Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acidic waters

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Acidic waters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Acidic waters"

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Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Carlos Eduardo Copatti, Levy Carvalho Gomes, Edsandra Campos Chagas, Richard Philip Brinn, and Rodrigo Roubach. "Calcium fluxes in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different types of Amazonian waters." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 3 (September 4, 2009): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009005000002.

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Fishes that live in the Amazonian environment may be exposed to several kinds of waters: "black waters", containing high dissolved organic carbon and acidic pH, "white waters", with ten fold higher Ca2+ concentrations than black waters and neutral pH, and "clear waters", with two fold higher Ca2+ concentrations than black waters and also neutral pH. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze Ca2+ fluxes in the facultative air-breather Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different Amazonian waters. Fishes were acclimated in well water (similar to clear water) and later placed in individual chambers for Ca2+ fluxes measurements. After 4 h, water from the chambers was replaced by a different type of water. Transfer of tamoatás to ion-poor black or acidic black water resulted in net Ca2+ loss only in the first 2 h of experiment. However, transfer from black or acidic black water to white water led to only net Ca2+ influxes. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that transfer of tamoatás to ion-poor waters (black and acidic black water) led to transient net Ca2+ loss, while the amount of Ca2+ in the ion-rich white water seems adequate to prevent Ca2+ loss after transfer. Therefore, transfer of tamoatás between these Amazonian waters does not seem to result in serious Ca2+ disturbance.
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Nordstrom, D. K. "Mine Waters: Acidic to Circmneutral." Elements 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.6.393.

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Simonin, Howard A. "ES Views: Neutralization of acidic waters." Environmental Science & Technology 22, no. 10 (October 1988): 1143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00175a600.

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Johnson, D. Barrie, and Kevin B. Hallberg. "The microbiology of acidic mine waters." Research in Microbiology 154, no. 7 (September 2003): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00114-1.

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Zamana, L. V. "Mineral waters and sediments of the ferruginous spring Ulan-Bulak Urulyunguevsky (South-Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 962, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/962/1/012063.

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Abstract The data on the chemical composition and content of balneological components (Fe, H2SiO3, CO2, S2-) for three water samples from the Ulan-Bulak acidic ferruginous spring are presented. For the first time, carbonic water was released in the composition of the spring waters, the origin of which is explained by the ingress of hydrocarbonate water into an acidic medium, followed by dissociation according to the HCO3 - + H+ → H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 scheme. An acidic environment is formed as a result of oxidation of sulfide mineralization, presumably gold-bearing. From secondary minerals at the spring, modern sulfate minerals (gypsum, jarosite), hydromica (illite) were found, ocher sediments are widely developed. Given the uncertain nature of the formation of the spring waters, it is considered worthy of special studies, including an inspection of the presence of sulfide mineralization.
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Brauner, C. J., C. L. Ballantyne, D. J. Randall, and A. L. Val. "Air breathing in the armoured catfish (Hoplosternum littorale) as an adaptation to hypoxic, acidic, and hydrogen sulphide rich waters." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-086.

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The armoured catfish (Hoplosternum littorale) from the Amazon River system is a facultative air breather that is tolerant to both acidic and hydrogen sulphide rich waters. Facultative air breathing in fishes is known to be an important strategy for surviving hypoxia, but its importance for surviving in acidic and hydrogen sulphide rich waters has not previously been investigated. Air-breathing frequency in H. littorale increased from 2 to 28 breaths/h as the partial pressure of oxygen [Formula: see text] in the water was reduced from 137 to 105 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Further reduction in [Formula: see text] to 55 mmHg resulted in a reduction in air-breathing frequency and depression of the metabolic rate. During exposure to acidic water (pH 2.8, [Formula: see text] = 155 mmHg), air-breathing frequency was 28 breaths/h, and during exposure to hydrogen sulphide in water buffered to pH 5.6 (700 μM, [Formula: see text] = 155 mmHg), air-breathing frequency was 40 breaths/h. In fish denied access to air, 200 μM hydrogen sulphide is lethal. Thus, in the armoured catfish, air breathing may be more important for surviving in hydrogen sulphide rich and acidic waters than for surviving in mild hypoxia.
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Simonescu, Claudia Maria, Daniela Cristina Culita, Virgil Marinescu, Christu Tardei, and Dorinel Talpeanu. "Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Acidic Mine Waters Remediation." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 3167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7509.

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Mining activities have a high negative impact on the environment and on human health. Environmental impacts can result in contamination of surface water, groundwater, soil and air. Large volumes of wastewater produced by mining activities have to be remediated before being discharged into the environment. Due to the complex composition of wastewater coming from the mining industry and because their negative impacts, numerous remediation techniques have been applied. Adsorption is one of the most extensively used ways to remediate mining wastewater as a consequence of its low cost, easiness to be performed, and also due to the wide variety of materials (natural and synthetic) that can be use as adsorbents. Hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), a naturally occurring form of calcium phosphate has a good capacity to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions due to its excellent properties. By preparing hydroxyapatite using different synthesis methods, its properties can be manipulated in order to increase the adsorption properties and reactivity. Herein, we reported synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples using different synthesis conditions to establish the effect of synthesis conditions onto HAP properties. The HAP samples prepared have been characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, specific surface measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The stoichiometric compounds with high degree of crystallinity, low average particle diameter values, and low specific surface have been prepared by the solid state reaction and high calcination temepratures. The addition of surfactant (dispersant) has resulted in an increase in the specific surface area, which will result in an increase in the retention capacity of heavy metal ions in wastewater. The adsorbents prepared were used to remediate mine water. Results showed that non-calcinated HAP samples have a higher heavy metals adsorption capacity compared to HAP samples calcinated at 600 �C and 900 �C. The HAP samples prepared in presence of surfactant exhibit a higher heavy metals adsorption capacity than samples prepared in absence of surfactant. The values of the retention capacity differ depending on the nature of the metal ion: QMn(II) ] QFe(III) ] QZn(II) ] QPb(II) ] QNi(II). A change in the pH of mine water from 2.6 to 5.5 has occur that means that the metal ion retention mechanism goes through chemical reactions. The metal ions retention capacity suggests application of hydroxyapatite for remediation of mining wastewater.
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Nixdorf, B., A. Fyson, and H. Krumbeck. "Review: plant life in extremely acidic waters." Environmental and Experimental Botany 46, no. 3 (December 2001): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-8472(01)00104-6.

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Davies, T. D., M. Tranter, P. J. Wigington, and K. N. Eshleman. "‘Acidic episodes’ in surface waters in Europe." Journal of Hydrology 132, no. 1-4 (March 1992): 25–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(92)90172-r.

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Leiva, Eduardo, Camila Tapia, and Carolina Rodríguez. "Highly Efficient Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Acidic Aqueous Solution Using ZnO Nanoparticles as Nano-Adsorbents." Water 13, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13212960.

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Water pollution by heavy metals has significant effects on aquatic ecosystems. Copper is one of the heavy metals that can cause environmental pollution and toxic effects in natural waters. This encourages the development of better technological alternatives for the removal of this pollutant. This work explores the application of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the removal of Cu(II) ions from acidic waters. ZnO NPs were characterized and adsorption experiments were performed under different acidic pHs to evaluate the removal of Cu(II) ions with ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs were chemically stable under acidic conditions. The adsorption capacity of ZnO NPs for Cu(II) was up to 47.5 and 40.2 mg·g−1 at pH 4.8 and pH 4.0, respectively. The results revealed that qmax (47.5 mg·g−1) and maximum removal efficiency of Cu(II) (98.4%) are achieved at pH = 4.8. In addition, the surface roughness of ZnO NPs decreases approximately 70% after adsorption of Cu(II) at pH 4. The Cu(II) adsorption behavior was more adequately explained by Temkin isotherm model. Additionally, adsorption kinetics were efficiently explained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. These results show that ZnO NPs can be an efficient alternative for the removal of Cu(II) from acidic waters and the adsorption process was more efficient under pH = 4.8. This study provides new information about the potential application of ZnO NPs as an effective adsorbent for the remediation and treatment of acidic waters contaminated with Cu(II).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acidic waters"

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Schlief, Jeanette. "The fate of leaf litter in extremely acidic mining waters." Berlin dissertation.de, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2828582&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Alhousari, Fadi. "Fate and behaviour of acidic rice herbicides in lagoon waters of camargue." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10022/document.

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Le delta du Rhône est une vaste plaine alluviale recouverte d’étangs et de lagunes, parsemée de cultures diverses, principalement du riz (21’100 ha en 2009, Centre Français du Riz, 2010). Des herbicides répandus en avril (pré levée, prétilachlor) et en juin (poste levée, bentazone ; MCPA et dichlorprop) sont utilisés dans la riziculture pour lutter contre les mauvaises herbes. L’étang de Vaccarès, qui est classé «réserve de biosphère» par l’UNESCO pour sa grande richesse biologique reçoit des pesticides directement issus des rizières par les canaux de drainage. D’un point de vue scientifique, peu d’études sont consacrées au devenir des pesticides dans les eaux estuariennes. En outre, la plupart de ces études ont été focalisées sur la photochimie bien que la biodégradation soit impliqué dans l’atténuation des pesticides. Alors le but de ce travail de thèse est de comprendre le devenir des herbicides de riziculture en évaluant le rôle de la photochimie direct et indirect et de la biodégradation. Nous avons développé donc un modèle capable de décrire la transformation de molécules organique par la voie photochimique dans les eaux estuariennes. Enfin nous avons déterminé les processus principaux impliqués dans l'atténuation rapide des herbicides de riziculture en Camargue
The Ile de Camargue basin is the central part of the Rhône Delta in the south of France included between the two branches of the river. The higher parts of this area are agricultural lands, mainly rice fields, whereas the lower parts are lagoons and natural wetlands of international importance for biodiversity preservation.Bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA are post-emerging herbicides applied in rice fields from mid April to mid June. Rice fields grown under flooded conditions represent an environment where these conditions increase the potential for pesticides to transport in runoff from rice fields to non- target surface waters.To predict their fate in the surface waters of the Camargue and to asses their risk, it is necessary to understand their chemical reaction under environmental conditions.Reactive photoinduced species (RPS, hydroxyl radical HO., singlet oxygen 1O2 and dissolved organic matter triplet state) in estuarine waters (Vaccarès lagoon) were characterized experimentally to estimate the role of photochemistry in rice paddy. We then developed a kinetic model describing the solar photo-transformation of xenobiotic organic compounds induced by the three different photooxidants RPS. Sunlight photodegradation of bentazone, dichlorprop (DCPP), MCPA and alachlor (used as a surrogate for the similar Pretilachlor, pre-emergence herbicide) and microbial transformation were conducted experimentally to estimate near-surface half-lives in surface water. Parallel to the experimental study, an assessment of the elimination rates of those herbicides by sorption and sedimentation, and volatilization were obtained by the model MASAS (Modelling of Anthropogenic Substances in Aquatic Systems).The half-lives of the herbicides obtained experimentally were then compared with those obtained from field data. This allowed to assessing the main processes involved in the attenuation of herbicide concentrations
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Di, Capua Francesco. "Sulfur-based denitrification of organic-deficient, acidic, low temperature and nickel contaminated waters in fluidized-bed reactors." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1106.

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La dénitrification autotrophe à l’aide de composés réduit de soufre est une approche intéressante pour le traitement biologique des contaminations azotées et des effluents pauvre en matière organique. La dénitrification autotrophe utilise des composés inorganiques comme sources d'énergie et de carbone. L'absence de matière organique élimine le besoin de post-traitements pour éliminer l'excès de carbone organique et limite la formation sous-produits d’oxydation dans le cadre de la production d’eau potable. Les eaux usées provenant des industries métallurgiques et minières ont généralement un faible pH, des températures basses et des concentrations élevées en métaux lourds. L'élimination biologique de l'azote est un défi parce que les bactéries dénitrifiantes prospèrent habituellement à pH neutre et à températures ambiantes (20-30 °C).Le but de cette thèse était de développer un procédé robuste de dénitrification à base de soufre dans des bioréacteurs à pH acide, températures psychrophiles (< 20 °C) et concentrations élevées en nickel. Le procédé a été optimisé au préalable avec des essais biologiques étudiant l'influence de la source de soufre (S2O32-, S0 biogénique et le synthétisé chimiquement), de la taille des particules de S0 (poudre et lentilles), de la culture dénitrifiante (cultures pures et mixtes de Thiobacillus) et de la température (6-30 °C) sur la cinétique de la dénitrification. L'utilisation de S2O32- et d’une culture pure de T. denitrificans ont permis d’atteindre des rendements de dénitrification les plus élevés. Le soufre élémentaire biogénique a été testé pour la première fois comme donneur d'électrons pour la dénitrification, montrant des taux de dénitrification 1.7 fois plus élevés que ceux obtenue avec de la poudre de S0 synthétisé chimiquement. Les taux de la dénitrification avec le S2O32- augmentent exponentiellement avec la température et les calculs avec l'équation d'Arrhenius donnent une énergie d'activation apparente Ea de 76.6 kJ/mol.Deux réacteurs à lit fluidisé (FBR) ont été utilisés pour étudier la dénitrification avec S2O32- à différents pH (5.25-7.00) et températures décroissantes (3-20 °C). Des rendements de dénitrification > 99% ont été observés pour eaux usés présentant des pH compris entre 5.75 et 5.30. L'addition d'une unité de carbonatation fournissant au biofilm du CO2 comme source de carbone supplémentaire, permettant une dénitrification complète à un pH de 4.75. Dans le même FBR, des taux de charge d'azote élevés (jusqu'à 3,3 kg N-NO3-/m3 d) avec le thiosulfate ont été maintenu à des températures aussi basses que 3 °C. L'impact de deux composés du Nickel (NiEDTA2- et NiCl2) sur la dénitrification à base de soufre a été étudiée dans deux FBR en parallèle à 20 (± 2) °C et des concentrations de nickel variant dans la gamme de 5-200 mg Ni/L. Dans des bioessais discontinues, 25-100 mg Ni/L de NiCl2 ont inhibée l'élimination de NO3- de 7-16%, alors qu'aucune inhibition n'a été observée avec NiEDTA2-. L'EDTA non complexée a inhibée la dénitrification à des concentrations supérieures à 100 mg/L. Les deux composés de Ni ont montré aucun effet négatif sur la dénitrification en FBR aux concentrations testées. Le bilan massique du nickel, la caractérisation de la phase solide et la modélisation thermodynamique ont révélé que des précipités de nickel ont été principalement éliminés avec l'effluent. Les phosphates, sulfures et oxydes de nickel ont été déterminés comme les principaux précipités de nickel et étaient principalement amorphe.Les FBRs se sont révélés être bioprocédés robustes pour l'élimination de l'azote à pH acide, pour des températures psychrophiles et des concentrations élevées de nickel. Les résultats de cette étude sont d'un grand intérêt pour le traitement des eaux souterraines et minières contaminés par les nitrates dans les régions froides du monde et également pour les eaux usées industrielles acides et chargées en métaux lourds
Autotrophic denitrification driven by reduced sulfur compounds is a promising and cost-effective biological nitrogen removal process, recommended for the treatment of organic-deficient waters, e.g. groundwater and several industrial wastewaters. Autotrophic denitrifiers utilize inorganic compounds as sources of energy and carbon. The lack of organics eliminates the need of post-treatments to remove excess organic carbon and limits the formation of harmful organic byproducts (e.g. trihalomethanes, THM), resulting in a clean and safe treatment also for drinking water. Wastewaters from mining and metal-finishing industry commonly feature low pH and temperatures as well as high heavy metal concentrations. Nitrogen removal from these waters is a technical challenge, since denitrifying bacteria usually thrives at circumneutral pH and ambient temperatures (20-30°C).The aim of this study was to develop a robust and efficient sulfur-based denitrification bioreactor process able to tolerate acidic pH, psychrophilic temperatures (< 20°C) and high nickel concentrations. The process was preliminary optimized in batch bioassays investigating the influence of sulfur source, i.e. thiosulfate (S2O32-) and biogenic and chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0), S0 particle size (powder and lentils), denitrifying culture (pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus) and temperature (6-30°C) on denitrification kinetics. The use of S2O32- and a pure culture of Thiobacillus denitrificans resulted in the highest denitrification rates. Biogenic S0 was tested for the first time as electron donor for autotrophic denitrification, showing 1.7-fold faster NO3- removal than that achieved with chemically synthesized S0 powder. The rates of thiosulfate-driven denitrification exponentially increased with temperature, being modeled according to the Arrhenius equation with an apparent activation energy Ea of 76.6 kJ/mol and a temperature coefficient Q10 of 3.0.Fluidized-bed reactors (FBRs) were used to investigate continuous thiosulfate-driven denitrification under decreasing feed pH (5.25-7.00) and temperatures (3-20°C). Denitrification efficiencies > 99% were observed at feed and effluent pH as low as 5.75 and 5.30, respectively. At lower feed pH values, the denitrification activity rapidly decreased due to an inorganic carbon deficiency. The addition of a carbonation unit providing CO2 as supplemental carbon source to the FBR biofilm allowed complete denitrification even at a pH of 4.75. In the same FBR, high-rate (up to 3.3 kg N-NO3-/m3 d) thiosulfate-driven denitrification was maintained at temperatures as low as 3°C. The impact of two Ni compounds, i.e. NiEDTA2- and NiCl2, on sulfur-based denitrification was investigated in a parallel FBR at 20 (±2)°C and feed Ni concentrations in the range of 5-200 mg Ni/L. Preliminary batch bioassays were carried out to assess Ni and free EDTA toxicity on sulfur-based denitrification. In batch bioassays, 25-100 mg Ni/L of NiCl2 inhibited NO3- removal by 7-16%, whereas no inhibition was observed with NiEDTA2-. Free EDTA inhibited sulfur-based denitrification at concentrations exceeding 100 mg/L. Both Ni compounds showed no detrimental effects on sulfur-based denitrification in FBR at the tested concentrations. Nickel mass balance, solid-phase characterization and thermodynamic modeling revealed that nickel precipitates were mostly washed out with the effluent, due to the slow Ni precipitation kinetics and high upflow velocities in the FBR. Nickel phosphate, sulfide and oxide were indicated as the main nickel precipitates and were mostly amorphous.FBRs were shown to be powerful and robust biofilm systems for nitrogen removal under acidic pH, psychrophilic temperatures and high nickel concentrations. The results of this study are of great interest for the treatment of NO3- contaminated ground and mining waters in cold regions (e.g. Canadian and Scandinavian regions) as well as acidic and heavy-metal-laden wastewaters
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Musibono, Diudonné-Athanase Eyul'anki-Ekwalang'Ayor. "Toxicological studies of the combined effects of aluminium, copper and manganese on a freshwater amphipod in acidic waters." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19382.

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This thesis describes the combined toxicity in aqueous solutions of three common metals (Al, Cu and Mn) on the endemic freshwater amphipod Paramelita nigroculos (Barnard) from the south-western Cape region of South Africa. The aims of the work were three-fold: to examine the toxic effects of combinations of the three metals; to investigate such effects on an indigenous aquatic organism; and, to investigate eh adequacy of the South African "Guidelines for aquatic ecosystems", which are derived from the data based on the effects of individual elements.
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Warby, Richard Ashley Frank. "The chemical response of surface waters and organic soils across the northeastern United States, following reduced inputs of acidic deposition 1984-2001 /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342747271&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Luís, Ana Teresa Lopes Ferreira. "Integration of geochemical and biological modifications in mining areas: waters, sediments and diatoms." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12332.

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Doutoramento em Geociências
The development of mining activities over thousands of years in the region of Aljustrel is nowadays visible as a vast area of ore tailings, slag and host rocks of sulphides mineralization. The generation of acidic waters by the alteration of pyritic minerals - Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) - causes a significant impact on the river system both in the south of the village (Rib ª. Água Forte) and in the north of it (Rib ª. Água Azeda and Barranco do Farrobo), which is reflected in extremely low pH values (< 3) and high concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and sulphates. This study aimed to assess the environmental impacts extent, integrating geochemical (surface waters and stream sediments) and biological (diatoms) parameters. Three groups of sites were defined, based on sediments and water analysis, which integration with diatom data showed the same association of groups: Group 1- impacted, with acidic pH (1.9-5.1), high metal contents (0.4-1975 mg L-1) and Fe-Mg-sulphate waters, being metals more bioavailable in waters in cationic form (Me2+); mineralogically the sediments were characterized by phyllosilicates and sulphates/oxy-hydroxysulphate phases, easily solubilized, retaining a high amount of metals when precipitated; dominant taxon was Pinnularia aljustrelica (a new species); Group 2- slightly impacted, weak acid to neutral pH (5.0-6.8), metal contents not so high (0.2-25 mg L-1) and Fe-Mg-sulphate to Mg-chloride waters; dominant taxa were Brachysira neglectissima and Achnanthidium minutissimum; Group 3- unimpacted, alkaline pH (7.0-8.4), low metal contents (0-7 mg L-1) with Mg-chloride waters. In this group, metals were associated to the primary phases (e.g. sulphides), not so easily available; the existence of high chloride contents explained the presence of typical taxa of brackish/marine (e.g. Entomoneis paludosa) waters. Taxonomical aspects of the diatoms were studied (discovery of a new species: Pinnularia aljustrelica Luis, Almeida et Ector sp. nov.), as well as morphometric (size decrease of diatoms valves, as well as the appearance of deformed valves of Eunotia exigua in Group 1 and A. minutissimum in Group 2) and physiological (effective to assess the effects of metals/acidity in the photosynthetic efficiency through PAM Fluorometry) aspects. A study was carried out in an artificial river system (microcosm) that aimed to mimic Aljustrel’s extreme conditions in controlled laboratory conditions. The chronic effects of Fe, SO42- and acidity in field biofilms, inoculated in the artificial rivers, were evaluated as well as their contribution to the communities’ tolerance to metal toxicity, through acute tests with two metals (Cu and Zn). In general, the effects caused by low pH values and high concentrations of Fe and SO42- were reflected at the community level by the decrease in diversity, the predominance of acidophilic species, the decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and the increase of enzymatic (e.g. catalase, superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic activities (e.g. total glutathione and total phytochelatins). However, it was possible to verify that acidity performed a protective effect in the communities, upon Cu and Zn addition. A comparative study between Aljustrel mining area and New Brunswick mining area was carried out, both with similar mining and geological conditions, reflected in similar diatom communities in both mines, but in very different geographic and climatic areas.
O desenvolvimento de actividades mineiras ao longo de milhares de anos na região de Aljustrel, reflecte-se actualmente em vastas áreas ocupadas por escombreiras com minério, escórias e rochas encaixantes das mineralizações de sulfuretos. A geração de águas ácidas por oxidação dos sulfuretos - Drenagem Ácida de Mina (DAM) - provoca um impacte significativo na rede hidrográfica, quer na zona sul da vila de Aljustrel (Ribª. de Água Forte) quer na região norte da mesma (Ribª. da Água Azeda e Barranco do Farrobo), que se traduz em valores extremamente baixos de pH (<3) e elevadas concentrações de As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn e SO4. Este estudo teve como objectivo avaliar a extensão destes impactos ambientais, integrando parâmetros geoquímicos (águas superficiais e sedimentos de corrente) e biológicos (diatomáceas). Três grupos de locais foram definidos com base na análise dos sedimentos de corrente e águas superficiais, cuja integração com as diatomáceas mostrou a mesma associação de grupos: Grupo 1- impactados, com pH ácido (1.9-5.1), conteúdo em metais alto (0.4-1975 mg L-1) e águas sulfatadas ferromagnesianas, estando os metais mais biodisponíveis nas águas sob a forma catiónica (Me2+); mineralogicamente os sedimentos caracterizaram-se por existência de fases filossilicatadas e sulfatadas/óxi-hidroxisulfatadas facilmente solubilizáveis que retêm grande quantidade de metais aquando da sua precipitação; o taxon dominante foi Pinnularia aljustrelica (espécie nova); Grupo 2- ligeiramente impactados, pH ácido fraco a neutro (5.0-6.8), conteúdo em metais pouco elevado (0.2-25 mg L-1) e com águas do tipo sulfatadas ferromagnesianas a cloretadas magnesianas; os taxa dominantes foram Brachysira neglectissima e Achnanthidium minutissimum); Grupo 3- não impactados, pH alcalino (7.0-8.4), conteúdo em metais baixo (0-7 mg L-1), águas essencialmente cloretadas magnesianas. Neste grupo, os metais estavam associados às fases primárias (por exemplo, sulfuretos), não se encontrando por isso tão disponíveis; verificam-se altos conteúdos em cloro o que justifica a presença de taxa típicos de águas salobras/marinhas (por exemplo, Entomoneis paludosa). As amostras de diatomáceas foram estudadas do ponto de vista taxonómico (descoberta de uma nova espécie: Pinnularia aljustrelica Luís, Almeida et Ector sp. nov.), morfométrico (diminuição do tamanho das valvas de diatomáceas, assim como o aparecimento de formas deformadas de Eunotia exigua no Grupo 1 e A. minutissimum no Grupo 2), fisiológico (uso da Fluorometria de Pulso Modulado foi eficaz na avaliação dos efeitos dos metais/acidez na eficiência fotossintética). Foi efectuado um estudo em sistema de rios artificiais (microcosmos) que teve como objectivo simular as condições extremas existentes em Aljustrel em condições controladas de laboratório. Avaliaram-se os efeitos crónicos do Fe, SO42- e acidez nas comunidades inoculados nos rios artificiais e a sua contribuição para a tolerência dessas comunidades à toxicidade a dois metais (Cu e Zn) através de testes agudos. De um modo geral, os efeitos provocados pelos valores baixos de pH e pelos elevados teores em Fe e SO42- reflectiram-se a nível das comunidades de diatomáceas, na diminuição da diversidade, no predomínio de espécies acidofílicas, na diminuição da eficiência fotossintética e no aumento das actividades enzimáticas e não enzimáticas. Contudo, aquando da adição do Cu e do Zn, a acidez teve um efeito protector nas comunidades. Foi também efectuado um estudo comparativo entre a zona mineira de Aljustrel e a zona mineira de New Brunswick (Canadá) que apresentavam condições geológicas e de mineração semelhantes, refletindo-se em comunidades de diatomáceas análogas, mas com uma localização geográfica e climática muito distinta.
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Brooks, Jenkins Gareth. "Amelioration of acidity in fresh waters : individual to ecosystem level responses." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8981.

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The extensive acidification of fresh waters across Europe and North America during the 20th century led to extensive and widespread loss of species, which fundamentally changed the structure of resident communities. While attempts to limit or halt acidifying emissions have been successful in reversing the chemical consequences of acidification, any corresponding biological recovery has been patchy at best. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate potential ecological constraints on this biological recovery, ranging from interactions between individuals to ecosystem-level processes, using a model stream system that has been extensively studied for over 40 years. I used a combination of long-term survey data and experiments, both in the field and the laboratory, to provide evidence that the lag in recovery of acidified aquatic communities is due to intrinsic resistance to re-colonisation by acid-sensitive species, as a result of both direct and indirect interactions between predators and prey. However, there is also evidence of recovery at an ecosystem level, with rates of microbial decomposition increasing – a key link in the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels, which could be facilitating population increases in large-bodied predators. These findings increase our understanding of the drivers which govern the structure and function of ecological networks in response to an important climatic stressor. This is especially relevant given the rapid industrialisation of countries such as India and China, which could well soon experience anthropogenic acidification on a significant scale.
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Owe, Lars-Erik. "Characterisation of Iridium Oxides for Acidic Water Electrolysis." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14450.

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Curren, Meredith S. "Partitioning of acidic solutes between water and supercritical carbon dioxide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/NQ48326.pdf.

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Curren, Meredith S. (Meredith Susan) Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "Partitioning of acidic solutes between water and supercritical carbon dioxide." Ottawa, 1999.

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Books on the topic "Acidic waters"

1

Liming acidic surface waters. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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D, Marcus Michael, and Olem Harvey, eds. Practical guide to managing acidic surface waters and their fisheries. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

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National Research Council of Canada. Division of Energy. Peat Energy Program. Geochemistry of Metal-Organic Complexes in Naturally-Acidic Waters From Peatlands: Final Report. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Yanful, E. K. Generation and evolution of acidic pore waters at the waite amulet tailings: Final report. Pointe Claire, Que: Centre de Technologie Noranda, 1990.

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Canty, Geoffrey A. Utilization of coal combustion by-products for in situ treatment of acidic mine waters. Norman, OK: Graduate College, University of Oklahoma, 1999.

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Johnsson, Patricia A. A computer program for geochemical analysis of acid-rain and other low-ionic-strength, acidic waters. West Trenton, N.J: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Shotyk, William. Geochemistry of metal-organic complexes in naturally-acidic waters from peatlands: Final report submitted to Environment Canada. Ottawa: National Research Council, Canada Peat Energy program, 1986.

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Alpers, Charles N. Compilation and interpretation of water-quality and discharge data for acidic mine waters at Iron Mountain, Shasta County, California, 1940-91. Sacramento, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Troubled skies, troubled waters: The story of acid rain. New York: Penguin Books, 1985.

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Kline, Matthew J. Survey of acidic and episodically acidic streams in western Maryland. Annapolis, Md: Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acidic waters"

1

Wells, David E., Alun S. Gee, and Richard W. Battarbee. "Sensitive Surface Waters — A UK Perspective." In Acidic Precipitation, 1685–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_170.

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Leuven, R. S. E. W., H. L. M. Kersten, J. A. A. R. Schuurkes, J. G. M. Roelofs, and G. H. P. Arts. "Evidence for Recent Acidification of Lentic Soft Waters in the Netherlands." In Acidic Precipitation, 387–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_39.

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Loranger, T. J., D. F. Brakke, M. B. Bonoff, and B. F. Gall. "Temporal Variability of Lake Waters in the North Cascades Mountains (Washington, U.S.A.)." In Acidic Precipitation, 1177–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_118.

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Sadler, K., and A. W. H. Turnpenny. "Field and Laboratory Studies of Exposures of Brown Trout to Acid Waters." In Acidic Precipitation, 593–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_59.

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Jeffries, Dean S. "Snowpack Storage of Pollutants, Release during Melting, and Impact on Receiving Waters." In Acidic Precipitation, 107–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4456-1_4.

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Campbell, P. G. C., D. Thomassin, and A. Tessier. "Aluminum Speciation in Running Waters on the Canadian Pre-Cambrian Shield: Kinetic Aspects." In Acidic Precipitation, 1023–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_103.

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Geller, Walter, and Martin Schultze. "Remediation and Management of Acidified Pit Lakes and Outflowing Waters." In Acidic Pit Lakes, 225–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29384-9_4.

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Harvey, H. H., and J. M. McArdle. "Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri Exposed to Plastic Lake Inlet and Outlet Stream Waters." In Acidic Precipitation, 687–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_70.

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Kerekes, Joseph J., Anthony C. Blouin, and Stephen T. Beauchamp. "Trophic response to phosphorus in acidic and non-acidic lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada." In Trophic Relationships in Inland Waters, 105–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0467-5_13.

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Shearer, J. A., and E. R. DeBruyn. "Phytoplankton Productivity Responses to Direct Addition of Sulfuric and Nitric Acids to the Waters of a Double-Basin Lake." In Acidic Precipitation, 695–702. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Acidic waters"

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Sajadi, S. A. A. "Investigation of Heavy Metals Containing Acidic Waste Waters from Coal Mine." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515752.

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Smith, N. T., D. J. Reisman, N. R. Anton, M. R. Nelson, R. L. Olsen, and A. K. Frandsen. "Treatment of acidic mine waters containing metals: past practices and new approaches." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid140051.

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Lavado Meza, Carmencita, Sury Pacheco Vasquez, Julio Angeles Suazo, Glicerio Lopez Orihuela, Janette Navarro Ayllon, Nataly Angeles Suazo, and Roberto Angeles Vasquez. "Removal of Cu (II) from acidic waters using biomass from coconut shells." In 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2022.1.1.451.

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Carvalho, Fernando P., Joa˜o M. Oliveira, and Lube´lia M. Torres. "Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Around Old Uranium Mining Sites Near Mangualde (Viseu), Portugal." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7366.

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Uranium ore was extracted in the surroundings of Mangualde city, North of Portugal, in the mines of Cunha Baixa, Quinta do Bispo and Espinho until a few years ago. Mining waste, milling tailings and acid mine waters are the on site remains of this extractive activity. Environmental radioactivity measurements were performed in and around these sites in order to assess the dispersal of radionuclides from uranium mining waste and the spread of acidic waters resulting from the in situ uranium leaching with sulphuric acid. Results show migration of acid waters into groundwater around the Cunha Baixa mine. This groundwater is tapped by irrigation wells in the agriculture area near the Cunha Baixa village. Water from wells displayed uranium (238U) concentrations up to 19 × 103 mBq L−1 and sulphate ion concentrations up to 1070 mg L−1. These enhanced concentrations are positively correlated with low water pH, pointing to a common origin for radioactivity, dissolved sulphate, and acidity in underground mining works. Radionuclide concentrations were determined in horticulture and farm products from this area also and results suggest low soil to plant transfer of radionuclides and low food chain transfer of radionuclides to man. Analysis of aerosols in surface air showed re suspension of dust from mining and milling waste heaps. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain mine water treatment and to plan remediation of these mine sites in order to prevent waste dispersal in the environment.
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Smith, Bruce D., David L. Campbell, and Winfield G. Wright. "Using Resistivity to Map Acidic Waters at the May Day Mine Dump, Silverton, Colorado." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2001. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922851.

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D. Smith, Bruce, David L. Campbell, and Winfield G. Wright. "Using Resistivity To Map Acidic Waters At The May Day Mine Dump, Silverton, Colorado." In 14th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.192.aml_2.

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Arakchaa, K. D., Yu G. Kopylova, N. V. Guseva, A. A. Kvacshevskaya, A. I. Orgil’yanov, I. G. Kryukova, I. V. Smetanina, N. S. Triphonov, Z. R. Akbasheva, and O. D. Ayunova. "FORMS OF FINDING OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN ACIDIC WATERS OF A SPRING AZHYG-SUG (WESTERN TUVA)." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-394-397.

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Fix, David V., John C. Estill, Lana L. Wong, and Rau´l B. Rebak. "General and Localized Corrosion of Austenitic and Borated Stainless Steels in Simulated Concentrated Ground Waters." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2792.

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Boron containing stainless steels are used in the nuclear industry for applications such as spent fuel storage, control rods and shielding. It was of interest to compare the corrosion resistance of three borated stainless steels with standard austenitic alloy materials such as type 304 and 316 stainless steels. Tests were conducted in three simulated concentrated ground waters at 90°C. Results show that the borated stainless were less resistant to corrosion than the witness austenitic materials. An acidic concentrated ground water was more aggressive than an alkaline concentrated ground water.
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Palattao, Maria Visitacion, Edmundo Vargas, Rolando Reyes, Carl Nohay, Alfonso Singayan, Mario Aurelio, Matej Gedeon, Roy Anthony C. Luna, and Dirk Mallants. "Performance and Safety Assessment of the Co-Location of the Near Surface Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities and Borehole Disposal Concept in the Philippines." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96148.

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The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) in collaboration with the interagency technical committee on radioactive waste has been undertaking a national project to find a final solution to the country’s low to intermediate level radioactive waste. The strategy adopted was to co-locate 2 disposal concepts that will address the types of radioactive waste generated from the use of radioactive materials. This strategy is expected to compensate for the small volumes of waste generated in the Philippines as compared to countries with big nuclear energy programs. It will also take advantage of the benefits of a shared infrastructure and R&D work that accompany such project. The preferred site selected from previous site selection and investigations is underlain by highly fractured “andesitic volcaniclastics” mantled by residual clayey soil which act as the aquifer or water bearing layer. Results of investigation show that the groundwater in the area is relatively dilute and acidic. Springs at the lower elevations of the footprint also indicate acidic waters. The relatively acidic water is attributed to the formation of sulfuric acid by the oxidation of the pyrite in the andesite. A preliminary post closure safety assessment was carried out using the GMS MODFLOW and HYDRUS softwares purchased through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) technical assistance. Results from MODFLOW modeling show that the radionuclide transport follows the natural gradient from the top of the hill down to the natural discharge zones. The vault dispersion model shows a circular direction from the vaults towards the faults and eventually to the creeks. The contaminant transport from borehole shows at least one confined plume from the borehole towards the creek designated as Repo1 and eventually follows downstream. The influx of surface water and rainfall to the disposal vault was modeled using the HYDRUS software. The pressure head and water content at the base of the foundation layer and the bottom of the concrete is where a significant reduction in water content can be observed. It is also noted that water content and pressure remain constant after one year.
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Rollins, Brandon C., and Jorge Penso. "Fracture Toughness Behavior of Welded Service Aged Carbon Steels in Mildly Sour Waters." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-85807.

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Abstract Cracking of steels in refinery H2S service occurs in two regimes: 1) low pH and 2) high pH. Cracking in the low pH regime (pH &lt; 6 or 7) is associated with ingress of hydrogen from metal dissolution with H2S poisoning the hydrogen recombination reaction. In the high pH regime (pH &gt; 7), cracking requires the presence of species other than just H2S. While this has been a subject of interest since the failure of an amine absorber tower in 1984, limited laboratory testing has been conducted in either regime. The majority of test data that does exist was from studies conducted in more aggressive environments, such as NACE A or NACE B solutions. Additionally, most of the work was conducted on more modern steels rather than service aged of vintage steel. The lack of available data inhibits the ability to perform fitness for service (FFS) assessments without using overly conservative approaches. A recent test program was undertaken to evaluate the fracture toughness properties of the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) of an ex-service steel in mildly acidic sour water environments more typical of the downstream refining industry. The results of the test program, including the test environment and approach are discussed. In addition to the test program, the current state of understanding sour water cracking is reviewed relative to both the low pH and high pH regimes. The gaps in the current knowledge are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Acidic waters"

1

Turner, R. S., D. W. Johnson, J. N. Elwood, W. Van Winkle, R. B. Clapp, M. L. Jones, D. R. Marmarek, K. W. Thornton, S. A. Gherinig, and J. L. Schnoor. Factors affecting the long-term response of surface waters to acidic deposition: state-of-the-science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5808106.

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Schutt, Timothy C., and Manoj K. Shukla. Computational Investigation on Interactions Between Some Munitions Compounds and Humic Substances. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39703.

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Humic acid substances (HAs) in natural soil and sediment environments effect the retention and degradation of insensitive munitions compounds and legacy high explosives (MCs): DNAN, DNi- NH4+, nMNA, NQ, NTO (neutral and anionic forms), TNT, and RDX.A humic acid model compound has been considered using molecular dynamics, thermodynamic integration, and density functional theory to characterize the munition binding ability, ionization potential, and electron affinity compared to that in the water solution. Humic acids bind most compounds and act as both a sink and source for electrons. Ionization potentials suggest HAs are more susceptible to oxidation than the MCs studied. The electron affinity of HAs are very conformation-dependent and spans the same range as the munition compounds. When HAs and MCs are complexed the HAs tend to radicalize first thus buffering MCs against reductive as well as oxidative attacks.
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Gdowski, G. Formulation and make-up of simulated acidic concentrated water (SAW), high ionic content aqueous solution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2870.

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Desbarats, A. J., and J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.

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Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
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5

Author, Not Given. Advanced water-cooled phosphoric acid fuel cell development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7039349.

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Ratliff, Raymond D., and Ethelynda E. Harding. Soil acidity, temperature, and water relationships of four clovers in Sierra Nevada meadows. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rn-413.

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Khasaeva, Fatima, Igor Parshikov, and Evgeny Zaraisky. Degradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine by Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2463.

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Degradation of pyridines in waste water is an important issue for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The biodegradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine was investigated by the bacterium Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KM-4, which resulted in the formation of three metabolites: 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3,4-diol, and 2,4-dioxopentanoic acid.
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Groudeva, Veneta, Irena Spasova, Stoyan Groudev, Marina Nicolova, Plamen Georgiev, Mihail Iliev, and Ralitsa Ralitsa. Treatment of Heavy Polluted Acid Drainage Waters by Means of a Passive System. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.10.09.

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Baker, J., D. Bernard, S. Christensen, M. Sale, J. Freda, K. Heltcher, L. Rowe, et al. Biological effects of changes in surface water acid-base chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7255574.

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Granot, David, and Sarah M. Assmann. Novel regulation of transpiration by sugar signals within guard cells. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597924.bard.

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Water is the major limiting factor in agriculture and stomata, composed of two guard cells and the pore they circumscribe, are the chief gates controlling plants’ water loss. The prevailing century old paradigm was that sugars act as an osmoticum in guard cells, contributing to the opening of the stomata. In contrast, we discovered that sugars close stomata and the closure is mediated by the sugar-sensing enzyme hexokinase (HXK) that triggers the abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathway within the guard cells. This new discovery suggests a sugar-sensing mechanism within guard cells that controls stomatal closure, and supports the existence of a stomatal feedback mechanism that coordinates photosynthesis with transpiration.
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