Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acier inoxydable 316'
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El, Kheloui Ahmed. "Etude de la susceptibilité à la corrosion sous contrainte d'aciers inoxydables AISI 304 et AISI 316 dans l'acide nitrique bouillant en présence de chlorures." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10576.
Full textHermant, Alexandre. "Evolutions microstructurales d’un acier inoxydable austénitique (316 Nb) au cours de sollicitations thermomécaniques représentatives de différents procédés de forgeage." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM081.
Full textMechanical properties and microstructure of 316Nb austenitic stainless steel may show some variability in hot forging products. This work aimed at improving knowledge about hot deformation mechanisms and microstructural evolution of this steel. Obtaining a homogeneous microstructure requires deep understanding of the hot deformation behaviour and mechanisms. In thick-walled components, both work hardening, dynamic recovery and recrystallization govern hot workability. Static and post-dynamic phenomena can induce further metallurgical evolution during interpass time and cooling. The influence of deformation temperature, strain, strain rate, cooling rate on recrystallization mechanisms has been studied by using hot torsion tests. Multiple-pass tests with isothermal and non-isothermal interpass allowed understanding post-dynamic mechanisms. Static phenomena were investigated using various annealing conditions. The effects of initial microstructural features such as grain size and chemical composition, specifically niobium solute content, on the hot deformation behaviour were eventually considered.The extent of dynamic recovery, coarse initial grain size, solute drag, and pinning of grain boundaries by fine Nb(C,N) particles strongly hinder dynamic recrystallization which does not dominate the metallurgical evolution over the range studied, in contrast to results reported on 316 steel. However, bulging of grain boundaries as a prelude to dynamic recrystallization was observed at low strains and high temperature. Grain boundary serrations progressively lead to the formation of subgrain boundaries, then of new high angle boundaries. A particular dynamic recrystallization mechanism explains progressive elimination of annealing twins. Interaction with dislocations depends on locally activated slip systems and whether they are common to both twin and parent grain. At moderate strain levels, post-dynamic recrystallization occurs by rapid growth of nuclei that depends on deformation temperature, and applied strain and strain rate. For a given chemical composition, neither dynamic nor post-dynamic recrystallization is affected by the initial grain size over the range studied. Increasing the free niobium content promotes solute drag and niobium carbide precipitation, which significantly delay recrystallization. The microstructure after annealing essentially depends on the availability of solute atoms such as niobium and on residual δ-ferrite. Nb(C,N) precipitates formed during hot deformation do not significantly influence recrystallization kinetics
Haïdopoulos, Marie. "Étude expérimentale d'optimisation de procédés de modifications de surface de l'acier inoxydable 316 pour application aux dispositifs endovasculaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22413/22413.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop various surface modification procedures for 316 stainless steel to improve its long term performances as endovascular stents. The strategy behind this work was divided into two parts: surface pre treatments and surface coatings. Chemical composition, roughness and topography of the metallic surfaces were modified by the surface pre treatments in order to prepare the substrates for the post deposited coatings that would form an impermeable barrier completely isolating the metallic device from body fluids. Surface pre treatments of the metallic surfaces consist of mechanical and electrochemical polishing, ultrasonic cleaning, dipping in alkaline and acidic solutions, and plasma etching. The aim was to obtain a smooth and homogeneous surface of the substrate as well as to remove any fragile interlayer, particularly the metallic oxide and the contamination layers. Characterization of the modified surfaces was performed by X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Optimized surface properties were obtained by combining ultrasonic cleaning, electrochemical polishing, acid dipping and plasma etching. Of the above mentioned methods, emphasis was placed on the electrochemical polishing procedure. Ultra thin fluorocarbon films were deposited on pre treated stainless steel surfaces by radio frequency glow discharge plasma, after modulating plasma deposition parameters in order to promote the polymerization process. Films were then partially hydrogenated, amorphous, highly hydrophobic, smooth and pinhole free. Depositions under optimal polymerization conditions were also performed on as received substrates and lead to the formation of partially hydrogenated, porous fluorocarbon coatings that consisted of heterogeneously distributed nanospherical particles. Thus, pre treatments prior to deposition were essential, demonstrated by their strong influence on the morphology of the plasma polymer films. Finally, plasma polymer films were validated with respect to impermeability in a medium reproducing the physiological conditions in the coronary arteries.
Couturier, Raphael. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques de l'acier 316 ln élaboré par compression isostatique à chaud. Influence des paramètres de fabrication." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0937.
Full textKasri, Rachid. "Fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques 316 L en milieu acide borique pollué en chlorures entre 100 °C et 200 °C." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10612.
Full textBelamri, Chérif. "Influence de la température, 20 à 600 °C, et de l'environnement, air-vide, sur le comportement en fatigue plastique d'un acier inoxydable austénitique, 316 L." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595809k.
Full textKarray, Rim. "Influence de l'implantation ionique et du mixage ionique dynamique sur le comportement en corrosion sous containte d'un acier inoxydable austénitique AISI 304." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10623.
Full textThis study concerns the influence of surface treatments on the resistance to stress corrosion of stainless steel AlSi 304 Surface modificaiton are obtained by ion implantation of reactive particles (molybdenum, nitrogen) inert species (krypton neon) and by depositing a stainless steel AlSi 316 vapor assisted by argon ion implantation. .
Mandiang, Youssouf. "Analyse des évolutions structurales subies par les aciers austénitiques du type Z6CNDT 17-13 (AISI 316 Ti) comportant une addition de phosphore, en fonction de longues durées de maintien à des températures comprises entre 550 et 800⁰C." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112071.
Full textL’influence du phosphore sur les processus de précipitation développés au sein d’aciers inoxydables du type AISI 316 Ti, à la faveur de traitements thermiques effectués à des températures comprises entre 600 et 800°c, a été analysée en mettant en œuvre diverses méthodes d’étude. Nous avons mis en évidence, par diffraction des rayons X à partir des résidus d’extraction électronique, la présence des phases des phases formées et nous avons déterminé, en fonction du temps et de la température de traitement le domaine d’existence de différents types de précipités susceptibles d’apparaître. Ces observations par miscrocopie optique ont révélé que la présence de phosphore en quantité suffisante (1500 ppm) au sein de ce matériau contribuait à favoriser, au cours du revenu, la précipitation intracristalline uniforme et fine de carbures des types M₂ ₃ C ₆ et TIC. De plus, des zones dénudées jouxtant les joints de grains peuvent être mise en évidence. D’autre part, la nature et les sites de germination des précipités formés ont été clairement déterminés par les examens en microscopie électronique en transmission sur lames minces. Nous avons ainsi observé que :-les précipités secondaires de TIC (C. F. C. ) se formaient essentiellement sur les dislocations dans la matrice et autour des précipités primaires de TiN (C. F. C) ; -les carbures du type M₂ ₃ C ₆ (C. F. C. ) se localisent surtout aux joints de grains quand on opère à température relativement faible (=600°C) ; ces précipités se forment aussi bien aux joints qu’à l’intérieur des grains ϒ (C. F. C) lorsque la température de traitement est élevée (650-800°C) ;-la précipitation de la phase ƞ (HC) –type Fe₂Mo et celle des phosphures du type M ₃ C ₆ P (Q. C) se développent dans la matrice austénitique ; -la phase intermétallique x (C. C) se forme le plus souvent aux joints de grains. Par ailleurs, la restauration et la recristallisation de ces alliages initialement à l’état écroui (20%) ont été étudiés par micrographies optique et électronique (MET) tandis que l’influence du phosphore sur la ductilité de ces aciers inoxydables du type 316 Ti a été analysée par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) sur éprouvettes préalablement chargées en hydrogène au bain de sels fondus. Les faciès de rupture de ces échantillons observés après traction sont du type intragranulaire ductile
Villaret, Flore. "Développement d’une jonction austéno-martensitique à gradient de composition chimique par fabrication additive." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI104.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the problem of bimetallic austenitic/martensitic steel connections. This research action focuses on a 316L austenitic steel (X2 CrNiMo 18-12-02) / Fe-9Cr-1Mo (X10 CrMo 9-1) martensitic steel connection. The objective is to understand the metallurgical problems related to the assembly of these two steels and to evaluate the possibilities of using powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing to produce austenitic/martensitic steel transitions. A weld obtained by electron beam is used as a reference for this study which focuses on the interest of powder metallurgy to achieve a transition between two steels. Materials with a chemical composition gradient have been consolidated by HIP and SPS and show very good mechanical properties and an excellent junction between the two steels. By additive manufacturing (DED-LB or PBF-LB), we also obtain very good bonds between the two steels, but the microstructures are much more complex. Curiously, we observe that the higher the cooling rate, the higher the ferrite fraction in the martensitic steel. Different calculations based on the nucleation and growth of the austenitic phase have made it possible to propose a coherent scenario to explain the phase fractions present in the materials. The transition zone between the two steels shows strong variations in hardness. These variations are explained by changes in chemical composition, leading to modifications in phase change temperatures, and the particular thermal cycles seen during building. From a technological point of view, materials obtained by additive manufacturing have tensile performances very similar to those obtained by electron beam welding. It is shown that additive manufacturing also makes it possible to control the composition gradient between a martensitic and an austenitic steel
Henon-Vernet, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude métallurgique d'une liaison bimétallique soudée 16MND5/309/308." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0021.
Full textSolignac, Marie-Paul. "Etude du comportement a la fissuration en fluage et en fatigue d'aciers inoxydables austenitiques z2 cnd 17-12 (316 l) a 550 c." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066540.
Full textJeon, Kyeong-Lak. "Rupture en mode mixte I+II de l'acier inoxydable austénitique 316L /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35626900f.
Full textVernault, Cyril. "Interaction couches d'oxyde et résistance à la fatigue de l'acier inoxydable 316L." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2324.
Full textJeon, Kyeonglak. "Rupture en mode mixte I+II de l'acier inoxydable austénitique 316L." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0278.
Full textDepradeux, Lionel Jullien Jean-François. "Simulation numérique du soudage - Acier 316L validation sur cas tests de complexité croissante /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=depradeux.
Full textPommier, Harry. "Fissuration en relaxation des aciers inoxydables austénitiques de type AISI 316L." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0073/document.
Full textStress relaxation cracking can potentially be found in the heat affected zone of large welded parts after service in the 500-700°C temperature range. This phenomenon, known as reheat cracking (RC), is driven by the high temperature relaxation of residual stress fields initially introduced during welding. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to identify the material and microstructural characteristics as well as the driving forces responsible for RC damage development in AISI 316L-type austenitic stainless steels.The proposed methodology relies on the reproduction of RC conditions in five chemically different AISI 316L-type steels using pre-compressed CT-like specimens. Subsequent investigation using SEM, EBSD, TEM and X-ray tomography revealed that intergranular damage had developed in some of the specimens. The extent of damage was found to depend on the steel grade, the temperature and duration of the thermal exposure, and the notch radius.The numerical investigation of the local residual stress and strain fields in the specimens was carried out using a novel internal state variable-based viscoplastic constitutive model. A comparison between the predicted residual stress fields in the CT-like specimens and the intergranular damage distributions measured by X-ray tomography enabled the threshold level of local residual stresses associated with the initiation of stress relaxation microcracks to be inferred. Finally, the distribution of the measured local RC damage was modelled numerically by explicitly linking a suitable phenomenological scalar damage law with the above constitutive model. The corresponding results were found to be consistent with the observed damage distributions
Valiorgue, Frédéric. "Simulation des processus de génération de contraintes résiduelles en tournage du 316L : nouvelle approche numérique et expérimentale." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EMSE0038.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis proposed by AREVA NP is to predict the residual stresses induced by finishing turning of AISI 316L. The numerical model is simulating the residual stresses generation with a new approach by applying directly equivalent thermo-mechanical loadings onto the finished workpiece surface without modeling the chip removal process. Thus, this study is divided in two complementary main subsections. On one hand, an experimental campaign is carried out to record data and to compute thermomechanical loadings. This task is made using the AREVA NP parameters. On the other hand numerical models are set up using previous measured values. They are made to reproduce the residual stresses generation by applying and moving the thermo mechanical loadings. The study leads to interesting results because the shapes of the residual stresses curves agree with previous works concerning this topic and with XRD measured residual stresses. The new approach seems to be pertinent because it is possible to simulate several tool passages like no other numerical model
Guyout, Laurent. "Usinabilité d'aciers inoxydables type 316 L : application au micro-fraisage." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2002/document.
Full textThe micro-milling ( tool diameter < 1 mm) target the precise machining of 3D structures to micrometric dimensions, in engineeringmaterials, to be placed at the borders of two worlds : the one hand , the traditional milling called "macro milling" and other hand, the microfabricationand its so-called "clean room" techniques.The innovative study focuses on the micro-milling of 316L steel with carbide micro end mills with industrial equipment (machine toolmarketed unoptimized) can caricature the many technological challenges related to the implementation of the micro-milling and make a directtransfer of skills to the industry. 316L steel (biocompatible, reputed difficult to machine) has never been studied in micro-milling.The study looks at ratios through new features of the micro-milling, the problems of choice of means and methods to characterizemicro-milling.After analysis study parameters and machined parts, the optimal geometric definition of an innovative micro end mill is proposed.Service behavior is validated by testing machining in 316L steel, responding to a question of negative cutting with low cutting speeds andscale effects of the material.An originality of the study is to address the effect of the inclusion population to improve machinability. Comparing the resultsobtained by micro-milling two 316L steel grade, the inclusion population of 316L steel is not identified as a factor improving themachinability cutting at micro scale
Depradeux, Lionel. "Simulation numérique du soudage - Acier 316L : validation sur cas tests de complexité croissante." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0014/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study is the prediction with numerical simulation of residual stresses and distortions generated by the welding process. The special case of the TIG welding process on 316L steel is considered. In order to investigate phenomena and difficulties that must be taken into account for the numerical simulation of the welding process, a parallel experimental and numerical study is carried out on different kind of tests, of increasing complexity, from one dimensional to three-dimensional. As first step, one-dimensional tests are led on round bar specimen for which temperatures and stresses are macroscopically homogeneous in the studied zone. These tests investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of the steel, when submitted to thermal cycles similar to those that occur in the Heat Affected Zone during welding. This kind of test is also very useful for the validation of different constitutive equations. As second step, axi-symmetrical tests are led on simplified structures in order to investigate the structure effect and problems due to the presence of a weld pool. Lastly, a test more representative of a real welding operation, which involves a moving heat source, integrates the three-dimensional effect. In parallel, numerical simulations are performed for each test, using the finite element code code_Aster (EDF). Comparative analysis between experimental and numerical results allows the assessment of the ability of the numerical code to predict residual stresses and distortions, and parametric analysis allow us to investigate the sensitivity of numerical results to material characteristic data, constitutive equation, or modeling of the heat input
Mineur, Marie. "Conditions locales d'amorçage des fissures de fatigue dans un acier inoxydable de type 316L : aspects cristallographiques (EBSD)." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2266.
Full textGentet, David. "Compréhension et modélisation du comportement mécanique cyclique anisotherme de l'acier austénitique AISI 316L(N)." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS280.
Full textThe main subject of this report consists in proposing a mechanical model of the viscoplastic behaviour of an austenitic stainless steel under isothermal and anisothermal low cycle fatigue loadings at high temperatures (550-900K). In this domain, numerous phenomena linked to dynamic strain ageing (DSA) and to dipolar dislocation structure formation may appear. Isothermal and anisothermal low cycle fatigue tension-compression tests were performed in order to verify some aspects about the effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour. The study of the hysterisis loops and the observation of dislocation structures carried on transmission electron microscopy establish two different DSA mechanisms during isothermals tests. The effect of temperature history is shown for for particular temperature sequences. It is demonstrated that the stress amplitude increase when the sample is submitted to cycles at "high temperature" is linked to the second mechanism of DSA. It comes from the increase of short range interaction between dislocations (chromium segregation), but it is also the consequence of the lack of dipolar structure annihilation at low temperature. From the experimental analysis of DSA mechanisms and dipolar restoration, a macroscopic anisothermal model is developed using physical internal variables (densities of dislocations). The equations of a polycrystalline model are rewritten with the aim of getting a simple multiscale approach which can be used on finite elements analysis software. Between 550 and 873K, the simulation results are in good accordance with the macroscopic and microscopic observations of low cycle fatigue, relaxation, and 2D-ratchetting tests
Degallaix, Suzanne. "Rôle de l'azote interstitiel et combiné sur le comportement en plasticité cyclique et monotone d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques Z2 CND 17-12 (AISI 316L - 316LN)." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10016.
Full textSHAHAB, ABDULLAH. "Contribution a l'etude de la metallurgie du soudage de l'inconel 625 et des aciers inoxydables 304 et 316." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT2066.
Full textCHANFREAU, ANNA, and Jacques Chêne. "Etude de la precipitation de l'helium 3 dans un acier inoxydable 316l; influence sur la diffusion de l'hydrogene." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112235.
Full textPortella, Quentin. "Amélioration par SMAT des performances mécaniques de pièces en 316L issues de la fabrication additive (SLM)." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0014.
Full textThe objective of this PhD work is to focus on two points to propose improvements in the quality of 316L parts produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) AM technology.The first is to identify the effects of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) and heat treatments on the mechanical performance of additive manufacturing parts under monotonic (tensile) and cyclic (flexural bending fatigue) loading.The second is the development of a new duplex post-treatment that combines the SMAT with a heat treatment, using either infrared lamps or an electric current, and to evaluate the effects of this new post-treatment on the mechanical properties of a 316L SLM steel.The impact of SMAT on the surface quality, strength and fatigue life of this alloy was found to be very beneficial. However, this improvement in mechanical properties was accompanied by a decrease in ductility. The new duplex post-treatment (SMAT/TT) further increased the mechanical strength of the parts, while minimising the decrease in ductility induced by the SMAT alone
Tran, Van Giai. "Détermination d’un critère de fissuration à chaud par liquation en fonction de la teneur en bore et de sa localisation pour l’acier inoxydable austénitique 316L." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS506/document.
Full textLiquation cracking may occur in the heat-affected zone during welding. Two factors influence this phenomenon: the tensile stresses generated during welding and the potential loss of ductility due to the presence of a liquid film at grain boundaries depending on their chemical composition. Gleeble hot ductility tests have been used to study the combined effect of boron content and holding time on ductility drop in the liquation temperature range of a 316L type austenitic stainless steel. It is shown that high boron contents and short holding times promote the loss of ductility in this temperature range. Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used inattempt to correlate mechanical results to boron distribution either at grain boundaries or in the bulk. Other hot cracking tests (Varestraint, PVR) have been performed to confirm the influence of boron content on hot cracking sensitivity of AISI 316L stainless steels during welding. Results indicate that cracks appear on all specimens and that the minimum external mechanical loading for liquation cracking decreases with boron content. The higher the boron content is, the more the specimen exhibits tendency to hot cracking. A liquation hot cracking criterion has been determined, based on the results of the hot ductility tests and the simulation of welding tests
Duportal, Malo. "Impact de la concentration en hydrogène sur les processus de dissolution et de passivation d’un acier inoxydable austénitique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS024.
Full textDifferent processes can lead to hydrogen absorption on the surface of the materials and can decrease their inherent materials properties, especially their surface characteristics. Interactions between these modifications and corrosion processes have to be more thoroughly studied. In this context, this work aims to investigate the role of hydrogen absorption on the dissolution and passivation mechanisms of the AISI 316L. First, the total absorbed hydrogen concentration has been quantified after an electrochemical charging process. Then, we evaluated the different hydrogen states in the material and its distribution from surface to the bulk. Results suggest a strong concentration gradient and allows to estimate both an apparent coefficient of diffusion and a local hydrogen concentration. In addition, we observed that the local hydrogen increased hardness enhanced the dislocations density and induced an occasionally phase transformation to martensite (γ→ε). In the second time, the influence of hydrogen on anodic processes on the AISI 316L have been investigated. For that purpose, electrochemical tests have been conducted and show an increase of anodic kinetics after hydrogen absorption. Hydrogen induced an increase of the passive current density while the pitting resistance is widely degraded. XPS analyses attest of a similar passive layer (thickness and composition) before and after H-charging even though EIS results show a decrease of the resistance. Inductively Coupled Plasma showed that hydrogen promotes dissolution processes. The modifications induced by hydrogen are partially reversible with hydrogen desorption. Our results illustrate that mobile hydrogen is mainly responsible for the decrease of the properties and that trapped hydrogen and / or metallurgical modifications induced by electrochemical charging have few effects on the corrosion process even they highlight the partial non-reversibility of the observed effects
Lewis, François. "Étude sur les propriétés d'adhérence des revêtements fluorocarbonés déposés par plasma sur l'acier inoxydable 316L pour les stents coronariens." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26602/26602.pdf.
Full textCoronary stents are medical devices used to provide internal scaffolding to stenosed arteries. This disease is characterized by the deposition of lipids on the artery wall, a decrease of the artery diameter and blood flow disturbance. The stents are mainly made of a metal structure coated with a polymer film. Despite their commercial success, many adhesion problems are reported after their expansion, such as coating delamination and cracking. These coating failures decrease the stent’s efficiency and durability. The aim of this thesis was to study this problem using fluorocarbon coatings deposited by plasma polymerization This thesis proposes a new technique, named Small Punch Test, to evaluate the coating adhesion. This method simulates the stent expansion on flat substrates, which facilitates the evaluation of the coating properties after deformation. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope investigations showed the importance of the coating thickness on their cohesion properties. Cracks were observed on specimens with a coating thickness higher than 35 nm. To deposit coatings with a low density of nano-defects and to increase their stability in aqueous media, this research investigates the growth and properties of fluorocarbon films deposited on plasma etched substrates. Hydrogen plasma played a key role, with the formation of hydroxide as film growth initiator. During the first polymerization steps, hydroxides may lead to the formation of fluorocarbon coatings with low nano-defect density, high content in CF2 and long polymer chains, as observed by XPS, ToF-SIMS and FTIR. However, plasma etchings modified and lowered the oxide layer thickness of stainless steel and increased the sensitivity of samples to post-oxidation.
Auger, Jean-Marc. "Étude de la frittabilité de composites céramique-métal (alumine-acier inoxydable 316L) - Application à la conception et à l'élaboration de pièces multimatériaux multifonctionnelles architecturées." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487974.
Full textMazouz, Hamoudi. "Frottement, usure et lubrification de couples de biomatériaux : Cas du PEHD / zircone et cas de l'acier inoxydable austénitique 316L / zircone." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1464.
Full textRelave, Sébastien. "Caractérisation et prédiction de la microstructure obtenue par fabrication additive. Application aux aciers inoxydables." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEM003.
Full textThe laser beam melting (LBM) is an additive manufacturing process that allows the production of complex samples trough a layer-by-layer melting of the powder bed by the laser beam. In the most of the studies, the solidification mechanisms were not studied in details. However, from scientific and practical point of view, it is necessary to study and to describe these mechanisms which can help to optimize the mechanical properties of LBM samples. The purposes of this study were to analyse the influence of process parameters and the powder chemical composition on the microstructure of manufactured parts and to develop a numerical simulation model capable to predict the microstructure of the part after material solidification. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L alloy LBM samples were analysed in dependence on the process parameters and the chemical composition of the powders. The results obtained during the study showed the significant influence of the chemical composition of the powder on the sample microstructure for the same process parameters. It was found that the chemical composition impacts the solidification path of the alloy, the latter can give different microstructure and therefore different mechanical properties. Meanwhile, thanks to thermal model developed, the solidification structure and the shape and size of the melting pool have been identified, according to the process parameters used for the experiment part. Finally, the link between the microstructure observed and the microstructure predicted by the model have been settled, leading to a deeper understanding of the solidification mechanism encountered during the LBM process
Cumbunga, Judice. "Modeling and optimization of the thermomechanical behavior of metal partsobtained by sintering : Numerical and experimental approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA006.
Full textThe pressureless solid-state sintering process is a thermal treatment applied to improve or adjust material properties according to its field of application, given its ability to handle parts with complex geometries, high dimensional accuracy, small dimensions and suitability for soft and hard materials. However, modeling this type of process proves to be a difficult task, as an appropriate model needs to take into account various aspects, namely the multi-scale and multi-physics character of the problem, the high non-linearity of the material, the complexity of the geometries and, last but not least, the type of boundary conditions. From an industrial point of view, the appropriate heat treatment parameters are mainly obtained by trial and error. Numerical simulation makes it possible to reduce the cost of these tests and to provide more useful predictions or recommendations for actual production, than sintering tests themselves. Numerous research projects have been devoted to the development of mathematical and numerical models with approaches adapted to different levels or scales, such as the small scale (atomic level), the meso-scale (particle, grain and pore level), and the continuum scale (component level). The ability to predict the evolution of microstructure has put the mesoscopic model (at particle, grain and pore level) ahead of the others.In research terms, the question posed would therefore be "Given a untreated part obtained by MExAM, how can we numerically simulate the evolution of the microstructure (from an initial microstructural state) to control changes in thermomechanical properties during the solid-state sintering process ?"A robust computational model, based on a multiphysics and multi-scale approach, has been developed, tested and validated. It enables us to predict the evolution of the material's microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties. The model is based on the finite element method, and progressively takes into account the multiphysical couplings (thermal, mechanical and microstructure) that influence the material's behavior. Special considerations have been given to the integration of non-linear phenomena. The results of the various simulations have shown that the model developed is capable of predicting the behavior of the sintering process with correct accuracy. The special case of material behavior for MExAM was presented, as well as how to use the model to optimize its thermomechanical properties. Optimization was achieved by coupling the results of the various simulations with the Taguchi method. It should be noted that the results obtained from the analysis of material properties confirm the successful application of the model, both in predicting the microstructural and thermomechanical behavior of the material, and in optimizing its properties
Wang, Mi. "Comportement électrochimique d'un acier inoxydable sous rayonnement et en milieu représentatif des réacteurs à eau pressurisée (REPs)." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00915575.
Full textLewis, François. "Etude sur les propriétés d'adhérence des revêtements fluorocarbonés déposés par plasma sur de l'acier inoxydable 316L pour les stents coronariens." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814232.
Full textGuerchais, Raphaël. "Influence d'accidents géométriques et du mode de chargement sur le comportement en fatigue à grand nombre de cycles d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 316L." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0020/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the influence of both the microstructure and defects on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behaviour of a 316L austenitic stainless steel thanks to finite element (FE) simulations of polycrystalline aggregates.%The scatter encountered in the HCF behavior of metallic materials is often explained by the anisotropic elasto-plastic behavior of individual grains leading to a highly heterogeneous distribution of plastic slip.Since fatigue crack initiation is a local phenomenon, intimately related to the plastic activity at the crystal scale, it seems relevant to rely on this kind of modeling to evaluate the mechanical quantities.A preliminary numerical study, based on experimental data drawn from the litterature, was conducted on an electrolytic copper using simulations of 2D polycrystalline aggregates. The effect of the loading path and small artificial defects on the mesoscopic mechanical responses have been analyzed separately. Moreover, the predictive capabilities of some fatigue criteria, relying on the mesoscopic mechanical responses, has been evaluated. It was shown that the macroscopic fatigue limits predicted by a probabilistic fatigue criterion are in accordance with the experimental trends observed in multiaxial fatigue or in the presence of small defects.An experimental campaign is undertaken on an austenitic steel 316L. Low cycle fatigue tests are conducted in order to characterize the elasto-plastic behavior of the material. Load-controled HCF tests, using both smooth specimens and specimens containing an artificial hemispherical surface defect, are carried out to estimate the fatigue limits under various loading conditions (tension, torsion, combined tension and torsion, biaxial tension) and several defect radii. To complete the characterization of the material, the microstructure is studied thanks to EBSD analyzes and the cristallographic texture is measured by X-ray diffraction. These experimental data are used to reproduce, with FE simulations, the HCF tests on 2D and 3D microstructures representative of the austenitic steel. The heterogeneity of the mesoscopic mechanical quantities relevant in fatigue are discussed in relation to the modeling. The results from the FE models are then used along with the probabilistic mesomechanics approach to quantify the defect size effect for several loading paths. The relevance, with respect to the experimental observations, of the predicted fatigue strength distributions is assessed
Auger, Jean-Marc. "Etude de la frittabilité de composites céramique-métal (alumine-acier inoxydable 316L) - Application à la conception et à l’élaboration de pièces multimatériaux multifonctionnelles architecturées." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0566/document.
Full textThis study deals with forming and mechanical properties characterization of structured composites constituted from alumina and 316L stainless steel. Materials obtained can be considered twice composites, as they are made successive layers (structure), each one being a dispersed ceramic/metal composite by itself. The different aspects of this work cover monolithic dispersed composites elaboration through powder metallurgy, architectures mechanical properties determination through both measurements and numerical simulation, and problems linked to layered composites production. Experiments on monolithic composites have evidenced an inhibiting effect linked with carbon presence on alumina densification during sintering. Complex interactions happen between carbon (residues from imperfect debinding), steel (and microstructures thereof) and chromium, resulting in altered densification, which renders elaboration difficult. Mechanical behaviour laws could be obtained for these dispersed composites, using both behaviour homogenization (for plasticity) and analytic models based on experiments (for plasticity). These laws allowed finite elements modelisation of low energy plane versus plane impact tests for varying layered architectures. Comparison with experimental tests showed that layered structures increase impact resistance compared to monolithic composites, and allowed to determine some parameters, like parts thickness, susceptible to improve it. In spite of imperfect connexion between experimental data and numerical simulation, the latter is sufficient in order to optimize architecture choice
Li, Linwei. "Etude thermo-chimico-mécanique de l’acier inoxydable AISI 316L oxydé entre 700°C et 900°C sous air humide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS539.
Full textThe motivation of this study is to investigate the effects of water vapor on the oxidation behaviors of AISI 316L at high temperatures from the view of internal stresses in the oxide scales. Oxidation tests of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel have been performed from 700˚C to 900˚C in the air with different water vapor contents (0 – 8 vol.%) for various durations (6 – 96 hours). The oxide surface morphology, cross-section microstructure, oxide phase identification and residual stresses in the oxide scales have been studied. The obtained results indicate that: (1) The oxide constituent distribution varies with both temperature and humidity. (2) Residual stresses show the temperature and chemical component dependence. (3) The stress generation and relaxation during oxidation are of great significance due to their key role in the oxide microstructure evolution. Net tensile and compressive growth stresses lead to distinct microstructures of oxide scales. (4) The growth stress also shows sensitivity to water vapor and its concentration, particularly the tensile growth stress developed in humid air, which has a close relationship with breakaway oxidation. Finally based on thermo-chemo-mechanical analyses, oxidation mechanisms have been proposed in two cases in regard to water vapor presence or absence
Fouilland-Paillé, Laurence. "Analyse des effets induits sur un acier inoxydable de type 316L par un traitement par explosif : application au comportement en fatigue et en usure." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2315.
Full textALAIN, REGIS. "Comportement en fatigue plastique d'un acier inoxydable austénitique type 316L entre 20°C et 600°C : étude des facteurs gouvernant la durée de vie." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2295.
Full textMaisonneuve, Marc. "Effet de transitoires oxygénés sur l'oxydation et la corrosion sous contrainte d'un acier inoxydable 316L écroui en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612528.
Full textOperational feedback on the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) shows cases of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) affecting cold-worked stainless steel components. Some working steps require water from auxiliary reservoirs to be added to the primary water. Depending on the operator, this water can be either aerated, or deaerated and monitored. These aerated transients may have a detrimental effect on the SCC susceptibility of stainless steels. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the influence of dissolved oxygen on the oxidation and SCC susceptibility of a cold-worked 316L stainless steel in PWR primary water. For this purpose, oxidation and SCC tests were performed in PWR primary water with nominal (hydrogenated and deaerated), fully aerated, and aerated transients conditions. Dissolved oxygen was found to have a significant impact on the oxidation processes of stainless steels. In particular, the inner surface oxide layer is chromium-rich and dense in nominal conditions, while it is chromium depleted and porous in the two other environments, with the exception of a thin oxide film (10 to 30 nm thick) located at the oxide/alloy interface. Moreover, intergranular oxide penetrations, which can be considered as precursors for SCC initiation, were observed in nominal and aerated transients conditions, but not in fully-aerated ones. Intergranular and micrometric SCC cracks were observed after the SCC tests, in all three environments. A detailed quantification showed that they are more numerous and significantly longer and deeper in nominal conditions, and with aerated transients, compared to the fully-aerated ones. This difference seems coherent with the absence of intergranular oxide penetrations in fully-aerated conditions. Moreover, with aerated transients, oxides at the crack flanks and tip can either have a different morphology than in nominal conditions, suggesting that aerated transients may have an effect on SCC susceptibility. Based on these results, scenarios were proposed for intergranular SCC cracks initiation, in the three environments of this study
Stinville, Jean-Charles. "Evolution des microstructures et textures locales par nitruration plasma de l'acier 316L : répercussion sur sa durabilité en fatigue." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491846.
Full textPellier, Julie. "Rôle de la force ionique, de l'albumine et du pH sur la dégradation par fretting-corrosion d'un contact acier inoxydable/PMMA. Application aux implants orthopédiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735400.
Full textWang, Mi. "Electrochemical Behaviour of Stainless Steel under Radiation and Exposed to Representative Chemistry in Pressurised Water Reactor Conditions." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/91/55/75/PDF/Mi_WANG_thesis.pdf.
Full textThe dissertation focuses on the behaviour of stainless steel under irradiation and exposed to primary PWR conditions. The electrochemical potential of austenitic 316L stainless steel and the environmental parameters (hydrogen pressure, temperature, etc. ,) have been measured continuously at high temperature (HT) and high pressure (HP) under irradiation, using a unique experimental HTHP working cell. Two sources of irradiation, proton and electron beams, have been employed in the study. A high similarity of electrochemical behaviour under both types of irradiations has been observed: (i) an oxidative potential response under irradiation (few tens of millivolts); (ii) an increase in the hydrogen pressure reduces the oxidative potential response; (iii) a synergetic effect of thermal ageing and fluence leading to a decrease of the oxidative response under irradiation. The observations of the oxide film showed that without irradiation, metallic nickel in the inner and outer oxide films has been observed under a high hydrogen pressure. Under irradiation, um scale cavities (pits) have been observed in the strongly electron irradiated oxide film formed on 316L stainless steel. These defects are induced by the effect of irradiation of the passive film and water radiolysis. It is also shown that water radiolysis influences the PWR water chemistry by making it become a stronger oxidant at the oxide/solution interface. As a result, the release of metallic cations is increased and a-Fe2O3 hematite has been observed on the irradiated outer oxide film where cavities were formed
Liang, Xiaoyu. "Comportement en fatigue à grand nombre de cycle d’un acier inoxydable 316L obtenu par fabrication additive : effets de la microstructure, de la rugosité et des défauts." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE017.
Full textThis study aims to investigate the influence of both the microstructure and surface defects on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of a 316L stainless steel obtained by additive manufacturing (AM). Surface defects and microstructure are dominant factors of fatigue behavior, while the AM materials often exhibit distinguished surface state and microstructure compared to conventional materials. The current study begins with an investigation of the material properties that are related to fatigue behavior. Microstructure observations of the powder and fabricated specimens are undertaken. Profilometry and tomography analyses make the inherent defects visible. The hardness, elastic behavior and elastic-plastic behavior are studied via mechanical tests. Then, load-controlled fatigue tests concerning different surface-treated specimens under different loading types are conducted. To reveal the mechanism of fatigue failure in the studied specimens, a comprehensive fractography analysis is carried out. Experimental research reveals the weakening of fatigue strength due to lack-of-fusion defects. Yet, the effect of the microstructural attributes is difficult to evaluate without numerical tools. A preliminary numerical study about the application of the non-local method in an explicit microstructure sensitive model is undertaken to complement the microstructure-sensitive modeling framework. Based on the data collected in the experimental campaign, a finite element model that can take into consideration of the defects and the microstructure of the SLM SS 316L is built up. Finite element analyses are performed with both cubic elasticity and polycrystal plasticity constitutive laws. With the help of the statistical method, the results from the FE model are used to quantitatively assess the influence of surface roughness and microstructural attributes on the fatigue performance of SLM SS 316L
Carboni, Christelle. "Influence de traitements mécaniques de surface (choc laser et grenaillage de précontrainte) sur la tenue à la corrosion localisée de l'acier inoxydable 316L." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1422.
Full textSabatier, Laurent. "Apport des techniques d'analyse locale EBSD et AFM à l'étude de l'émergence des bandes de glissement induites par fatigue dans l'acier inoxydable 316L : influence de couches minces." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2302.
Full textThe local surface deformation damage processes induced by fatigue (LCF) in the 316L stainless steel have been analysed by coupling the two recent Electron Back Scattering Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy techniques. A first part relates to the fine structures of persistent slip bands : the morphology of the extrusions-intrusions is studied at a nanometric scale (AFM) in direct relationship with the local cristallographic configuration (EBSD). The influence of the ambient air is studied by comparison with results established in vacuum. The second part concerns the effects induced on the emergence of slip bands by two coatings : an homogeneous and amorphous thin NiTi film (0. 1 æm) known to increase the fatigue life of the 316L and an oxide layer produced at 600ʿC whose characteristics depend on the orientation of the grains of the substrate
Gallovits, Chabchoub Myriam. "Oxydation d'aciers faiblement alliés et d'aciers inoxydables par plasma type Glidarc; analyse spectroscopique de la couche d'oxydes développée et du plasma." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES078.
Full textChniouel, Aziz. "Etude de l’élaboration de l’acier inoxydable 316L par fusion laser sélective sur lit de poudre : influence des paramètres du procédé, des caractéristiques de la poudre, et des traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS379/document.
Full textAdditive Manufacturing (AM) recently became an attractive manufacturing process in several industrial fields such as aeronautics, aerospace and automotive. The exploitation of AM processes for the nuclear industry is currently being studied in different countries. The AM enables the creation of optimized parts with complex geometries impossible to manufacture with conventional processes. This thesis aims to determine the potential contribution of AM processes for the production of metal components for various nuclear applications including future Generation IV reactors. First, the microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts built by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process are presented. Three thematics were assessed in this study: the SLM process parameters, the powder characteristics and two post heat treatments (700 ° C-1h and hot isostatic pressing: 1100 ° C-3h under 1800 Bar). Their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. Tensile properties of 316L steel specimens were measured and compared to those of forged 316L steel described in the nuclear field by RCC-MRX standards. The results obtained are superior to those of the standard and comparable to those of a forged steel. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of interactions between the process parameters, the microstructure and the mechanical properties
Maestracci, Raphaël. "Influence de la microstructure sur les mécanismes d'endommagement thermomécanique de revêtements à base d'acier inoxydable AISI 316L réalisés par projection dynamique par gaz froid "cold spray"." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM017/document.
Full textAluminum alloys are commonly used in the automotive industry for lightening and power gain of thermal engines. However, thermomechanical properties are not often high enough to undergo the in-service stresses while the engine is running. High performance materials are needed. A novel approach to reach these high performances is to develop specific coatings using the cold spray route. This thermal spray process is based on the plastic deformation of sprayed powders at a supersonic velocity onto a substrate resulting in so called « splats » and stick to the surface. In this thesis, thermomechanical damage of cold-sprayed 316L-matrix composite coatings are studied. Prior to the study of composites, the elaboration steps of 316L in the cold spray coatings are established. Powder and coatings are studied to determine the influence of the cold spray process. Microstructural analyse involved optical microscopy, SEM, chemical analysis EDX and image analysis. Cristallographic analyse were performed by EBSD and DRX. Interfaces between splats are specifically studies by TEM. These consist of a crucial actor in the cohesion of coatings. Then, softer powder of Cu and harder powder of Ni700 are mixed with 316L and cold sprayed to build composite coatings. Their influence on the microstructure through the creation of new interfaces is observed. Last but not least, mechanical properties of the different coatings are compared. Hardness and tensile tests are used for quasi-static loading characterization whereas impact-sliding tests are used for dynamic loading characterization. Results and the local observation of the microstructural response to these macroscopic loadings give an insight into major damage mechanisms of cold sprayed composite coatings
Lederer, Guy. "Modélisation tribomécanique du frottement en milieu agressif." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359181.
Full textLa première partie fait une large part à l'expérimentation, avec le développement d'un moyen d'essai original, et précise l'importance relative des phénomènes électrochimiques et mécaniques pour un contact ponctuel acier inoxydable / alumine en milieu neutre chloruré (NaCl 30 g/l). Le deuxième volet s'est attaché au développement d'une modélisation par équations intégrales des problèmes de contacts ponctuels entre des structures élastoplastiques homogènes ou revêtues en frottement continu.