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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acidifikace'
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1
Bímová, Tereza. "Struktura zooplanktonu v nádržích Jizerských hor v období vrcholící antropogenní acidifikace a zotavování z acidifikace (1992-2011)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323679.
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Acidic atmospheric deposition and acidification of soil and water on the Earth's surface, due to emissions of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere, have led to drastic changes in the composition of surface waters and their biota in many regions of the world over the last century. The number of species and biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos were reduced, or some components (zooplankton, zoobenthos, fish) became extinct. In the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic), the man-made acidification has always been combined with a natural acidity (dystrophy) of waters, caused by a high amount of organic acids. Despite a strong recovery of water chemistry from acidification, that has started in the 1990s, biological recovery is delayed and much more complex. This master thesis is a study of the succession of zooplankton (crustaceans) in mountain reservoirs Souš, Bedřichov and Josefův Důl after decades of strong acidification. Biological recovery from acidification has been in progress differently in the drinking water reservoir Souš, which has long been limed, in the Bedřichov reservoir with naturally high content of organic material, and in the drinking water reservoir Josefův Důl, which is the largest and deepest one and which was most affected by acidification. Recovery of...
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Bartošíková, Martina. "Zotavování zooplanktonního společenstva horských jezer z acidifikace." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388333.
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Mountain Lakes in Bohemian forest are currently undergoing a process of acidification. In spite of the rapid improvement of chemistry, the biological recovery is considerably delayed. This state may be due to a number of factors, such as persistent periodic pH fluctuations and hence increased aluminum leaching, phosphorus limitation, resistance of acid-tolerant communities, or limited opportunities for spreading from surrounding sites or damage to the egg bank. With the delay in improving the chemical composition of water gradually comes the improvement of the biological state, which manifests in the first phase by increasing the abundance of the existing species, in the second by increasing the number of species. In addition to the fish, it seems that the largest filtering dwarfs of the genus Daphnia are returned. In spite of their efforts to accelerate their return in the natural experiment by repatriating the species Cyclops abyssorum and Daphnia longispina to Plešné Lake in 2004, the wildebeests did not enjoy the new locality. Still, after almost ten years, individual individuals of this kind were found in lake litoral. This diploma thesis builds on the research of the Bohemian forest lakes, which is going on for almost 150 years. The zooplankton's response to changes in chemistry was studied...
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Drábková, Jana. "Trendy acidifikace podzemních vod v České republice." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331189.
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Hradilová, Naďa. "Úloha endocytózy a endosomální acidifikace v apoptóze indukované ligandem TRAIL." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307789.
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TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) became known for its ability to selectively eliminate cancer cells. This ligand is a member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) ligands family and triggers extrinsic apoptotic pathway by binding of its death receptor 4 or 5 (DR4/5), and subsequent formation of death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). This signalling complex is required for successful transmission of apoptotic signal and activation of proximal caspases. However, regulation of the initial steps leading to activation of caspases is still not fully understood. Endocytosis of a TRAIL- DR4/5-DISC complex can be one of modulators of the initiation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent studies show controversial data documenting that endocytosis of TRAIL receptosomes can in cell type specific manner either positively or negatively influence TRAIL-induced apoptotic signalling. In this study, we focus on the analysis of a role of endocytosis and acidification of endosomal compartments during TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Our results support the view that both clathrin-dependent endocytosis of TRAIL receptosome and endosomal acidification positively affect activation of caspases during the early stages of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of endocytosis or endosomal...
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Štenclová, Renata. "Vliv procesu zotavení z acidifikace na změny druhového složení zooplanktonu tatranských jezer." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-293465.
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Kintl, Antonín. "Vliv mikrobiální aktivity půdy alpinských luk na acidifikaci." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-90117.
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Burdová, Lucie. "Ryby a bentos Černé Nisy a jejich kontaminace kovy v období zotavování z acidifikace." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-280938.
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The aims of the thesis were to compare chemistry of the Černá Nisa stream in the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic) at the end of the era of strong anthropogenic acidification (in the mid-1990s) and in the period of the recent intensive chemical and biological recovery from acidification, and to study the present biota of the stream. During the year 2008, physical and chemical parameters of the water were studied, the species and age composition of ichthyofauna, and the quality and quantity of macrozoobenthos - the main component of the food for fish. Special attention was paid to the content of toxic metals (Be, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the water, main representatives of benthic organisms, and in selected tissues of brook charr. The comparison of the water chemistry with results from the years 1994, 1996, and 1997 showed a decrease in acidification, despite the unstable chemical climate during the seasons, and sulphate and nitrate concentrations still high. Since the mid 1990s, the stream has been inhabited by a stable population of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), a non-native, highly acid-tolerant species, which is now dominating there. At present, also a stable population of a native species, common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), occurs in the stream....
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Mičková, Tereza. "Stanovení pH a obsahu humusu půd Rosicka." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179624.
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This thesis deals with actual (pH/H2O) and exchange (pH/KCl) soil reaction and the humus content in 30 locations of soil in Rosicko. Samples for a determination of a pH and humus were taken in autumn in 2013 as damaged from topsoil and subsoil. In this thesis are included basic informations about soil reaction and humus, how they are determinated and about methods of evaluation measured values. By measuring was found, that actual soil reaction on monitored area we judge like immature alkaline, exchange soil reaction like immature acid. Average content of humus in Rosicko's topsoils are soils medium humous, by average content of humus in subsoils are soils gently humous. Statistical evaluation showed, that effect of topsoil and subsoil in pH/H2O and content of humus is statistically significant. The effect of topsoil and subsoil in pH/KCl is statistically inconclusive.
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Houška, Jakub. "Dynamika vývoje půdních vlastností v přirozených a přírodě blízkých lesních ekosystémech : srovnávací analýzy vybraných vlastností lesních půd." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93261.
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PEROUTKOVÁ, Marie. "Změny vybraných parametrů chemismu půd v povodích šumavských jezer v období zotavování z acidifikace. Vliv těchto změn na stabilitu tamějších ekosystémů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81821.
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Beneš, Filip. "Sezónní vývoj makrozoobentosu, jeho dlouhodobé změny a vliv mimořádných událostí na acidifikovaných tocích pramenné části povodí Litavky v Brdech." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324409.
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This Master thesis was focused on seasonal development of macrozoobenthos for season 2009-2010, its long-term changes and effects of extreme events on acidified brooks in headwater catchments of the Litavka river in the Brdy Mountains (the Czech Republic). The extreme events are considered: drought, floods and deforestation. Changes in composition of macrozoobenthos were compared with the previous research, which was provided there for season 1999-2000. Headwater catchment of the Litavka river consist of two streams: strongly acidified Litavka-krmelec (LK) and slightly acidified Litavka-hlavní (LH), which is taken as a reference stream. Measured pH levels of LK were in range of 4,00-4,22 (with median 4,10) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 1381-2187 µg.L-1 (with median 1692 µg.L-1 ). Measured pH levels of LH were in range of 4,74-6,22 (with median 5,62) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 8-400 µg.L-1 (with median 33 µg.L-1 ). Concentrations of R-Al are observed due to toxic forms of Al3+ ions on aquatic organisms. The significant differences in composition of macrozoobenthos were also observed. On strongly acidified study site LK were not present acidosensitive groups, such as mayflies, molluscs and some species of caddisflies. All of these...
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Musilová, Martina. "Dynamika vybraných chemických vlastností povrchových horizontů Velkomeziříčska." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178726.
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This thesis is focused on the potencial (pH/KCl) and the actual (pH/H2O) soil reaction fluctuation and with humus content in 15 different areas in the region of Velkomeziříčsko. There were taken some samples to assess the pH and humus content for three times in the autumn during the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 as damaged from the surface mineral horizon. My work is also consisted with the basic information about the soil reaction, content of humus in the soil, it's determination and the methods of the measurement evaluating and rating. By measuring was found that the average content of humus of the interest area is around 3,7 %. These values correspond to strongly humic soils. The highest content of humus was recorded at forest sites. The average value of actual soil reaction is 6,7 for the field and meadow and 4,2 for the forest. The average value of potencial soil reaction is 5,5 for the field and meadow and 3,3 for the forest. According to the one-factor-analysis of variance there isn't any influence on the date but there is some influence on the location in the statistics of taking the samples to study the change of pH/H2O and pH/KCl. According to the one-factor-analysis of variance there isn't any influence on the date and on the location in the statistics of taking the samples to study the change of humus content.
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Šebesta, Jan. "Dynamika přirozených lesních geobiocenóz ve Východních Karpatech." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-176481.
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Kadlec, Jiří. "Efekt pomalu rozpustných hnojiv na pedochemické charakteristiky půdního prostředí ve vrcholových partiích Králického Sněžníku." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-431011.
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The thesis deals with the influence of fertilizers to the chemical characteristic of soil in the upper parts of Králický Sněžník. Fertilizer´s series Silvamix and calcareous dolomite were used as fertilizer. The fertilising products were applied directly to planted saplings. One and three years from the application of fertilising products effect of fertilizers on the soil was determined used samplings of soil and laboratory examinations. Impact of fertilising products on soil reaction, sorption saturation of soil, volume of nutrient, carbon and nitrogen was investigated. Based on the analysis we can say that the best fertilizer products are Silvamix R30TE and Silvamix R30S in this research area.
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Šimková, Petra. "Formy hliníku v acidifikovaných povrchových vodách - toxicita a trendy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305661.
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This thesis deals with forms of aluminium occurring in acidified surface waters. Special attention is paid to inorganic monomeric aluminium, fraction, which has toxic effect on some species of aquatic and terrestrial biota. The thesis primarily focuses on the analysis of surface water, groundwater and soil water chemistry in the year-round and long-term monitoring. The practical took place on an experimental mountain basin Uhlířská, which is drained by river Černá Nisa. Uhlířská basin is located in the Jizera Mountains and represents the area which was significantly exposed to the acid atmospheric deposition in the second half of the 20th century. Long-term exposure to acid precipitation caused the acidification of soil and watercourses, forest degradation and deforestation of large parts of the basin. Decrease in pH and an increase in concentration of toxic aluminium also caused species depletion of aquatic ecosystems. Monomeric forms of aluminium were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentration of total aluminium was determined by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), in case of low concentration electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was used. Five forms of aluminium were obtained - Altot, AlAS, Alm, Alo and potentially toxic Ali. Appart from...
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Adámek, Radek. "Sezónní vývoj a vertikální distribuce korýšů v hluboké stratifikované nádrži Josefův Důl v Jizerských horách." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347814.
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The zooplankton of Josefův Důl, a large and deep drinking water reservoir recovering from acidification, develop in relation to the improving water chemistry but also predation by salmonid fish re-stocked at the end of the 1990s. Crustacea are represented by small numbers of several species only, and nothing is known about their distribution in the water column. Recently, picocyanobacteria Merismopedia sp. became dominant in the phytoplankton, which hampers substantially the treatability of the raw water. The aim of the thesis is to describe the seasonal dynamics and vertical distribution of Crustacea in the Josefův Důl reservoir, together with parameters of the environment, and to study their possible diurnal vertical migrations in the summer period.
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VEJŘÍKOVÁ, Ivana. "Formy fosforu, hliníku a železa v půdách povodí acidifikovaných horských jezer." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135725.
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The thesis assesses forms of phosphorus, aluminium, and iron in soils of catchments of acidified mountain lakes. The aim of the study was to determinate changes in soil chemistry in catchments of Bohemian Forest lakes between years 2000 and 2010. The next aim was to compare fractionation according to Psenner and Pucsko (1988) with standard pedological extractions.
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VEJŘÍKOVÁ, Ivana. "Formy fosforu, hliníku a železa v půdách povodí acidifikovaných horských jezer." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154080.
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The thesis assesses forms of phosphorus, aluminium, and iron in soils of catchments of acidified mountain lakes. The aim of the study was to determinate changes in soil chemistry in catchments of Bohemian Forest lakes between years 2000 and 2010. The next aim was to compare fractionation according to Psenner and Pucsko (1988) with standard pedological extractions.
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Radochová, Petra. "Společenstva půdních hlístic při různých způsobech obnovy vřesovišť." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343822.
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Since the 20th century, the distribution of European heathlands rapidly decreased due to agricultural intensification, heavy use of artificial fertilizers or acidification. Therefore, various attempts of heathland restoration are under way in these days. Analysis of nematode community composition can be one of the tools suitable for succession evaluation. In 2011, 2013 and 2014, soil samples were collected from heathland restoration experiment (launched in 2011) where different restoration methods were applied in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment; existing heathlands were also sampled to identify the target community both in dry and wet heathland. A total of 60 samples of extracted nematodes were analysed for absolute abundance, trophic groups, and genera dominance. Various indices were calculated to describe the nematode community. We were able to proove faster development of wet heathlands towards the target community. However, because of large data variability, there was no significant difference between treatments. Development of wet and dry heathlands differed also in increased proportion of omniphagous nematodes in 2013 and predators in 2014 in dry heathlands. After three years of heathland restoration, nematode community has not yet reached parameters of the target community. Key words: Nematoda,...
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PELTANOVÁ, Jana. "Změny struktury společenstev makrozoobentosu v podélném profilu acidifikovaných potoků na Šumavě." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45444.
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Structural changes in macrozoobenthic communities and changes in chemistry in longitudinal profiles of two acidified streams in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic) were investigated in 2007. The progress in chemical recovery was evident in both streams, whereas zoobenthos recovery was obvious only in less acidified stream.
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Višňová, Anna. "Dynamika uvolňování živin v průběhu procesu dekompozice smrkového dřeva v prostředí horského lesa." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368941.
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Summary: This thesis is focused on collecting information on the importance of dead wood on biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements in the mountain forest ecosystems of central Europe. The goal of this thesis was to determine the concentration of various elements(C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Al, Fe) in the coarse woody debris of spruce samples of different age, stage of decomposition which were collected in different localities in the national park Šumava. Another goal was to determine the speed of which these elements are released from the dead wood. The information on the quantity of different elements and the speed of their release is currently lacking and could lead to better understanding of various biogeochemical cycles of elements in the mountain forest. During the decomposition the concentration of the elements N, P, Al and Fe increased whereas the Kalium concentration decreased. The other elements' (C, N, Ca, Mg, Mn) concentrations varied. Carbon constituted approximately 50% of weight in all of the samples analyzed. We carried out a laboratory experiment based on decomposition of dead wood samples in various stage of decay during a period of six months. The released concentration of CO2 was measured at two to four weeks intervals. The release of CO2 continually decreased during the experiment.....
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Prach, Jindřich. "Změny lesní vegetace Šumavy a jejího podhůří během druhé poloviny 20. století." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306692.
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Long-term forest vegetation changes were studied in the Bohemian Forest and its foothills. New vegetation relevés were taken at sites of typological plots established by forest engineers between 1955 and 1980. Data from 158 semi-permanent plots were analysed using modern statistical methods. The data show significant changes and homogenization of the vegetation. Ellenberg indicator values indicate eutrofication. Repeated measurements of soil pH suggest acidification, but the interpretation of these data is complicated by methodological problems. The forests under study exhibit high spatial variability. No main prevailing trend in vegetation changes was found. The changes are considered to be related to sulphur and nitrogen deposition and forest management. The influence of increasing age of forest stands seems to be unimportant. Discussed are not only vegetation changes and their possible causes but also the possibilities and limitations of using such old forestry data in botanical and ecological studies.
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Rucki, Jan. "Makrozoobentos dlouhodobě sledovaných toků s různým stupněm ovlivnění atmosférickou acidifikací." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374269.
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Blechová, Magdalena. "Historický vývoj zooplanktonu Starolesnianskeho plesa (Vysoké Tatry, Slovensko) v kontextu globálních změn." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345329.
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The aims of the thesis were to document the history of the Cladocera (Crustacea) community structure in the Starolesnianske Lake (the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia) with regards to environmental changes (e. g., Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, anthropogenic acidification, recovery from acidification), and to analyze in detail the development of zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera) during the peaking acidification and recovery from acidification (1978 - 2015). Based on results of both the approaches, the appropriateness of using historical data on zooplankton in Tatra lakes between 1909 - 1913 (Minkiewicz, 1914) as a reference condition for the evaluating biological recovery from acidification should have been assessed. The methods used were paleolimnological analyses of lake sediment (namely subfossil Cladocera), analysis of recent zooplankton, and analyses of lake water chemistry. It was found that in the historical record, relative abundances of Cladocera species significantly changed cca 150 years ago (at the end of the Little Ice Age and, in the main, in the period of anthropogenic acidification). The lake, though, has had a very stable species composition of Cladocera during the last cca 2,000 years, represented by four species: Alona quadrangularis, Alonella excisa, Ceriodaphnia...
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Vondrák, Daniel. "Sedimenty šumavských jezer a jejich využití v paleoenvironmentálním výzkumu." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404908.
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Sediments of Bohemian Forest lakes are important natural archives. Their sedimentary record covers postglacial history of the lakes as well as history of natural processes in a wider region. It also documents local settlements and changes in landscape management. The lake sediments have attracted the interest of the scientific community since the end of the 19th century. Despite of the fact that modern paleolimnological and paleoecological investigations were already performed in the second half of the 20th century in the Bohemian Forest Mts., the great potential of the lake sediments was not fully utilized in scientific research so far. The ultimate objective of this thesis is to deepen knowledge of these natural archives and support their utilization in future studies. Several specific objectives have been set to achieve the ultimate objective: i) to compare age of the Bohemian Forest lake sediments with the recent knowledge of local deglaciation at the end of the last ice age, ii) to integrate chronostratigraphic marker horizons as one of the tools of Late Glacial sediment dating, iii) to assess the role of bioerosion in chitinous subfossil freshwater invertebrate remains on the record representativeness, and iv) to prove the presumed dystrophic nature of the lakes during the Holocene using...
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Červenková, Lenka. "Fytoplankton tatranských ples: faktory ovlivňující druhové složení a biomasu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296188.
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The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe species composition and biomass of phytoplankton in the Tatra Mountains lakes (Slovakia, Poland) and environmental factors influencing them. The surface layer of 89 lakes was sampled in September 2004. Flagellates from Chrysophyta, Dinophyta and Cryptophyta most frequently dominated the phytoplankton biomass. Lake in the same valley usually differed in their dominant taxonomic group as a result of different lake morphometry, catchment type and detailed geological structure. Based on the level of phytoplankton biovolume, the majority of lakes were ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic, however, mesotrophic and even eutrophic conditions were recorded in some forest and meadow lakes. An allometric relationship between phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a was revealed. Specific chlorophyll content did not differ among taxonomic groups. Altogether 233 species were determined, the most diverse group were Chlorophyta. Species richness of lake was 3-46 and it was negatively correlated with altitude and positively correlated with lake area. The majority of species were rare both in term of biomass and number of lakes occupied by a particular species. Average local species biomass was positively correlated with regional distribution. The similarity of species...
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Malíček, Jiří. "Epifytické druhy skupiny Lecanora subfusca v České republice." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306662.
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- 4 - ABSTRACT During the revision of epiphytic species of the Lecanora subfusca group in the Czech Republic, nine taxa have been recorded. L. cinereofusca and L. exspersa are reported for the first time from the country. L. circumborealis has been excluded from the list of Czech lichens. L. cinereofusca and L. horiza could be considered as extinct. L. rugosella and L. subrugosa are regarded as extreme morpholocial forms from L. chlarotera and L. argentata. These morphotypes corelate with ecological conditions: substrate (nutrient enriched bark) and habitat (eutrophisation effect). In case of L. subrugosa, this speculation was confirmed by molecular data (ITS rDNA sequences). Several new secondary metabolites have been discovered during the detailed research of chemical lichen compounds. These substances belonging to terpenoids are taxonomically important and very helpful for distinguishing single species. The abundance of L. allophana and L. chlarotera has decreased during last decades. Contrarily, L. pulicaris expanded slightly. The main reasons of changes in distribution are air pollution and acidification of substrates as the impact of acid rains. The rate of substrate acidification has been shown on example of L. pulicaris. In the past, this lichen predominated on acid-barked porophytes. Nowadays, it...
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Barcyte, Dovile. "Zelené řasy dominující ve fytoplanktonu dvou kyselých jezer: taxonomické postavení, fylogenetické vztahy a odolnost vůči kovům." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343827.
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The aim of this diploma thesis was to reveal the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the dominant planktonic algae in two acid metal-rich lakes (Hromnice Lake and Plešné Lake, Czech Republic) and to compare these isolates with other closely related strains with the focus on the tolerance to various toxic metals (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). The phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belong to species Coccomyxa simplex. It was the first evidence that specifically this species is capable to become the dominant phytoplankton alga in the extreme environment of acid lakes with increased supply of phosphorus. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, four independent phylogenetic lineages were revealed within the genus Coccomyxa with three of them containing isolates from acid freshwaters. Furthermore, new strains of the recently described species Coccomyxa polymorpha were found growing in various chemical solutions. The toxicity test revealed that Coccomyxa simplex strains isolated from Hromnice and Plešné lakes did not show any peculiar resistance to increased metal concentrations. A significantly strain-specific response was recorded in case of aluminum, however, it was not related to the concentration of this metal in the original habitat. The ability to thrive in extreme habitats is probably...
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Mach, Radomír. "Dopad spotřeby domácností na životní prostředí." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446401.
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The main goal of this dissertation thesis is to quantify the environmental burden associated with household consumption in the Czech Republic. Emissions of three groups of gases were selected to express the burden on the environment, namely emissions causing climate change, acidification and the formation of photosmog. These emissions arise from the consumption of fuels in households, and they are usually referred to as direct household emissions. Or they arise in the production and distribution of goods and services, and they are usually referred to as indirect household emissions. Although indirect emissions come from combustion in energy production and other industrial processes and agricultural activities, not from households, they are a consequence of household demand for final products. Therefore, such emissions are considered to be a consequence of household consumption. The resulting emission values are given for the average household and households divided into expenditure deciles. Emissions increase with expenditure per household member in total consumption and in individual consumption groups across all deciles. In the case of climate change-related emissions, more than half come from heating (41%) and electricity (21%). For acidification, heating (31%) and food (24%) are the dominant...
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Ouředníková, Petra. "Dopad Národní politiky oceánu ve Spojených státech amerických." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347946.
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This thesis analyzes the newly established U.S. National Ocean Policy. Through a content analysis of all obtained sources concerning the opinions on the policy, the main hypothesis is either confirmed or disproved. It can be assumed that Republicans would oppose this policy from obvious ideological reasons, whilst Democrats would support this policy, because it originated from their administrative and follows their positive approach to environmental issues. The ocean is not only for the United States, but also for the whole world an important source of food and various minerals, affects weather, produces a great amount of oxygen and absorbs noticeable amount of pollutants. Its economic potential for the United States is imperative and the worsening conditions of the ocean ecosystems represent an enormous potential threat to the future economic prosperity of the United States. President Barack Obama reinforced this ocean policy, which should response to the worsening conditions of the ocean, aim focus on the improvements of the ocean management and simultaneously enhance the protection of the ocean ecosystems. This policy began its journey in 2010 and was finished on paper in 2013. Its implementation will take many years, during which this political framework should lead to improvement of the ocean...
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Kopačková, Veronika. "Enviromentální aplikace obrazové spektroskopie." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327429.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to use Image Spectroscopy as a tool to monitor the environmental conditions in a region affected by anthropogenic activities via estimating both geochemical and biochemical parameters on a regional scale. The research has been carried on the Sokolov lignite mine, NW Bohemia, a region affected by long-term extensive mining. The thesis is divided into two thematic parts. First part is devoted to applications of Image Spectroscopy into Acid Mine Drainage mapping and its related issues (chapters 2 and 3). In chapter 2 the equivalent mineral end-members were successfully derived from the ASTER image data (Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite data). In the chapter 3 the pH was estimated on the basis of mineral and image spectroscopy. The Multi Range Spectral Feature Fitting (MRSFF) technique was utilized for mineral mapping and the multiple regression model using the fit images, the results of MRSFF, as inputs was constructed to estimate the surface pH and statistical significant accuracy was attained. In the second thematic part (chapters 4-6) Image Spectroscopy is applied into monitoring of vegetation stress. A new statistical method was developed to assess the physiological status of macroscopically undamaged foliage of Norway...