or the by-product of processes in the tanning industry. The largest part of solid wastes is collagen based and obtained in the reprocessing steps of tanned and non-tanned products. The quality collagen substance obtained from wastes of the leather industry used as a supporting material in many reprocessing industries. Hydrolysis is the basic step of collagen processing, namely the shortening of its polypeptide chain. The main goal of this investigation was to examine the influence of the following parameters on the extent of collagen hydroly

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22

SIJWALI, Puran S., Bhaskar R. SHENAI, Jiri GUT, Ajay SINGH, and Philip J. ROSENTHAL. "Expression and characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum haemoglobinase falcipain-3." Biochemical Journal 360, no. 2 (2001): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3600481.

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In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, erythrocytic trophozoites hydrolyse haemoglobin to provide amino acids for parasite protein synthesis. Cysteine protease inhibitors block parasite haemoglobin hydrolysis and development, indicating that cysteine proteases are required for these processes. Three papain-family cysteine protease sequences have been identified in the P. falciparum genome, but the specific roles of their gene products and other plasmodial proteases in haemoglobin hydrolysis are uncertain. Falcipain-2 was recently identified as a principal trophozoite cysteine protease

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23

Wang, Shao Wei, Yi Zhang, and Hua Wu Liu. "Effect of Heat and Wet Treatment on the Strength of PLA Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1253.

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Before and after heat and wet treatment, the fineness and strength of PLA sample fibers were measured. Temperature, rather than moisture, was reckoned the major factor weakening the strength and fineness of PLA fiber. Acidic and alkali environments activated the hydrolysis of the fiber and lead to obvious fiber damage. Compared with the acidic environment, alkali condition resulted in far faster hydrolysis, caused more reduction of fiber diameter and strength. In addition, vertical cracks appeared on the fiber surface in alkali conditions, but did not occur in acidic environment. Finally, it w

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24

Suzuki, Shiori, Yuko Takeoka, Masahiro Rikukawa, and Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita. "Brønsted acidic ionic liquids for cellulose hydrolysis in an aqueous medium: structural effects on acidity and glucose yield." RSC Advances 8, no. 26 (2018): 14623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01950a.

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Using Brønsted acidic ionic liquids with various structures, their acidic catalytic activity for cellulose hydrolysis assisted by microwave irradiation was assessed using the Hammett acidity function (H<sub>0</sub>) and theoretical calculations.

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25

Bai, Xue, Guo Sheng Qin, Ya Tao Zhang, Hao Qin Zhang, and Jin Dun Liu. "Hydrolytic Stability of Reactive Black 5 and the Preparation of Ink." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2250.

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Abstract. The effects of temperature and pH value on hydrolytic stability of Reactive Black 5, and the effects of pH buffer on pH value stability of dye solution and ink prepared by Reactive Black 5 are studied in this paper. The results show that the final pH value decrease with the increase of temperature, both elimination reaction rate and hydrolysis reaction rate of Reactive Black 5 increase with the increase of temperature, and elimination reaction is the main factor of affecting pH value of dye solution at low temperature, but hydrolysis reaction will become the main factor at high tempe

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26

Wang, Zhangxia, and Haibo Ma. "Mechanisms of a Cyclobutane-Fused Lactone Hydrolysis in Alkaline and Acidic Conditions." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123519.

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Searching for functional polyesters with stability and degradability is important due to their potential applications in biomedical supplies, biomass fuel, and environmental protection. Recently, a cyclobutane-fused lactone (CBL) polymer was experimentally found to have superior stability and controllable degradability through hydrolysis reactions after activation by mechanical force. In order to provide a theoretical basis for developing new functional degradable polyesters, in this work, we performed a detailed quantum chemical study of the alkaline and acidic hydrolysis of CBL using dispers

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27

Zhang, Tianlei, Yongqi Zhang, Shiyu Tian, et al. "Possible atmospheric source of NH₂SO₃H: the hydrolysis of HNSO₂ in the presence of neutral, basic, and acidic catalysts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 8 (2022): 4966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04437k.

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The hydrolysis reaction of HNSO2 without and with neutral, basic and acidic catalysts have been studied theoretically. The results were shown that neutral, basic and acidic catalysts could promote the formation of NH2SO3H both kinetically and thermodynamically.

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28

Alamán, Jorge, María López-Valdeolivas, Raquel Alicante, Jose Peña, and Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos. "Digital Luminescence Patterning via Inkjet Printing of a Photoacid Catalysed Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Formulation." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030430.

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Accurate positioning of luminescent materials at the microscale is essential for the further development of diverse application fields including optoelectronics, energy, biotechnology and anti-counterfeiting. In this respect, inkjet printing has recently attracted great interest due to its ability to precisely deposit with high throughput and no contact, functional materials on different types of substrates. Here, we present a novel photoacid catalysed organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent ink. The formulation, containing monomers bearing epoxy and silane functionalities, a photoacid generator

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29

Carvalho, Danila Morais de, and Jorge Luiz Colodette. "Comparative study of acid hydrolysis of lignin and polysaccharides in biomasses." BioResources 12, no. 4 (2017): 6907–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.6907-6923.

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Effects of different acid hydrolysis conditions were studied relative to the chemical transformations of lignin in eucalyptus, sugarcane bagasse, and sugarcane straw, and on the transformations of multiple polysaccharides in eucalyptus. The acid hydrolysis using 12 mol/L sulfuric acid followed by acid hydrolysis using approximately 0.41 mol/L sulfuric acid was used as the reference for the lignin and sugar analysis. During acid hydrolysis, the relative amount of lignin increased with longer reaction times and/or greater acid concentrations for all biomasses. The overestimation of lignin in har

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30

Krentsel, Liya B., Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev, Alexandr I. Rebrov, Arkady D. Litmanovich, and Nicolai A. Platé. "Acidic Hydrolysis of Polyacrylonitrile: Effect of Neighboring Groups." Macromolecules 34, no. 16 (2001): 5607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma010213o.

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31

Nasrullah, M., Purwoko, and T. C. Sunarti. "Acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of glucomannan agroindustrial waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 472 (June 23, 2020): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/472/1/012006.

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32

Al-Masoudi, Wasfi A., and Bahjat A. Saeed. "The hydrolysis of pyridilmonoimines in acidic aqueous media." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2009.12.011.

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33

Gu, L., S. Zhu, and A. N. Hrymak. "Acidic and basic hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylformamide)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 86, no. 13 (2002): 3412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11364.

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34

Malihan, Lenny B., Neha Mittal, Grace M. Nisola, Teklebrahan G. Weldemhret, Hern Kim, and Wook-Jin Chung. "Macroalgal biomass hydrolysis using dicationic acidic ionic liquids." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 92, no. 6 (2016): 1290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5123.

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35

Koliadima, A., A. Henglein, and E. Matijević. "Colloidal hydrolysis products of SbCl3 in acidic solutions." Colloid & Polymer Science 275, no. 10 (1997): 972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050174.

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36

Isaacs, Neil S., and Tariq S. Najem. "Activation volumes for ester hydrolysis via elimination–addition." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (1986): 1140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-190.

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Esters that have an acidic proton α to the carboxyl group (or in a vinylogous situation) and a good leaving group may undergo hydrolysis by elimination to an intermediate ketene, which rapidly hydrates. Examples are found in p-hydroxybenzoate, malonate, and acetoacetate esters of nitrophenols. The evidence for this mechanism (E1cb type) includes the independence of rate with pH in the region of dissociation of the acidic proton and, in particular, positive volumes of activation that contrast sharply with negative values typical of the more usual BAc2 mechanism of hydrolysis.

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37

Fehér, Anikó, Soma Bedő, and Csaba Fehér. "Comparison of Enzymatic and Acidic Fractionation of Corn Fiber for Glucose-rich Hydrolysate and Bioethanol Production by Candida boidinii." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2021): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.17431.

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Corn fiber is a by-product of the corn wet milling process and a promising raw material to produce bioethanol in a bio-refinery process. In this study, enzymatic and acidic fractionations of corn fiber were compared with particular attention to produce glucose-rich hydrolyzates. The acidic fractionation contained two, sequential, sulphuric acid-catalyzed, hydrolysis steps based on our previous study. In the enzymatic fractionation process, corn fiber was pre-treated by soaking in aqueous ammonia (18.5 % (w/w) dry matter, 15 % (w/w) ammonia solution, 24 hours) and then hydrolyzed by using Hemic

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38

Netskina, Olga V., Tihon N. Filippov, Oksana V. Komova, and Valentina I. Simagina. "Hydrogen generation by both acidic and catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride." Catalysis for Sustainable Energy 5, no. 1 (2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cse-2018-0006.

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Abstract Sodium borohydride tablets have been employed as hydrogen-storage materials. Hydrogen release was performed by acidic hydrolysis where solutions of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids were added to the tablets, and by catalytic hydrolysis where water was added tablets of solid-state NaBH4/Co composite. In acidic solutions hydrogen evolution occurred instantaneously, and at high concentrations of acids the releasing hydrogen contained an admixture of diborane. Hydrogen evolution from the solidstate NaBH4/Co composite proceeded at a uniform rate of 13.8±0.1 cm3·min-1, water vapor being the

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Bourgeois, Caroline, Nicolas Blanc, Jean-Claude Cannot, and Claire Demesmay. "Towards a Non-Biased Formaldehyde Quantification in Leather: New Derivatization Conditions before HPLC Analysis of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Derivatives." Molecules 25, no. 23 (2020): 5765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235765.

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In leathers, formaldehyde is currently analyzed according to EN ISO 17226-1 standard, by reversed phase liquid chromatography after off-line precolumn derivatization with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in strong acidic conditions. We first demonstrate that this standard is not adapted to leather retanned with resins likely to release formaldehyde by hydrolysis. Indeed, formaldehyde content may be largely overestimated due to concomitant resin hydrolysis (in harsh acidic conditions) that releases formaldehyde during the derivatization step and during the waiting time on autosampler before an

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40

Opazo-Navarrete, Mauricio, César Burgos-Díaz, Karla A. Garrido-Miranda, and Sergio Acuña-Nelson. "Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Solubility and Emulsifying Properties of Lupin Proteins (Lupinus luteus)." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4 (2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040082.

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Solubility and emulsifying properties are important functional properties associated with proteins. However, many plant proteins have lower techno-functional properties, which limit their functional performance in many formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of protein hydrolysis by commercial enzymes to improve their solubility and emulsifying properties. Lupin protein isolate (LPI) was hydrolyzed by 7 commercial proteases using different E/S ratios and hydrolysis times while the solubility and emulsifying properties were evaluated. The results showe

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Wu, Shaoxiong, Hongpeng Zhang, Ting Miao, Haiyan Zhu, Lianyuan Wang, and Liang Ge. "Study on Kinetics of GD Hydrolysis in HCl aqueous." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702060.

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Organophosphate neurotoxic agents like Sarin (GB) and Soman (GD) are lethal to person. Except various kinds of decontaminants, they can be also decomposed in natural environment through nucleophilic reaction, where acidic or alkaline substance was to accelerate their hydrolysis. Most of the papers were about GB hydrolysis. Information on GD hydrolysis was relatively small, especially about kinetics of GD in acidic solution. In view of possible effect of positive ion and negative ion on hydrolysis reaction, a relatively simple composes solution, HCl aqueous solutions, was selected to investigat

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42

Broxton, TJ, and S. Wright. "Micellar Catalysis of Organic Reactions. XXX. A Study of the Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Oxazepam and 2'-Methyldiazepam in the Presence of Micelles and in Water." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 1 (1991): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9910103.

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Acidic hydrolysis of oxazepam in water involved initial azomethine cleavage at low acid concentrations (0.1-0.2 M) with initial amide hydrolysis occurring concurrently at higher acid concentrations (0.3-0.6 M). In the presence of micelles of sodium dodecyl sufate the percentage of initial amide cleavage increased. For the basic hydrolysis of oxazepam in water the rate was dependent on [ NaOH ] indicating at least some initial amide hydrolysis. At higher base concentrations the rate became independent of [ NaOH ], because of the ionization of the NH group of oxazepam, producing an unreactive ni

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43

Joshi, Madan M., Hugh M. Brown, and James A. Romesser. "Degradation of Chlorsulfuron by Soil Microorganisms." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (1985): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083557.

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Degradation of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in acidic and alkaline soils was evaluated using plant bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) radiotracer techniques. Soil sterilization with either ethylene oxide (Et0) or gamma irradiation significantly reduced breakdown of chlorsulfuron; the ability for degradation was restored by reinoculation with indigenous soil microorganisms. Streptomyces griseolus (a soil actinomycete), Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp. (soil fungi) were demonstrated to degrade

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Bhardwaj, Shalini, M. K. Gupta, and V. Bhalla. "METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING UPLC ASSAY METHOD FOR NIFEDIPINE." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 3, no. 4 (2018): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v3i4.174.

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A simple and rapid stability indicating, ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of Nifedipine. The quantitative determination of Nifedipine drug was performed on a Sunniest C-18-HT, 2m, (50 2.1nm) column with gradient elution. For UPLC method, UV detection was made at 335nm. During method validation, parameters such as precision, linearity, stability, robustness and specificity were evaluated, which remained within acceptable limits. Forced degradation studies of Nifedipine were studied under acidic and alkaline stress condition

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45

Duflocq, Stéphane, Jingjing Zhou, Florent Huguenot, Michel Vidal, and Wang-Qing Liu. "One-pot oxime ligation from peptides bearing thiazolidine and aminooxyacetyl groups." RSC Advances 10, no. 30 (2020): 17681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03235b.

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Kuznetsova, L. M. "How We Study Acidic and Basic Salts." Chemistry at School, no. 7 (September 1, 2024): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.62709/0368-5632-2024-7-31-33.

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In the Soviet school, students’ familiarization with acidic and basic salts was associated with the study of hydrolysis, i. e. they were considered in passing. The author offers her own approach to studying salts based on knowledge about the neutralization reaction.

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Harsági, Nikoletta, Zita Rádai, Áron Szigetvári, János Kóti та György Keglevich. "Optimization and a Kinetic Study on the Acidic Hydrolysis of Dialkyl α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates". Molecules 25, № 17 (2020): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173793.

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The two-step acidic hydrolysis of α-hydroxybenzylphosphonates and a few related derivatives was monitored in order to determine the kinetics and to map the reactivity of the differently substituted phosphonates in hydrolysis. Electron-withdrawing substituents increased the rate, while electron-releasing ones slowed down the reaction. Both hydrolysis steps were characterized by pseudo-first-order rate constants. The fission of the second P-O-C bond was found to be the rate-determining step.

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Kim, R. P. T., M. N. Khan, S. Y. Liew, and K. Awang. "Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of Acidic Hydrolysis of Goniothalamin." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 5 (2021): 1176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23158.

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The acidic hydrolysis of goniothalamin was studied on the spectrophotometric kinetic study at different concentration of hydrochloric acid and temperature to determine the stability of the compound. Stability tests were performed using UV-VIS detection. This is a two-step reaction that involves formation of intermediate product. Rate constant of reactant forming intermediate product obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic, while the second step to form final product is independent on the concentration of HCl. The structure of final products was identified by NMR and MS. The acidic hydrolysis pathway

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Jiang, Zhicheng, Jiajun Fan, Vitaliy L. Budarin, et al. "Mechanistic understanding of salt-assisted autocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 5 (2018): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00045j.

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Rindelaub, Joel D., Carlos H. Borca, Matthew A. Hostetler та ін. "The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an <i>α</i>-pinene-derived organic nitrate: kinetics, products, reaction mechanisms, and atmospheric impact". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, № 23 (2016): 15425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016.

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Abstract. The production of atmospheric organic nitrates (RONO2) has a large impact on air quality and climate due to their contribution to secondary organic aerosol and influence on tropospheric ozone concentrations. Since organic nitrates control the fate of gas phase NOx (NO + NO2), a byproduct of anthropogenic combustion processes, their atmospheric production and reactivity is of great interest. While the atmospheric reactivity of many relevant organic nitrates is still uncertain, one significant reactive pathway, condensed phase hydrolysis, has recently been identified as a potential sin

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